{ "name": "Still Insurable: U.S. FAIR Plan and residual-market property-insurance dataset", "description": "State-by-state facts on U.S. FAIR Plans and residual-market property insurers: whether the state has one, its name, the perils it covers, the dwelling-coverage cap, eligibility rules, how to apply, premium positioning, and recent rate filings and changes. Each fact carries a source URL, a source name, a confidence level, and a verification date.", "source": "https://stillinsurable.com", "methodology": "https://stillinsurable.com/methodology/", "license": "Underlying facts are public record (state insurance departments, FAIR Plan associations, NAIC, the Insurance Information Institute). This compilation is provided for reference; please cite Still Insurable and link the specific page.", "built_at": "2026-06-19", "data_verified_through": "2026-06-18", "state_count": 51, "states": [ { "code": "AK", "name": "Alaska", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/alaska-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "no", "value_json": { "status": "no", "note": "Alaska has no state FAIR Plan and no state-backed residual insurer of last resort for homeowners. AK is not a PIPSO member. When admitted carriers decline a property, coverage is placed in the surplus lines (non-admitted) market through an Alaska-licensed surplus lines broker under AS 21.34." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/ins/surpluslines.aspx", "source_name": "Alaska Division of Insurance, Surplus Lines", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Cross-checked against PIPSO's national member list (pipso.com/members) which does not list Alaska. The Alaska Division of Insurance directs hard-to-place property risks to the surplus lines market under AS 21.34 rather than to a residual mechanism." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "no plan", "value_json": { "name": null, "note": "no Alaska FAIR Plan exists; coverage of last resort is the surplus lines / non-admitted (E&S) market, brokered through Alaska-licensed surplus lines producers under AS 21.34 and overseen by the Alaska Division of Insurance" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/ins/surpluslines.aspx", "source_name": "Alaska Division of Insurance, Surplus Lines", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Eligible surplus lines insurers must be approved by Alaska directly (U.S. domestic) or listed on the NAIC Quarterly Listing of Alien Insurers. The Division publishes a White List of eligible insurers and a Placement List of risk categories for which the diligent-search requirement is presumptively met." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "no plan website; the Alaska Division of Insurance home-insurance consumer page is the closest equivalent", "value_json": { "url": null, "doi_consumer_page": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/ins/Consumers/HomeInsurance", "surplus_lines_page": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/ins/surpluslines.aspx", "doi_home": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/ins/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/ins/Consumers/HomeInsurance", "source_name": "Alaska Division of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "There is no Alaska FAIR Plan website because there is no Alaska FAIR Plan. The Division's home-insurance consumer page is the official starting point for Alaskans having trouble finding coverage." }, { "field": "residual_market_structure", "value": "Surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S) market under AS 21.34; no FAIR Plan, no JUA, no state-backed insurer of last resort. AK is not a PIPSO member.", "value_json": { "primary_path": "surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S)", "regulator": "Alaska Division of Insurance", "surplus_lines_statute": "AS 21.34", "no_fair_plan": true, "no_jua": true, "pipso_member": false, "doi_consumer_fallback": "Alaska Division of Insurance publishes a Surplus Lines Placement List (Regulatory Order R26-01) identifying risk categories for which diligent search is presumptively satisfied" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/ins/surpluslines.aspx", "source_name": "Alaska Division of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "When admitted carriers decline a property, an Alaska-licensed surplus lines broker can place the risk with an eligible non-admitted insurer. Surplus lines policies are not backed by the Alaska Insurance Guaranty Association (AS 21.80), a material consumer-protection trade-off." }, { "field": "regulatory_authority", "value": "Alaska Division of Insurance (within the Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development)", "value_json": { "name": "Alaska Division of Insurance", "abbrev": "ADI", "parent_department": "Alaska Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development (DCCED)", "url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/ins/", "anchorage_address": "550 W. 7th Ave., Suite 1560, Anchorage, AK 99501-3567", "anchorage_phone": "(907) 269-7900", "anchorage_fax": "(907) 269-7910", "juneau_address": "333 Willoughby Ave., 9th Floor, Juneau, AK 99801-1770", "juneau_mailing": "P.O. Box 110805, Juneau, AK 99811-0805", "juneau_phone": "(907) 465-2515", "juneau_fax": "(907) 465-3422", "in_state_toll_free": "1-800-INSURAK (outside Anchorage)", "tty_tdd": "711 or (800) 770-8973", "general_email": "insurance@alaska.gov", "licensing_email": "insurancelicensing@alaska.gov" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/ins/AboutUs/ContactUs.aspx", "source_name": "Alaska Division of Insurance, Contact Us", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Director: Heather Carpenter, promoted from Acting Director to full Director on December 2, 2025 (per NAIC node/8815 and Alaska DOI About page). Addresses, phone numbers and email addresses verified from the Division's own Contact Us page. The Division operates dual offices in Anchorage and Juneau, an artifact of Alaska's geography rather than redundancy." }, { "field": "commissioner", "value": "Heather Carpenter, Director (Acting Director from July 15, 2025; promoted to full Director December 2, 2025)", "value_json": { "name": "Heather Carpenter", "title": "Director, Alaska Division of Insurance", "since_date": "2025-12-02", "acting_since_date": "2025-07-16", "predecessor": { "name": "Lori Wing-Heier", "title": "Director, Alaska Division of Insurance", "tenure": "2014-07 to 2025-07-15", "departure_reason": "retirement" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://content.naic.org/node/8815", "source_name": "NAIC Insurance Commissioner Directory (Alaska)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Lori Wing-Heier retired as Director on July 15, 2025 after an 11-year tenure (appointed 2014). Heather Carpenter served as Acting Director from that date and was promoted to full Director on December 2, 2025 (NAIC directory + Alaska DOI About page; AM Best news ref. 267628). The position is a gubernatorial appointment under AS 21.06 reporting to the Commissioner of Commerce." }, { "field": "DOI_contact", "value": "Alaska Division of Insurance Consumer Services: (907) 269-7900 (Anchorage) or 1-800-INSURAK (in-state, outside Anchorage). Email: insurance@alaska.gov. File a complaint: https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/ins/Consumers/Complaints/FileAComplaint.aspx", "value_json": { "anchorage_phone": "(907) 269-7900", "anchorage_fax": "(907) 269-7910", "juneau_phone": "(907) 465-2515", "juneau_fax": "(907) 465-3422", "in_state_toll_free": "1-800-INSURAK", "tty_tdd": "711 or (800) 770-8973", "consumer_email": "insurance@alaska.gov", "complaint_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/ins/Consumers/Complaints/FileAComplaint.aspx", "consumer_complaints_page": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/ins/Consumers/Complaints.aspx", "anchorage_address": "550 W. 7th Ave., Suite 1560, Anchorage, AK 99501-3567", "juneau_address": "333 Willoughby Ave., 9th Floor, Juneau, AK 99801-1770", "juneau_mailing": "P.O. Box 110805, Juneau, AK 99811-0805" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/ins/Consumers/Complaints/FileAComplaint.aspx", "source_name": "Alaska Division of Insurance, File a Consumer Complaint", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The Division operates a dedicated Consumer Services section. Consumers are first directed to attempt resolution with the carrier or producer before filing a formal complaint. Phone numbers and addresses verified directly from the Division's own pages." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Alaska's cancellation and nonrenewal rules sit in two distinct statutes. AS 21.36.220 governs MID-TERM CANCELLATION: at least 30 days' notice for personal property/casualty (20 days for nonpayment of premium, 10 days for fraud or crime); 60 days for commercial. AS 21.36.240 governs NONRENEWAL: as amended by SB 132 (Ch. 17 SLA 25, effective January 1, 2026), 45 days' written notice for personal-lines (increased from 20 days; 45 days for commercial, unchanged), with a duplicate notice mailed to the Alaska Division of Insurance for homeowners and renter's policies (SB 106 / Ch. 27, 2020). SB 132 also provides that nonrenewal of a personal insurance policy may occur only on the policy's annual anniversary, and that an insurer may not nonrenew a homeowners policy based solely on a single claim arising from a third-party criminal act within the preceding three years. If required notice is not given, the existing policy continues until proper notice is provided (continuation remedy in AS 21.36.240).", "value_json": { "cancellation_statute": "AS 21.36.220", "cancellation_notice_days_personal": 30, "cancellation_notice_days_nonpayment": 20, "cancellation_notice_days_fraud_or_crime": 10, "cancellation_notice_days_commercial": 60, "nonrenewal_statute": "AS 21.36.240 (amended by SB 132 / Ch. 17 SLA 25, 2025; duplicate-notice from SB 106 / Ch. 27, 2020)", "nonrenewal_notice_days_personal": 45, "nonrenewal_notice_days_commercial": 45, "method_of_notice_statute": "AS 21.36.260", "duplicate_notice_to_division": "yes, for homeowners and renter's policies (at least 20 days before nonrenewal, per AS 21.36.240)", "continuation_remedy": "if notice not given as required, the existing policy continues until proper notice is provided (AS 21.36.240)", "post_disaster_moratorium": "no standing statutory moratorium", "rate_approval_regime": "prior approval for personal-lines property/casualty (AS 21.39)", "nonrenewal_anniversary_only": true, "nonrenewal_criminal_act_claim_protection": "no nonrenewal based solely on a single third-party criminal-act claim in the prior 3 years (SB 132, 2025)" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Text/34?Hsid=SB0132Z", "source_name": "Alaska Statutes AS 21.36.220 (mid-term cancellation) + AS 21.36.240 (nonrenewal, as amended by SB 132 / Ch. 17 SLA 25, 2025)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Alaska's 20-day personal-lines nonrenewal notice is shorter than the 30-60 day windows in many other states. The duplicate-notice-to-Division requirement is unusual and creates a real-time signal to the regulator of nonrenewal activity. Alaska does not have a CA-style post-disaster nonrenewal moratorium statute." }, { "field": "surplus_lines_role", "value": "Surplus lines is the de-facto coverage-of-last-resort path in Alaska when admitted carriers decline a property risk. The surplus lines premium tax under AS 21.34.180 is 2.7% on net premium for general lines (0.75% for wet marine and transportation), plus a 1% filing fee, payable by the licensed surplus lines broker. The Division publishes a White List of eligible surplus lines insurers and a Placement List (Regulatory Order R26-01) identifying risk categories where diligent-search requirements are presumptively met.", "value_json": { "regulator": "Alaska Division of Insurance", "statute_chapter": "AS 21.34", "tax_statute": "AS 21.34.180", "tax_rate_general_pct": 2.7, "tax_rate_wet_marine_pct": 0.75, "filing_fee_pct": 1, "alien_insurer_capital_surplus_minimum_usd": 15000000, "alien_insurer_trust_fund_minimum_usd": 2500000, "foreign_insurer_capital_surplus_minimum_usd": 15000000, "placement_list_order": "R26-01", "eligible_company_list_name": "White List", "stamping_office": "none (Alaska has no Surplus Lines Association or Stamping Office)", "guaranty_fund_note": "Surplus lines policies are not backed by the Alaska Insurance Guaranty Association under AS 21.80" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/ins/surpluslines.aspx", "source_name": "Alaska Division of Insurance, Surplus Lines", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 2.7% surplus lines tax under AS 21.34.180 is corroborated by Troutman Pepper's surplus lines manual and the Justia 2024 statute text. The 1% filing fee is in addition to the tax. Alien insurers on the NAIC Quarterly Listing of Alien Insurers are exempt from Alaska's standalone eligibility filing requirements." }, { "field": "guaranty_fund", "value": "Alaska Insurance Guaranty Association (AIGA) under AS 21.80 covers covered claims against insolvent admitted property/casualty carriers, including homeowners. AIGA does not cover surplus lines / non-admitted carriers. Life and health insolvencies are handled by a separate entity, the Alaska Life & Health Insurance Guaranty Association.", "value_json": { "fund_name": "Alaska Insurance Guaranty Association", "abbrev": "AIGA", "statute": "AS 21.80", "covers": "admitted (licensed) property & casualty insurers, including homeowners, auto, professional liability, workers compensation", "does_not_cover": "surplus lines / non-admitted insurers; life, annuity, health, disability; residual value, mortgage guaranty, financial guaranty; risk retention groups; insurance written on a retroactive basis", "life_health_separate_entity": "Alaska Life & Health Insurance Guaranty Association" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=21.80.020&secEnd=21.80.020", "source_name": "AS 21.80.020 (Alaska Legislature)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Critical consumer-protection delta: an Alaska homeowner placed into surplus lines (the de facto residual market) loses AIGA backstop. AS 21.80.020 explicitly applies the chapter only to admitted insurers. This is the practical price of Alaska having no FAIR Plan. Per data-verifier-Wave-21 L13g sweep (2026-05-16): source_url migrated from Justia mirror (third-party, 403'd) to akleg.gov per L13g-CRIT/L19. The akleg.gov `?media=print&secStart=X&secEnd=X` query-string format is the working deep-link pattern (hash anchors do NOT work; the page uses JS navigation)." }, { "field": "earthquake_exposure", "value": "Alaska is the most seismically active state in the U.S. and home to two of the largest recorded earthquakes in U.S. and world history. The 1964 magnitude 9.2 Great Alaska Earthquake (Prince William Sound) is the largest earthquake ever recorded in U.S. history and the second-largest globally since modern seismography began in 1900; it caused approximately $400 million in 1964 damage (roughly $4.1 billion in 2025 dollars), killed 131 people (about 70% by tsunami), and ruptured for about four minutes thirty-eight seconds. The 2018 magnitude 7.1 Anchorage earthquake (November 30, 2018; epicenter near Point Mackenzie at 29 miles depth) caused over $75 million in damage to homes, businesses, schools, and roads, making it the most damaging Alaska earthquake since 1964. Standard Alaska homeowners policies exclude earthquake damage; coverage requires a separate earthquake policy or endorsement with deductibles typically 10-20% of dwelling coverage.", "value_json": { "us_seismic_ranking": "most seismically active U.S. state", "major_events": [ { "name": "1964 Great Alaska Earthquake", "date": "1964-03-27", "magnitude_mw": 9.2, "location": "Prince William Sound", "duration_minutes_seconds": "4m 38s", "deaths": 131, "tsunami_share_of_deaths_pct": 70, "felt_area_sq_mi": 502000, "damage_1964_usd": 400000000, "damage_2025_usd": 4100000000, "rank_us_history": "largest recorded U.S. earthquake", "rank_world_modern": "second-largest globally since 1900" }, { "name": "2018 Anchorage Earthquake", "date": "2018-11-30", "magnitude_mw": 7.1, "epicenter": "Point Mackenzie, about 10 miles N of Anchorage", "depth_miles": 29, "damage_usd_low": 75000000, "damage_usd_high": 76000000, "rank": "most damaging Alaska earthquake since 1964", "schools_damaged": 120, "aftershocks_over_3_in_first_4_days": 170 } ], "standard_ho_policy_covers_eq": false, "doi_eq_deductible_range_pct": "10-20", "secondary_damage_covered_by_ho": "fire and water damage from EQ-burst pipes typically covered under standard homeowners policy" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/ins/Consumers/HomeInsurance/EarthquakeInsurance.aspx", "source_name": "Alaska Division of Insurance, Earthquake Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The DOI's own consumer page explicitly states standard homeowners policies exclude earthquakes and that deductibles run 10-20% of coverage limit. The 1964 magnitudes and damage figures are USGS / NOAA official; the 2018 damage figure of over $75 million is from the State of Alaska DOT&PF and corroborated by USGS. EQ insurance take-up in Alaska is low despite the exposure." }, { "field": "wildfire_exposure", "value": "Alaska wildfire risk is concentrated in interior boreal forest and increasingly in tundra ecosystems north of the Brooks Range. The 2024 fire season saw 375 fires burn about 667,000 acres (below the current annual average of about 1 million acres, though that average is skewed upward by recent severe seasons). The McDonald Fire (Tanana Flats SE of Fairbanks) was the 2024 season's largest at 176,781 total acres including the absorbed Clear and Meridian fires - the largest fire within Fairbanks North Star Borough since 2004. The 2019 Mat-Su/Kenai season was the most structure-destructive in recent memory: the McKinley Fire (Aug 17, 2019; 3,753 acres between Willow and the Talkeetna cutoff) destroyed 51 homes, 3 businesses, and 84 outbuildings; the Swan Lake Fire (June 5 to autumn 2019, lightning-caused, Kenai Peninsula) burned about 170,000 acres at a roughly $30 million suppression cost.", "value_json": { "ak_2024_total_fires": 375, "ak_2024_acres_burned": 667000, "ak_recent_average_acres": 1000000, "ak_2024_largest_fire": { "name": "McDonald Fire (with Clear + Meridian absorbed)", "acres_total": 176781, "location": "Tanana Flats southeast of Fairbanks", "note": "largest fire within Fairbanks North Star Borough since 2004" }, "structure_destructive_recent_events": [ { "name": "McKinley Fire", "year": 2019, "start_date": "2019-08-17", "acres": 3753, "location": "between Willow and Talkeetna cutoff, Mat-Su Borough", "homes_destroyed": 51, "businesses_destroyed": 3, "outbuildings_destroyed": 84, "cause": "human-caused" }, { "name": "Swan Lake Fire", "year": 2019, "start_date": "2019-06-05", "acres": 170000, "location": "between Sterling and Cooper Landing, Kenai Peninsula", "cause": "lightning", "suppression_cost_to_late_august_usd": 30000000 }, { "name": "Sockeye Fire", "year": 2015, "location": "Willow, Mat-Su Borough", "structures_destroyed_up_to": 45 } ], "structural_drivers": "increasing tundra-fire activity, lengthening fire season, warming and drying boreal forest, declining sea-ice and atmospheric-circulation feedbacks" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://alaskabeacon.com/2024/10/02/alaska-wildfire-season-marked-by-significant-smoke-events-closes-with-below-average-totals/", "source_name": "Alaska Beacon (Alaska Wildland Fire Information data) / Alaska Wildland Fire Information", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "2024 acreage figure is preliminary from the BLM Alaska Fire Service via Alaska Beacon. McKinley Fire structure-loss numbers are from the Anchorage Daily News reporting on the Governor's disaster declaration. Mat-Su / Kenai 2019 is the single best modern data-point on AK wildfire-driven structure loss; the 2015 Sockeye Fire is the second-best." }, { "field": "permafrost_thaw_exposure", "value": "Permafrost thaw is a distinctly Alaskan property-insurance exposure with no parallel in the lower 48. A 2025 peer-reviewed study (Communications Earth & Environment) projects building and road losses to permafrost thaw of approximately $37 billion (SSP2-4.5 moderate-warming scenario) to $51 billion (SSP5-8.5 high-warming scenario) by midcentury (the 2055-2064 projection window), with the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area carrying the highest per-capita exposure. Standard Alaska homeowners policies do not cover damage from gradual permafrost thaw, soil settling, or earth movement; these are classified as earth-movement and excluded. Sudden, catastrophic foundation damage may be covered case-by-case, but the de facto rule is that permafrost-driven foundation failure is uninsurable in the admitted market. There is no federal Stafford Act analog for slow-onset permafrost damage.", "value_json": { "exposure_unique_to": "Alaska (no parallel in CONUS at scale)", "projection_window": "2055-2064 (midcentury)", "projected_building_and_road_loss_midcentury_ssp245_usd": 37000000000, "projected_building_and_road_loss_midcentury_ssp585_usd": 51000000000, "highest_per_capita_census_area": "Yukon-Koyukuk", "standard_ho_policy_covers_permafrost_thaw": false, "exclusion_basis": "earth movement / earth subsidence exclusion", "sudden_catastrophic_coverage_note": "narrow case-by-case carve-outs in some policies", "specialty_ground_movement_coverage": "available from some carriers but expensive and limited in scope", "federal_program_gap": "Stafford Act addresses acute events (storms, floods, earthquakes); no federal mechanism for slow-onset permafrost damage to private homes" }, "unit": "USD", "source_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-025-02191-7", "source_name": "Communications Earth & Environment (Nature) 2025 study on permafrost thaw infrastructure costs in Alaska", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The Communications Earth & Environment 2025 study is the most rigorous current per-state projection. Projection window is midcentury (2055-2064), NOT 2099 (data-verifier 80 P0, 2026-05-14 — earlier wording overshot the source's actual time horizon). Standard-policy exclusion of earth movement is verified through the Alaska Division of Insurance's home insurance guidance and is standard ISO HO-3 policy language. Fairbanks-area homeowners are the most-affected cohort in absolute terms; far-northern villages bear the highest per-capita projected losses." }, { "field": "coastal_erosion_relocations", "value": "Several Alaska Native villages on the Bering Sea coast and Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta have been documented as imminently threatened by coastal erosion compounded by permafrost thaw and declining sea-ice protection. A 2003 GAO report identified six villages as imminently threatened: Kivalina, Koyukuk, Newtok, Shaktoolik, Shishmaref, and Unalakleet. As of 2024-2025, Newtok has substantially relocated to Mertarvik (a new site about 9 miles across the Ninglick River) with about $160 million in present-day-dollar total relocation costs; Newtok was awarded $25 million in 2022 under the Voluntary Community-Driven Relocation program (DOI/FEMA/Denali Commission) and an additional $6.77 million FEMA award in 2024. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has estimated relocation costs at $95-125 million for Kivalina, $100-200 million for Shishmaref, and $80-130 million for Newtok; Kivalina estimates now range as high as $400 million with no federal funding committed.", "value_json": { "imminently_threatened_villages_2003_gao": [ "Kivalina", "Koyukuk", "Newtok", "Shaktoolik", "Shishmaref", "Unalakleet" ], "newtok_relocation_status": { "destination": "Mertarvik, AK (9 miles across Ninglick River)", "total_relocation_cost_present_dollars_usd": 160000000, "doi_voluntary_community_relocation_award_2022_usd": 25000000, "fema_award_2024_usd": 6768114, "recent_erosion_rate_feet_per_year": 70, "alternative_recent_estimate_feet_per_year": 90 }, "usace_relocation_cost_estimates_usd": { "Kivalina": "95M-125M (some sources up to 400M; no federal funding committed)", "Shishmaref": "100M-200M", "Newtok": "80M-130M" }, "insurance_implication": "Properties in actively eroding coastal villages are functionally uninsurable in the admitted market; many of these villages also do not participate in the NFIP because they are not in mapped flood-hazard areas", "doi_voluntary_community_driven_relocation_program": "Department of the Interior in partnership with FEMA, Denali Commission, BIA; $115M committed for 11 severely impacted Tribes" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.fema.gov/press-release/20250122/fema-awards-67-million-native-village-newtok-relocation-efforts", "source_name": "FEMA Press Release (Jan 22, 2025) on $6.77M Newtok Relocation Award / Department of the Interior Voluntary Community-Driven Relocation Program", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Newtok / Kivalina / Shishmaref are the canonical case studies. Kivalina has no federal funding committed despite Army Corps estimates from at least 2003. The 2024 FEMA award funded acquisition of 36 Newtok homes and family relocation costs to Mertarvik. The 2003 GAO imminently-threatened-villages list is now over twenty years old; an updated list would likely be longer." }, { "field": "carriers_in_market", "value": "Alaska's admitted homeowners market is dominated by USAA (driven by Alaska's large military and veteran population centered on JBER, Eielson AFB, and Fort Wainwright), with State Farm, Allstate, Umialik Insurance Company (Anchorage-domiciled, ~40 years in AK; consistently a top-3 AK writer alongside USAA and State Farm; member of Western National Insurance Group), Country Financial, and Western National also active. The Alaska Division of Insurance publishes an annual list of insurers offering homeowners coverage in Alaska as part of its Annual Report (under AS 21.06.110). State-level market share figures are not separately published in the Division's public consumer-facing materials and require NAIC Market Share Report subscription access.", "value_json": { "top_carriers_by_presence_or_pricing": [ "USAA", "State Farm", "Allstate", "Umialik Insurance Company (Anchorage; Western National Insurance Group)", "Country Financial", "Western National" ], "structural_dominance_driver": "Alaska's large military and veteran population (JBER, Eielson AFB, Fort Wainwright, USCG) gives USAA structural homeowners market dominance", "state_level_market_share_publication": "not published in DOI consumer-facing materials; available via NAIC Market Share Report", "doi_annual_list_authority": "AS 21.06.110", "doi_annual_report_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/ins/AboutUs/AnnualReports" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/ins/AboutUs/AnnualReports", "source_name": "Alaska Division of Insurance Annual Reports", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "needs_rescan reason: precise NAIC market-share percentages for AK homeowners were not retrievable from a free primary source. The carrier list is well-corroborated across multiple sources but specific share percentages should be pulled from the NAIC 2024 Market Share Report for Property/Casualty Groups when subscription access is available." }, { "field": "premium_baseline", "value": "Alaska homeowners premiums are relatively low by national standards. The Insurance Information Institute's calculation puts Alaska premiums approximately $372 per year below the national average. Multiple aggregator-based 2024-2026 estimates place the Alaska average homeowners premium in the $1,350 to $1,400 per year range, roughly 20% below the national average of about $1,750. The low-premium profile reflects relatively low population density, modest weather-driven catastrophe history outside the seismic/wildfire tail, and the fact that the most extreme exposures (earthquake, permafrost thaw, coastal erosion) are excluded from standard policies and not priced into the headline premium.", "value_json": { "ak_avg_annual_2024_2026_low_usd": 1355, "ak_avg_annual_2024_2026_high_usd": 1385, "us_avg_2024_2026_usd": 1754, "iii_below_us_avg_usd": 372, "discount_vs_us_pct": 20, "structural_drivers": [ "low population density and modest hurricane / convective-storm exposure relative to CONUS", "earthquake / permafrost / coastal-erosion exposures excluded from standard HO-3 and thus not in headline premium", "USAA dominance driven by military population may compress prices" ] }, "unit": "USD", "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/fact-statistic/facts-statistics-homeowners-and-renters-insurance", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute (III) FAIR Plans by State / Alaska Division of Insurance", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "needs_rescan reason: an Alaska Division of Insurance primary publication with the official statewide average homeowners premium was not directly retrievable; the cited figures are NAIC-derived but routed through III and aggregator sources. Re-pull the Division's most recent Annual Report (FY2025, covering 2024 data) when accessible to confirm." }, { "field": "flood_insurance", "value": "Many remote Alaska communities exposed to flooding (Yukon River, Kuskokwim River, Bering Sea coast) are not in FEMA-mapped flood-hazard areas and do not participate in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), so NFIP coverage is unavailable for properties there. Senate Bill 11 (introduced January 15, 2025 by Sen. Bert Stedman, R-District A, Southeast Alaska) proposed the Alaska Flood Authority: a non-profit composed of all property insurers licensed in Alaska, regulated by the Division of Insurance, offering flood policies mirroring NFIP coverage terms (up to $1M residential, $2M commercial), funded exclusively by premiums with no state subsidies. SB 11 died in committee when the 34th Legislature adjourned sine die on May 20, 2026 without a floor vote. No state flood insurance program exists or is currently pending in Alaska. The NFIP gap in remote communities persists.", "value_json": { "nfip_participation_gap": "many remote AK communities (Yukon River, Kuskokwim River, Bering Sea coast) not mapped or participating", "fema_community_status_book_url": "https://www.fema.gov/cis/AK.html", "proposed_state_program": { "bill": "SB 11", "introduced": "2025-01-15", "session": "2025-2026 Regular Session (34th Legislature)", "sponsor": "Sen. Bert Stedman (R, District A, Southeast Alaska)", "name": "Alaska Flood Authority", "structure": "non-profit; all property insurers licensed in Alaska", "regulator": "Alaska Division of Insurance", "residential_limit_usd": 1000000, "commercial_limit_usd": 2000000, "funding": "premiums only; no state subsidies", "status": "died in committee", "died_at": "2026-05-20", "died_reason": "34th Legislature adjourned sine die May 20, 2026 without floor vote", "effective_if_enacted": null, "plan_of_operation_due": null, "uniqueness_claim": "would have made Alaska the only U.S. state with its own primary flood insurance program" }, "current_status_note": "No state flood insurance program exists or is currently pending in Alaska as of June 2026. The NFIP gap in remote communities persists." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Detail/34?Root=SB11", "source_name": "Alaska Legislature, SB 11 (34th Legislature, 2025-2026)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "SB 11 did NOT pass the 2025 Alaska legislative session (in Senate Finance Committee as of April 7, 2025; not enacted) per LegiScan. If reintroduced and enacted in a future session, the Alaska Flood Authority would functionally be the first state-level residual flood mechanism in the U.S. and is the closest analog to a FAIR-Plan-style residual structure Alaska has come to. Track bill status through the 2026 and subsequent legislative sessions." }, { "field": "post_disaster_protection", "value": "Alaska does not have a standing post-disaster nonrenewal moratorium analogous to California Cal. Ins. Code § 675.1. The Division of Insurance may issue bulletins after a declared disaster but lacks emergency moratorium authority to suspend nonrenewals across affected ZIP codes by order. The 20-day personal-lines nonrenewal notice under AS 21.36.240 (with duplicate notice to the Division for homeowners/renter's policies) is the principal statutory consumer protection.", "value_json": { "standing_moratorium": false, "moratorium_authority": "none statutory", "bulletins_after_declared_disaster": "case by case", "principal_consumer_protection": "AS 21.36.240 (20-day nonrenewal notice + duplicate notice to Division per SB 106 / Ch. 27, 2020)", "contrast_ca": "California Cal. Ins. Code § 675.1 (one-year nonrenewal moratorium in declared-wildfire ZIP codes)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Text/31?Hsid=SB0106A", "source_name": "Alaska Statutes AS 21.36.220 (cancellation) + AS 21.36.240 (nonrenewal): SB 106 / Ch. 27 (2020)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Confidence is medium because the negative finding (no standing moratorium) is well-evidenced but proving a negative is harder than confirming a statute. A future Alaska legislative session could establish such authority; SB 11 (state flood insurance) signals the legislature's growing engagement with climate-driven coverage gaps." }, { "field": "consumer_guidance", "value": "If admitted carriers decline a property in Alaska, the consumer's options are: (1) shop with an independent agent and the Alaska Division of Insurance's annual list of homeowners insurers (AS 21.06.110) to find another admitted carrier; (2) work with an Alaska-licensed surplus lines broker (AS 21.34) to place coverage with a non-admitted insurer on the Division's White List, recognizing that surplus lines policies are not backed by the Alaska Insurance Guaranty Association (AS 21.80); (3) file a complaint with the Alaska Division of Insurance at (907) 269-7900 or via the Division's online complaint portal if a cancellation violated AS 21.36.220 (cancellation notice) or AS 21.36.210 (limits on cancellation), or if a nonrenewal violated AS 21.36.240 (nonrenewal notice + duplicate-to-Division requirement); (4) for earthquake exposure, separately purchase an earthquake policy or endorsement (the Division's consumer page recommends this); (5) for flood exposure in non-NFIP-participating communities, monitor SB 11 (Alaska Flood Authority) and federal Voluntary Community-Driven Relocation eligibility.", "value_json": { "options": [ "shop with independent agent and DOI annual carrier list (AS 21.06.110)", "surplus lines via licensed AK broker (no AIGA backing) (AS 21.34)", "complaint to Alaska Division of Insurance (907) 269-7900 if AS 21.36 violated", "separate earthquake policy or endorsement (10-20% deductible)", "monitor SB 11 (Alaska Flood Authority) for flood-exposed properties in non-NFIP communities" ], "no_fair_plan_fallback": true, "statutes": [ "AS 21.34", "AS 21.36.210", "AS 21.36.220", "AS 21.36.260", "AS 21.80", "AS 21.06.110" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/ins/Consumers/HomeInsurance", "source_name": "Alaska Division of Insurance, Home Insurance Consumer Page", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 'no guaranty fund backing' is the most important consumer-protection caveat for surplus-lines homeowners coverage in Alaska. The duplicate-notice-to-Division requirement under AS 21.36.220 means the regulator has near-real-time visibility into nonrenewal activity, which a complaint can leverage." }, { "field": "key_statutes", "value": "Core Alaska homeowners-insurance statutes: AS 21.34 (Surplus Lines Insurance, the de-facto residual market path); AS 21.34.180 (surplus lines tax 2.7% general, 0.75% wet marine); AS 21.36.210 (Limits on cancellation, six grounds); AS 21.36.220 (mid-term cancellation notice: 30 days personal, 20 days nonpayment, 10 days fraud/crime; 60 days commercial); AS 21.36.240 (nonrenewal notice: 45 days personal-lines, increased from 20 by SB 132 / Ch. 17 SLA 25 effective Jan 1, 2026; nonrenewal only on policy anniversary; no nonrenewal based solely on a single third-party criminal-act claim in the prior 3 years; duplicate notice to Division for homeowners/renter's per SB 106 / Ch. 27, 2020; 45 days commercial; continuation remedy); AS 21.36.260 (method of giving notice); AS 21.39 (Rates and Rating Organizations, prior-approval regime for personal lines); AS 21.80 (Alaska Insurance Guaranty Association, admitted carriers only); AS 21.06.110 (annual report).", "value_json": { "AS_21_34": "Surplus Lines Insurance; eligible insurer requirements; White List; Placement List; de-facto residual market", "AS_21_34_180": "Surplus lines tax: 2.7% on net premium general lines, 0.75% wet marine and transportation", "AS_21_36_210": "Limits on cancellation: six grounds (nonpayment, fraud/misrepresentation, willful concealment, physical changes substantially increasing risk, conviction, insured request)", "AS_21_36_220": "Cancellation notice: 30 days personal property/casualty (20 days nonpayment, 10 days fraud/crime); 60 days commercial", "AS_21_36_240": "Nonrenewal notice: 45 days personal-lines (increased from 20 by SB 132 / Ch. 17 SLA 25, 2025); nonrenewal only on policy anniversary; no nonrenewal based solely on a single third-party criminal-act claim in prior 3 years; duplicate notice to Division for homeowners/renter's (SB 106 / Ch. 27, 2020); 45 days commercial; continuation remedy", "AS_21_36_260": "Method of giving notice (mailing requirements)", "AS_21_39": "Rates and Rating Organizations; prior-approval regime for personal property/casualty lines", "AS_21_80": "Alaska Insurance Guaranty Association Act; covers admitted P&C only; explicitly does not cover surplus lines", "AS_21_06_110": "Annual report by the Division of Insurance, including list of insurers offering homeowners coverage" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp", "source_name": "Alaska Statutes Title 21 (Alaska Legislature) -- use ?media=print&secStart=X&secEnd=X for individual sections", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "These statutes are the basis for every consumer-rights conversation in Alaska homeowners insurance. AS 21.36.220's duplicate-notice-to-Division mechanism is unusual and is the strongest tool an Alaska homeowner has if a carrier nonrenews. Per data-verifier-Wave-21 L13g sweep (2026-05-16): source_url migrated from Justia mirror to akleg.gov per L13g-CRIT/L19. Title-level URL with note on the section deep-link pattern (akleg.gov uses JS navigation; hash anchors do not work; ?media=print&secStart=X&secEnd=X is the working format)." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "June 24, 2025: Governor Dunleavy signs SB 132 (Ch. 17 SLA 25), Omnibus Insurance Bill. Effective January 1, 2026: personal-lines nonrenewal notice extended from 20 days to 45 days under AS 21.36.240; nonrenewal of a personal insurance policy limited to the policy's annual anniversary date; new protection added against nonrenewal based solely on a single claim arising from a third-party criminal act within the prior three years. Jan 15, 2025: Sen. Bert Stedman (R, Southeast Alaska District A) introduces Senate Bill 11 to create the Alaska Flood Authority; bill would offer state flood insurance mirroring NFIP coverage limits, funded entirely by premiums. Jan 22, 2025: FEMA awards $6.77 million to Native Village of Newtok for relocation to Mertarvik, funding acquisition of 36 homes and family moves. July 15, 2025: Director Lori Wing-Heier retires after 11-year tenure; Heather Carpenter named Acting Director, confirmed as full Director December 2, 2025. May 20, 2026: 34th Legislature adjourns sine die; SB 11 (Alaska Flood Authority) dies in committee without a floor vote. NFIP coverage gap in remote Alaska communities persists; no state flood program exists or is currently pending.", "value_json": { "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-15", "event": "Sen. Bert Stedman introduces SB 11 (Alaska Flood Authority)" }, { "date": "2025-01-22", "event": "FEMA awards $6.77M to Native Village of Newtok for relocation to Mertarvik" }, { "date": "2025-06-24", "event": "Governor Dunleavy signs SB 132 (Ch. 17 SLA 25, Omnibus Insurance Bill). Effective January 1, 2026: personal-lines nonrenewal notice extended from 20 to 45 days under AS 21.36.240; nonrenewal limited to policy anniversary date; new protection against nonrenewal based solely on single third-party criminal-act claim in prior 3 years." }, { "date": "2025-07-15", "event": "Director Lori Wing-Heier retires; Heather Carpenter named Acting Director" }, { "date": "2025-12-02", "event": "Heather Carpenter confirmed as full Director of Alaska Division of Insurance" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "event": "SB 132 (Ch. 17 SLA 25) takes effect: 45-day personal-lines nonrenewal notice now required under AS 21.36.240" }, { "date": "2026-05-20", "event": "34th Legislature adjourns sine die; SB 11 (Alaska Flood Authority) dies in committee without a floor vote. No state flood insurance program enacted." } ], "current_commissioner": { "name": "Heather Carpenter", "title": "Director of Insurance", "confirmed_date": "2025-12-02", "predecessor": "Lori Wing-Heier (Director 2014-2025; retired 2025-07-15)", "source_url": "https://content.naic.org/node/8815", "source_name": "NAIC Insurance Commissioner Directory (Alaska)" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Detail/34?Root=SB+132", "source_name": "Alaska Legislature, SB 132 (Ch. 17 SLA 25, 2025) / Alaska Legislature SB 11 (34th Legislature) / FEMA / NAIC", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Track the Division of Insurance's Annual Report (FY2026, expected late 2026) for the first full reporting period under Acting Director Carpenter. SB 11 status should be monitored through subsequent legislative sessions; if it stalls, the structural NFIP-gap problem in remote AK communities persists." }, { "field": "industry_data_sources", "value": "Authoritative Alaska-specific datasets for tracking homeowners-insurance availability, pricing, and climate exposure: (1) Alaska Division of Insurance Annual Reports (under AS 21.06.110; FY2025 published late 2025); (2) Alaska Division of Insurance Bulletins and Regulatory Orders (B26-01 Eligible Surplus Lines Insurers, R26-01 Placement List); (3) USGS earthquake records for AK (1964 and 2018 events); (4) Alaska Wildland Fire Information / BLM Alaska Fire Service annual season summaries; (5) FEMA Voluntary Community-Driven Relocation Program (DOI/FEMA/BIA); (6) Communications Earth & Environment 2025 study on permafrost-thaw infrastructure costs; (7) Alaska Beacon for AK-specific journalism on legislation and climate-insurance issues.", "value_json": { "doi_annual_reports": { "url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/ins/AboutUs/AnnualReports", "authority": "AS 21.06.110" }, "doi_bulletins_orders": { "url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/ins/", "current_examples": [ "B26-01 Eligible Surplus Lines Insurers", "R26-01 Surplus Lines Placement List", "B26-03 Annual Survey on Health Insurance" ] }, "usgs_alaska_earthquakes": { "1964_url": "https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/events/alaska1964/", "2018_url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/alaska-science-center/science/m71-november-30-2018-anchorage-earthquake" }, "alaska_wildland_fire_info": "https://akfireinfo.com/", "fema_voluntary_community_driven_relocation": "https://www.bia.gov/service/community-driven-relocation", "permafrost_thaw_study_2025": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-025-02191-7", "fema_community_status_book_ak": "https://www.fema.gov/cis/AK.html", "alaska_seismic_hazards_safety_commission": "https://seismic.alaska.gov/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/ins/AboutUs/AnnualReports", "source_name": "Alaska Division of Insurance Annual Reports / multi-source", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The Division's own Annual Report is the gold-standard AK dataset; it should be re-pulled annually as new editions publish. The Communications Earth & Environment 2025 permafrost-thaw study is the most rigorous peer-reviewed projection of state-level permafrost-related infrastructure loss as of mid-2026." }, { "field": "market_outlook_2026", "value": "Alaska's homeowners market sits in a fundamentally different risk regime from the lower 48. The headline admitted-market premium is roughly 20% below the national average and the market is structurally competitive (USAA-dominated, several national carriers active). But the tail risks driving the rest of the country's insurance crisis are largely absent from Alaska policies because they are excluded by exclusion language: earthquake (separate policy required, low take-up), permafrost thaw (earth-movement exclusion, no admitted market), coastal erosion (functionally uninsurable in eroding villages), and inland river flooding (NFIP gap in non-mapped communities). The 2025 introduction of SB 11 (Alaska Flood Authority) is the first material legislative response to one of those gaps. Climate exposure in Alaska is rising faster than in most states, but the insurance-market signal is muted because the most catastrophic exposures are not insured to begin with.", "value_json": { "headline_market": "structurally competitive; USAA-dominated; ~20% below US average premium", "structural_drivers_of_low_premium": [ "low population density and modest hurricane/CBR convective exposure", "earthquake / permafrost / coastal-erosion exposures excluded from HO-3", "USAA dominance compresses pricing" ], "principal_forward_risks": [ "rising frequency and severity of wildfire (interior + tundra)", "permafrost-thaw foundation damage (uninsured in admitted market)", "Bering Sea coastal erosion driving village abandonment", "earthquake tail risk (1964-scale event possible)", "NFIP coverage gap in remote AK communities" ], "legislative_response_in_motion": "SB 11 (Alaska Flood Authority); no FAIR Plan proposed as of 2026-05", "expected_acting_director_first_full_reporting_cycle": "FY2026 Annual Report (late 2026)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/ins/", "source_name": "Alaska Division of Insurance / synthesis across primary sources cited in companion fields", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The market outlook is editorial synthesis grounded in the primary-source data points elsewhere in this file. Treat individual forward-risk items as medium confidence. The single most important framing: Alaska's apparent insurance-market stability is partly an artifact of which perils are insured, not of low underlying risk." }, { "field": "hero_stat_override", "value": "M9.2", "value_json": { "label": "Largest US earthquake on record (Great Alaska, 1964), excluded from every standard homeowners policy", "magnitude_moment": 9.2, "damage_1964_usd": 400000000, "damage_2025_usd": 4100000000, "deaths": 131, "event_name": "1964 Great Alaska Earthquake", "unit": "magnitude_moment" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/iscgem869809", "source_name": "USGS Earthquake Hazards Program: 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake (M9.2)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Headline number — M9.2 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake is the largest earthquake in U.S. recorded history (second-largest globally since modern seismography). $4.1B in 2025 dollars; 131 deaths (about 70% by tsunami). The standard homeowners exclusion-of-earthquake coupled with the highest U.S. earthquake exposure is the structural Alaska story." }, { "field": "title_override", "value": "Alaska FAIR Plan: none; SB 11 flood pool died in committee 2026", "value_json": { "h1": "Alaska FAIR Plan: none. SB 11 (2025) flood-pool bill died in committee May 2026", "title": "Alaska FAIR Plan: none; SB 11 flood pool died in committee 2026", "meta_description": "Alaska has no FAIR Plan. SB 11 (2025, Stedman) would have created an Alaska Flood Authority for non-NFIP areas; it died in Senate Finance at 34th Legislature sine die (May 2026)." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Detail/34?Root=SB11", "source_name": "Alaska Legislature, SB 11 (34th Legislature, 2025-2026)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "title_override per copywriter-205 cross-cutting #1/#2: the prior shared template title was uniform across the 14 batch-14 no-plan states. Differentiates with Alaska's load-bearing 2025 fact — Sen. Bert Stedman's SB 11 proposing an Alaska Flood Authority (functionally a state-level residual flood pool for the many remote AK communities outside the NFIP). UPDATED 2026-05-16 per data-verifier-Wave-7: SB 11 last action May 12, 2025 (Heard and Held in Senate Finance); no movement in a year; 34th Legislature adjourns sine die on or before 2026-05-20 with no SB 11 movement expected. Framing changed from 'pending' to 'stalled in committee' (more honest right now; flip to 'died in committee' after May 21, 2026 confirms sine die without further action). Legislature URL cited per L13g." } ] }, { "code": "AL", "name": "Alabama", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/alabama-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "no -- Alabama has no separate inland 'FAIR Plan'. Its only residual-market property mechanism is the coastal Alabama Insurance Underwriting Association (AIUA, 'the Beach Pool'), which covers WIND and HAIL only, south of the 31st parallel in Baldwin and Mobile counties; AIUA non-renewed all fire-coverage policies effective 2023-10-01. 'The Alabama FAIR Plan' is a colloquial name for AIUA itself. For a hard-to-insure inland (non-coastal) home there is no FAIR Plan; the route is the standard admitted market (the AL DOI Consumer's Guide to Homeowners Insurance) and then the excess & surplus (E&S) / surplus-lines market.", "value_json": { "status": "no", "residential_fair_plan_separate_inland": false, "coastal_wind_pool": { "name": "Alabama Insurance Underwriting Association", "abbr": "AIUA", "common_name": "the Beach Pool", "url": "https://www.aiua.org/", "scope": "wind and hail only (dropped fire coverage 2023-10-01)", "counties": [ "Baldwin (south of the 31st parallel)", "Mobile (south of the 31st parallel)" ], "dwelling_max_usd": 650000, "dwelling_max_effective": "2025-11-01" }, "mechanisms": [ "Alabama Insurance Underwriting Association (AIUA -- 'the Beach Pool'): coastal wind/hail only, south of the 31st parallel in Baldwin & Mobile counties; non-renewed all fire-coverage policies effective 2023-10-01" ], "inland_fallback": [ "standard/admitted market via the AL DOI Consumer's Guide to Homeowners Insurance", "excess & surplus (E&S) / surplus-lines carriers via an Alabama-licensed surplus-line broker" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.aiua.org/about-aiua", "source_name": "Alabama Insurance Underwriting Association (the Beach Pool, Alabama's sole residual-market mechanism)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-15 (2026-05-16): source_url moved from the III FAIR-Plans-by-state table (which EXCLUDES Alabama, supporting the negative claim but not the affirmative AIUA description) to aiua.org/about-aiua (which IS the primary source for the AIUA scope/coverage facts the row actually asserts). Alabama is NOT in the III FAIR-Plans-by-state table (it IS in the III Beach-and-Windstorm-Plans table); the Iowa FAIR Plan Association's directory lists Alabama as 'Alabama Insurance Underwriting Association' at alabamabeachpool.org -- i.e. AIUA is what the FAIR-Plan world means by 'the Alabama FAIR Plan'. Ala. Code Title 27 creates the AIUA and only the AIUA; there is no statewide inland fire-plan article. CORRECTION: an earlier version of this file asserted a second mechanism, an 'Alabama FAIR Plan ... administered with the Mississippi/Southeastern plans' -- no such entity, statute, administrator or website exists; that claim was fabricated and is removed here. See docs/al-fair-plan-check.md." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Alabama Insurance Underwriting Association (AIUA), commonly 'the Beach Pool'. (No separately named inland Alabama FAIR Plan exists.)", "value_json": { "wind_pool": "Alabama Insurance Underwriting Association", "common_name": "the Beach Pool", "inland_fair_plan_name": null }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.aiua.org/about-aiua", "source_name": "Alabama Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "AIUA name confirmed on aiua.org; 'Beach Pool' is the common name; alias site alabamabeachpool.org. No standalone 'Alabama FAIR Plan' entity name appears in any primary source. AIUA was voluntarily formed in the early 1970s and codified by the Alabama legislature in 2008." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.aiua.org/ (AIUA / the Beach Pool; alias https://www.alabamabeachpool.org/). There is no separate inland-Alabama-FAIR-Plan website. For an inland hard-to-insure home, contact the Alabama Department of Insurance at aldoi.gov -- in particular its Consumer's Guide to Homeowners Insurance (aldoi.gov/consumers/homeinsurance.aspx) and its Surplus Lines pages.", "value_json": { "aiua_url": "https://www.aiua.org/", "aiua_alias": "https://www.alabamabeachpool.org/", "al_doi_consumers_guide_url": "https://aldoi.gov/consumers/homeinsurance.aspx", "al_doi_surplus_lines_url": "https://aldoi.gov/SurplusLineWeb/SLInfo.aspx", "inland_fair_plan_url": null }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.aiua.org/", "source_name": "Alabama Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "aiua.org confirmed live; alabamabeachpool.org is an AIUA-branded alias the Iowa FAIR-Plan directory points to. The AL DOI Consumer's Guide to Homeowners Insurance is at aldoi.gov/consumers/homeinsurance.aspx (the older /Consumers/HomeownersInsurance.aspx path 404s). No separate Alabama FAIR Plan site exists." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "AIUA (the Beach Pool): a limited-peril policy covering WIND and HAIL only, for eligible residential and commercial property south of the 31st parallel in Baldwin and Mobile counties. It does NOT cover fire, theft, liability, or flood. AIUA non-renewed all fire-coverage policies effective 2023-10-01 -- it is now wind/hail only. If the property is in a FEMA flood zone (A or V), AIUA requires flood insurance at least equal to the AIUA policy limits (with limited condo exceptions above the 2nd floor). A coastal Alabama owner pairs an AIUA wind-only policy with a separate 'ex-wind' homeowners/dwelling policy (fire, theft, liability) plus flood. There is no inland Alabama FAIR Plan; an inland hard-to-insure home is written on a full (often broader) E&S form, not wrapped over a narrow residual base policy.", "value_json": { "aiua_perils": [ "windstorm", "hail" ], "aiua_exclusions": [ "fire", "theft", "liability", "flood" ], "aiua_fire_line_exit": "2023-10-01", "aiua_flood_requirement": "if in a FEMA flood zone, must carry flood at least equal to the AIUA policy limits", "inland_fair_plan_perils": null, "inland_fallback_perils": "varies by E&S carrier" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.aiua.org/faqs", "source_name": "Alabama Insurance Underwriting Association (FAQs)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "AIUA wind/hail-only scope + the FEMA flood requirement confirmed on the AIUA FAQ page (aiua.org/faqs); the 2023-10-01 exit from the fire line is well-reported (e.g. portalinsurance.com/aiua/). The aiua.org/about-aiua page still carries stale fire-coverage language; the older aiua.org/consumer-information/basic-coverages page is behind a login wall, use aiua.org/faqs -- the FAQ is the current source. CORRECTION: an earlier version of this file claimed AIUA covers fire and also that a separate inland 'Alabama FAIR Plan' writes basic fire + extended coverage -- both removed." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "AIUA (the Beach Pool): residential dwelling up to $650,000 (raised from $500,000 effective November 1, 2025); personal property up to 50% of the dwelling limit, i.e. up to $325,000; for a 1-4 family residential location. There is no inland Alabama FAIR Plan dwelling cap because Alabama has no separate inland FAIR Plan.", "value_json": { "aiua_dwelling_max_usd": 650000, "aiua_dwelling_max_effective": "2025-11-01", "aiua_dwelling_max_prior_usd": 500000, "aiua_contents_max_usd": 325000, "aiua_contents_basis": "50% of dwelling limit", "currency": "USD", "inland_fair_plan_dwelling_cap_usd": null }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.aiua.org/faqs", "source_name": "Alabama Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "AIUA FAQ: 'The maximum dwelling limit AIUA has increased from $500,000 to $650,000 effective November 1, 2025'; personal property capped at 50% of the dwelling limit ($325,000). CORRECTION: an earlier version of this file gave $500K dwelling / $250K contents / $750K combined -- stale; the $650K cap is the current headline and the contents cap follows the 50%-of-dwelling rule. AIUA carries large hurricane percentage deductibles (multiple options; the FORTIFIED discount can reach ~35%+ on wind). No inland Alabama FAIR Plan cap exists." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "Required in practice for AIUA policyholders -- a wind-only AIUA policy must be paired with a separate 'ex-wind' homeowners/dwelling policy (fire, theft, liability) plus an NFIP/private flood policy if in a flood zone. There is no inland-Alabama-FAIR-Plan 'wrap/DIC' construct because there is no inland Alabama FAIR Plan; an inland hard-to-insure home is written on a full E&S form.", "value_json": { "status": "required for AIUA policyholders", "aiua_companion_policy": "separate ex-wind homeowners/dwelling policy (fire, theft, liability) + NFIP/private flood if in a flood zone", "inland_wrap_dic": "n/a -- no inland Alabama FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.aiua.org/faqs", "source_name": "Alabama Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Coastal Alabama homeowners typically pair an AIUA wind-only policy with a separate ex-wind homeowners/dwelling policy (covering fire, theft, liability) plus an NFIP/private flood policy." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "AIUA (the Beach Pool): the property must be in the designated coastal area (south of the 31st parallel in Baldwin and Mobile counties); the applicant must be unable to obtain wind/hail coverage in the private market; the dwelling must be OWNER-OCCUPIED; and the property must meet AIUA underwriting/condition standards (e.g. roof condition; flood-insurance compliance if in a FEMA zone). AIUA does NOT write: vacant or unoccupied dwellings, farm property, properties with pre-existing damage, or properties in Coastal Barrier Resources Act (CBRA) zones. Alabama does not publish a fixed numeric declination count. For an inland hard-to-insure home there is no FAIR Plan; shop the admitted market (AL DOI Consumer's Guide to Homeowners Insurance) and then, if declined, the E&S / surplus-lines market via an Alabama-licensed surplus-line broker (the surplus-lines diligent-search requirement applies).", "value_json": { "aiua_area": "south of the 31st parallel in Baldwin and Mobile counties", "aiua_rule": "unable to obtain wind/hail coverage in the private market; OWNER-OCCUPIED dwelling; meets AIUA underwriting/condition standards; flood-insurance compliance if in a FEMA zone", "aiua_exclusions": [ "vacant or unoccupied dwellings", "farm property", "properties with pre-existing damage", "properties in Coastal Barrier Resources Act (CBRA) zones", "non-owner-occupied dwellings (rentals, second homes, investment properties)" ], "inland_route": "no FAIR Plan -- admitted market (AL DOI Consumer's Guide) then E&S/surplus lines", "fair_plan_rule": null }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.aiua.org/about-aiua", "source_name": "Alabama Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-15 (2026-05-16): material exclusions added (owner-occupancy requirement + vacant/farm/pre-existing-damage/CBRA-zone exclusions) confirmed direct from live AIUA FAQ. Prior phrasing omitted all of them — a rental or investment-property owner in Baldwin/Mobile would have read the page and been misled. Confidence raised medium to high." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "AIUA: through an AIUA-authorized Alabama-licensed agent (find-an-agent directory on aiua.org); AIUA does not sell directly to consumers. For an inland hard-to-insure home there is no FAIR Plan to apply to -- work with a licensed Alabama agent who can shop the admitted market (AL DOI Consumer's Guide to Homeowners Insurance) and, if declined, place coverage with an excess & surplus (E&S) carrier through an Alabama-licensed surplus-line broker.", "value_json": { "aiua_channel": "AIUA-authorized Alabama-licensed agent (no direct-to-consumer)", "aiua_info": "https://www.aiua.org/", "inland_channel": "licensed Alabama agent -> admitted market (AL DOI Consumer's Guide) -> E&S / surplus-lines broker" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.aiua.org/", "source_name": "Alabama Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "AIUA authorized-agent channel confirmed on aiua.org FAQ ('consumers must contact an AIUA Authorized Agent'). No inland Alabama FAIR Plan channel exists." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "AIUA: typically more expensive than the private wind market for many coastal risks, with large hurricane percentage deductibles (multiple options); for some high-risk coastal homes it can be the only option. AIUA's About page describes 'significant premium discounts' for FORTIFIED-roof construction without publishing a specific percentage. There is no inland Alabama FAIR Plan benchmark; an inland hard-to-insure home ends up on a surplus-lines E&S form, typically more expensive than the admitted market and on narrower terms.", "value_json": { "aiua": "more expensive than private wind market for many coastal risks; large hurricane deductibles; significant FORTIFIED discount (specific percentage not published by AIUA)", "inland": "no FAIR Plan; surplus-lines E&S fallback typically more expensive, narrower terms", "fair_plan": null }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.aiua.org/about-aiua", "source_name": "Alabama Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-105 (2026-05-15): the prior '~35%+ FORTIFIED discount on wind' specific percentage was unsupported by AIUA's about-aiua page (which only says 'significant premium discounts' without a number). Quantitative claim removed; qualitative claim preserved. Positioning still confidence: low — general industry characterization; not from a specific authoritative pricing source." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Two AIUA structural changes drive the current picture: (1) AIUA non-renewed all fire-coverage policies effective 2023-10-01, so it now writes wind/hail only -- a coastal Baldwin/Mobile homeowner must hold an AIUA wind/hail policy plus a separate ex-wind dwelling policy plus flood; (2) AIUA's maximum dwelling limit rose from $500,000 to $650,000 effective 2025-11-01 (contents 50% of that = $325,000). Per Insurance Information Institute FY2024 reporting, AIUA wrote roughly 18,637 policies (about 18,600 habitational + 37 commercial), with roughly $7.47 billion of exposure and roughly $43.3 million of direct premiums written. Coastal Alabama (Baldwin/Mobile) carriers continue to tighten hurricane-exposure underwriting, raise hurricane percentage deductibles, and non-renew some coastal homes -- pushing more business to AIUA -- alongside statewide homeowners rate increases. Alabama's 'Strengthen Alabama Homes' grant program (up to $10,000 to re-roof to the FORTIFIED standard) and the related mandated FORTIFIED-roof insurance discount (Alabama law requires admitted carriers to give a ~20-60% wind-premium discount by FORTIFIED level; surplus-lines carriers are not obligated) are the key structural levers. Confirm current AIUA assessment/reinsurance figures from AIUA's annual materials.", "value_json": { "aiua_fire_line_exit": "2023-10-01", "aiua_dwelling_cap_increase": "2025-11-01 ($500,000 -> $650,000; contents 50% = $325,000)", "aiua_policies_fy2024_approx": 18637, "aiua_habitational_policies_fy2024_approx": 18600, "aiua_commercial_policies_fy2024_approx": 37, "aiua_exposure_fy2024_approx_usd": 7467000000, "aiua_direct_premiums_fy2024_approx_usd": 43320000, "pressure": "coastal underwriting tightening; higher hurricane deductibles; selective non-renewals", "mitigation": "Strengthen Alabama Homes (FORTIFIED roof grants up to $10K) + mandated ~20-60% FORTIFIED wind discount for admitted carriers (Ala. Code § 27-31D-2; ALDOI discount chart: aldoi.gov/sah/documents/fortified%20insurance%20discount%20discount.pdf)", "source": "III Beach-and-Windstorm-Plans FY2024 table (AIUA is in the windstorm-plan table, not the FAIR-plan table); AIUA FAQ; portalinsurance.com/aiua/; Ala. Code § 27-31D-2 (FORTIFIED mandate)", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Mark Fowler", "title": "Commissioner of Insurance", "confirmed_date": "2023-01-16", "predecessor": "Jim Ridling (retired end of June 2022 after nearly 14 years)", "source_url": "https://www.aldoi.gov/Commissioner.aspx", "source_name": "Alabama Department of Insurance - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 8, "label": "8" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 9, "label": "9" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 7, "label": "7" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 7, "label": "7" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Alabama billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/AL", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/insurance-provided-by-beach-and-windstorm-plans-fiscal-year-2024-1", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute -- Insurance Provided By Beach And Windstorm Plans, FY2024 / Alabama Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "AIUA FY2024 policy/exposure/premium figures from the III Beach-and-Windstorm-Plans table (~18,637 policies / ~$7.47B / ~$43.3M). The 2023-10-01 fire-line exit and the 2025-11-01 cap increase from the AIUA FAQ and well-reported trade coverage. Strengthen Alabama Homes / FORTIFIED discount well-documented (strengthenalabamahomes.com; aldoi.gov; Stateline 2024-06-25; NPR 2025-06-11). Exact assessment/reinsurance figures change yearly -- needs_rescan." }, { "field": "hero_stat_override", "value": "18,637", "value_json": { "label": "AIUA Beach Pool policies in force, FY2024", "amount": 18637, "unit": "policies" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/insurance-provided-by-beach-and-windstorm-plans-fiscal-year-2024-1", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute -- Beach-and-Windstorm-Plans FY2024", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Surfaces AL's residual-market scale (the AIUA / Beach Pool) as the hero stat on the AL page. AL has no inland FAIR Plan, so the default planExists-gated max_dwelling_coverage hero never renders here; the override path bypasses that gate (see [state]-fair-plan.astro:265-267). The 18,637 figure is the III Beach-and-Windstorm-Plans FY2024 policy count -- also surfaced in the recent_changes row above. Mirrors the OK / ID / SD no-plan-state hero_stat_override pattern (HeroStat.astro:130)." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Alabama (Ala. Code §§ 27-22-41 to 27-22-43, Alabama Homeowners Bill of Rights Act, Ch. 22 Art. 3, enacted by Act No. 2012-510; cancellation notice-period rule at Ala. Code § 27-23-23): a property insurer must give written notice of cancellation/non-renewal and may not cancel a policy in effect a certain period except for specified reasons. ALDOI Bulletin 2025-08 (issued February 4, 2026) establishes a three-tier prohibition: (1) effective January 1, 2026, carriers may NOT cancel or non-renew personal or commercial property insurance policies (or automobile policies) if the sole reason is a claim arising from a catastrophe or other related cause; (2) effective February 1, 2026 for new policies, carriers may NOT raise premiums or add a surcharge due to claims from disasters, weather events, or losses from outside the line of business; (3) effective April 1, 2026 for renewals, the same surcharge and premium-tier prohibition applies to renewal policies. The January 1, 2026 outright cancellation/non-renewal prohibition (tier 1) was a material addition to policyholder protections not present in prior phrasing. No statutory authority was cited in the Bulletin itself (interpreted as unlawful trade practices authority). Alabama does NOT have a standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium.", "value_json": { "statute": "Ala. Code §§ 27-22-41 to 27-22-43 (Alabama Homeowners Bill of Rights Act, Ch. 22 Art. 3); § 27-23-23 (cancellation notice-period rule); Act No. 2012-510", "nonrenewal_notice_days": null, "post_disaster_moratorium": "none standing", "homeowners_bill_of_rights": "Alabama Homeowners Bill of Rights Act, Ala. Code §§ 27-22-41 to 27-22-43", "aldoi_bulletin_2025_08": { "issued": "2026-02-04", "title": "Unlawful trade practices - property and automobile insurance - prohibition against certain cancellations, non-renewals, or premium increases", "tier_1": { "summary": "carriers may NOT cancel or non-renew personal or commercial property (or automobile) policies solely because of a catastrophe or other related claim", "effective": "2026-01-01" }, "tier_2": { "summary": "carriers may NOT raise premiums or add a surcharge solely due to claims from disasters, weather events, or out-of-line-of-business losses", "effective_new_policies": "2026-02-01" }, "tier_3": { "summary": "same surcharge/premium-tier prohibition as tier 2 applies to renewal policies", "effective_renewals": "2026-04-01" }, "statutory_authority_cited": null } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=27-22-41", "source_name": "Alabama Legislature (ALISON) - Ala. Code § 27-22-41, Alabama Homeowners Bill of Rights Act (Ch. 22 Art. 3); ALDOI Bulletin No. 2025-08 (regulatory prohibition, aldoi.gov/legal/bulletins.aspx)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-15 (2026-05-16): prior phrasing cited '§ 27-12A' which DOES NOT EXIST. The Alabama Homeowners Bill of Rights Act is at Ala. Code §§ 27-22-41 to 27-22-43 (Ch. 22 Art. 3, enacted by Act No. 2012-510); the cancellation notice-period rule is at § 27-23-23. Per data-verifier-Wave-21 L13g sweep (2026-05-16 ~15:40 PDT): source_url migrated from law.justia.com mirror to ALISON (Alabama Legislative Information System Online) per L13g-CRIT/L19 third-party-mirror ban. Original pre-Wave-15 source was the bare ALDOI homepage (state-DOI L13g-CRIT violation); the mirror was an intermediate fix. ALISON is the Legislature primary. Confidence high. ALDOI Bulletin 2025-08 -- material regulatory change effective Feb/Apr 2026 -- retained; needs_rescan: true to catch the implementing regulation when ALDOI publishes it." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Alabama has not seen wholesale carrier exits; pressure is concentrated on coastal Baldwin/Mobile homes, carriers limiting new coastal business, raising hurricane percentage deductibles, tightening roof-age/proximity-to-coast underwriting, and non-renewing some shoreline properties (a recurring issue since Hurricane Ivan 2004 and Hurricane Sally 2020). No major national carrier had announced a full Alabama homeowners exit as of early 2026. Verify any specific carrier action before naming it.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": null, "action": "no confirmed major-carrier AL homeowners exit as of early 2026; pressure is coastal (Baldwin/Mobile) underwriting tightening, higher hurricane deductibles, selective non-renewals", "date": "2004-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://aldoi.gov/", "source_name": "Alabama Department of Insurance", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No specific carrier-exit announcement verified. Needs manual check." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://aldoi.gov/consumers/homeinsurance.aspx", "value_json": { "url": "https://aldoi.gov/consumers/homeinsurance.aspx", "basic_coverages": "https://aldoi.gov/consumers/BasicCoverages.aspx", "homeowners_bill_of_rights": "https://aldoi.gov/consumers/BillofRightsAct.aspx", "surplus_lines": "https://aldoi.gov/SurplusLineWeb/SLInfo.aspx", "regulator": "Alabama Department of Insurance (aldoi.gov)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://aldoi.gov/", "source_name": "Alabama Department of Insurance", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "CORRECTION: the older /Consumers/HomeownersInsurance.aspx path 404s; the live page is /consumers/homeinsurance.aspx ('Consumer's Guide to Homeowners Insurance'). Related live pages: /consumers/BasicCoverages.aspx, /consumers/BillofRightsAct.aspx, /SurplusLineWeb/SLInfo.aspx." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "Alabama is effectively a 'coastal-wind-pool-only' residual-market state: its sole residual property mechanism is the AIUA (the Beach Pool), and the Insurance Information Institute's FAIR-Plans-by-state table does NOT list a separate Alabama FAIR Plan -- when AIUA is informally called 'the Alabama FAIR Plan', that is just a colloquial name for the Beach Pool. AIUA covers wind/hail only (it dropped its fire line effective 2023-10-01), south of the 31st parallel in Baldwin and Mobile counties; dwelling cap $650,000 (raised from $500,000 on 2025-11-01), contents 50% of that; FY2024 ~18,637 policies / ~$7.47B exposure. AIUA deficits are funded by assessments on member insurers (all admitted AL property insurers, by market share) plus reinsurance for hurricane losses. Alabama is a national leader in FORTIFIED construction: Strengthen Alabama Homes grants (up to $10,000 to re-roof to the FORTIFIED standard, run by the AL DOI) plus a mandated ~20-60% FORTIFIED wind-premium discount for admitted carriers (surplus-lines carriers are not bound by it). AIUA policies carry large hurricane percentage deductibles. For a non-coastal hard-to-insure home the route is the admitted market (AL DOI Consumer's Guide to Homeowners Insurance) then the E&S / surplus-lines market.", "value_json": { "residual_market_structure": "coastal-wind-pool-only; AIUA is the sole residual property mechanism; 'Alabama FAIR Plan' = colloquial name for the AIUA Beach Pool", "iii_fair_plans_table_lists_al": false, "aiua_fire_line_exit": "2023-10-01", "aiua_dwelling_cap_usd": 650000, "aiua_dwelling_cap_effective": "2025-11-01", "aiua_funding": "assessments on member insurers (by market share) + reinsurance for hurricane losses", "fortified": "Strengthen Alabama Homes grants up to $10K + mandated ~20-60% FORTIFIED wind discount for admitted carriers (Ala. Code § 27-31D-2; ALDOI chart at aldoi.gov/sah/documents/fortified%20insurance%20discount%20discount.pdf; surplus-lines exempt)", "inland_route": "AL DOI Consumer's Guide to Homeowners Insurance -> E&S / surplus-lines market" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.aiua.org/about-aiua", "source_name": "Alabama Insurance Underwriting Association / Alabama Department of Insurance / Insurance Information Institute", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "AIUA funding structure, the FORTIFIED program, and the 2023-10-01 fire-line exit / 2025-11-01 cap increase are well-documented (aiua.org; aldoi.gov; strengthenalabamahomes.com; III). Alabama's absence from the III FAIR-Plans-by-state table confirmed by direct fetch. Exact reinsurance/assessment figures change yearly -- needs manual check. See docs/al-fair-plan-check.md." }, { "field": "title_override", "value": "AL title/H1/meta override surfacing the Beach Pool (AIUA) colloquial instead of the default no-plan template", "value_json": { "title": "Alabama Beach Pool (AIUA): wind coverage, who qualifies", "h1": "Alabama Beach Pool (AIUA): what it covers, who qualifies, and inland options", "meta_description": "Alabama's Beach Pool (AIUA) covers wind and hail only in Baldwin and Mobile counties; up to $650,000 dwelling. No inland FAIR Plan; the E&S market is the route." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.aiua.org/about-aiua", "source_name": "Alabama Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "AL's residual market is the AIUA wind-only pool ('Beach Pool'), covering Baldwin and Mobile counties. AL has no inland FAIR Plan; hard-to-insure inland homeowners route through the surplus-lines market. Title surfaces the colloquial; H1 + meta surface the entity name + coverage shape + the inland fallback. Source incident: seo-geo 259-Wave-8 (2026-05-16) — flagged AL as missing the high-volume 'Alabama Beach Pool' query universe; the default no-plan template ranked only for 'Alabama FAIR Plan'." } ] }, { "code": "AR", "name": "Arkansas", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/arkansas-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "no (no residential FAIR Plan / insurer of last resort for homeowners; the Arkansas Rural Risk Underwriting Association is a separate rural-commercial-property mechanism, not a homeowners FAIR Plan)", "value_json": { "status": "no", "residential_fair_plan": false, "other_mechanism": "Arkansas Rural Risk Underwriting Association (ARRUA), rural commercial/business property pool only; volunteer-fire-department subscription notices", "type": "no FAIR Plan; surplus-lines / E&S is the practical fallback for hard-to-insure homes" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.arkansas.gov/industry-regulation/solvency-regulation/surplus-lines-insurers/", "source_name": "Arkansas Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-12", "notes": "Arkansas does NOT have a residential FAIR Plan / insurer of last resort. The Insurance Information Institute's FAIR-Plans-by-state table explicitly EXCLUDES Arkansas; the NAIC FAIR Plans overview does not list Arkansas; multiple consumer sources (insurance.com, U.S. News) state Arkansas has no insurer of last resort for high-risk homes. Arkansas DOES operate the Arkansas Rural Risk Underwriting Association (ARRUA) under Ark. Code Ann. 23-88-301 et seq., but that is a pool for RURAL COMMERCIAL/BUSINESS property (building up to ~$500K, business personal property up to ~$250K, business income up to ~$100K, ~$1M combined per location), it is not a homeowners FAIR Plan. The 2025 legislature considered SB179 to create a FAIR Plan / insurer of last resort but it received no action (per Mitchell Williams 2025 AR insurance legislation summary). NOTE: the prior compact file (ar.json) characterized ARRUA as 'the Arkansas FAIR Plan', that is incorrect; it is a rural commercial mechanism, not a residential FAIR Plan." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "No homeowners FAIR Plan. Closest analogue is the Arkansas Rural Risk Underwriting Association (ARRUA), a rural-commercial-property residual pool, not a residential FAIR Plan.", "value_json": { "residential_fair_plan_name": null, "rural_commercial_pool_name": "Arkansas Rural Risk Underwriting Association", "abbreviation": "ARRUA" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.arkansas.gov/industry-regulation/compliance/property-casualty-insurers/property-casualty-data-reporting-requirements/arrua-annual-submission/", "source_name": "Arkansas Insurance Department: ARRUA Annual Submission page", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Arkansas Rural Risk Underwriting Association (ARRUA) is established by Ark. Code Ann. 23-88-301 to 23-88-309. It writes property insurance for 'insurable rural risk applicants' in geographic areas the governing board designates as 'rural', in practice a rural commercial/business property pool, plus it handles volunteer-fire-department renewal subscription notices. All insurers licensed to transact property insurance in Arkansas (including farmers' mutual aid associations) are members. There is no separately named residential FAIR Plan in Arkansas." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "No homeowners FAIR Plan website exists. ARRUA has no standalone public website; it is administered through the Arkansas Insurance Department (insurance.arkansas.gov), agents file the ARRUA annual premium form via the department's portal.", "value_json": { "residential_fair_plan_url": null, "arrua_admin": "https://insurance.arkansas.gov/", "arrua_annual_submission": "https://insurance.arkansas.gov/industry-regulation/compliance/property-casualty-insurers/property-casualty-data-reporting-requirements/arrua-annual-submission/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.arkansas.gov/", "source_name": "Arkansas Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "There is no 'arkansasfairplan.com' or equivalent, the URL listed in the prior compact file was a guess and does not correspond to a real, official Arkansas residential FAIR Plan (none exists). ARRUA is administered by the Arkansas Insurance Department; the only ARRUA-specific public-facing resource is the department's ARRUA annual-submission page (a reporting form for member insurers). Iowa FAIR Plan's directory of state FAIR Plan websites (iowafairplan.com/links-to-the-fair-plans/) does NOT list Arkansas, consistent with there being no FAIR Plan." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Not applicable, no residential FAIR Plan. For hard-to-insure Arkansas homes the practical market is surplus-lines / excess & surplus (E&S) carriers, whose forms and perils vary by carrier. The ARRUA rural-commercial pool offers a plan of property insurance for rural commercial/business risks (commercial property, business personal property, business income, plus optional debris removal / fire-service charges); ARRUA does not write homeowners.", "value_json": { "residential_fair_plan_perils": null, "practical_fallback": "surplus lines / E&S carriers (forms vary by carrier)", "arrua_commercial": [ "commercial property (building)", "business personal property", "business income", "optional debris removal", "optional fire-service charges" ], "exclusions": [ "flood (never covered)" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.arkansas.gov/consumer-services/consumer-services/consumers-faq/", "source_name": "Arkansas Insurance Department: Consumers FAQ", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No residential FAIR Plan to describe. The Arkansas Insurance Department's consumer FAQ directs homeowners unable to obtain coverage to approved surplus-lines (non-admitted) insurers via a licensed surplus-lines broker. ARRUA's commercial coverage detail (building up to ~$500K, BPP up to ~$250K, BI up to ~$100K, ~$1M combined per location) is from secondary agency sources (martinagencyinc.com) summarizing the ARRUA plan; verify against the ARRUA plan of operation (Ark. Code 23-88-303 / 23-88-306) before publishing those figures." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "Not applicable, Arkansas has no residential FAIR Plan, so there is no FAIR Plan dwelling cap. (For context, the ARRUA rural-COMMERCIAL pool caps building coverage at roughly $500,000 per location, business personal property at ~$250,000, business income at ~$100,000, and ~$1,000,000 combined per location, but ARRUA does not write homeowners/dwelling coverage.)", "value_json": { "residential_fair_plan_dwelling_cap_usd": null, "currency": "USD", "arrua_commercial_building_cap_usd_approx": 500000, "arrua_commercial_bpp_cap_usd_approx": 250000, "arrua_commercial_combined_cap_usd_approx": 1000000, "note": "ARRUA caps are commercial-property caps, not homeowners caps" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.martinagencyinc.com/post/arkansas-rural-risk-underwriting-what-business-owners-need-to-know-0d8d5", "source_name": "Martin Agency: Arkansas Rural Risk Underwriting overview (secondary)", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No residential FAIR Plan dwelling cap exists for Arkansas. The ARRUA commercial caps (~$500K building / ~$250K BPP / ~$100K BI / ~$1M combined per location) are from a secondary agency explainer summarizing the ARRUA plan; treat as approximate pending confirmation from the ARRUA plan of operation. Do not present any of these as a 'FAIR Plan dwelling limit', ARRUA is a rural commercial pool." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "Not applicable, no residential FAIR Plan, so no DIC/wrap construct. Homeowners denied in the admitted market typically buy a full homeowners-type policy from a surplus-lines carrier rather than wrapping a residual-market base policy.", "value_json": { "status": "n/a", "reason": "no residential FAIR Plan in Arkansas" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.arkansas.gov/consumer-services/consumer-services/consumers-faq/", "source_name": "Arkansas Insurance Department: Consumers FAQ", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "DIC/wrap only makes sense where a narrow residual-market base policy exists to supplement. Arkansas has none for homeowners; surplus-lines carriers write their own (often broader) forms directly." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Not applicable to a residential FAIR Plan (none exists). For surplus lines: a licensed surplus-lines broker may place coverage with an approved non-admitted insurer when the admitted market is unwilling/unable to provide it (a 'diligent search'/declination-type requirement under Arkansas surplus-lines law and the federal Nonadmitted and Reinsurance Reform Act of 2010). For ARRUA (rural commercial): the applicant's risk must be located in an area the ARRUA governing board has designated 'rural', the applicant must meet the plan's underwriting standards (approved by the Insurance Commissioner), and the plan must then issue coverage.", "value_json": { "residential_fair_plan_rule": null, "surplus_lines_rule": "diligent search / declination by admitted market; placement by licensed surplus-lines broker with an approved non-admitted insurer", "arrua_rule": "located in a board-designated 'rural area'; meets ARRUA underwriting standards approved by the Insurance Commissioner" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.arkansas.gov/industry-regulation/solvency-regulation/surplus-lines-insurers/", "source_name": "Arkansas Insurance Department: Surplus Lines Insurers", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-12", "notes": "Surplus-lines diligent-search standard from the Arkansas Insurance Department's surplus-lines page and Arkansas surplus-lines statute (Ark. Code Ann. ch. 23-65) as constrained by the NRRA of 2010. ARRUA eligibility from Ark. Code Ann. 23-88-303 / 23-88-306 (via search summaries, Justia/casetext returned 403 during this research; confirm exact statute text)." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "There is no residential FAIR Plan to apply to. A homeowner unable to get an admitted-market policy should work with a licensed Arkansas insurance agent who can place coverage with an approved surplus-lines (non-admitted) insurer through a licensed surplus-lines broker; the Arkansas Insurance Department maintains a list of eligible surplus-lines insurers. For ARRUA (rural commercial property), a licensed Arkansas agent submits the application to ARRUA, administered through the Arkansas Insurance Department. Arkansas Insurance Department consumer line: (800) 282-9134.", "value_json": { "residential_fair_plan_channel": null, "homeowner_fallback": "licensed AR agent -> surplus-lines broker -> approved non-admitted insurer", "arrua_channel": "licensed AR agent -> ARRUA (via Arkansas Insurance Department)", "doi_consumer_phone": "800-282-9134", "doi_url": "https://insurance.arkansas.gov/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.arkansas.gov/consumer-services/consumer-services/consumers-faq/", "source_name": "Arkansas Insurance Department: Consumers FAQ", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Surplus-lines route and the AID consumer phone number confirmed from the Arkansas Insurance Department consumer FAQ and surplus-lines page. ARRUA application route (via agent, administered by AID) confirmed from the AID ARRUA annual-submission page." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "No FAIR Plan benchmark exists. Hard-to-insure Arkansas homes typically end up with surplus-lines carriers at a premium to the admitted market and often on narrower terms (higher wind/hail deductibles, ACV roof settlement). The broader Arkansas admitted market is itself under severe stress: Arkansas posted roughly the second-highest homeowners loss ratio in the U.S. (~144% in 2023), average home premiums rose roughly 15-20% in 2024, and severe convective storms (tornadoes, large hail) are the dominant driver, so even standard-market pricing in much of the state is high.", "value_json": { "positioning": "no FAIR Plan; surplus-lines fallback typically more expensive, narrower terms", "ar_homeowners_loss_ratio_2023_approx_pct": 144, "ar_avg_premium_increase_2024_approx_pct": "15-20", "primary_driver": "severe convective storms (tornado, hail)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.arkansasbusiness.com/article/arkansas-homeowners-face-soaring-insurance-rates-in-2024/", "source_name": "Arkansas Business: Arkansas homeowners face soaring insurance rates in 2024", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Loss-ratio (~144%, second-highest nationally, 2023) and ~15-20% 2024 premium-increase figures from Arkansas Business and corroborating coverage (KARK, NWA Look, Ozk Insurance blog). These are market figures, not FAIR Plan figures (there is no FAIR Plan)." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "No FAIR Plan policy-count data exists because Arkansas has no FAIR Plan (and the III FAIR-Plans-by-state table explicitly excludes Arkansas). 2023-2025 market developments: United Home Insurance Company of Paragould placed in receivership for rehabilitation (Sept 6, 2023), then ordered into liquidation (November 14, 2023); claims paid via the Arkansas Property & Casualty Guaranty Fund. American National announced withdrawal from the Arkansas home-insurance market (Feb 2024). The March 2023 tornado outbreak drove >$489M in insured losses statewide (the Arkansas-specific figure most often cited). The March 13-16, 2025 tornado outbreak generated nationally-estimated $1-3 billion in losses but no separately-reported Arkansas-specific figure has been verified; Arkansas had confirmed ~35 tornadoes through April 2025 against an annual average of ~42. 2025 legislature: SB179 (an alternative funding-mechanism version of the Strengthen Arkansas Homes Act) had no action in committee, not a FAIR-Plan bill; no bill proposing an Arkansas FAIR Plan was filed. SB366/Act 427 created the 'Strengthen Arkansas Homes' FORTIFIED-roof grant program (up to ~$15,000 per home, administered by the Insurance Commissioner). Act 427 was signed April 3, 2025 and self-specifies a January 1, 2026 effective date (overriding the default 91-day post-sine-die rule), which is when the grant program opens to applications.", "value_json": { "fair_plan_policy_count": null, "iii_fy2024_excludes_arkansas": true, "insolvency_united_home_paragould": "Sept 6, 2023 receivership (rehabilitation); Nov 14, 2023 ordered into liquidation; claims via AR P&C Guaranty Fund", "carrier_withdrawal_american_national": "February 2024", "march_2023_tornado_outbreak_insured_losses_usd": 489000000, "march_2025_tornado_outbreak": { "date": "2025-03-13/16", "ef4_count": 2, "counties": [ "Jackson", "Izard" ], "ar_specific_insured_losses": "not separately published; nationwide losses estimated $1-3B" }, "tornadoes_through_april_2025_approx": 35, "strengthen_arkansas_homes_act": { "bill": "SB366 / Act 427 (2025)", "grant_cap_usd": 15000, "signed_date": "2025-04-03", "legal_effective_date": "2026-01-01 (self-specified in the act; overrides Arkansas's default 91-day post-sine-die rule)", "grant_program_opens": "2026-01-01", "administrator": "Arkansas Insurance Commissioner", "primary_source_url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Bills/Detail?id=SB366&ddBienniumSession=2025/2025R" }, "sb179": "2025 session, an alternative (premium-tax-fund) version of the Strengthen Arkansas Homes Act; per Mitchell Williams 2025 AR insurance legislation summary, had no action in committee; NOT a FAIR-Plan bill", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Jimmy Harris", "title": "Insurance Commissioner", "confirmed_date": "2025-11-05", "predecessor": "Alan McClain (retired August 2025 after 5+ years; Harris served as interim commissioner from August until November swearing-in)", "source_url": "https://insurance.arkansas.gov/about/commissioner/", "source_name": "Arkansas Insurance Department - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 8, "label": "8" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 6, "label": "6" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Arkansas billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/AR", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mitchellwilliamslaw.com/2025-arkansas-insurance-legislation-summary-pc", "source_name": "Mitchell Williams: 2025 Arkansas Insurance Legislation Summary (P&C)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "SB179 (an alternative funding-mechanism version of the Strengthen Arkansas Homes Act, withdrawn by its author 2025-03-05, NOT a FAIR-Plan bill; this corrects an earlier mislabel in this file) and SB366/Act 427 (Strengthen Arkansas Homes, FORTIFIED roof grants, effective Jan 1 2026) confirmed from Mitchell Williams 2025 AR insurance legislation summary and the Act 427 text on the Arkansas legislature site. United Home Insurance of Paragould receivership (Sept 2023) and American National withdrawal (Feb 2024) confirmed from Arkansas Business / Covered.com / Ozk Insurance coverage. March 2025 tornado outbreak figures (two EF-4s, ~$489M insured losses, ~35 tornadoes through April) from KARK / Arkansas Business / Ozk Insurance. III table exclusion of Arkansas confirmed from the III FY2024 table footnote ('Excludes the FAIR Plans of Arkansas')." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Arkansas requires written notice of cancellation of a property/casualty policy at least 20 days before the effective date (10 days for non-payment of premium). For personal-lines property/casualty policies (including homeowners), the insurer must send a written notice of non-renewal, or an offer of renewal, at least 30 days before the policy's expiration date. There is no standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium in Arkansas comparable to California's SB 824, though the Insurance Commissioner has issued temporary cancellation/non-renewal moratoria by order following specific declared disasters.", "value_json": { "cancellation_notice_days": 20, "cancellation_nonpayment_notice_days": 10, "nonrenewal_notice_days": 30, "statute": "Ark. Code Ann. ch. 23-89 (property/casualty cancellation & non-renewal; cf. AID Rule/Bulletin on personal-lines renewal-offer notice)", "post_disaster_moratorium": "none standing; ad hoc Commissioner orders only" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/southcentral/2009/08/06/102819.htm", "source_name": "Insurance Journal: Arkansas Details Obligations for P/C Insurance Providers", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "20-day cancellation / 10-day non-payment / 30-day personal-lines non-renewal-or-renewal-offer notice from Insurance Journal and Claims Journal reporting on Arkansas Insurance Department guidance, and from Justia search summaries of Ark. Code Title 23 Ch. 89. Exact statute section numbers were not pinned down in primary text during this research (Justia/casetext 403'd), confirm the precise citation (the personal-lines renewal-offer-notice requirement appears to derive from an AID rule/bulletin in addition to statute). Temporary post-disaster moratoria are issued ad hoc by Commissioner order, not by standing statute." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Yes, Arkansas has seen real carrier stress, unlike most inland states. American National announced withdrawal from the Arkansas home-insurance market in February 2024 after sustained underwriting losses. United Home Insurance Company of Paragould was placed in receivership for insolvency in September 2023 (a small Arkansas-domiciled insurer; claims paid via the Arkansas Property & Casualty Guaranty Fund). Other carriers have responded primarily with rate increases and tighter roof/wind underwriting rather than full exits. The driver is severe convective storm losses (tornadoes, large hail), not wildfire or hurricane.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "American National", "action": "announced withdrawal from Arkansas home insurance market", "date": "2024-02" }, { "carrier": "United Home Insurance Company (Paragould, AR)", "action": "placed in receivership for insolvency; claims via AR P&C Guaranty Fund", "date": "2023-09" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.arkansasbusiness.com/article/arkansas-homeowners-face-soaring-insurance-rates-in-2024/", "source_name": "Arkansas Business: Arkansas homeowners face soaring insurance rates in 2024", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "American National withdrawal (Feb 2024) and United Home Insurance of Paragould receivership (Sept 2023) confirmed from Arkansas Business and corroborating coverage (Covered.com 2025 Arkansas guide, Ozk Insurance blog). These are sourced and dated. Note: because Arkansas has no FAIR Plan, displaced policyholders fell back on the remaining admitted market and surplus lines, not a residual-market plan." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://insurance.arkansas.gov/consumer-services/consumer-services/", "value_json": { "url": "https://insurance.arkansas.gov/consumer-services/consumer-services/", "consumers_faq": "https://insurance.arkansas.gov/consumer-services/consumer-services/consumers-faq/", "surplus_lines_insurers": "https://insurance.arkansas.gov/industry-regulation/solvency-regulation/surplus-lines-insurers/", "regulator": "Arkansas Insurance Department", "main_site": "https://insurance.arkansas.gov/", "consumer_phone": "800-282-9134" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.arkansas.gov/consumer-services/consumer-services/", "source_name": "Arkansas Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-12", "notes": "Arkansas Insurance Department Consumer Services page, Consumers FAQ, and Surplus Lines Insurers page all confirmed live in search results. Consumer hotline 800-282-9134 confirmed from search results." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "No FAIR Plan enabling statute (Arkansas has not enacted one). The rural-commercial residual-market mechanism is the Arkansas Rural Risk Underwriting Association, Ark. Code Ann. 23-88-301 to 23-88-309 (Title 23, Subtitle 3, Chapter 88 (Property Insurance), Subchapter 3 (Rural Risk Underwriting)). Related: cancellation/non-renewal of property/casualty policies under Ark. Code Ann. ch. 23-89; surplus lines under ch. 23-65; the 2025 'Strengthen Arkansas Homes Act' (SB366 / Act 427).", "value_json": { "fair_plan_statute": null, "arrua_statute": "Ark. Code Ann. 23-88-301 to 23-88-309 (Rural Risk Underwriting)", "cancellation_nonrenewal_statute": "Ark. Code Ann. ch. 23-89", "surplus_lines_statute": "Ark. Code Ann. ch. 23-65", "strengthen_arkansas_homes_act": "Act 427 of 2025 (SB366)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.arkansas.gov/industry-regulation/compliance/property-casualty-insurers/property-casualty-data-reporting-requirements/arrua-annual-submission/", "source_name": "ARRUA Annual Submission -- Arkansas Insurance Department (cites Ark. Code Ann. § 23-88-303 and § 23-88-306(d) as the authoritative ARRUA statutory chain)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "ARRUA statutory range (23-88-301 to 23-88-309) confirmed; the AID's ARRUA Annual Submission page is the official Arkansas-government primary that cites § 23-88-303 and § 23-88-306(d) and is the only freely accessible state-government surface for ARRUA statutory authority (arkleg.state.ar.us hosts session-law Acts but not codified statute text; arcode.law.uark.edu was unreachable; the official Code of Arkansas Public Access at advance.lexis.com is paywall-gated). There is no Arkansas FAIR Plan statute, confirmed by the absence of Arkansas from the III FAIR-Plans-by-state table and NAIC FAIR Plans overview (SB179 in the 2025 session was a Strengthen-Arkansas-Homes funding-mechanism variant, NOT a FAIR-Plan bill, withdrawn 2025-03-05). Act 427/2025 (Strengthen Arkansas Homes) confirmed from the Act 427 text on arkleg.state.ar.us. Per data-verifier-Wave-21 L13g sweep (2026-05-16): source_url migrated from Justia mirror to AID per L13g-CRIT/L19; the AID page is the best available official Arkansas-government surface for ARRUA given the lack of free codified-statute access." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "Arkansas is one of the ~16 states with NO FAIR Plan / Citizens-style insurer of last resort for homeowners (along with AK, AZ, ID, ME, MT, ND, NE, NH, NV, OK, SD, TN, UT, VT, WY). The Arkansas Rural Risk Underwriting Association (ARRUA) is the only statutory residual-market property mechanism, and it covers rural COMMERCIAL/BUSINESS property only (and volunteer-fire-department subscriptions), funded by assessments on member insurers, with a nominal cap (~$200/yr) on the mailing-cost assessment. ARRUA was the subject of routine Insurance Department assessment bulletins (e.g. 2005, 2024). SB179, an alternative version of the Strengthen Arkansas Homes Act using a premium-tax-fund mechanism, was withdrawn by its author on 2025-03-05, it had nothing to do with creating a FAIR Plan; no bill proposing an Arkansas FAIR Plan was filed in the 2025 session. Practically, Arkansas homeowners who can't get admitted coverage rely on surplus-lines (E&S) carriers. The state's underlying problem is severe convective storms (tornado, hail), one of the worst homeowners loss-ratio states in the country in 2023-2024, plus carrier withdrawals (American National, Feb 2024) and at least one domestic insolvency (United Home of Paragould, Sept 2023). NOTE: the prior compact file (ar.json) incorrectly described ARRUA as 'the Arkansas FAIR Plan' and listed a guessed website, corrected here.", "value_json": { "no_fair_plan": true, "no_plan_state_group": [ "AK", "AZ", "AR", "ID", "ME", "MT", "ND", "NE", "NH", "NV", "OK", "SD", "TN", "UT", "VT", "WY" ], "only_residual_mechanism": "ARRUA (rural commercial property; volunteer-fire-department subscriptions)", "homeowner_fallback": "surplus lines / E&S carriers", "primary_peril": "severe convective storms (tornado, hail)", "prior_file_correction": "ar.json incorrectly labeled ARRUA 'the Arkansas FAIR Plan'", "fair_plan_bill_2025": "none, no bill proposing an Arkansas FAIR Plan was filed in 2025 (SB179 was a Strengthen-Arkansas-Homes funding-mechanism variant, withdrawn 2025-03-05; an earlier version of this file mislabelled it)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/article/facts-about-fair-plans", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute: Facts about FAIR Plans (Arkansas not listed as having a FAIR Plan)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-12", "notes": "Arkansas's absence from the FAIR Plan landscape is well-corroborated: III FY2024 table footnote, NAIC overview, Insurance.com, and U.S. News all indicate no Arkansas insurer of last resort for high-risk homes. ARRUA's rural-commercial scope and the ~$200 mailing-cost assessment confirmed from the Arkansas Insurance Department ARRUA page and ILSA/NAMIC assessment bulletins. SB179 failure confirmed from Mitchell Williams 2025 summary." }, { "field": "title_override", "value": "Arkansas FAIR Plan: none; FORTIFIED roof grants 2026", "value_json": { "h1": "Arkansas FAIR Plan: none. Act 427 FORTIFIED roof grants launch January 2026", "title": "Arkansas FAIR Plan: none; FORTIFIED roof grants 2026", "meta_description": "Arkansas has no FAIR Plan. Act 427 (2025) launches Strengthen Arkansas Homes FORTIFIED roof grants (up to $15K per home) on January 1, 2026." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Bills/Detail?id=SB366&ddBienniumSession=2025/2025R", "source_name": "Arkansas Legislature, SB366 / Act 427 of 2025 (Strengthen Arkansas Homes)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "title_override per copywriter-205 cross-cutting #1/#2: the prior shared template title was uniform across the 14 batch-14 no-plan states. Differentiates with Arkansas's load-bearing 2025/2026 fact — SB366 / Act 427 (signed April 3, 2025; self-specified effective date January 1, 2026) creates the Strengthen Arkansas Homes program offering up to $15,000 grants per home for IBHS FORTIFIED roof replacement, administered by the Arkansas Insurance Commissioner. Title 52c, body meta 150c. Legislature URL cited per L13g." } ] }, { "code": "AZ", "name": "Arizona", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/arizona-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "no", "value_json": { "status": "no", "note": "Arizona has no state FAIR Plan and no state-backed insurer of last resort for homeowners. The Resiliency and Mitigation Council's 2025 Final Report (Dec 2025) did not recommend creating one; it recommended a mitigation-first multi-stakeholder approach instead." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://difi.az.gov/homeownersinsurance", "source_name": "Arizona Department of Insurance and Financial Institutions (DIFI)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "DIFI's consumer homeowners page directs people who cannot find coverage to the surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S) market via a DIFI-maintained list. The Resiliency and Mitigation Council formed Dec 2, 2024 and reported in Dec 2025 endorsed mitigation over a FAIR Plan." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "no plan", "value_json": { "name": null, "note": "no Arizona FAIR Plan exists; coverage of last resort is the surplus lines / non-admitted (E&S) market, brokered through licensed Arizona surplus lines brokers and processed by the Surplus Line Association of Arizona" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.sla-az.org/", "source_name": "Surplus Line Association of Arizona", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Per A.R.S. § 20-407, a surplus lines broker may place coverage with a non-admitted insurer only after diligent effort has shown the risk cannot be placed in the admitted market. That diligent-effort rule is the practical 'last resort' gate in Arizona." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "no plan website; DIFI consumer page at difi.az.gov/homeownersinsurance is the closest equivalent", "value_json": { "url": null, "doi_consumer_page": "https://difi.az.gov/homeownersinsurance", "sla_az": "https://www.sla-az.org/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://difi.az.gov/homeownersinsurance", "source_name": "Arizona Department of Insurance and Financial Institutions (DIFI)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "There is no Arizona FAIR Plan website because there is no Arizona FAIR Plan. DIFI's homeowners landing page is the official starting point for consumers having trouble finding coverage." }, { "field": "residual_market_structure", "value": "Surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S) market; no FAIR Plan, no JUA, no state-backed insurer of last resort.", "value_json": { "primary_path": "surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S)", "regulator": "Arizona Department of Insurance and Financial Institutions (DIFI)", "stamping_office": "Surplus Line Association of Arizona (SLA-AZ)", "statute": "A.R.S. § 20-407 (diligent-effort requirement)", "no_fair_plan": true, "no_jua": true }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/20/00407.htm", "source_name": "Arizona Revised Statutes Title 20 (Insurance)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "When admitted carriers decline a property, an Arizona-licensed surplus lines broker can place the risk with an eligible non-admitted insurer, after documenting diligent effort to place it in the admitted market. Surplus lines policies are not backed by the Arizona Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Fund, which is a material consumer-protection trade-off." }, { "field": "regulatory_authority", "value": "Arizona Department of Insurance and Financial Institutions (DIFI)", "value_json": { "name": "Arizona Department of Insurance and Financial Institutions", "abbrev": "DIFI", "url": "https://difi.az.gov/", "address": "100 North 15th Avenue, Suite 261, Phoenix, AZ 85007-2630", "rate_authority_note": "DIFI has no statutory authority to set or approve homeowners insurance rates in Arizona; rates are file-and-use. DIFI monitors filings and enforces compliance with Arizona insurance laws." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://difi.az.gov/", "source_name": "Arizona Department of Insurance and Financial Institutions", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Arizona is a 'file and use' / non-prior-approval state for homeowners rates, a structural difference from California (Prop 103 prior approval). DIFI explicitly states it cannot set or approve rates; this matters for any reader expecting a CA-style rate-rollback mechanism." }, { "field": "DOI_contact", "value": "DIFI Consumer Protection Division: (602) 364-3100, 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. M-F. Spanish: (602) 364-2977. File a complaint: https://difi.az.gov/file-a-complaint", "value_json": { "consumer_protection_phone": "(602) 364-3100", "consumer_protection_hours": "9:00 AM to 4:00 PM Mon-Fri (closed state holidays)", "consumer_services_phone": "(602) 364-2499", "spanish_phone": "(602) 364-2977", "fax": "(602) 364-2505", "complaint_url": "https://difi.az.gov/file-a-complaint", "address": "100 North 15th Avenue, Suite 261, Phoenix, AZ 85007-2630" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://difi.az.gov/consumers/help-problem/filing-complaint", "source_name": "Arizona Department of Insurance and Financial Institutions (DIFI)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Phone-number formats and hours verified from DIFI's own consumer complaint pages." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Arizona requires at least 45 days' written notice of non-renewal for homeowners policies (A.R.S. § 20-1676). The accompanying consumer protections sit in two separate statutes: A.R.S. § 20-1632 requires the notice to include a statement of the specific facts constituting the reason for cancellation/non-renewal and notice of the insured's right to complain to the director within 10 days (failure invalidates the cancellation, non-renewal, or limit reduction). A.R.S. § 20-1652(B) requires that if non-renewal or cancellation is based on the condition of the premises, the insured must be given 30 days to remedy. Arizona does NOT impose a standing post-wildfire non-renewal moratorium; DIFI can issue bulletins after a declared disaster but lacks the Lara-style emergency moratorium authority that California has.", "value_json": { "nonrenewal_notice_days": 45, "nonrenewal_notice_statute": "A.R.S. § 20-1676", "specific_facts_and_complaint_right_statute": "A.R.S. § 20-1632", "complaint_window_days": 10, "premises_condition_cure_statute": "A.R.S. § 20-1652(B)", "premises_condition_cure_days": 30, "cancellation_grounds_statute": "A.R.S. § 20-1652", "noncompliance_effect": "invalidates the cancellation, nonrenewal, or reduction in limits (per A.R.S. § 20-1632)", "post_disaster_moratorium": "no standing statutory moratorium", "rate_approval_regime": "file and use; DIFI cannot set or approve rates" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/20/01676.htm", "source_name": "A.R.S. § 20-1676 (notice) + § 20-1632 (specific facts / complaint right) + § 20-1652(B) (premises-condition cure)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-129 (2026-05-15): CRITICAL YMYL correction. The prior value attributed three separate protections (statement of specific facts, 10-day right to complain, 30-day premises-condition cure) all to A.R.S. § 20-1676. A.R.S. § 20-1676 contains only the 45-day notice period. The 'specific facts' and 10-day complaint-right protections live in § 20-1632 (the general cancellation/non-renewal notice statute); the 30-day premises-condition cure lives in § 20-1652(B). A consumer or attorney following the prior citation would not have found the actual protections. All section numbers verified against azleg.gov statute text. Textbook L16b: secondary-source paraphrasing collapsed three statutes into one." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rate_state", "value": "0.8% of policies non-renewed statewide in 2023 (low vs. CA 1.72% and FL 2.99%), but with sharp concentration in wildland-urban-interface counties.", "value_json": { "statewide_2023_pct": 0.8, "ca_2023_pct": 1.72, "fl_2023_pct": 2.99, "data_source": "U.S. Senate Budget Committee data call to 23 insurers (~65% of US Homeowners Multiple Peril market), reported 2024" }, "unit": "%", "source_url": "https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/2025-10/az2170-2025-10-20-25-2.pdf", "source_name": "University of Arizona Cooperative Extension (Duval, Oct 2025) / U.S. Senate Budget Committee", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Headline rate is low, but the underlying data set is the 23-carrier Senate Budget Committee call (~65% of US Multiple Peril market). True rate may be modestly higher once the full Federal Insurance Office (FIO) PCMI data is released; ~80% market coverage in that release." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rate_by_county", "value": "Highest county non-renewal rate observed 2018-2023 was Navajo County at 4.8% in 2022. Other 2022 hotspots: Coconino 2.7%, Gila 2.5%, Apache 1.2%. Greenlee hit 2.1% in 2021.", "value_json": { "method": "homeowners policies non-renewed / policies in force, per US Senate Budget Committee 2024 data call (23 carriers, ~65% of US Multiple Peril market)", "by_county_2022": { "NAVAJO": 4.8, "COCONINO": 2.7, "GILA": 2.5, "APACHE": 1.2, "GRAHAM": 1, "COCHISE": 0.8, "SANTA_CRUZ": 0.8, "YAVAPAI": 0.8, "MARICOPA": 0.7, "GREENLEE": 0.7, "PIMA": 0.6, "MOHAVE": 0.6, "YUMA": 0.6, "PINAL": 0.7, "LA_PAZ": 0.4 }, "share_of_non_renewals_2018_2023": { "MARICOPA": 54.9, "PIMA": 14.6, "PINAL": 8.2, "YAVAPAI": 5, "MOHAVE": 3.5, "NAVAJO": 3.2, "COCONINO": 2.7, "YUMA": 2.3, "COCHISE": 1.8, "GILA": 1.6, "SANTA_CRUZ": 0.9, "GRAHAM": 0.6, "APACHE": 0.4, "LA_PAZ": 0.2, "GREENLEE": 0.1 } }, "unit": "%", "source_url": "https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/2025-10/az2170-2025-10-20-25-2.pdf", "source_name": "University of Arizona Cooperative Extension (az2170, Oct 2025) / U.S. Senate Budget Committee 2024", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Navajo County's 2022 spike (4.8%) is the single most striking figure in the data; Coconino, Gila, and Apache all hit multi-year highs in 2022, lagging the 2020-2021 fire seasons by ~1-2 years. Maricopa is 54.9% of all reported AZ non-renewals 2018-2023 simply by virtue of population, not per-policy risk." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Public reporting (2025) confirms broad carrier-pullback pressure in WUI Arizona (Flagstaff, Prescott, Payson Rim Country, Dewey-Humboldt), with homeowners reporting 22+ admitted-carrier declinations and premium jumps (e.g. $1,450 to $4,500). DIFI's Resiliency and Mitigation Council documented elevated non-renewals in WUI zones. No state-level public list of named carriers exiting Arizona has been issued by DIFI as of May 2026.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "(unnamed admitted carriers)", "action": "rising non-renewals concentrated in WUI zip codes (Coconino, Gila, Navajo, Yavapai counties)", "date": "2022-2024", "source": "U Arizona Cooperative Extension az2170 (Oct 2025) / Senate Budget Committee 2024" }, { "carrier": "(market aggregate)", "action": "homeowner in Dewey-Humboldt reported being rejected by 22 carriers before finding coverage; premium rose $1,450 to $4,500", "date": "2024-2025", "source": "KJZZ News, Feb 5, 2025" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.kjzz.org/politics/2025-02-05/as-wildfire-risk-rises-across-arizona-insurance-companies-are-raising-rates-dropping-coverage", "source_name": "KJZZ (Arizona public radio) / University of Arizona Cooperative Extension", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Carrier-pullback evidence in Arizona is well-documented in aggregate (non-renewal rates, individual stories) but the per-carrier pause/exit announcements that defined the California 2023 narrative (State Farm, Allstate, Farmers, USAA) have not had clear public Arizona equivalents. Confidence is medium because the aggregate pullback is real but the per-named-carrier accounting is not as clean as for CA or CO." }, { "field": "surplus_lines_role", "value": "Arizona is one of the fastest-growing surplus-lines markets in the US; mid-2025 AZ surplus lines premium grew ~18.6% year-over-year, ahead of the ~13% national stamping-office average. For high-wildfire-risk homes, surplus lines is the de-facto coverage-of-last-resort path.", "value_json": { "az_mid_2025_growth_pct_yoy": 18.6, "national_mid_2025_growth_pct_yoy": 13.2, "stamping_office": "Surplus Line Association of Arizona (SLA-AZ), Scottsdale", "tax_rate_pct": 3, "stamping_fee_pct": 0.2, "statute": "A.R.S. § 20-407, § 20-416", "guaranty_fund_note": "Surplus lines policies are not backed by the Arizona Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Fund" }, "unit": "%", "source_url": "https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2025/08/08/834974.htm", "source_name": "Insurance Journal / Wholesale & Specialty Insurance Association (WSIA)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "18.6% AZ growth at mid-2025 from WSIA mid-year report via Insurance Journal. Note: 'surplus lines' includes commercial property, professional liability, etc.; growth is not all wildfire homeowners but the homeowners-in-WUI share is rising. Surplus lines carriers must be on DIFI's eligible non-admitted list and meet financial-condition rules." }, { "field": "average_premium", "value": "Roughly $2,300 to $2,700 per year for a typical Arizona homeowner in 2025, slightly below the US average (~$2,800). Range: ~$1,571 to $7,354 by coverage / location. Phoenix metro tends higher than Gilbert and Mesa; Prescott / Flagstaff / Payson WUI homes can exceed $5,000.", "value_json": { "az_avg_annual_2025_low_usd": 2300, "az_avg_annual_2025_high_usd": 2700, "az_typical_usd": 2602, "us_avg_2025_usd": 2801, "az_range_low_usd": 1571, "az_range_high_usd": 7354, "wui_outlier_example": "Dewey-Humboldt homeowner: $1,450 -> $4,500 / yr (KJZZ, 2025)", "az_rate_increase_5yr_pct": 70, "az_rate_increase_2024_to_2025_pct": 13 }, "unit": "USD", "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/fact-statistic/facts-statistics-homeowners-and-renters-insurance", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute (III) / NAIC Homeowners Insurance Report (data for 2022); current-year estimates derived from Quadrant Information Services rate-filing analysis", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Industry-aggregated dataset. Source aggregators differ by $200 to $400 because of differing dwelling-value assumptions ($300K vs $500K) and coverage limits. The 70% five-year rate increase and 13% one-year 2024-to-2025 jump are from LendingTree's State of Home Insurance 2025 report (Quadrant Information Services data derived from primary carrier rate filings via SERFF). Use the range, not a single point estimate." }, { "field": "wui_exposure", "value": "Arizona has roughly 124,000 homes at moderate or greater wildfire risk per Cotality (2025), ranking 5th US state (after CA 1.3M, CO 319K, TX 243K, OR 128K). Highest-exposure counties: Coconino (Flagstaff), Yavapai (Prescott / Sedona), Gila (Payson Rim Country), Navajo (Show Low / Pinetop-Lakeside), Apache (White Mountains).", "value_json": { "homes_at_moderate_or_greater_wildfire_risk": 124000, "us_rank": 5, "us_rank_note": "Cotality 2025 ranking: CA 1.3M (#1) > CO 319K (#2) > TX 243K (#3) > OR 128K (#4) > AZ 124K (#5)", "highest_exposure_counties": [ "Coconino", "Yavapai", "Gila", "Navajo", "Apache" ], "source": "Cotality 2025 Wildfire Risk Report" }, "unit": "homes", "source_url": "https://markets.financialcontent.com/stocks/article/bizwire-2025-8-19-new-cotality-wildfire-risk-report-finds-more-than-26-million-homes-are-exposed-to-moderate-or-greater-wildfire-risk", "source_name": "Cotality (formerly CoreLogic) 2025 Wildfire Risk Report", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Cotality's 124,000-home figure for Arizona is from their 2025 national wildfire risk report. Methodology is proprietary (FireLine-style risk-scoring); some carriers use Verisk's FireLine or Zesty.ai's Z-FIRE instead, which can produce different parcel-level scores." }, { "field": "catastrophe_history", "value": "Major modern Arizona wildfires affecting homes: Rodeo-Chediski 2002 (467,066 acres, 491 structures, Navajo/Apache); Wallow 2011 (538,049 acres, the largest in AZ history, 32 homes, Apache/Greenlee); Yarnell Hill 2013 (8,400 acres, 129 structures including 127 homes, 19 firefighter deaths, Yavapai); Bush 2020 (193,455 acres, Pinal/Maricopa); Telegraph 2021 (180,757 acres, ~52 structures, Pinal/Gila); Crooks 2023 (~9,300 acres, Yavapai).", "value_json": { "events": [ { "name": "Rodeo-Chediski", "year": 2002, "acres": 467066, "structures": 491, "counties": [ "Navajo", "Apache" ] }, { "name": "Wallow", "year": 2011, "acres": 538049, "structures": 32, "counties": [ "Apache", "Greenlee" ], "note": "largest wildfire in Arizona recorded history" }, { "name": "Yarnell Hill", "year": 2013, "acres": 8400, "structures": 129, "counties": [ "Yavapai" ], "fatalities_firefighter": 19, "estimated_damage_usd": 900000000, "note": "Granite Mountain Hotshots lost June 30, 2013; FEMA noted only ~38% of impacted residences were insured" }, { "name": "Bush", "year": 2020, "acres": 193455, "counties": [ "Pinal", "Maricopa" ] }, { "name": "Telegraph", "year": 2021, "acres": 180757, "structures": 52, "counties": [ "Pinal", "Gila" ] }, { "name": "Crooks", "year": 2023, "acres": 9300, "counties": [ "Yavapai" ] } ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarnell_Hill_Fire", "source_name": "Wikipedia / FEMA / Arizona Department of Forestry and Fire Management", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Acreage and structure-loss figures cross-referenced against Wikipedia summaries of each event. Yarnell Hill's 38% insured-residence rate (FEMA Preliminary Damage Assessment, 2013) is one of the starker insurance-gap data points; half the affected households were also low-income, which compounds the underinsurance problem." }, { "field": "mitigation_credits", "value": "Arizona has NO statutory mandate that carriers credit defensible space, Class-A roofing, or home-hardening; mitigation discounts in AZ are voluntary and carrier-specific. The 2025 Resiliency and Mitigation Council recommended state grants, low-interest loans, and tax credits for mitigation rather than a mandate on carriers.", "value_json": { "mandate": "none", "voluntary_credits_available_from": [ "varies by carrier" ], "council_recommendation": "state-backed financial programs (grants, low-interest loans, tax credits) for mitigation; community-scale fuel reduction; no FAIR Plan", "contrast_state": "Colorado and California both have stronger mitigation-credit recognition rules; Arizona has not adopted similar" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://difi.az.gov/announcementnews/arizona-resiliency-and-mitigation-council-releases-report-homeowners-insurance-0", "source_name": "DIFI / Arizona Resiliency and Mitigation Council 2025 Final Report", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The Council report (Dec 2025) emphasized that 'there is no single all-encompassing solution' and recommended community-scale mitigation plus financial incentives. State Rep. Selina Bliss (R-Prescott) has proposed legislation to require carriers to consider community Firewise efforts when setting rates; as of May 2026 not enacted. Confirm enactment status before publishing prescriptive guidance." }, { "field": "rate_approval_regime", "value": "Arizona is a use-and-file state under A.R.S. 20-385. Carriers may begin using rates immediately upon their effective date and must file them with DIFI within 30 days of effectiveness. DIFI has no authority to require pre-approval of rates before use, except in a noncompetitive market (A.R.S. 20-385(G)), which does not apply to the homeowners market. DIFI may review filings for compliance with the A.R.S. 20-383 standards (not excessive, not inadequate, not unfairly discriminatory) after rates are in use.", "value_json": { "regime": "use and file", "filing_rule": "rates filed with DIFI within 30 days after they become effective (A.R.S. 20-385)", "doi_authority": "review filings for compliance with A.R.S. 20-383 standards after use; no pre-approval except noncompetitive markets per A.R.S. 20-385(G)", "contrast": "California Prop 103 (prior approval) requires DOI sign-off before rate use" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/20/00385.htm", "source_name": "A.R.S. 20-385 (Filing of rates), Arizona Revised Statutes Title 20", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "DIFI states directly on its homeowners page that it 'has no statutory authority to set or approve homeowners insurance rates in Arizona.' This is structurally significant: a CA-style rate freeze or rollback is not available in Arizona without legislative action." }, { "field": "wildfire_data_call_2026", "value": "DIFI's Wildfire Insurance Task Force issued a mandatory data call for residential fire-covering homeowners and dwelling-type policies in heightened-wildfire-risk geographies designated by the Arizona Department of Forestry and Fire Management. Calendar-year 2025 data is due to DIFI by July 15, 2026 (deadline extended from April 1, 2026); the call covers both 2025 and 2026 policy years.", "value_json": { "issuer": "DIFI / Arizona Wildfire Insurance Task Force", "scope": "all residential fire-covering homeowners and dwelling-type policies (admitted and surplus lines)", "geographic_scope": "areas designated as heightened wildfire risk by Arizona Department of Forestry and Fire Management", "data_required": "transactional-level: policy effective and renewal dates, terminations, coverage details", "calendar_year": 2025, "due_date": "2026-07-15", "original_due_date": "2026-04-01", "years_covered": [ 2025, 2026 ], "group_filings": "not allowed (each insurer files separately)", "use": "aggregated, anonymized analysis to support Wildfire Insurance Task Force" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.resourcepro.com/bulletin/arizona-issues-mandatory-homeowners-wildfire-data-call-for-high-risk-areas-in-2025-2026/", "source_name": "ReSource Pro bulletin / DIFI Wildfire Insurance Task Force", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "This data call is the first time Arizona has demanded transactional, ZIP-level policy data from the homeowners market for wildfire-risk geographies. Once collected (April 2026) and analyzed, it will probably reshape DIFI's posture; the Resiliency and Mitigation Council's mitigation-first recommendation can be revisited if the data shows worse availability than the Senate Budget Committee dataset implied." }, { "field": "resiliency_council", "value": "The Arizona Resiliency and Mitigation Council was established by DIFI Director Barbara D. Richardson on Dec 2, 2024, holding 10 public meetings through Sept 2025 and releasing its Final Report in Dec 2025. Convened jointly with the Arizona Department of Forestry and Fire Management; included fire services, cities/towns, counties, and the property and casualty insurance industry.", "value_json": { "established": "2024-12-02", "convener": "DIFI Director Barbara D. Richardson", "co_convener": "Arizona Department of Forestry and Fire Management", "meetings_total": 10, "meeting_window": "2024-12 through 2025-09", "final_report": "Dec 2025", "headline_finding": "no single all-encompassing solution; multifaceted approach including homeowners, communities, insurers, and state working in tandem", "fair_plan_recommendation": "not recommended; mitigation-first approach preferred", "key_premium_data_cited": "AZ HO-3 premium increased ~20% from 2018 to 2022", "key_loss_fact_cited": "90% of homes that ignite in a wildfire become total losses" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://difi.az.gov/announcementnews/arizona-resiliency-and-mitigation-council-releases-report-homeowners-insurance-0", "source_name": "Arizona Department of Insurance and Financial Institutions / Resiliency and Mitigation Council Final Report 2025", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The Council's report (PDF at difi.az.gov/sites/default/files/2025-12/) is the most authoritative current statement of AZ's policy posture. The 90%-total-loss-on-ignition figure is the strongest single data point for the mitigation-first argument." }, { "field": "premium_baseline", "value": "Arizona average HO-3 (the most common homeowners policy form) premium increased about 20% from 2018 to 2022 per the DIFI Resiliency and Mitigation Council 2025 Final Report; aggregated rate-filing data show a roughly 70% increase 2019-2025 (4th-largest in the US), and a 13% increase 2024-2025 alone.", "value_json": { "ho3_increase_2018_2022_pct": 20, "increase_2019_2025_pct": 70, "increase_2024_2025_pct": 13, "us_rank_5yr_increase": 4, "wui_premium_jump_2025_pct": "12-18", "loss_ratio_note": "statewide wildfire payouts have tripled since 2018; insurer loss ratios over 70% in some segments", "reinsurance_pressure": "Jan 2025 reinsurance treaties renewed at double-digit increases" }, "unit": "%", "source_url": "https://difi.az.gov/announcementnews/arizona-resiliency-and-mitigation-council-releases-report-homeowners-insurance-0", "source_name": "Arizona DIFI Resiliency and Mitigation Council 2025 Final Report (20% 2018-2022 figure); Quadrant Information Services rate-filing analysis (70% five-year and 13% one-year figures)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Three sources triangulated: DIFI on the 20% 2018-2022 HO-3 increase (cited in Council report), LendingTree on the 70%/2019-2025 figure (4th-largest in US), and the 13% 2024-2025 jump. WUI-specific 12-18% premium surge from secondary aggregator (insurancebrokersofaz.com); treat the WUI figure as medium confidence." }, { "field": "consumer_guidance", "value": "If admitted carriers decline you in Arizona, your options are: (1) work with a licensed surplus-lines broker who can place coverage with a non-admitted (E&S) carrier, recognizing that surplus-lines policies are not backed by the Arizona Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Fund; (2) check DIFI's list of carriers writing in high-wildfire areas (difi.az.gov/homeownersinsurance); (3) implement defensible space, Class-A roofing, and Firewise USA community participation to attract more admitted carriers; (4) file a complaint with DIFI Consumer Protection at (602) 364-3100 if you believe a non-renewal or cancellation violated A.R.S. § 20-1676 or § 20-1652.", "value_json": { "options": [ "surplus lines via licensed AZ broker (no guaranty-fund backing)", "DIFI's list of high-wildfire-area carriers", "mitigation: defensible space, Class-A roof, Firewise USA", "complaint to DIFI Consumer Protection (602) 364-3100 if statutory non-renewal rules violated" ], "no_fair_plan_fallback": true, "statutes": [ "A.R.S. § 20-1676", "A.R.S. § 20-1652", "A.R.S. § 20-407" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://difi.az.gov/homeownersinsurance", "source_name": "Arizona Department of Insurance and Financial Institutions", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 'no guaranty fund backing' is the most important consumer-protection caveat for surplus-lines homeowners coverage; if the non-admitted insurer becomes insolvent, the policyholder may not be made whole the way an admitted-carrier policyholder would be." }, { "field": "guaranty_fund", "value": "Arizona Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Fund covers claims against insolvent admitted carriers only; it does not cover surplus lines / non-admitted carriers.", "value_json": { "fund_name": "Arizona Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Fund", "covers": "admitted (licensed) property & casualty insurers", "does_not_cover": "surplus lines / non-admitted (E&S) insurers", "statute_basis": "A.R.S. Title 20, Chapter 3, Article 6 (§ 20-661 et seq., principal section § 20-662)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/arsDetail/?title=20", "source_name": "Arizona Revised Statutes Title 20 (Insurance)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Critical consumer-protection delta: a homeowner forced into the surplus-lines market by a wildfire non-renewal loses both rate-review protection (because AZ is file-and-use anyway) and guaranty-fund backstop, while typically paying more for narrower coverage. This is the practical price of Arizona having no FAIR Plan." }, { "field": "key_statutes", "value": "Core Arizona homeowners-insurance statutes: A.R.S. § 20-1676 (notice of nonrenewal, 45 days); A.R.S. § 20-1652 (grounds for cancellation); A.R.S. § 20-1632 (cancellation/nonrenewal/limit reduction, notice to insured, refund of unearned premium); A.R.S. § 20-407 (surplus lines brokers; diligent-effort requirement); A.R.S. § 20-416 (surplus lines tax 3% + 0.20% stamping fee).", "value_json": { "ARS_20_1676": "Notice of nonrenewal: 45 days written notice; statement of specific facts; 10-day right to complain; 30-day premises-condition cure", "ARS_20_1652": "Grounds for valid notice of cancellation; inquiries; definitions", "ARS_20_1632": "Cancellation, nonrenewal and reduction of limits for reasons other than nonpayment; notices; refund of unearned premium", "ARS_20_407": "Surplus lines brokers; diligent-effort requirement for placing risks in non-admitted market", "ARS_20_416": "Tax on surplus lines: 3% surplus lines tax, 0.20% stamping fee" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/arsDetail/?title=20", "source_name": "Arizona Revised Statutes Title 20 (Insurance)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "These statutes are the basis for every consumer-rights conversation in Arizona homeowners insurance. Cite the specific section number when telling a homeowner what their carrier owes them." }, { "field": "post_disaster_protection", "value": "Arizona does not have a standing post-wildfire non-renewal moratorium of the California type (Cal. Ins. Code § 675.1). DIFI may issue bulletins after a declared disaster, but lacks statutory authority to suspend non-renewals across affected ZIP codes by emergency order.", "value_json": { "standing_moratorium": false, "moratorium_authority": "none statutory", "bulletins_after_declared_disaster": "possible; case by case", "contrast_ca": "California Cal. Ins. Code § 675.1 (one-year non-renewal moratorium in declared-wildfire ZIP codes; auto-triggered)", "contrast_co": "Colorado has no standing moratorium either, but Division of Insurance issues bulletins post-event" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/arsDetail/?title=20", "source_name": "Arizona Revised Statutes Title 20", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Verify before publishing: a 2024-2025 legislative session bill (HB / SB) may have proposed a moratorium; State Rep. Selina Bliss (R-Prescott) has signaled interest. Treat 'no moratorium' as accurate for May 2026 but watch the 56th Legislature for changes." }, { "field": "industry_data_sources", "value": "Authoritative AZ-specific datasets for tracking the homeowners-insurance crisis: (1) DIFI Wildfire Data Call (transactional, 2025+; due July 15, 2026 per the deadline extension); (2) U.S. Senate Budget Committee 2024 non-renewal data (23 carriers, ~65% market, county-level); (3) U.S. Treasury Federal Insurance Office / NAIC PCMI Data Call (330+ carriers, ~80% market, ZIP-level 2018-2022); (4) NAIC Market Share Reports for AZ.", "value_json": { "difi_wildfire_data_call": { "level": "transactional, ZIP", "years": [ 2025, 2026 ], "due": "2026-07-15", "scope": "homeowners/dwelling, admitted + surplus, in DFFM-designated high-wildfire zones" }, "senate_budget_committee_2024": { "level": "county", "years": "2018-2023", "carriers": 23, "market_share_pct": 65 }, "fio_naic_pcmi": { "level": "ZIP", "years": "2018-2022", "carriers": "330+", "market_share_pct": 80, "exclusions": "ZIPs with < 10 insurers or < 50 policies" }, "naic_market_share": { "url": "https://content.naic.org/cipr_topics/topic_market_share_reports.htm" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.budget.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/next_to_fall_the_climate-driven_insurance_crisis_is_here__and_getting_worse.pdf", "source_name": "U.S. Senate Budget Committee / U.S. Treasury FIO / NAIC", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Once the DIFI Wildfire Data Call is publicly reported (likely late 2026 or 2027), it will be the gold-standard AZ-specific dataset. Until then, the Senate Budget Committee data (county level) and the FIO PCMI Data Call (ZIP level) are the best public sources; both are cited by the U Arizona Cooperative Extension paper (az2170, Oct 2025)." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Sept 2025: Resiliency and Mitigation Council concludes 10-meeting investigation. Dec 2025: Final Report released; mitigation-first, no FAIR Plan recommendation. Late 2025/early 2026: DIFI issues mandatory wildfire data call (data due July 15, 2026; deadline extended from the original April 1, 2026 per DIFI). Pending: legislation by Rep. Selina Bliss (R-Prescott) to require carriers to consider community Firewise efforts in rate setting and to restrict cancellations for off-property risks; not enacted as of May 2026.", "value_json": { "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-02", "event": "Resiliency and Mitigation Council established by DIFI" }, { "date": "2024-12 to 2025-09", "event": "10 public Council meetings" }, { "date": "2025-12", "event": "Council Final Report released; no FAIR Plan recommended" }, { "date": "late 2025 / early 2026", "event": "DIFI Wildfire Insurance Task Force mandatory data call issued" }, { "date": "2026-07-15", "event": "Carrier data for calendar year 2025 due to DIFI (deadline extended from 2026-04-01)" }, { "date": "2025-2026 (pending)", "event": "Rep. Bliss legislation on community Firewise rate consideration and off-property-risk cancellation restrictions" } ], "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 1, "label": "1" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Arizona billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NCEI, CPI-adjusted)", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Charles 'Chuck' Bassett", "title": "Director of the Arizona Department of Insurance and Financial Institutions", "appointment_effective_date": "2026-01-12", "appointment_announced_date": "2026-01-09", "predecessor": "Maria Ailor (interim director from May 30, 2025); Barbara D. Richardson served as Director from 2023 until the Arizona Senate rejected her nomination in May 2025 (DINO Committee vote April 10-11, 2025; full Senate rejection on a party-line vote May 6, 2025)", "source_url": "https://azgovernor.gov/office-arizona-governor/news/2026/01/governor-katie-hobbs-appoints-chuck-bassett-lead-arizona", "source_name": "Office of the Arizona Governor (appointment press release)" }, "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/AZ", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://difi.az.gov/announcementnews/arizona-resiliency-and-mitigation-council-releases-report-homeowners-insurance-0", "source_name": "Arizona Department of Insurance and Financial Institutions", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "This is the right field to keep current; the next big change will be either (a) Apr 2026 data-call results, (b) a Bliss-style mitigation-credit bill passing, or (c) the Council reconvening if the data call shows worse availability than expected. chartable_series adds NOAA NCEI billion-dollar disaster yearly counts (2014-2024, summed across all 7 categories from https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/time-series-zingchart-config.js?state=AZ); peak year 2021 at 3 events (drought + flooding + wildfire); cumulative window dominated by drought + wildfire." }, { "field": "hero_stat_override", "value": "124K", "value_json": { "label": "Arizona homes at moderate-or-greater wildfire risk (Cotality 2025)", "amount": 124000, "unit": "homes" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.cotality.com/insights/reports/2025-wildfire-risk-report", "source_name": "Cotality (formerly CoreLogic) 2025 Wildfire Risk Report", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Headline number for Arizona — 124,000 homes at moderate-or-greater wildfire risk per Cotality 2025, top-5 nationally. Picked over the 0.8% statewide non-renewal rate (which is low) and the 4.8% Navajo County rate (which is county-scope). The 124K exposure scope is the cleanest national-context fact." }, { "field": "title_override", "value": "Arizona FAIR Plan: none; mitigation council 2025 said no", "value_json": { "h1": "Arizona FAIR Plan: none. The 2025 DIFI mitigation council said no", "title": "Arizona FAIR Plan: none; mitigation council 2025 said no", "meta_description": "Arizona has no FAIR Plan. DIFI's Resiliency and Mitigation Council (Dec 2025) chose mitigation; a wildfire data call is due July 15, 2026." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://difi.az.gov/announcementnews/arizona-resiliency-and-mitigation-council-releases-report-homeowners-insurance-0", "source_name": "Arizona Department of Insurance and Financial Institutions, Resiliency and Mitigation Council Final Report (Dec 2025)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "title_override per copywriter-205 cross-cutting #1/#2: the prior shared template title was uniform across the 14 batch-14 no-plan states. Differentiates with Arizona's load-bearing 2025/2026 fact pair — the DIFI-convened Resiliency and Mitigation Council's Dec 2025 Final Report explicitly declined to recommend a FAIR Plan in favor of mitigation-first measures, and the DIFI Wildfire Insurance Task Force mandatory data call (calendar 2025) is due July 15, 2026 (deadline extended from April 1, 2026). Title 56c, body meta 149c. DIFI URL is correct primary source — the council is a DIFI body, not a legislative one, so L13g doesn't apply." } ] }, { "code": "CA", "name": "California", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/california-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.cfpnet.com/", "source_name": "California FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Statutory insurer of last resort, operating since 1968." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "California FAIR Plan Association", "value_json": { "name": "California FAIR Plan Association" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.cfpnet.com/", "source_name": "California FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "FAIR = Fair Access to Insurance Requirements." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.cfpnet.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.cfpnet.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.cfpnet.com/", "source_name": "California FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": null }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Base dwelling policy is named-peril: fire, lightning, internal explosion, and smoke. Optional endorsements available at additional cost: the Extended Coverage Endorsement (ECE) bundles windstorm or hail, explosion, riot or civil commotion, aircraft or vehicles, and volcanic eruption into a single add-on; vandalism and malicious mischief is a separate optional endorsement. Does NOT include liability, theft, water damage, or flood. Earthquake offered separately via the California Earthquake Authority.", "value_json": { "base_perils": [ "fire", "lightning", "internal explosion", "smoke" ], "optional_endorsements": [ { "label": "Extended Coverage Endorsement (ECE)", "bundles": [ "windstorm or hail", "explosion", "riot or civil commotion", "aircraft or vehicles", "volcanic eruption" ] }, "vandalism and malicious mischief" ], "exclusions": [ "liability", "theft", "water damage", "flood", "earthquake (separate via CEA)" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.propertyinsurancecoveragelaw.com/blog/what-is-the-california-fair-plan/", "source_name": "Property Insurance Coverage Law Blog (California FAIR Plan ECE structure, citing DP0001 policy form)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "ECE bundles windstorm/hail, explosion, riot/civil commotion, aircraft/vehicles, and volcanic eruption into a single add-on (per the DP0001 form). VMM is a separate endorsement. The CFPNET dwelling page (cfpnet.com/policies/dwelling/) lists Fire & Lightning, Internal Explosion, Smoke as base perils and notes optional coverages exist at extra cost but does not name the ECE explicitly; the ECE structural detail is sourced to the law blog citing the DP0001 form. P2 promoted 2026-05-14." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "$3,000,000", "value_json": { "amount": 3000000, "currency": "USD" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/0100-press-releases/2019/release089-19.cfm", "source_name": "California Department of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-13", "notes": "Residential dwelling coverage cap of $3M (doubled from $1.5M) was ordered by Commissioner Lara in November 2019 and took effect April 1, 2020, predates the 2024-25 Sustainable Insurance Strategy. The March 2025 CDI press release (release028-2025.cfm) announces commercial expansion ($20M per building, $100M per location) and references the residential $3M cap as already in place. Correct primary source for the $3M residential cap is CDI press release089-19 (Nov 2019). 17h attribution fix." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "typical", "value_json": { "status": "typical" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.cfpnet.com/policies/", "source_name": "California FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "FAIR Plan itself recommends pairing its policy with a separate Difference in Conditions (DIC) / wrap policy from the standard market to add liability, theft, water damage and other coverages the FAIR Plan excludes. Widely sold by brokers (Aon, Bamboo, etc.)." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Available to property owners who cannot obtain basic property insurance in the standard (admitted) market. Applicant must be unable to secure coverage through normal channels; the FAIR Plan is a last-resort mechanism, not a price-competition fallback.", "value_json": { "rule": "unable to obtain basic property insurance in the voluntary/admitted market" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.cfpnet.com/", "source_name": "California FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "CFP describes itself as 'insurer of last resort... when traditional insurance isn't reasonably available.' California does not impose a fixed 'declined by N carriers' numeric test the way some states do; needs manual check against CFP Plan of Operations for the precise statutory wording." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through a licensed insurance broker/agent who is registered to submit FAIR Plan business. Use the 'Find a Broker' tool at cfpnet.com. Not all brokers are registered with the FAIR Plan.", "value_json": { "channel": "licensed broker", "tool_url": "https://www.cfpnet.com/find-a-broker/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.cfpnet.com/policies/", "source_name": "California FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No direct-to-consumer online application; must go through a registered broker." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market for narrower coverage. The FAIR Plan dwelling policy covers fewer perils (fire-only base) and lacks liability/theft/water damage, so total cost of a FAIR Plan + DIC wrap typically exceeds a comparable standard homeowners policy.", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, narrower coverage" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://uphelp.org/buying-tips/the-lowdown-from-up-on-the-california-fair-plan-the-last-resort-option-for-insuring-your-home/", "source_name": "United Policyholders", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Consumer-advocacy and broker sources consistently describe FAIR Plan as costlier with narrower coverage; some high-risk properties may now find FAIR Plan cheaper than remaining E&S options, hence depopulation difficulty." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Policies in force ~684,388 as of March 2026 (up ~6% since Sep 2025; up ~152% since Sep 2022); total exposure ~$750 billion as of March 2026 (up ~8% since Sep 2025; up ~242% since Sep 2022); written premium $2.02 billion as of March 2026 (up ~4% since Sep 2025; up ~208% since Sep 2022). In May 2026 CDI approved a 29.1% average rate increase (reduced from the 35.8% requested in autumn 2025), effective October 15, 2026, the first FAIR Plan rate to incorporate wildfire catastrophe models and reinsurance costs and the largest approved increase in the plan's recent history. In July 2024 CDI approved a 15.7% increase (FAIR Plan had requested 48.8%). In Feb 2025 a $1B assessment on member insurers was triggered after the LA wildfires (Palisades/Eaton). A March 2026 CDI-brokered settlement reduced State Farm's rental-dwelling rate from 38% to 32.8% (refunds plus 10% interest back to June 1, 2025) and the condo rate from 15% to ~5.8% (refunds); the homeowners 17% rate was upheld. FAIR Plan modernization (raised limits, HOA/builder/farm/commercial expansion) approved 2025 under Commissioner Lara's Sustainable Insurance Strategy.", "value_json": { "policies_in_force": 684388, "policies_in_force_date": "2026-03", "exposure_usd": 750000000000, "exposure_date": "2026-03", "written_premium_usd": 2020000000, "written_premium_date": "2026-03", "rate_filing_pct_requested": 35.8, "rate_filing_pct_approved": 29.1, "rate_filing_status": "approved by CDI at 29.1%; effective October 15, 2026", "rate_filing_effective": "2026-10-15", "prior_increase_pct": 15.7, "prior_increase_date": "2024-07", "member_assessment_usd": 1000000000, "member_assessment_date": "2025-02", "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2019, "value": 124, "label": "124K" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 330, "label": "330K (Sep)" }, { "year": 2025, "value": 669, "label": "669K (Dec)" }, { "year": 2026, "value": 684, "label": "684K (Mar)" } ], "chartable_unit": "thousand policies", "chartable_caption": "California FAIR Plan policies in force (selected fiscal year-ends; CFP / CDI / Assembly Insurance Committee)", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Ricardo Lara", "title": "Insurance Commissioner (8th)", "confirmed_date": "2026-05-15", "predecessor": "Dave Jones (term-limited, left office January 2019)", "source_url": "https://www.insurance.ca.gov/0500-about-us/01-commissioner/", "source_name": "California Department of Insurance - Commissioner" }, "chartable_source_url": "https://www.cfpnet.com/key-statistics-data/", "chartable_source_name": "California FAIR Plan Association - Key Statistics & Data" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.ca.gov/0250-insurers/0500-legal-info/0700-commissioners-orders/upload/FAIR-Plan-Stipulation-and-Order-2026-2.pdf", "source_name": "California Department of Insurance - FAIR Plan Stipulation and Order No. 2026-2", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier 72 (Group A, 2026-05-14): the 35.8% rate filing was originally targeted for spring 2026 but remains under CDI review at that time. Updated 'rate_filing_effective' → 'rate_filing_status: pending CDI review' to avoid the implication that the increase has taken effect. Set needs_rescan: true so the filing's resolution (approval / partial / denial) gets caught quickly." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "California Insurance Code section 675.1 (enacted by SB 824, 2018): residential property insurers cannot cancel or non-renew a policy for one year following a Governor-declared wildfire state of emergency, for properties in the fire perimeter or adjacent ZIP codes identified by CDI/CAL FIRE/Cal OES, applies to all residential policyholders in the affected ZIPs who suffer less than a total loss (including no loss). SB 547 extended this protection to commercial policies effective Jan 1, 2026. Separately, under the 2024-25 Sustainable Insurance Strategy, insurers writing new business in distressed/wildfire areas must write at least 85% of their statewide market share in those areas.", "value_json": { "statute": "Cal. Ins. Code 675.1 (SB 824, 2018)", "moratorium_length_months": 12, "trigger": "Governor-declared wildfire state of emergency", "scope": "fire perimeter + adjacent ZIPs, residential, less-than-total-loss", "commercial_extension": "SB 547 eff. 2026-01-01" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.ca.gov/01-consumers/140-catastrophes/MandatoryOneYearMoratoriumNonRenewals.cfm", "source_name": "California Department of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "CDI maintains a ZIP-code lookup for current moratorium areas. Multiple 2025 moratoriums declared (LA fires Jan 2025, Sierra foothills, Mono/Inyo, etc.)." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "State Farm General: stopped accepting new homeowners/property & casualty applications statewide effective May 27, 2023; non-renewed ~30,000 homeowners and ~42,000 commercial apartment policies in 2024; received 17% emergency interim rate increase on homeowners effective June 1, 2025 (alongside 38% on rental dwelling and 15% on condo, and ~6.9% earlier 2025), conditioned on halting new block non-renewals through end of 2025. A March 2026 CDI-brokered settlement reduced the rental-dwelling rate from 38% to 32.8% (refunds plus 10% interest back to June 1, 2025) and the condo rate from 15% to ~5.8% (refunds). Allstate: paused new homeowners applications in California in November 2022. Farmers: capped new homeowners policy volume in California in July 2023 at 9,500 new policies per month; removed the cap entirely effective November 21, 2025 and is now writing new homeowners, condo, and renters policies statewide without a volume limit. USAA, Chubb, Travelers and others have also restricted new business or non-renewed in brush zones. Liberty Mutual stopped writing new BOP (commercial) policies in California in July 2023 and stopped new Liberty-Mutual-brand condo/renters policies in late 2023; their Safeco homeowners line continued writing California through 2025.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "State Farm General", "action": "paused new homeowners + P&C applications statewide", "date": "2023-05-27" }, { "carrier": "State Farm General", "action": "non-renewed ~30,000 homeowners + ~42,000 commercial apartment policies", "date": "2024" }, { "carrier": "Allstate", "action": "paused new homeowners applications statewide", "date": "2022-11", "source_url": "https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2022/11/03/693022.htm", "source_name": "Insurance Journal (Allstate Q3 2022 earnings call, Nov 3 2022; Mario Rizzo, president of Property-Liability, confirmed Allstate would no longer write new homeowners and condo business in California)" }, { "carrier": "Farmers", "action": "capped new homeowners policy volume at 9,500 new policies/month", "date": "2023-07" }, { "carrier": "Farmers", "action": "removed monthly volume cap entirely; resumed writing new homeowners, condo, and renters policies statewide without limit", "date": "2025-11-21", "source_url": "https://newsroom.farmers.com/2025-11-21-In-Major-Move-to-Expand-Growth,-Farmers-Insurance-R-to-Remove-Cap-on-Writing-New-Homeowners-Insurance-Policies-in-California-and-Submits-New-Rating-Plan", "source_name": "Farmers Insurance Newsroom (press release Nov 21, 2025)" }, { "carrier": "Liberty Mutual", "action": "stopped new BOP (commercial) policies in CA; stopped new Liberty-Mutual-brand condo/renters policies (Safeco homeowners line remained active)", "date": "2023-07" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://newsroom.farmers.com/2025-11-21-In-Major-Move-to-Expand-Growth,-Farmers-Insurance-R-to-Remove-Cap-on-Writing-New-Homeowners-Insurance-Policies-in-California-and-Submits-New-Rating-Plan", "source_name": "Farmers Insurance Newsroom (press release Nov 21, 2025)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Liberty Mutual reclassified 2026-05-13: did NOT exit CA homeowners. Stopped new BOP (commercial) July 2023 and stopped new Liberty-Mutual-brand condo/renters late 2023, but their Safeco homeowners line continued writing CA. State Farm date confirmed by State Farm newsroom and CDI; Allstate Nov 2022 + Farmers July 2023 widely reported. State Farm's June 2025 17% rate hike confirmed by CDI." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://www.insurance.ca.gov/01-consumers/200-wrr/California-FAIR-Plan.cfm", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.insurance.ca.gov/01-consumers/200-wrr/California-FAIR-Plan.cfm" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.ca.gov/01-consumers/200-wrr/California-FAIR-Plan.cfm", "source_name": "California Department of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-13", "notes": "CDI's active California FAIR Plan consumer page. Replaces the prior /01-consumers/105-type/95-guides/03-res/ deep link, which CDI's reorganisation rendered dead (17h fix). Single-page CDI explainer (Jan 2025 fact sheet) at https://www.insurance.ca.gov/01-consumers/200-wrr/upload/CDI-Fact-Sheet-Summary-on-Residential-Insurance-Policies-and-the-FAIR-Plan-v-011325-2.pdf." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "California FAIR Plan is a syndicated pool of all admitted property insurers in the state; deficits are funded by member assessments (and, under 2025 reforms, partially recoverable via a temporary surcharge on policyholders statewide). It is NOT a state agency and NOT backed by the state general fund. The Sustainable Insurance Strategy (2024-2025) introduced: catastrophe modeling in rate filings, reinsurance cost pass-through, the 85%-of-market-share writing requirement in distressed areas, and FAIR Plan limit increases. After the January 2025 LA wildfires (Palisades + Eaton fires) the FAIR Plan faced ~$4B+ in claims and levied a $1B assessment on members in Feb 2025, the first assessment since 1994.", "value_json": { "structure": "syndicated pool of admitted insurers; member-assessment funded; not state-backed", "reform": "Sustainable Insurance Strategy 2024-2025", "la_fires_2025": { "events": [ "Palisades Fire", "Eaton Fire" ], "fair_plan_assessment_usd": 1000000000, "assessment_date": "2025-02" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.cfpnet.com/about-fair-plan/", "source_name": "California FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-13", "notes": "Structural facts well-established. The CFPNET About page moved from /about-us/ to /about-fair-plan/ in their reorganisation (17h fix). Legal basis: Cal. Ins. Code §10090 et seq., specifically §10094 (insurer participation mandate) + §10091(a) / §10095(a) (membership obligation). 2025 assessment-recoupment surcharge mechanics also documented in CDI Bulletin 2025-4 (https://www.insurance.ca.gov/0250-insurers/0300-insurers/0200-bulletins/bulletin-notices-commiss-opinion/upload/Bulletin-2025-4-Updated-Guidance-regarding-Insurer-Recoupment-Procedures-in-Response-to-Assessment-by-the-FAIR-Plan.pdf). Exact LA fire claims figure ($4B+) is an estimate from news reporting and may have been revised, needs manual check for a precise current figure." }, { "field": "hero_stat_override", "value": "684K", "value_json": { "label": "Policies in force, California FAIR Plan", "amount": 684000, "unit": "policies" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.cfpnet.com/key-statistics-data/", "source_name": "California FAIR Plan Association, Key Statistics page", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Headline number rendered in the HeroStat replacing the $3M cap. Per data-verifier-110 (2026-05-15): the prior source_url (cfpnet.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2024-AnnualReport.pdf) is dead (404); replaced with the live cfpnet.com/key-statistics-data/ page which directly publishes the in-force policy count (684,388 as of March 2026, combined dwelling + commercial). The 684K story is the most reach-tested in homeowner press and the most arresting to the Denise/Marcus personas (qa-auditor P1-2 + ui-ux MEDIUM-5, 2026-05-14)." } ] }, { "code": "CO", "name": "Colorado", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/colorado-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "note": "legislated 2023, board seated 2024, began accepting applications April 10, 2025" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/hb23-1288", "source_name": "Colorado General Assembly / Colorado Division of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Colorado FAIR Plan Association created by HB23-1288 (signed May 12, 2023). Board appointed Jan 2024; Plan of Operation approved by the Division of Insurance July 26, 2024; began accepting residential applications April 10, 2025; first policies bound mid-2025. NOTE: earlier task framing said 'in progress / launching 2025-26', it is now LIVE (since April 2025)." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Colorado FAIR Plan Association", "value_json": { "name": "Colorado FAIR Plan Association" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.coloradofairplan.com/", "source_name": "Colorado FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "An unincorporated public entity created by statute (HB23-1288)." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.coloradofairplan.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.coloradofairplan.com/", "phone": "(833) 554-5425" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.coloradofairplan.com/", "source_name": "Colorado FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": null }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Base policy (modified ISO Dwelling Property Basic / DP-1 style form, CFP DP 00 01 01 25) covers ONLY fire and lightning, on an actual-cash-value basis, no replacement-cost option, no liability, no loss of use / additional living expenses. Optional 'extended coverage' endorsements can add windstorm, hail, explosion, riot/civil commotion, vehicles, smoke, volcanic eruption, vandalism and malicious mischief. Does NOT cover theft, flood, or earthquake at all. (Hail and vandalism are NOT in the base policy, they are optional add-ons.)", "value_json": { "base_perils": [ "fire", "lightning" ], "settlement_basis": "actual cash value (no replacement cost option)", "optional_endorsements": [ "windstorm", "hail", "explosion", "riot/civil commotion", "vehicles", "smoke", "volcanic eruption", "vandalism and malicious mischief" ], "never_covered": [ "theft", "flood", "earthquake", "liability", "loss of use / ALE" ], "form": "CFP DP 00 01 01 25 (modified ISO DP-1)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://uphelp.org/buying-tips/the-colorado-fair-plan-a-last-resort-option-for-insuring-your-home/", "source_name": "United Policyholders / Colorado FAIR Plan", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Base = fire/lightning/ACV, no liability/ALE/replacement-cost; wind/hail/vandalism as optional endorsements, from United Policyholders analysis and PropertyCasualty360 contract analysis of the CFP DP form." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "$750,000 combined limit for dwelling + contents (residential). Commercial: $5,000,000 maximum (ACV), matching the HB23-1288 statutory ceiling.", "value_json": { "residential_combined": 750000, "commercial_max": 5000000, "currency": "USD", "note": "residential cap is a COMBINED dwelling+contents limit, not dwelling-only; commercial cap is $5M per HB23-1288 and confirmed at launch by multiple 2025 secondary sources" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/hb23-1288", "source_name": "Colorado General Assembly, HB23-1288 (enabling act; statutory ceiling)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-158 (2026-05-15): the prior $2M operative / $5M ceiling distinction rested on a single July 2025 Colorado Sun article written at the plan's soft launch and is contradicted by two subsequent secondary sources (a secondary aggregator, ClaimsMate) both reporting $5M as the operative commercial limit, consistent with HB23-1288. The Plan of Operation PDF could not be retrieved (DOI page returned 403; coloradofairplan.com/consumer-commercial returned 404) to adjudicate definitively. Reverted to a single $5M figure; downgraded to medium confidence + needs_rescan: true for a primary Plan-of-Operation retrieval. Source_url swapped to HB23-1288 primary statutory text (the marketplace a secondary aggregator URL would now fail the DQG D9 source-denylist check; the statute itself is the primary source for the ceiling). Residential combined cap of $750K unchanged and confirmed." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "typical / recommended", "value_json": { "status": "typical" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://uphelp.org/buying-tips/the-colorado-fair-plan-a-last-resort-option-for-insuring-your-home/", "source_name": "United Policyholders", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Because the Colorado FAIR Plan base policy is fire-only, ACV, with no liability/ALE/replacement cost, consumer advocates strongly recommend pairing it with a separate Difference in Conditions (DIC) / wrap policy and/or excess from the E&S market to add liability, theft, water damage, ALE, and replacement-cost coverage, explicitly modeled on the California FAIR Plan + DIC pattern." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Applicant must show they were rejected/declined for property insurance by at least THREE admitted (private) insurers, AND must not have a current offer of coverage from an admitted insurer (even an expensive one disqualifies, if a private insurer has offered to cover you, even at a high price, you are not eligible). Property must meet the FAIR Plan's underwriting/condition standards.", "value_json": { "declinations_required": 3, "disqualifier": "any current admitted-carrier offer (even at high price)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.coloradofairplan.com/eligibility", "source_name": "Colorado FAIR Plan Association / Colorado Division of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "3-declination requirement and the 'any private offer disqualifies' rule from coloradofairplan.com/eligibility and Colorado Sun / a secondary aggregator reporting." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through a licensed Colorado insurance producer/agent. The Colorado FAIR Plan does not sell directly to consumers; agents submit applications. Customer Care: (833) 554-5425, Mon-Fri 8:30am-5:00pm MT.", "value_json": { "channel": "licensed Colorado producer/agent", "consumer_resources": "https://www.coloradofairplan.com/", "phone": "(833) 554-5425" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.coloradofairplan.com/", "source_name": "Colorado FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": null }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market for far narrower coverage (fire-only base, ACV, no liability/ALE/replacement cost, so the FAIR Plan + a DIC wrap + endorsements typically costs more than a comparable standard homeowners policy). Designed as a true last resort, not a price-competition fallback.", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, much narrower coverage; intentionally a last resort" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://uphelp.org/buying-tips/the-colorado-fair-plan-a-last-resort-option-for-insuring-your-home/", "source_name": "United Policyholders (UP): Colorado FAIR Plan consumer guide", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Qualitative positioning (FAIR Plan as a last resort with narrower coverage than the voluntary market) sourced to United Policyholders' consumer guide on the CO FAIR Plan, which characterizes the program in exactly those terms. Prior source was a a secondary aggregator marketplace page; UP is a 501(c)(3) consumer advocacy primary source and the better attribution." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Colorado FAIR Plan: created by HB23-1288 (signed May 12, 2023); board appointed Jan 2024; Plan of Operation approved July 26, 2024; began accepting residential applications April 10, 2025. Policy count growth: 31 properties covered as of July 14, 2025 (Colorado Sun); 55 policies as of approximately August 8, 2025 (E&E News, quoting Executive Director Kelly Campbell); approximately 140 policies in force across 34 counties by December 2025 (CPR / Colorado Public Radio, Jan 2026). HB25-1205 (signed April 17, 2025): clarifies the FAIR Plan Association is not a state entity and not an insurance company; grants liability immunity to member insurers, the association, its agents, employees, and board members for actions taken in performing their duties; limits policyholder remedies to breach-of-contract or breach-of-good-faith claims. SB26-155 (signed June 4, 2026, effective August 12, 2026): creates the Strengthen Colorado Homes Enterprise within the Division of Insurance; imposes a 0.5% annual fee on homeowners insurance premiums collected from Colorado policyholders; directs at least 85% of revenue as grants to homeowners for installation of resilient (hail-resistant) roof systems; also funds workforce training, contractor standards, and a wildfire-risk study; revenue cap $100M/year in first five years. SB26-155 is a direct legislative output of the Polis/Conway Roadmap announced April 24, 2026. Backdrop: Colorado homeowners premiums roughly doubled (~+100%) 2018-2024; Colorado has one of the highest average homeowners premiums in the US (~$4,600/yr). The Marshall Fire (Dec 2021, 1,084 homes) and severe hail accelerated carrier pullback in foothills/wildland-urban-interface zones. Colorado also passed wildfire-mitigation incentive laws. On 2026-04-24 Governor Polis and Commissioner Mike Conway announced a new 'Roadmap to Reduce Homeowners Insurance: Saving Colorado Homeowners Money,' targeting an $800/yr cut to the average premium and a move from 6th- to 13th-most-expensive state by end of 2027. Colorado runs a mitigation/insurance disclosure regime requiring carriers to credit defensible-space/home-hardening work.", "value_json": { "created": "2023-05-12 (HB23-1288)", "board_appointed": "2024-01", "plan_of_operation_approved": "2024-07-26", "applications_open": "2025-04-10", "policies_bound_by_2025_07_14": 31, "policies_bound_by_2025_08": 55, "policies_bound_by_2025_12": 140, "hb25_1205": { "signed": "2025-04-17", "summary": "Clarifies FAIR Plan Association is not a state entity; grants liability immunity to member insurers, association, agents, employees, board members; limits policyholder remedies to breach-of-contract or breach-of-good-faith claims", "source_url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/hb25-1205" }, "sb26_155": { "signed": "2026-06-04", "effective": "2026-08-12", "name": "Strengthen Colorado Homes Enterprise", "fee_pct_on_ho_premiums": 0.5, "grant_pct_of_revenue": 85, "revenue_cap_usd": 100000000, "purpose": "grants to homeowners for resilient/hail-resistant roof installation; workforce training; contractor standards; wildfire-risk study", "source_url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/SB26-155" }, "polis_conway_roadmap_2026_04_24": { "announced": "2026-04-24", "name": "Roadmap to Reduce Homeowners Insurance: Saving Colorado Homeowners Money", "premium_cut_target_usd_per_year": 800, "national_rank_target": "from 6th-most-expensive to 13th-most-expensive by end of 2027" }, "co_ho_premium_increase_2018_2024_pct": 100, "co_avg_ho_premium_approx_usd": 4600, "key_event": "Marshall Fire (2021-12, 1,084 homes)", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Michael Conway", "title": "Insurance Commissioner", "confirmed_date": "2019-01-22", "predecessor": "Marguerite Salazar (served 2013-2017; resigned mid-2017 to focus on her DORA Executive Director role)", "source_url": "https://doi.colorado.gov/colorado-insurance-commissioner", "source_name": "Colorado Division of Insurance - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 8, "label": "8" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 6, "label": "6" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Colorado billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/CO", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/SB26-155", "source_name": "Colorado General Assembly - SB26-155; Colorado General Assembly - HB25-1205; E&E News (Aug 2025 policy count); Colorado Public Radio (Dec 2025 policy count); governorsoffice.colorado.gov", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier-120 (2026-05-15): (1) policies_bound_by_2025_07 was paraphrased as 'more than two dozen families' when the cited Colorado Sun source contains the specific figure (31 properties as of 2025-07-14); replaced with the specific number per data-desk register. (2) Polis 'roadmap' had drifted from a 2024-2025 framing to the actual April 24 2026 announcement — captured the live Polis/Conway 'Roadmap to Reduce Homeowners Insurance' with the $800/yr target and 2027 rank goal. needs_rescan: true to catch progress against the roadmap target. Premium-increase / ~$4,600 figures from CSU REDI / ClaimsMate / a secondary aggregator state data. Marshall Fire facts well-documented." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Colorado (C.R.S. § 10-4-110.7 and related; 3 CCR 702-4): a homeowners insurer must give at least 60 days' written notice of non-renewal, and may not cancel a policy in effect 60+ days except for specified reasons. Colorado does NOT have a standing post-wildfire non-renewal moratorium like California, but 2023-2024 legislation (e.g. requirements that carriers consider mitigation and provide loss-history/mitigation disclosures) restricts how risk can be priced/declined; the Division of Insurance has issued bulletins after major fires. Colorado also requires insurers to offer (and policyholders to be told about) certain extended replacement-cost and additional-living-expense options after a declared wildfire.", "value_json": { "statute": "C.R.S. § 10-4-110.7 et seq.; 3 CCR 702-4", "nonrenewal_notice_days": 60, "cancellation_protection_after_days": 60, "post_wildfire_moratorium": "none standing; Division bulletins + mitigation-disclosure requirements" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://coloradosun.com/2025/01/19/colorado-home-insurance-nonrenewals-crisis/", "source_name": "The Colorado Sun / Colorado Division of Insurance", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "60-day non-renewal notice and the general structure are approximate, VERIFY exact current text of the relevant C.R.S. / Colorado insurance regulations before publishing precise numbers. Treat as needs-manual-check." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "State Farm: stopped accepting new homeowners applications in Colorado in May 2023 (statewide, same action as CA); existing policies renew but with large increases in wildfire zones (reported 40-120%). Allstate: paused new homeowners business in high-risk wildfire areas of Colorado in 2023; renewals continue at 60-150% rate increases. American National Insurance: stopped offering homeowners insurance in Colorado. Numerous regional/specialty carriers tightened or stopped writing in foothills / wildland-urban-interface zones (Boulder County, El Paso County mountain areas, etc.) following the Marshall Fire and severe-hail losses; some homeowners in high-risk zones report 150-300% increases or non-renewal.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "State Farm", "action": "stopped accepting new homeowners applications statewide", "date": "2023-05" }, { "carrier": "Allstate", "action": "paused new homeowners business in high-risk wildfire areas", "date": "2023" }, { "carrier": "American National Insurance", "action": "stopped offering homeowners insurance in Colorado", "date": "2023-2024" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.cpr.org/2024/12/27/colorado-homeowners-insurance-going-up-blame-natural-disasters/", "source_name": "Colorado Public Radio / Colorado Sun", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "State Farm May 2023 statewide pause confirmed by State Farm newsroom (same action as CA). Allstate high-risk-area pause and American National exit from CPR / Inszone / agency reporting. Confirm dates before publishing." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://doi.colorado.gov/insurance-products/homeowners", "value_json": { "url": "https://doi.colorado.gov/insurance-products/homeowners", "fair_plan_page": "https://doi.colorado.gov/insurance-products/homeowners/renters-insurance/fair-access-to-insurance-requirements-fair-plan", "regulator": "Colorado Division of Insurance (DORA)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.colorado.gov/", "source_name": "Colorado Division of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Colorado DOI maintains a dedicated FAIR Plan page." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "The Colorado FAIR Plan is funded by premiums plus assessments on member insurers (all admitted CO property insurers, by market share); it buys reinsurance for catastrophe losses. Because it is brand new (2025) it has a tiny book and limited claims history. Colorado pairs the FAIR Plan with a wildfire-mitigation push: the state's home-hardening / defensible-space programs (e.g. the Wildfire Resiliency Code Board, state mitigation grants) and a requirement that insurers recognize mitigation in pricing, the FAIR Plan is meant to be the floor while mitigation + the private market do the heavy lifting. Colorado HB23-1288 also created a related parametric/earthquake feasibility study and other provisions. As of 2026 the FAIR Plan's policy form (CFP DP) and exclusions are being actively analyzed by the insurance bar (PropertyCasualty360 ran a multi-part contract analysis Jan 2026).", "value_json": { "funding": "premium + member-insurer assessments + reinsurance", "status": "brand-new (2025), small book", "mitigation_link": "state wildfire-mitigation programs + mandatory mitigation-in-pricing recognition", "form_under_analysis": "CFP DP form analyzed by PropertyCasualty360, Jan 2026" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.propertycasualty360.com/fcs/2026/01/19/colorado-fair-plan-contract-analysis-part-3---exclusions/", "source_name": "PropertyCasualty360 / Colorado Division of Insurance", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Funding structure per HB23-1288 / Plan of Operation. Mitigation linkage well-documented. Exact assessment/reinsurance figures not yet meaningful given the plan's age." } ] }, { "code": "CT", "name": "Connecticut", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/connecticut-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ctfairplan.com/", "source_name": "Connecticut FAIR Plan", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Connecticut's FAIR Plan is the Connecticut FAIR Plan (a.k.a. the Connecticut Property Insurance Placement Facility). A joint underwriting facility of all admitted Connecticut property insurers, created to conform to the federal Urban Property Protection and Reinsurance Act of 1968 and operated under Conn. Gen. Stat. Title 38a (§ 38a-328) and Insurance Department regulations §§ 38a-328-1 et seq. Verified on the plan's own site (ctfairplan.com), PropertyCasualty360's State FAIR Plans reference (July 2024), and the III FAIR-Plans-by-state table." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Connecticut FAIR Plan (Connecticut Property Insurance Placement Facility)", "value_json": { "name": "Connecticut FAIR Plan", "formal_name": "Connecticut Property Insurance Placement Facility" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ctfairplan.com/", "source_name": "Connecticut FAIR Plan", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "The plan brands itself 'Connecticut FAIR Plan' on ctfairplan.com; the underlying regulatory entity is the 'Connecticut Property Insurance Placement Facility' (Conn. Agencies Regs. §§ 38a-328-1 et seq.). It also administers the Coastal Market Assistance Program (C-MAP) for coastal homeowners (the same way NY's FAIR Plan administrator runs that state's C-MAP)." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.ctfairplan.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.ctfairplan.com/", "general_info": "https://www.ctfairplan.com/general-information.html", "producers": "https://www.ctfairplan.com/producers.html", "consumers": "https://www.ctfairplan.com/consumers.html" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ctfairplan.com/general-information.html", "source_name": "Connecticut FAIR Plan", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "ctfairplan.com confirmed live and is the official site (verified by fetch May 2026). Do NOT confuse with cfpnet.com, which is the CALIFORNIA FAIR Plan ('CFP'). The 'general-information.html' page carries the coverage limits, perils, and the coastal hurricane-deductible rule." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Very basic named-peril property coverage on ISO Dwelling Fire form DP 00 01 (basic form). Standard perils: fire or lightning, internal explosion, plus Extended Coverage (windstorm/hail, explosion, riot/civil commotion, aircraft, vehicles, smoke) and Vandalism & Malicious Mischief (VMM available only if the policy includes Extended Coverage; VMM excluded if the property is vacant/unoccupied). Settlement is Actual Cash Value (NOT replacement cost). Does NOT cover theft, freezing, water damage, or personal liability. Does not cover flood. Eligible habitational property = 1-4 family owner- or tenant-occupied dwellings, condominiums and row houses; commercial/larger risks (5+ family apartments, mercantile, manufacturing) use ISO form CP 00 99. Dwellings within ~2,600 feet of the Connecticut shoreline carry TWO deductibles: the regular named-peril deductible AND a separate hurricane deductible equal to 5% of the Coverage A (building) limit.", "value_json": { "dwelling_form": "ISO DP 00 01 (Dwelling Fire, basic form)", "commercial_form": "ISO CP 00 99", "perils": [ "fire or lightning", "internal explosion", "windstorm/hail", "explosion", "riot/civil commotion", "aircraft", "vehicles", "smoke", "vandalism & malicious mischief (only if Extended Coverage included; excluded if vacant)" ], "settlement_basis": "actual cash value", "exclusions": [ "theft", "freezing", "water damage", "personal liability", "flood" ], "eligible_habitational": [ "1-4 family owner/tenant-occupied dwellings", "condominiums", "row houses" ], "coastal_hurricane_deductible": "5% of Coverage A (building), in addition to the named-peril deductible, for dwellings within ~2,600 ft of the shoreline" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ctfairplan.com/general-information.html", "source_name": "Connecticut FAIR Plan", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Peril list, exclusions, ACV settlement, eligible property types, ISO forms (DP 00 01 / CP 00 99) and the 5%/2,600-ft coastal hurricane deductible confirmed from ctfairplan.com general-information page and PropertyCasualty360 State FAIR Plans reference (July 2024)." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "$350,000 maximum Coverage A (dwelling/building) for 1-4 family dwellings; $75,000 maximum Coverage C (personal property/contents). No single risk may total more than $1,500,000 (building + personal property + other structures + endorsements) at any one location. For commercial property the building limit varies by construction type, from $200,000 (frame) to $1,000,000 (fire resistive), with commercial contents up to $250,000 (fire resistive) / $200,000 (other), doubleable for sole occupancy. Habitational deductibles run $250-$10,000; commercial $500-$75,000.", "value_json": { "residential_coverage_a_max_usd": 350000, "residential_contents_max_usd": 75000, "total_combined_max_any_location_usd": 1500000, "commercial_structure_max_usd": 1000000, "habitational_deductible_range_usd": "250-10000", "commercial_deductible_range_usd": "500-75000", "currency": "USD", "commercial_building_max_usd_frame": 200000, "commercial_contents_max_usd_fire_resistive": 250000, "commercial_contents_max_usd_fire_resistive_sole_occupancy": 500000 }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.ctfairplan.com/general-information.html", "source_name": "Connecticut FAIR Plan", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Verified 2026-05-12 from ctfairplan.com/general-information.html: residential 'maximum for any one piece of property is $350,000, with a personal property limit of $75,000'; '...the maximum available for structure, personal property, other structures, and any allowable endorsements combined is $1.5 million at any one location'; commercial building limits 'range from $200,000 (frame) to $1,000,000 (fire resistive)' with commercial contents $250,000 (fire resistive)/$200,000 (other), doubleable for sole occupancy. CORRECTION: an earlier version of this row said the commercial structure max was $3,000,000 with $1.5M for 'all other coverages combined', wrong; the $1.5M is the absolute combined cap per single risk, not a separate limit, and the building max is $1M. The $350K residential Coverage A cap is low relative to current Connecticut home values, many shoreline rebuild costs exceed it." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "typical (no named DIC product); brokers pair the FAIR Plan with a separate liability policy and supplemental coverages because the FAIR Plan has no theft, no water damage, and no personal liability", "value_json": { "status": "typical", "reason": "FAIR Plan has no theft/water-damage/liability coverage; supplement with a stand-alone liability/HO-companion policy" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ctfairplan.com/general-information.html", "source_name": "Connecticut FAIR Plan", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No formal California-style 'DIC' product is marketed in Connecticut. Because the CT FAIR Plan is a narrow named-peril ACV form with no liability, agents commonly add a stand-alone personal-liability policy and additional coverages." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Available to any person with an insurable interest in eligible Connecticut property who has been unable to obtain coverage on insurable property through the normal market; property must meet the plan's underwriting/condition standards. Vacant property is generally ineligible unless owned by an estate or under renovation; farm property is ineligible. Connecticut does not publish a fixed numeric 'declined by N carriers' test, the standard is a good-faith inability to obtain coverage in the voluntary market.", "value_json": { "rule": "insurable interest + good-faith inability to obtain coverage in the voluntary market; property meets underwriting/condition standards", "declinations_required": null, "ineligible": [ "vacant property (unless estate-owned or under renovation)", "farm property" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ctfairplan.com/general-information.html", "source_name": "Connecticut FAIR Plan", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Ineligible-property list (vacant, farm) and the 'unable to obtain on insurable property through the normal market' standard confirmed from ctfairplan.com / Conn. Agencies Regs. §§ 38a-328-1 et seq." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through a licensed Connecticut insurance producer/agent. The CT FAIR Plan does not sell directly to consumers. A producer submits the application (the dwelling new-business application requires a contractor's/appraiser's rebuild estimate if combined coverage exceeds a stated threshold). Consumer information at ctfairplan.com/consumers.html.", "value_json": { "channel": "licensed Connecticut producer/agent only (no direct-to-consumer)", "consumers_page": "https://www.ctfairplan.com/consumers.html", "producers_page": "https://www.ctfairplan.com/producers.html" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ctfairplan.com/producers.html", "source_name": "Connecticut FAIR Plan", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Producer-only channel confirmed from ctfairplan.com." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market for substantially narrower coverage (named-peril, ACV, no theft/water/liability), and the $350K Coverage A cap means it often cannot fully insure a current-day shoreline home. Coastal CT FAIR Plan policies carry a 5%-of-Coverage-A hurricane deductible on top of the regular deductible. It is a last resort, not a price-competition fallback.", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, much narrower coverage; ACV only; 5% coastal hurricane deductible; $350K dwelling cap limits coastal usefulness" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ctfairplan.com/general-information.html", "source_name": "Connecticut FAIR Plan", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "General FAIR Plan characterization plus the documented coverage caps and deductible structure. No published CT-FAIR-Plan-vs-standard premium comparison found." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Connecticut's FAIR Plan is small, III FAIR-Plans-by-state reporting shows roughly 1,187 habitational policies (about 1,240 total including commercial) / ~$0.30B exposure. Pressure points: Long Island Sound shoreline towns (Fairfield, New Haven and New London counties) seeing voluntary-market carriers raise hurricane percentage deductibles, tighten roof-age and proximity-to-coast underwriting, and non-renew some shoreline homes, pushing some of those homeowners to the FAIR Plan or to C-MAP. Regulator change: Josh Hershman was confirmed Connecticut's 34th Insurance Commissioner on April 13, 2026, replacing Andrew Mais (retired late 2025). No major rate or rule change to the FAIR Plan itself confirmed for 2025-2026; confirm the current policy count and any rule changes with the Connecticut Insurance Department / the plan's annual report.", "value_json": { "habitational_policies_approx": 1187, "exposure_approx_usd": 304240000, "source_year": "III FY2024 reporting", "pressure": "Long Island Sound shoreline underwriting tightening; higher hurricane deductibles; selective non-renewals", "recent_plan_change": null, "commercial_policies_approx": 53, "total_policies_approx": 1240, "current_commissioner": { "name": "Josh Hershman", "title": "Insurance Commissioner (34th)", "confirmed_date": "2026-04-13", "predecessor": "Andrew Mais (retired late 2025)", "source_url": "https://portal.ct.gov/cid/about-cid/commissioner", "source_name": "Connecticut Insurance Department - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 2, "label": "2" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Connecticut billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/CT", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/insurance-provided-by-fair-plans-by-state-fiscal-year-2024-1", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute (FAIR Plans by state, FY2024 reporting)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "~1,187 habitational + 53 commercial = ~1,240 total / ~$304M exposure (III FY2024). NOTE: an earlier merge briefly stored 1,240 as the habitational count, that's the TOTAL; corrected 2026-05-12. Per data-verifier 73 (Group B, 2026-05-14): added Hershman commissioner change (sourced via Insurance Journal 2026-04-14)." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Connecticut (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 38a-323): a personal-risk (homeowners) insurer must give at least 60 days advance written notice of intent not to renew, and the notice must state or be accompanied by the reason for non-renewal; the same 60-day notice applies to a conditional renewal that materially increases premium or reduces coverage. If the insurer fails to give the required notice, the insured is entitled to renewal for a term of at least one year (with a pro-rata cancellation privilege at the lower of current or prior-year rates if exercised within 60 days of the renewal/anniversary date). Connecticut also generally restricts mid-term cancellation of a policy in effect 60+ days to specified grounds (non-payment, fraud, material change in the risk, etc.). As of July 1, 2025 (Public Act 25-87, Substitute HB 6981, signed June 23, 2025), insurers may also provide cancellation and non-renewal notices via USPS Intelligent Mail Barcode (IMb) tracking in addition to certified/registered mail (amending Conn. Gen. Stat. § 38a-344). Connecticut does NOT have a standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium of the California (Cal. Ins. Code § 675.1) type.", "value_json": { "statute": "Conn. Gen. Stat. § 38a-323", "nonrenewal_notice_days": 60, "conditional_renewal_notice_days": 60, "cancellation_protection_after_days": 60, "failure_to_notice_remedy": "renewal for >=1 year + pro-rata cancellation privilege within 60 days", "post_disaster_moratorium": "none standing", "notice_delivery_methods": "certified/registered mail, USPS Intelligent Mail Barcode tracking (as of July 1, 2025, PA 25-87 amending § 38a-344)", "pa_25_87": { "act": "Public Act 25-87 (Substitute HB 6981)", "signed": "2025-06-23", "effective": "2025-07-01", "amends": "Conn. Gen. Stat. § 38a-344", "summary": "Allows USPS Intelligent Mail Barcode tracking as alternative proof of delivery for cancellation/non-renewal notices" } }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/PUB/chap_700.htm#Sec38a-323", "source_name": "Conn. Gen. Stat. § 38a-323 (Connecticut General Assembly); Public Act 25-87 (Substitute HB 6981, signed June 23, 2025, eff. July 1, 2025)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "60-day non-renewal notice and the failure-to-notice remedy confirmed from the current text of Conn. Gen. Stat. § 38a-323 (2024). Previously a 'low'/needs-manual-check row; now upgraded to high confidence. No standing post-disaster moratorium found. Per data-verifier-Wave-21 L13g sweep (2026-05-16): source_url migrated from Justia mirror (third-party, also 403'd) to cga.ct.gov primary per L13g-CRIT/L19." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Connecticut has not seen wholesale carrier exits. Pressure is concentrated on Long Island Sound shoreline homes, carriers raising hurricane percentage deductibles, tightening roof-age and proximity-to-coast underwriting, and non-renewing some shoreline properties. No major national carrier had announced a full Connecticut homeowners exit as of May 2026. Verify any specific carrier action before naming it.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": null, "action": "no confirmed major-carrier CT homeowners exit as of May 2026; pressure is Long Island Sound shoreline underwriting tightening, higher hurricane deductibles, selective non-renewals", "date": "2012-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ctfairplan.com/", "source_name": "Connecticut FAIR Plan", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No specific named-carrier exit verified. Needs manual check of CID market reports if a named action is wanted. (source_name corrected to match the ctfairplan.com source_url.)" }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://portal.ct.gov/cid", "value_json": { "url": "https://portal.ct.gov/cid", "consumer_resources": "https://portal.ct.gov/cid/consumer-resources", "regulator": "Connecticut Insurance Department" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://portal.ct.gov/cid", "source_name": "Connecticut Insurance Department", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Connecticut Insurance Department main site is portal.ct.gov/cid. Verify the exact homeowners-insurance deep link before publishing (the CID site has been reorganised)." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "Conn. Gen. Stat. Title 38a, § 38a-328 (fire, liability and allied lines underwriting facility, the Connecticut FAIR Plan), implemented by Conn. Agencies Regs. §§ 38a-328-1 to 38a-328-20; established to conform to the federal Urban Property Protection and Reinsurance Act of 1968", "value_json": { "citation": "Conn. Gen. Stat. § 38a-328; Conn. Agencies Regs. §§ 38a-328-1 to 38a-328-20", "origin": "federal Urban Property Protection and Reinsurance Act of 1968", "nonrenewal_statute": "Conn. Gen. Stat. § 38a-323" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/PUB/chap_700.htm#Sec38a-328", "source_name": "Conn. Gen. Stat. § 38a-328 (Connecticut General Assembly, Chapter 700); Conn. Agencies Regs. §§ 38a-328-1 to 38a-328-20 (Connecticut eRegulations System)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Statutory and regulatory basis confirmed from Cornell LII, the Connecticut eRegulations portal, and ctfairplan.com. Added per the standard 15-field schema (the prior compiled CT file lacked a dedicated statute row)." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "The Connecticut FAIR Plan / Property Insurance Placement Facility is funded by premiums plus assessments on member insurers (all admitted Connecticut property insurers, by market share); no federal/state funds support it. It also administers the Coastal Market Assistance Program (C-MAP), a referral program connecting coastal homeowners who cannot find voluntary coverage with participating carriers. Coastal CT FAIR Plan policies carry a 5%-of-Coverage-A hurricane deductible in addition to the standard named-peril deductible. The $350,000 residential Coverage A cap and the ACV (not replacement-cost) settlement basis are the two limits homeowners most often run into.", "value_json": { "funding": "premium + member-insurer assessments; no public funds", "also_administers": "Coastal Market Assistance Program (C-MAP)", "coastal_hurricane_deductible_pct": 5, "residential_coverage_a_cap_usd": 350000, "settlement_basis": "actual cash value" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ctfairplan.com/general-information.html", "source_name": "Connecticut FAIR Plan", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Funding, C-MAP administration, the 5% coastal hurricane deductible, the $350K cap and ACV settlement all confirmed from ctfairplan.com." } ] }, { "code": "DC", "name": "District of Columbia", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/district-of-columbia-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan / Industry Placement Facility" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.dcpif.org/", "source_name": "District of Columbia Property Insurance Facility", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "The District of Columbia's FAIR Plan is the District of Columbia Property Insurance Facility (DCPIF), an unincorporated association of all insurers licensed to write essential property insurance in D.C. (an Industry Placement Facility). Established under D.C. Code Title 31, Chapter 50 (§§ 31-5001 et seq.), implementing the federal Urban Property Protection and Reinsurance Act of 1968 (Pub. L. 90-448, Title XII). Confirmed on the DCPIF consumer information sheet, PropertyCasualty360's State FAIR Plans reference (July 2024), and the III FAIR-Plans-by-state table. The DCPIF is NOT a government agency." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "District of Columbia Property Insurance Facility (DCPIF)", "value_json": { "name": "District of Columbia Property Insurance Facility", "abbreviation": "DCPIF" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.dcpif.org/", "source_name": "District of Columbia Property Insurance Facility", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Name confirmed from dcpif.org and the DCPIF Consumer Information Sheet (rev. 09-2022). Overseen by the D.C. Department of Insurance, Securities and Banking (DISB) under DCMR Title 26 (Insurance), Chapter 13 (Insurance Placement Facilities)." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.dcpif.org/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.dcpif.org/", "producer_information": "https://www.dcpif.org/producer-information", "phone_primary": "(202) 393-4640", "phone_shared_md_jia_line": "1-800-492-5670", "fax": "410-244-7268" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.dcpif.org/", "source_name": "District of Columbia Property Insurance Facility", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Per data-verifier-141 (2026-05-15): dcpif.org leads with the (202) 393-4640 primary number on the contact page; the 1-800-492-5670 is the shared Maryland JIA admin line (since MD JIA administers DCPIF under a 1983 Management Services Agreement). DE FAIR Plan uses a separate number ((800) 462-4972) — the prior 'Mid-Atlantic' framing was a misreading; the administrator is MD JIA in Ellicott City, MD, not a Philadelphia-based shared operation." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Two programs: (1) Dwelling Fire, ISO form DP 00 01 (basic form); (2) Homeowner forms HO 00 02 (Broad Form Dwelling), HO 00 04 (Tenants), HO 00 06 (Condominium Owners), HO 00 08 (Modified Coverage Form). Commercial uses ISO CP 00 99. Covered perils on the dwelling-fire / commercial forms: FIRE OR LIGHTNING; EXTENDED COVERAGE (windstorm, hail, explosion, riot, civil commotion, aircraft, vehicles, smoke); VANDALISM & MALICIOUS MISCHIEF (not available if the property is vacant or unoccupied). HO forms add the broad-form perils (and HO-8 the limited perils). 'Coverage is NOT provided for loss caused by other perils or for indirect loss.' THE FACILITY DOES NOT PROVIDE COVERAGE FOR DAMAGE BY FLOOD. Commercial and dwelling properties cannot be written on the same policy. All properties are inspected to determine insurability.", "value_json": { "dwelling_fire_form": "ISO DP 00 01", "homeowner_forms": [ "HO 00 02 Broad Form Dwelling", "HO 00 04 Tenants", "HO 00 06 Condominium Owners", "HO 00 08 Modified Coverage Form" ], "commercial_form": "ISO CP 00 99", "perils": [ "fire or lightning", "windstorm/hail", "explosion", "riot/civil commotion", "aircraft", "vehicles", "smoke", "vandalism & malicious mischief (not if vacant/unoccupied)" ], "exclusions": [ "flood", "all perils not named on the offered forms", "indirect loss" ], "ineligible_homeowner_classes": [ "seasonal dwellings", "farm property unless inactive", "mobile homes/trailers", "vacant or unoccupied", "properties in course of construction/major renovation until occupied" ], "inspection_required": true }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.dcpif.org/", "source_name": "District of Columbia Property Insurance Facility: Consumer Information Sheet (rev. 09-2022)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Forms list (DP 00 01; HO 00 02/04/06/08; CP 00 99), peril list, no-flood, no-indirect-loss, ineligible classes, and the mandatory inspection all confirmed verbatim from the DCPIF Consumer Information Sheet (rev. 09-2022) and corroborated by PropertyCasualty360 State FAIR Plans reference (July 2024). Previously a 'low'/general-characterization row; now upgraded to high confidence." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "Homeowners: maximum Coverage A (dwelling) is $614,000; maximum Coverage C (contents) is $307,000. Commercial and Dwelling Fire: maximum $1,500,000 (fire-resistive, masonry, or frame). No 'scheduled' policies are available; coverage is limited to the forms offered by the Facility.", "value_json": { "homeowners_coverage_a_max_usd": 614000, "homeowners_contents_coverage_c_max_usd": 307000, "commercial_and_dwelling_fire_max_usd": 1500000, "currency": "USD" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.dcpif.org/policies", "source_name": "District of Columbia Property Insurance Facility (dcpif.org/policies)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Re-verified 2026-06-18 directly from the live DCPIF policies page (dcpif.org/policies): Homeowners Coverage A max $614,000, Coverage C max $307,000; Commercial and Dwelling Fire $1,500,000 (fire-resistive/masonry/frame). This is a ~35% increase over the $455,000 / $227,500 figures on the older Consumer Information Sheet (rev. 09-2022). The Facility may revise these limits; re-check dcpif.org/policies before publishing." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "typical (no named DIC product), the dwelling-fire form is narrow (named-peril, no liability), so brokers add a stand-alone liability policy; the HO forms are broader but still capped at $614K Coverage A", "value_json": { "status": "typical", "reason": "dwelling-fire form has no liability; HO forms broader but low cap" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.dcpif.org/", "source_name": "District of Columbia Property Insurance Facility", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No formal California-style 'DIC' product is marketed in D.C. The DCPIF does offer 'Additional Insured (Residence Premises)', three-or-four-family dwelling, and water-backup-from-sewer/drains as optional coverages on the homeowner forms, but personal liability is limited." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Available to individuals and businesses in the District of Columbia who are unable to obtain coverage through the voluntary insurance market. The property must meet the Facility's underwriting/condition standards, all properties are inspected, and the inspection may result in condition charges, exclusions, or cancellation of the immediate binder. To request coverage, a completed application is submitted with a copy of the cancellation/non-renewal statement from the present carrier plus required photographs (for HO-2/HO-8, front-and-rear photos of the dwelling plus photos of any outbuildings). D.C. does not publish a fixed numeric 'declined by N carriers' test in the consumer materials.", "value_json": { "rule": "insurable interest in D.C. property + unable to obtain coverage in the voluntary market; passes inspection", "declinations_required": null, "documentation_required": [ "completed application", "copy of cancellation/non-renewal notice from prior carrier", "photographs (front/rear + outbuildings for HO)" ], "inspection_required": true }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.dcpif.org/", "source_name": "District of Columbia Property Insurance Facility: Consumer Information Sheet (rev. 09-2022)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Eligibility standard, the documentation/photo requirements, and the mandatory inspection (with possible condition charges) confirmed verbatim from the DCPIF Consumer Information Sheet (rev. 09-2022)." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through a licensed District of Columbia insurance producer/agent. The DCPIF does not sell directly to consumers. Applications are obtained from dcpif.org or by contacting the Facility at 1-800-492-5670 (fax 410-244-7268). An applicant who needs coverage bound before the Facility issues its acceptance/declination may request an Immediate Binder (which requires the application, the estimated premium, the prior-carrier cancellation notice, and, for HO-2/HO-8, photos). Producer information at dcpif.org/producer-information.", "value_json": { "channel": "licensed D.C. producer/agent only (no direct-to-consumer)", "phone": "1-800-492-5670", "fax": "410-244-7268", "producer_info": "https://www.dcpif.org/producer-information", "immediate_binder": "available with application + estimated premium + prior cancellation notice (+ photos for HO-2/HO-8)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.dcpif.org/producer-information", "source_name": "District of Columbia Property Insurance Facility: Consumer Information Sheet (rev. 09-2022)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Producer-only channel, phone/fax, and the Immediate Binder mechanism confirmed from the DCPIF Consumer Information Sheet (rev. 09-2022)." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market for narrower coverage (dwelling-fire form is named-peril, no liability; HO forms broader but capped at $614K Coverage A and subject to inspection condition charges). A last resort, used mainly for older urban housing stock the voluntary market won't write.", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, narrower coverage; capped at $614K Coverage A; inspection condition charges possible" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.dcpif.org/", "source_name": "District of Columbia Property Insurance Facility", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "General characterization plus the documented caps; no published DCPIF-vs-standard premium comparison." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "The DCPIF is very small, III FAIR-Plans-by-state reporting shows roughly 116 habitational policies (about 134 total including commercial) / ~$71M exposure. The D.C. homeowners market is otherwise stable; the Facility exists mainly for older urban housing stock. DISB periodically adopts an updated DCPIF report/Plan of Operation. No major rate or rule change confirmed for 2025-2026; confirm the current policy count from the DCPIF report DISB publishes.", "value_json": { "habitational_policies_approx": 116, "exposure_approx_usd": 70977000, "source_year": "III FY2024 reporting", "recent_plan_change": null, "commercial_policies_approx": 18, "total_policies_approx": 134, "current_commissioner": { "name": "Karima M. Woods", "title": "Commissioner of the Department of Insurance, Securities and Banking", "confirmed_date": "2020-07-28", "predecessor": "Stephen C. Taylor (departed; Woods named Acting Commissioner 2020-01-21 by Mayor Bowser, DC Council confirmed 2020-07-28)", "source_url": "https://disb.dc.gov/biography/about-commissioner", "source_name": "DC Department of Insurance, Securities and Banking - Commissioner" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/insurance-provided-by-fair-plans-by-state-fiscal-year-2024-1", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute (FAIR Plans by state, FY2024 reporting)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "~116 habitational + 18 commercial = ~134 total / ~$71M exposure (III FY2024). NOTE: an earlier merge briefly stored 134 as the habitational count, that's the TOTAL; the DC habitational count did NOT change from 116; corrected 2026-05-12. DISB publishes a 'District of Columbia Property Insurance Facility' report (dcpif_report_final_adopted.pdf), pull it for current figures." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "District of Columbia: under D.C. Code Title 31 and the D.C. Municipal Regulations (DCMR Title 26, Chapter 26-A3, Prohibitions on Arbitrary Cancellation, § 26-A301 'Procedure for Cancellation or Nonrenewal'), an insurer must give the named insured at least 30 days' advance notice before cancellation, and at least 30 days before the end of the policy period for non-renewal, with a statement of the reason. (DISB's March 9, 2018 'Notice of Cancellation and Nonrenewal Update for Property and Casualty Insurers Operating in the District of Columbia' restated these requirements.) The District does NOT have a standing automatic post-disaster non-renewal moratorium; DISB acts by bulletin if needed.", "value_json": { "statute": "D.C. Code Title 31; DCMR Title 26, Ch. 26-A3, § 26-A301", "cancellation_notice_days": 30, "nonrenewal_notice_days": 30, "reason_required": true, "post_disaster_moratorium": "none standing" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "http://dcrules.elaws.us/dcmr/26-a301/", "source_name": "D.C. Municipal Regulations Title 26-A, § 26-A301 (Procedure for Cancellation or Nonrenewal) / DISB notice (Mar. 9, 2018)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Per data-verifier-141 (2026-05-15): 30-day cancellation/non-renewal notice with reason confirmed from DCMR § 26-A301 and the DISB 2018 Notice of Cancellation and Nonrenewal bulletin (disb.dc.gov). Removed the prior § 31-2409 cross-reference: that section governs motor-vehicle (auto) insurance consumer protection, not property cancellation; it does not apply here. Source supplemented with the DISB 2018 bulletin PDF as a parallel canonical source (dcrules.elaws.us has timed out on direct fetch)." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "No verified record of major-carrier homeowners exits in the District of Columbia. The market is small and stable; the Facility serves older urban housing. Needs manual check of DISB market reports before naming any carrier.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": null, "action": "no confirmed major-carrier D.C. homeowners exit verified as of May 2026; market stable", "date": "2020-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://disb.dc.gov/", "source_name": "D.C. Department of Insurance, Securities and Banking", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No specific named-carrier action verified. Needs manual check." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://disb.dc.gov/", "value_json": { "url": "https://disb.dc.gov/", "consumer_page": "https://disb.dc.gov/page/insurance-consumers", "regulator": "D.C. Department of Insurance, Securities and Banking (DISB)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://disb.dc.gov/", "source_name": "D.C. Department of Insurance, Securities and Banking", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "DISB is the D.C. insurance regulator. Verify the exact insurance-consumers deep link before publishing." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "D.C. Code Title 31 (Insurance and Securities), Chapter 50, §§ 31-5001 to 31-5011 (11 sections in total): §§ 31-5001 (purposes), 31-5002 (definitions), 31-5003 (Industry Placement Facility), 31-5004 (rules and regulations), 31-5005 (assessment authority; operative subsection § 31-5005(C)(1)), 31-5008 (annual reporting obligation), plus §§ 31-5006 / 31-5007 / 31-5009 / 31-5010 / 31-5011. Originally enacted Aug. 1, 1968 as part of the federal Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 / Urban Property Protection and Reinsurance Act (Pub. L. 90-448, Title XII), amended by D.C. Law 14-251 (2003); implemented by DCMR Title 26 (Insurance), Chapter 13 (Insurance Placement Facilities).", "value_json": { "citation": "D.C. Code §§ 31-5001 to 31-5011; DCMR Title 26, Ch. 13", "operative_sections": { "31-5003": "Industry Placement Facility (foundational)", "31-5005(C)(1)": "assessment authority over member insurers", "31-5008": "annual reporting obligation" }, "origin": "Pub. L. 90-448, Title XII (Urban Property Protection and Reinsurance Act of 1968)", "nonrenewal_rule": "DCMR Title 26-A, § 26-A301" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/titles/31/chapters/50/", "source_name": "D.C. Law Library (D.C. Official Code, Title 31, Chapter 50 section index)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-141 (2026-05-15): MATERIAL correction. Statute citation 'D.C. Code §§ 31-5001 to 31-5004' was truncated; Chapter 50 runs 11 sections (§§ 31-5001 to 31-5011). The DISB's own examination report cites § 31-5005(C)(1) (assessment authority) and § 31-5008 (annual reporting) as operative provisions — citing only §§ 31-5001 to 31-5004 omitted the sections that govern real DCPIF obligations. Classic L16b: cited the foundational sections without the operative ones." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "The DCPIF is funded by premiums plus assessments on member insurers (all admitted D.C. property insurers, by market share); no federal/District funds support it. It is overseen by DISB. Administration is provided by the Maryland Joint Insurance Association (MD JIA, Ellicott City, MD) under a Management Services Agreement that has been in place since 1983 (most recently renewed June 2019), JIA handles all DCPIF underwriting, policy processing, accounting, and claims operations. Commercial and dwelling properties cannot be combined on one policy; every commercial building needs its own application. As of June 2022 DCPIF no longer accepts cash payments. The $614,000 homeowner Coverage A cap and the mandatory property inspection (with possible condition charges) are the two limits applicants most often run into.", "value_json": { "funding": "premium + member-insurer assessments; no public funds", "oversight": "D.C. DISB", "administrator": "Maryland Joint Insurance Association (MD JIA), Ellicott City, MD", "administrator_agreement_origin": "1983 (Management Services Agreement)", "administrator_agreement_renewed": "2019-06", "phone_primary": "(202) 393-4640", "phone_shared_md_jia_line": "1-800-492-5670", "operational_change_2022_06": "DCPIF no longer accepts cash payments", "homeowner_coverage_a_cap_usd": 614000, "inspection_required": true }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://disb.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/disb/publication/attachments/dcpif_report_final_adopted.pdf", "source_name": "DISB Report on Examination of DCPIF as of December 31, 2021 (adopted 2023-07-25)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-141 (2026-05-15): MATERIAL correction on administrator identity. The administrator is the Maryland Joint Insurance Association (JIA) in Ellicott City, MD — NOT a Philadelphia-based Mid-Atlantic shared operation as previously stated. JIA has managed all DCPIF operations under a Management Services Agreement since 1983 (renewed June 2019). The 1-800-492-5670 number is the shared MD JIA admin line (also used by MD JIA itself), explaining the cross-state appearance. Added DCPIF's own primary number (202) 393-4640 per dcpif.org. Recorded the June 2022 operational change (no longer accepting cash payments). The Delaware FAIR Plan, separately, has its own number (800) 462-4972 (verified 2026-05-12). Most recent available DISB examination covers through December 31, 2021 (adopted 2023-07-25)." } ] }, { "code": "DE", "name": "Delaware", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/delaware-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan / Industry Placement Facility" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.defairplan.com/", "source_name": "Insurance Placement Facility of Delaware", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Delaware's FAIR Plan is the Insurance Placement Facility of Delaware ('Delaware FAIR Plan'), an association of the property insurers doing business in Delaware. Authorized by House Bill 712 of the Delaware General Assembly and commenced operating October 28, 1968. Statutory basis: 18 Del. C. Chapter 41, Subchapter II ('Basic Property Insurance', §§ 4103-4113, establishing the Industry Placement Facility — includes § 4111 Examinations, § 4112 Appeals, § 4113 Nonliability). Confirmed on defairplan.com, the Delaware DOI 'Need Insurance?' page, PropertyCasualty360's State FAIR Plans reference (July 2024), and the III FAIR-Plans-by-state table." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Insurance Placement Facility of Delaware (Delaware FAIR Plan)", "value_json": { "name": "Insurance Placement Facility of Delaware", "common_name": "Delaware FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.defairplan.com/", "source_name": "Insurance Placement Facility of Delaware", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Name confirmed from defairplan.com (which brands as 'Delaware FAIRPlan') and the Delaware DOI. Administered jointly with other Mid-Atlantic placement facilities out of Philadelphia, PA." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.defairplan.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.defairplan.com/", "commercial_fire_application": "https://www.defairplan.com/documents/cf_application.pdf", "annual_report": "https://www.defairplan.com/load/annualreports/", "phone": "(800) 462-4972", "phone_direct": "(215) 629-8800" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.defairplan.com/", "source_name": "Insurance Placement Facility of Delaware", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-12", "notes": "defairplan.com confirmed as the official site. The FAIR Plan's toll-free consumer number is (800) 462-4972 (per the Delaware DOI 'Need Insurance?' page and the III claims-phone list); the plan's own contact page lists the direct Philadelphia line (215) 629-8800. CORRECTION: an earlier version of this file gave 1-800-492-5670 and called it a shared D.C.-Facility line, that number is actually the Maryland Joint Insurance Association's, a copy error in the shared-Mid-Atlantic-administration write-up. Verified 2026-05-12. Posts annual-meeting reports on the site (e.g. '2024 DE Annual Meeting' PDF)." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Basic property insurance on an adapted ISO Dwelling Fire form DP 00 01 for 1-4 family dwellings; commercial uses ISO CP 00 99. Perils: fire or lightning, plus Extended Coverage (windstorm or hail, explosion, riot or civil commotion, aircraft, vehicles, smoke, and volcanic eruption) and Vandalism & Malicious Mischief (V&MM available only with Extended Coverage; not available if the property is vacant/unoccupied without a vacancy permit). Does NOT include theft or personal liability (standard FAIR Plan limitation). Does not cover flood. A hurricane deductible of $2,000 is mandatory for all dwellings in five specified coastal (Sussex County beach-area) zip codes.", "value_json": { "dwelling_form": "ISO DP 00 01 (adapted)", "commercial_form": "ISO CP 00 99", "perils": [ "fire or lightning", "windstorm or hail", "explosion", "riot or civil commotion", "aircraft", "vehicles", "smoke", "volcanic eruption", "vandalism & malicious mischief (with EC only; not if vacant)" ], "exclusions": [ "theft", "personal liability", "flood" ], "covers": [ "1-4 family dwellings", "commercial property" ], "coastal_hurricane_deductible": "$2,000 mandatory for dwellings in five specified coastal zip codes" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.propertycasualty360.com/fcs/2024/07/22/state-fair-plans-2/", "source_name": "PropertyCasualty360: State FAIR Plans reference (July 2024) / Insurance Placement Facility of Delaware", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Forms (DP 00 01 adapted; CP 00 99), peril list (incl. volcanic eruption in the EC perils), and the mandatory $2,000 hurricane deductible in five coastal zip codes confirmed from PropertyCasualty360's State FAIR Plans reference (July 2024); basic-property-insurance scope corroborated by defairplan.com and 18 Del. C. § 4103. The no-theft / no-liability point is the standard FAIR Plan limitation. Previously a 'medium'/general row; now upgraded to high confidence." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "Maximum $500,000 if the 1-4 family dwelling is occupied; $335,000 if the dwelling is vacant. (Commercial limits are set per the commercial program.)", "value_json": { "dwelling_occupied_max_usd": 500000, "dwelling_vacant_max_usd": 335000, "currency": "USD" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.propertycasualty360.com/fcs/2024/07/22/state-fair-plans-2/", "source_name": "PropertyCasualty360: State FAIR Plans reference (July 2024)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "$500,000 (occupied) / $335,000 (vacant) maximum 1-4 family dwelling limit from PropertyCasualty360's State FAIR Plans reference (July 2024). This was previously null/unverified; now upgraded to medium confidence (PropertyCasualty360 is a reputable secondary source citing the plan's manual; not confirmed directly against the Delaware FAIR Plan rules/rate manual, which is not indexed publicly). Re-confirm against the current Delaware FAIR Plan manual or annual report before publishing as authoritative." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "typical (no named DIC product), the Delaware FAIR Plan is a basic-property named-peril form with no liability and no theft, so brokers add a stand-alone liability policy and supplemental coverages", "value_json": { "status": "typical", "reason": "basic-property form with no liability/theft; supplement with stand-alone liability" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.defairplan.com/", "source_name": "Insurance Placement Facility of Delaware", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No formal California-style 'DIC' product is marketed in Delaware; the FAIR Plan is routinely paired with a separate liability policy." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Available to any person with an insurable interest in real or tangible personal property located in Delaware who has been unable to secure basic property insurance from the voluntary insurance market; the property must meet the Facility's underwriting/condition standards (vacant property requires a vacancy permit endorsement for V&MM and is capped at the lower vacant limit). Delaware does not publish a fixed numeric 'declined by N carriers' test, the standard is inability to obtain coverage in the voluntary market.", "value_json": { "rule": "insurable interest in DE property + unable to secure basic property insurance in the voluntary market; passes underwriting/inspection", "declinations_required": null }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.defairplan.com/", "source_name": "Insurance Placement Facility of Delaware", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Eligibility standard ('insurable interest... unable to secure such insurance from the voluntary insurance market') confirmed from defairplan.com / 18 Del. C. § 4103-4113. Confirm any declination count against the Delaware FAIR Plan Plan of Operation." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through a licensed Delaware insurance producer/agent. The Delaware FAIR Plan does not sell directly to consumers. The facility is administered out of Philadelphia, PA (shared Mid-Atlantic administration) and reached at (800) 462-4972 (the direct Philadelphia line is (215) 629-8800); applications/forms are at defairplan.com (e.g., the commercial-fire application PDF).", "value_json": { "channel": "licensed Delaware producer/agent only (no direct-to-consumer)", "phone": "(800) 462-4972", "admin_location": "Philadelphia, PA (shared Mid-Atlantic administration)", "forms_url": "https://www.defairplan.com/", "phone_direct": "(215) 629-8800" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.defairplan.com/", "source_name": "Insurance Placement Facility of Delaware", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-12", "notes": "Producer-only channel and Philadelphia-based shared administration confirmed from defairplan.com and the Delaware DOI." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market for narrower coverage (basic named-peril form, no theft, no liability). A last resort, not a price-competition fallback.", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, narrower coverage" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.defairplan.com/", "source_name": "Insurance Placement Facility of Delaware", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "General characterization; no published Delaware-FAIR-Plan-vs-standard premium comparison." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Delaware's FAIR Plan is very small, III FAIR-Plans-by-state reporting shows roughly 1,170 habitational policies / ~$0.25B exposure. Pressure points: coastal Sussex County (Rehoboth Beach / Bethany Beach / Fenwick Island area) seeing voluntary-market carriers raise hurricane percentage deductibles and tighten beach-area underwriting; the FAIR Plan itself applies a mandatory $2,000 hurricane deductible in five coastal zip codes. Otherwise the Delaware market has been relatively stable. No major FAIR Plan rate or rule change confirmed for 2025-2026; confirm the current policy count from the plan's annual-meeting report on defairplan.com.", "value_json": { "habitational_policies_approx": 1170, "exposure_approx_usd": 249532000, "source_year": "III FY2024 reporting", "pressure": "coastal Sussex County hurricane-deductible increases / tighter beach-area underwriting; FAIR Plan $2,000 mandatory hurricane deductible in five coastal zips", "recent_plan_change": null, "commercial_policies_approx": 57, "total_policies_approx": 1227, "current_commissioner": { "name": "Trinidad Navarro", "title": "Insurance Commissioner", "confirmed_date": "2025-01", "predecessor": "Karen Weldin Stewart (defeated by Navarro in the 2016 Democratic primary; left office January 2017); Navarro re-elected 2020 and 2024", "source_url": "https://insurance.delaware.gov/bio/", "source_name": "Delaware Department of Insurance - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 1, "label": "1" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Delaware billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/DE", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/insurance-provided-by-fair-plans-by-state-fiscal-year-2024-1", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute (FAIR Plans by state, FY2024 reporting)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "~1,170 policies / ~$250M exposure from III FAIR-Plans-by-state reporting (III FY2024: ~1,170 habitational + 57 commercial = ~1,227 total). Delaware FAIR Plan posts annual-meeting reports on defairplan.com (e.g., '2024 DE Annual Meeting')." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Delaware 18 Del. C. Chapter 41, Subchapter III ('Declinations, Renewals and Cancellations of Property Insurance Contracts') sets the framework across two sections: (1) § 4122 originates the notice framework (proof-of-mailing, certified-mail requirements). (2) § 4130 restates the 30-day non-renewal notice and adds claims-history-based restrictions: an insurer may NOT refuse to renew solely because of weather-related claims unless 3+ weather claims occurred within the prior 36 months (or 2+ non-weather claims within 60 months; or 3+ combined claims within 48 months). Claims closed without payment are excluded from these thresholds. For cancellation, notice must be mailed/delivered at least 30 days before the effective date, except 10 days for non-payment of premium. Delaware does NOT have a standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium.", "value_json": { "notice_framework_statute": "18 Del. C. § 4122", "nonrenewal_and_claims_history_statute": "18 Del. C. § 4130", "subchapter": "Title 18, Ch. 41, Subch. III", "cancellation_notice_days": 30, "cancellation_nonpayment_notice_days": 10, "nonrenewal_notice_days": 30, "reason_required": true, "claims_history_nonrenewal_restriction": { "weather_claims_threshold": "3+ in prior 36 months", "nonweather_claims_threshold": "2+ in prior 60 months", "combined_claims_threshold": "3+ in prior 48 months", "exclusion": "claims closed without payment are NOT counted toward these thresholds", "rule": "insurer may not refuse renewal solely because of claims unless one of these thresholds is met" }, "post_disaster_moratorium": "none standing" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title18/c041/sc03/index.html", "source_name": "18 Del. C. Ch. 41, Subch. III (§§ 4122 + 4130): Delaware Code Online (official)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-142 (2026-05-15): MATERIAL correction. (1) The § 4130 claims-history-based non-renewal restriction was entirely absent — material consumer protection (an insurer cannot refuse renewal solely because of weather claims unless 3+ have occurred in the prior 36 months; similar thresholds for non-weather and combined). Claims closed without payment are excluded from the count. (2) The notice framework actually originates in § 4122 (proof-of-mailing, certified-mail); § 4130 restates the 30-day notice and ADDS the claims-history restriction. Both sections separated in value_json. (3) Source_url moved from Justia (403-blocked on fetch) to the Delaware Code Online official canonical." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Delaware has not seen wholesale carrier exits; pressure is minor and concentrated on coastal Sussex County (higher hurricane deductibles, some tighter underwriting near the beach). No major national carrier had announced a full Delaware homeowners exit as of May 2026. Verify any specific carrier action before naming it.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": null, "action": "no confirmed major-carrier DE homeowners exit as of May 2026; minor coastal-Sussex pressure (higher hurricane deductibles, tighter beach-area underwriting)", "date": "2020-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.delaware.gov/", "source_name": "Delaware Department of Insurance", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No specific named-carrier exit verified. Needs manual check." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://insurance.delaware.gov/divisions/consumerhp/need-insurance/", "value_json": { "url": "https://insurance.delaware.gov/divisions/consumerhp/need-insurance/", "main_site": "https://insurance.delaware.gov/", "regulator": "Delaware Department of Insurance" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.delaware.gov/divisions/consumerhp/need-insurance/", "source_name": "Delaware Department of Insurance", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "The Delaware DOI 'Need Insurance?' page points consumers to the FAIR Plan; confirmed as a working URL in search. Verify it still resolves before publishing." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "18 Del. C. Title 18 (Insurance Code), Chapter 41, Subchapter II ('Basic Property Insurance', §§ 4103-4113: § 4103 defines basic property insurance, § 4106 establishes the Industry Placement Facility, § 4109 a back-up joint underwriting association, § 4110 operations); originally enacted via House Bill 712 (Delaware General Assembly, 1968), with the Facility commencing October 28, 1968. (Cancellation/non-renewal rules are in the adjacent Subchapter III, §§ 4122-4130.)", "value_json": { "citation": "18 Del. C. §§ 4103-4113 (Title 18, Ch. 41, Subch. II)", "origin": "House Bill 712 (Delaware General Assembly, 1968); Facility operating since 1968-10-28", "nonrenewal_statute": "18 Del. C. §§ 4122-4130 (Subch. III)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title18/c041/sc02/index.html", "source_name": "Delaware Code Online (18 Del. C. Ch. 41, Subch. II)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Statutory basis confirmed from delcode.delaware.gov (Title 18, Ch. 41, Subch. II) and the plan's own history (HB 712, 1968). Added per the standard 15-field schema (the prior compiled DE file lacked a dedicated statute row)." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "The Insurance Placement Facility of Delaware is funded by premiums plus assessments on member insurers (all admitted Delaware property insurers, by market share); no federal/state/local funds support it. It is administered jointly with other Mid-Atlantic placement facilities, the administrative office is in Philadelphia, PA, and the FAIR Plan is reached at (800) 462-4972 (the direct Philadelphia line is (215) 629-8800). Coastal Sussex County FAIR Plan policies carry a mandatory $2,000 hurricane deductible in five specified zip codes. The $500K (occupied) / $335K (vacant) dwelling cap and the named-peril/no-liability/no-theft form are the limits homeowners most often run into.", "value_json": { "funding": "premium + member-insurer assessments; no public funds", "admin": "Philadelphia, PA (shared Mid-Atlantic administration); FAIR Plan phone (800) 462-4972; direct line (215) 629-8800", "coastal_hurricane_deductible_usd": 2000, "dwelling_caps_usd": { "occupied": 500000, "vacant": 335000 } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.defairplan.com/", "source_name": "Insurance Placement Facility of Delaware", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-12", "notes": "Funding, shared Philadelphia administration, the $2,000 coastal hurricane deductible, and (800) 462-4972 (the FAIR Plan number, NOT 1-800-492-5670, which is the Maryland JIA's; corrected 2026-05-12), and the dwelling caps all confirmed from defairplan.com, the Delaware DOI, and PropertyCasualty360 (July 2024)." } ] }, { "code": "FL", "name": "Florida", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/florida-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "state-run residual market insurer" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.citizensfla.com/", "source_name": "Citizens Property Insurance Corporation", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Florida's residual-market insurer (not a traditional FAIR Plan). Created 2002 by merging the Florida Residential Property & Casualty Joint Underwriting Association and the Florida Windstorm Underwriting Association." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Citizens Property Insurance Corporation", "value_json": { "name": "Citizens Property Insurance Corporation" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.citizensfla.com/", "source_name": "Citizens Property Insurance Corporation", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Government entity created by the Florida Legislature; not-for-profit, tax-exempt." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.citizensfla.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.citizensfla.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.citizensfla.com/", "source_name": "Citizens Property Insurance Corporation", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": null }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Offers full multi-peril homeowners (HO-3), dwelling fire (DP-3), condo unit-owner (HO-6), tenant (HO-4), mobile/manufactured home, commercial residential and commercial non-residential policies, plus wind-only (HW-2/CW) policies in eligible coastal areas. HO-3 covers windstorm/hail (including hurricane) by default; sinkhole loss is an optional endorsement. Does NOT cover flood, and Citizens personal residential policies that include wind coverage are now required to maintain a separate flood policy. Liability included on homeowners forms (not on wind-only or DP-3).", "value_json": { "policy_types": [ "HO-3", "DP-3", "HO-6", "HO-4", "mobile home", "commercial residential", "commercial non-residential", "wind-only (HW-2/CW)" ], "perils_default": [ "fire", "windstorm/hail (incl. hurricane)", "lightning", "etc. (named-peril or open-peril per form)" ], "optional": [ "sinkhole loss" ], "exclusions": [ "flood (separate policy; mandatory if wind coverage)", "earth movement other than sinkhole endorsement" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.citizensfla.com/coverages", "source_name": "Citizens Property Insurance Corporation", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Flood-purchase requirement for wind-coverage policies phased in 2024-2027 per SB 2A (2022). Sinkhole endorsement availability confirmed on Citizens site and Fla. Stat. 627.706/627.712." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "$700,000 (Coverage A / dwelling replacement cost) statewide; up to $1,000,000 in Miami-Dade and Monroe counties.", "value_json": { "standard_amount": 700000, "miami_dade_monroe_amount": 1000000, "currency": "USD" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.citizensfla.com/documents/20702/35182283/2026+Rate+Kit.pdf", "source_name": "Citizens Property Insurance 2026 Rate Kit", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-13", "notes": "$700K standard / $1M Miami-Dade & Monroe confirmed in the Citizens 2026 Rate Kit. Statutory basis Fla. Stat. 627.351(6); 2024 SB 1106 (would have raised to $1M statewide) did not pass." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "no", "value_json": { "status": "no" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.citizensfla.com/coverages", "source_name": "Citizens Property Insurance Corporation", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Citizens writes full homeowners (HO-3) policies, not stripped fire-only forms, so a DIC/wrap is not the standard pattern (unlike California FAIR Plan or Texas FAIR Plan). The relevant supplemental purchase in Florida is flood (NFIP or private), now mandatory for wind-covered Citizens policies. Wind-only Citizens policies do require a companion ex-wind policy from another carrier." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Eligible only if coverage is not available from an admitted (authorized) Florida insurer, OR the lowest premium offered by an admitted insurer is more than 20% above the comparable Citizens premium (the '20% rule'). If a private carrier offers comparable coverage within 20% of the Citizens premium, the applicant/policyholder is ineligible for Citizens. The 20% threshold also governs depopulation/take-out: a policyholder who receives a take-out offer within 20% of their Citizens renewal premium must move to the private carrier.", "value_json": { "rule": "no admitted-carrier offer within 20% of comparable Citizens premium", "threshold_pct": 20, "applies_to": [ "new applications", "depopulation/take-out" ] }, "unit": "%", "source_url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2024/627.351", "source_name": "Fla. Stat. 627.351(6)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "20% rule is statutory (Fla. Stat. 627.351(6)). Confirmed by Citizens depopulation reporting (Jan-Oct 2025: of 416,233 take-out policies, all but 14,732 fell below the 20% threshold and were barred by law from staying with Citizens). source_url upgraded from Lewis Insurance agency blog to flsenate.gov statute direct per data-verifier-Wave-12 P1 (2026-05-16)." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through a licensed, Citizens-appointed insurance agent. Citizens does not sell directly to consumers. Find an appointed agent via the agent locator at citizensfla.com.", "value_json": { "channel": "Citizens-appointed licensed agent", "locator_url": "https://www.citizensfla.com/agent-locator" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.citizensfla.com/", "source_name": "Citizens Property Insurance Corporation", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Agents must be appointed by Citizens to bind coverage." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Historically priced BELOW the private market (the main reason Citizens grew so large), but Florida law requires Citizens to be 'actuarially sound' and not undercut the private market, hence the 20%-rule eligibility test and the annual 'glide path' that ratchets rates toward adequacy. For most policyholders Citizens is now within ~20% of (or above) private quotes; for some high-risk coastal homes it can still be cheaper than private/E&S options.", "value_json": { "positioning": "historically below market; statutorily required to move toward actuarial soundness; 20% rule + glide path" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.citizensfla.com/-/20251210-citizens-recommends-rate-cuts-for-most-policyholders", "source_name": "Citizens Property Insurance Corporation", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Dec 2025: Citizens recommended rate CUTS for most policyholders for 2026 filings, a reversal from years of glide-path increases, reflecting the improved Florida market and reinsurance softening." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Policy count fell from a peak of ~1.42 million (October 2023) to 293,404 as of June 12, 2026, the lowest level since 2019, a ~79% drop, driven by aggressive depopulation/take-out (12+ private carriers took out approximately 546,000 policies across calendar year 2025) plus new carrier entry following the 2022-2023 reforms. The 2026 depopulation rounds are continuing month-over-month. In March 2026, OIR approved rate cuts for personal lines policyholders effective July 1, 2026: average 8.8% reduction for multiperil policies; average 5.5% reduction for wind-only policies (all personal lines policyholders see at least a 2% reduction). This follows Citizens' December 2025 Board recommendation, which projected average reductions of 11.5% for roughly 3 in 5 policyholders. In June 2026, Governor DeSantis signed SB 1028 (eff. June 16, 2026, Chapter 2026-150), which extends the Citizens clearinghouse mechanism to commercial lines: commercial residential risks become ineligible if an authorized insurer offers comparable coverage within 20% of the Citizens premium (or within 15% if only a surplus-lines offer is available); commercial non-residential risks are ineligible upon any authorized-insurer offer (15% threshold for surplus-lines offers). Commercial clearinghouses must be established by January 1, 2027. The 'glide path' caps personal-residential rate increases at 13% (2024), 14% (2025), 15% (2026). SB 2A (Dec 2022 special session) eliminated one-way attorney fees and assignment-of-benefits (AOB) litigation drivers; SB 76 (2021) had earlier restricted AOB and roofing solicitation. Flood-insurance purchase mandatory (phased 2024-2027) for Citizens personal residential policies with wind coverage.", "value_json": { "policy_count_peak": 1420000, "policy_count_peak_date": "2023-10", "policy_count_recent": 293404, "policy_count_recent_date": "2026-06-12", "depopulation_2025_takeouts": 546000, "depopulation_period": "2025-01 to 2025-12", "glide_path_caps_pct": { "2024": 13, "2025": 14, "2026": 15 }, "rate_cut_oir_approved": { "multiperil_avg_pct": -8.8, "wind_only_avg_pct": -5.5, "effective_date": "2026-07-01", "approved_date": "2026-03-04", "source_url": "https://www.citizensfla.com/-/20260304-citizens-2026-multiperil-rates-to-drop-statewide" }, "rate_cut_recommendation_date": "2025-12", "rate_cut_recommendation_subset_pct": -11.5, "rate_cut_recommendation_subset_description": "3-in-5 policyholders per Dec 2025 Board recommendation", "sb_1028_2026": { "signed_date": "2026-06-16", "chapter": "2026-150", "summary": "Extends clearinghouse to commercial lines; commercial residential 20%/15% thresholds (authorized/surplus); commercial non-residential any-offer/15% thresholds; commercial clearinghouses by 2027-01-01", "source_url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2026/1028" }, "key_reforms": [ "SB 76 (2021)", "SB 2A (Dec 2022 special session)", "SB 1028 (2026, eff. 2026-06-16)" ], "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2020, "value": 542739, "label": "542,739" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 1420000, "label": "1,420,000 (peak Oct)" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 1263055, "label": "1,263,055 (Sep)" }, { "year": 2025, "value": 395337, "label": "395,337 (Dec)" }, { "year": 2026, "value": 293404, "label": "293,404 (Jun 12)" } ], "current_commissioner": { "name": "Michael Yaworsky", "title": "Insurance Commissioner (4th)", "confirmed_date": "2023-03-01", "predecessor": "David Altmaier (resigned July 2022 to join Lockton; Susanne Murphy served as interim)", "source_url": "https://floir.gov/about-us/OIR-commissioner", "source_name": "Florida Office of Insurance Regulation - About the Commissioner" }, "chartable_source_url": "https://www.citizensfla.com/policies-in-force", "chartable_source_name": "Citizens Property Insurance Corporation - Policies in Force" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.citizensfla.com/policies-in-force", "source_name": "Citizens Property Insurance Corporation / Policies in Force public page", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier 72 (Group A, 2026-05-14): the 2026 depopulation cycle is continuing fast — PIF dropped from ~390K (Jan 2026) to 336,393 (Feb 28, 2026). Set needs_rescan: true because a falling policy count is the headline metric on this page and changes monthly during depopulation rounds. Glide-path percentages from Fla. Stat. 627.351(6) / 2022 legislation." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Florida law (Fla. Stat. 627.4133(2)(e)): for residential property policies, an insurer must give at least 120 days' written notice of non-renewal or cancellation (uniform; the prior 100-day tier was consolidated). Following a hurricane, an insurer may not cancel or non-renew a residential property policy covering a dwelling damaged by the hurricane until 90 days AFTER THE DAMAGED DWELLING HAS BEEN REPAIRED. For policies in force at least one year, insurers generally may not cancel mid-term except for specified reasons. Citizens take-out: a policyholder is not 'non-renewed' but is removed from Citizens if a participating carrier's take-out offer falls within 20% of the Citizens renewal premium.", "value_json": { "statute": "Fla. Stat. 627.4133(2)(e)", "nonrenewal_notice_days": 120, "post_hurricane_moratorium_days_after_repair": 90, "post_hurricane_moratorium_trigger": "90 days after the damaged dwelling has been repaired (not from state of emergency declaration)" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2024/0627.4133", "source_name": "Fla. Stat. 627.4133(2)(e) (2024 Florida Statutes)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-20", "notes": "Per data-verifier-106 (2026-05-15): the post-hurricane moratorium TRIGGER was wrong — prior phrasing said '90 days after a declared state of emergency'; statutory text §627.4133(2)(e) (confirmed flsenate.gov + leg.state.fl.us) says '90 days after the damaged dwelling has been REPAIRED'. The state-of-emergency framing is a common secondary-source paraphrase that materially understates the protection — repairs can take months, so the actual moratorium runs much longer than 90 days from a declared event. Critical YMYL fix." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Florida lost homeowners coverage from 30+ insurers in 2021-2023. Insolvencies/liquidations: United Property & Casualty (2023), FedNat / Maison (2022), Southern Fidelity (2022), Weston P&C (2022), Lighthouse Property Insurance (2022), Avatar P&C (2022), St. Johns Insurance (2022), American Capital Assurance (2021). Voluntary exits / non-renewal of homeowners: Farmers Insurance (announced July 2023, stopped writing/renewing FL home, auto, umbrella), AIG / Lexington (mid-2022, withdrew personal lines), Bankers Insurance (exit reported mid-2022). AAA (July 13, 2023) began non-renewing bundled auto+home+umbrella policies though continued some new business in lower-exposure areas. Progressive (2022) non-renewed ~56,000 FL homeowners (mostly DP-3 / older roofs). Market has since stabilized, 10+ new carriers entered 2023-2025.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "United Property & Casualty", "action": "insolvent / liquidated", "date": "2023-02" }, { "carrier": "FedNat / Maison", "action": "insolvent / liquidated", "date": "2022" }, { "carrier": "Southern Fidelity", "action": "insolvent / liquidated", "date": "2022" }, { "carrier": "Weston Property & Casualty", "action": "insolvent / liquidated", "date": "2022" }, { "carrier": "Lighthouse Property Insurance", "action": "insolvent / liquidated", "date": "2022" }, { "carrier": "Avatar Property & Casualty", "action": "insolvent / liquidated", "date": "2022" }, { "carrier": "St. Johns Insurance", "action": "insolvent / liquidated", "date": "2022" }, { "carrier": "Farmers Insurance", "action": "announced exit, stopped new + renewal FL home/auto/umbrella", "date": "2023-07" }, { "carrier": "AIG / Lexington", "action": "withdrew personal homeowners lines", "date": "2022" }, { "carrier": "Bankers Insurance", "action": "exited FL homeowners", "date": "2022" }, { "carrier": "AAA (Auto Club)", "action": "non-renewing bundled auto+home+umbrella; limiting risk", "date": "2023-07-13" }, { "carrier": "Progressive", "action": "non-renewed ~56,000 FL homeowners (older roofs / DP-3)", "date": "2022" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.figafacts.com/", "source_name": "Florida Insurance Guaranty Association (figafacts.com)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Insolvency list from Florida Insurance Guaranty Association. Farmers/AIG/AAA exits widely reported with dates. Note: the trend reversed 2024-2025, new entrants and Citizens depopulation. Frame on the page as a 2021-2023 crisis that has since stabilized." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://myfloridacfo.com/division/consumers/purchasingInsurance", "value_json": { "url": "https://myfloridacfo.com/division/consumers/purchasingInsurance", "regulator": "Florida Office of Insurance Regulation (OIR) + Department of Financial Services (DFS) consumer services" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.floir.com/", "source_name": "Florida Office of Insurance Regulation", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Florida splits regulation: OIR (floir.com) regulates rates/companies; DFS / CFO consumer services (myfloridacfo.com) handles consumer help. Verify exact deep links before publishing." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "Citizens has the power to levy assessments on most Florida property/casualty policyholders statewide (not just its own customers) if it runs a deficit after a major hurricane season, a 'hurricane tax.' It maintains a large surplus (~$5-6B+ accumulated) and buys substantial reinsurance to reduce assessment risk. SB 2A (Dec 2022 special session) created the Florida Optional Reinsurance Assistance (FORA) program and eliminated one-way attorney's fees + AOB in property claims, which sharply cut litigation. The 'My Safe Florida Home' program offers grants for wind-mitigation retrofits (and a Citizens-specific version). Roof age is a major underwriting factor across the FL market.", "value_json": { "assessment_power": "statewide policyholder assessments on deficit (hurricane tax)", "surplus_approx_usd": 6000000000, "key_2022_reform": "SB 2A, eliminated one-way attorney fees + AOB; created FORA", "mitigation_programs": [ "My Safe Florida Home" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.citizensfla.com/-/content-citizens-financials", "source_name": "Citizens Property Insurance Corporation", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Assessment mechanism and surplus are well-documented; exact surplus figure changes annually, needs manual check. SB 2A reforms confirmed via Florida Legislature." } ] }, { "code": "GA", "name": "Georgia", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/georgia-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan + statewide underwriting association (includes a coastal wind/hail area)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.georgiaunderwriting.com/", "source_name": "Georgia Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Georgia's FAIR Plan is the Georgia Underwriting Association (GUA), established under O.C.G.A. Title 33, Chapter 33 ('Fair Access to Insurance Requirements'). It also runs a designated Windstorm and Hail Area covering coastal counties/islands." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Georgia Underwriting Association (GUA)", "value_json": { "name": "Georgia Underwriting Association" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.georgiaunderwriting.com/", "source_name": "Georgia Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "O.C.G.A. § 33-33-1 establishes the FAIR Plan and the underwriting association." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.georgiaunderwriting.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.georgiaunderwriting.com/", "policy_portal": "https://policy.georgiaunderwriting.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.georgiaunderwriting.com/", "source_name": "Georgia Underwriting Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Confirm exact URL, GUA site is georgiaunderwriting.com; a customer portal exists at policy.georgiaunderwriting.com." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Personal-lines options include a Basic Homeowners (HO-8) form and a Dwelling Fire (DP-1) form, plus a wind/hail-only policy in eligible coastal areas, and commercial fire. Named-peril coverage: fire, lightning, windstorm/hail, vandalism and malicious mischief, etc. Optional add-ons: $100,000 personal liability / $1,000 medical payments, limited theft, limited water damage. Does NOT cover flood. The coastal Windstorm and Hail Area policies cover wind/hail only and pair with a separate ex-wind primary policy.", "value_json": { "policy_types": [ "Basic Homeowners HO-8", "Dwelling Fire DP-1", "wind/hail-only (coastal)", "commercial fire" ], "named_perils": [ "fire", "lightning", "windstorm/hail", "vandalism and malicious mischief" ], "optional": [ "$100,000 personal liability / $1,000 med-pay", "limited theft", "limited water damage" ], "exclusions": [ "flood" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.georgiaunderwriting.com/", "source_name": "Georgia Underwriting Association (official plan operator)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Form types (HO-8, DP-1), liability/theft/water-damage options, and the coastal wind/hail area from GUA materials and statute. Confirm exact current form names/options against GUA's published comparison sheet before publishing. Per data-verifier-Wave-21 L13g sweep (2026-05-16): source_url migrated from law.justia.com mirror (third-party, 403) to Georgia General Assembly public code portal (LexisNexis) per L13g-CRIT/L19. legis.ga.gov hosts bills but no browsable codified code with stable deep-link URLs; lexisnexis.com/hottopics/gacode/ is the GA-designated official free-access portal." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "Up to $2,000,000 dwelling coverage (residential) per the GUA member-distribution underwriting materials.", "value_json": { "amount": 2000000, "currency": "USD" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://oci.georgia.gov/insurance-resources/home", "source_name": "Georgia Office of Insurance Commissioner (consumer resources) / Georgia Underwriting Association member-distribution materials", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "$2M figure derives from GUA's member-distribution underwriting materials (the Plan of Operation is not posted publicly on gua-ga.org). Source URL changed 2026-05-16 from U.S. News (L13h denylisted aggregator) to the Georgia OCI consumer-resources hub which is the right authoritative landing surface for a consumer-facing Georgia property-insurance reference. needs_rescan: true pending direct GUA Plan of Operation PDF or NAIC residual-market market-share table confirmation." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "typical (for the HO-8/DP-1 forms and coastal wind-only policies)", "value_json": { "status": "typical" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.georgiaunderwriting.com/", "source_name": "Georgia Underwriting Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "GUA's HO-8/DP-1 forms are narrower than a standard HO-3; policyholders commonly add separate liability, theft, water-damage and flood coverage. Coastal wind-only policies require a companion ex-wind policy. Not a single named 'DIC' product." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "FAIR Plan / market of last resort: available to any person with an insurable interest in Georgia property who is unable to obtain property insurance in the standard (admitted) market. Georgia does not publish a fixed numeric declination count in statute; the practical gate is that GUA only writes risks the voluntary market won't. Property must meet GUA underwriting standards (condition, occupancy, etc.).", "value_json": { "rule": "insurable interest + unable to obtain coverage in the standard market" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.georgiaunderwriting.com/", "source_name": "Georgia Underwriting Association (official plan operator) / O.C.G.A. § 33-33-1", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Statutory basis confirmed; verify whether GUA's Plan of Operation specifies a declination count. Per data-verifier-Wave-21 L13g sweep (2026-05-16): source_url migrated from law.justia.com mirror (third-party, 403) to Georgia General Assembly public code portal (LexisNexis) per L13g-CRIT/L19. legis.ga.gov hosts bills but no browsable codified code with stable deep-link URLs; lexisnexis.com/hottopics/gacode/ is the GA-designated official free-access portal." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through a licensed Georgia insurance agent. GUA does not sell directly to consumers; agents submit applications via the GUA producer/policy portal.", "value_json": { "channel": "licensed Georgia agent via GUA portal", "portal_url": "https://policy.georgiaunderwriting.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.georgiaunderwriting.com/", "source_name": "Georgia Underwriting Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": null }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market for narrower coverage (HO-8 actual-cash-value basis, named-peril, optional/limited theft and water damage, large hurricane percentage deductibles on coastal policies, e.g. a 2% hurricane deductible on a $400,000 home is $8,000 before the insurer pays).", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, narrower coverage; large coastal hurricane deductibles" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://oci.georgia.gov/insurance-resources/home", "source_name": "Georgia Office of Insurance Commissioner (consumer resources) / industry standard residual-market product structure", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Source URL changed 2026-05-16 from U.S. News (L13h denylisted aggregator) to the Georgia OCI consumer-resources hub. The HO-8 ACV / named-peril positioning is the standard residual-market FAIR Plan product structure across most states; the Georgia-specific application of large hurricane percentage deductibles is well-corroborated." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Georgia homeowners premiums rose approximately 8.6-9% in 2025 (vs approximately 5.6% national) and approximately 24% cumulatively 2023-2025, approximately 39.7% since 2021; approximately 10% further increase projected for 2026. Driver: Hurricane Helene (landfall September 2024) plus severe convective storms; many insurers filed rate increases late 2024 and early 2025 hitting renewals through 2025-2026. Non-renewals spiked, focused on roof condition. Georgia SB 35 (enrolled as Act 277, signed 2025; effective 2026-01-01) extended the homeowners non-renewal notice period from 30 days to 60 days (codified at O.C.G.A. Section 33-24-46). Georgia HB 1344 (Insurance Affordability and Claims Integrity Act), signed by Governor Kemp in May 2026, effective July 1, 2026, adds significant new consumer protections: (1) insurers must give homeowners 60 days to correct issues identified via aerial or satellite imagery before taking adverse underwriting action (non-renewal or cancellation); (2) insurer fine caps raised approximately five-fold, up to $5,000 per unfair-trade-practice violation and up to $15,000 for cease-and-desist violations; (3) a wind-mitigation grant program established (matching grants for roof and structural retrofits under the Fortified Homes program); (4) policyholders guaranteed at least two years to file property and casualty claims; (5) cracks down on insurance fraud runners and cappers. GUA policy count has grown alongside the broader market tightening; confirm exact figure.", "value_json": { "ho_rate_increase_2025_pct": 8.6, "ho_rate_increase_cumulative_2023_2025_pct": 24, "ho_rate_increase_since_2021_pct": 39.7, "ho_rate_increase_2026_projected_pct": 10, "key_event": "Hurricane Helene (2024-09)", "act_277_nonrenewal_notice_change": "30 -> 60 days, signed 2025-05", "hb_1344": { "title": "Insurance Affordability and Claims Integrity Act", "signed": "2026-05", "effective": "2026-07-01", "provisions": [ "insurers must give 60 days to correct aerial/satellite-imagery-identified property issues before adverse underwriting action", "fine caps raised: up to $5,000 per unfair-trade-practice violation; up to $15,000 for cease-and-desist violations", "wind-mitigation matching grant program established (Fortified Homes program)", "policyholders guaranteed at least 2 years to file property and casualty claims", "insurance fraud runners/cappers provisions strengthened" ] }, "current_commissioner": { "name": "John F. King", "title": "Insurance and Safety Fire Commissioner", "confirmed_date": "2023-01-09", "predecessor": "Jim Beck (suspended 2019 under federal indictment, convicted October 2021 on 37 counts of fraud/money laundering)", "source_url": "https://oci.georgia.gov/about-us/john-f-king", "source_name": "Georgia Office of Insurance and Safety Fire Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 10, "label": "10" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 14, "label": "14" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 13, "label": "13" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Georgia billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/GA", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/southeast/2026/03/04/860355.htm", "source_name": "Insurance Journal / Georgia Governor's Office signed legislation 2026", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Rate-increase percentages from Georgia Watch / Live Insurance News / a secondary aggregator state data. Act 277 30->60 day change reported by Insurance Journal and IIAG. Confirm GUA's current policy count from GUA annual report." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Georgia (O.C.G.A. § 33-24-46, 'Cancellation or nonrenewal of certain property insurance policies'; amended by SB 35, enrolled as Act 277, effective 2026-01-01): a homeowners insurer must give at least 60 days' written notice of non-renewal (increased from 30 days). The Commissioner of Insurance may issue orders or bulletins after a declared disaster, but Georgia does NOT have a standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium.", "value_json": { "statute": "O.C.G.A. § 33-24-46 (amended by SB 35 / Act 277, signed 2025; effective 2026-01-01)", "nonrenewal_notice_days": 60, "nonrenewal_notice_days_prior": 30, "post_disaster_moratorium": "none standing; Commissioner may order" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://gov.georgia.gov/document/2025-signed-legislation/sb-35/download", "source_name": "Georgia SB 35 (enrolled as Act 277) / O.C.G.A. § 33-24-46", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-130 (2026-05-15): MATERIAL correction on three counts. (1) Statute citation O.C.G.A. § 33-24-44 was wrong — § 33-24-44 is general cancellation, not homeowners non-renewal. The notice rule lives in § 33-24-46 ('Cancellation or nonrenewal of certain property insurance policies'). (2) The bill is SB 35 (Senate), not HB 277 (a 2025 GA environmental-standards bill). The Act number 277 is correct — SB 35 was enrolled as Act 277. (3) Effective date is 2026-01-01 (was 'effective 2025/2026'). Also removed `cancellation_protection_after_days: 60` (enumerated-grounds-after-60-days rule) — not present in § 33-24-46." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Georgia has not seen wholesale carrier exits. The pressure is rate increases (~8-10%/yr) and a spike in non-renewals tied to roof age/condition, carriers (including major nationals) tightening roof-age underwriting and non-renewing older-roof homes statewide, plus tighter coastal (Savannah/Brunswick/Golden Isles) underwriting. No major national carrier had announced a full Georgia homeowners exit as of early 2026. Verify any specific carrier action before naming it.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": null, "action": "no confirmed major-carrier GA homeowners exit as of early 2026; pressure is rate increases + roof-age non-renewals + tighter coastal underwriting", "date": "2024-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/southeast/2026/03/04/860355.htm", "source_name": "Insurance Journal (Georgia homeowners market, March 2026); Georgia OCI", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "No specific carrier-exit announcement verified. Needs manual check before naming carriers." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://oci.georgia.gov/insurance-resources/home", "value_json": { "url": "https://oci.georgia.gov/insurance-resources/home", "regulator": "Office of Commissioner of Insurance and Safety Fire (oci.georgia.gov)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://oci.georgia.gov/", "source_name": "Georgia Office of Insurance and Safety Fire Commissioner", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Verify exact deep link." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "GUA deficits are funded by assessments on member insurers (all admitted GA property insurers, in proportion to market share). GUA buys reinsurance for catastrophe losses, particularly in the coastal Windstorm and Hail Area (six coastal counties / barrier islands). Directive 25-EX-7 (2025) addresses GUA / FAIR Plan filing requirements (specifically GUA paying its own premium taxes directly to OCI starting tax year 2025 — an administrative tax-filing change), not roof-age underwriting. Georgia's broader 2025-2026 home-insurance debate has centered on tort/litigation reforms; the Insurance Commissioner publishes annual rate-comparison data.", "value_json": { "funding": "member-insurer assessments + reinsurance", "coastal_area": "designated Windstorm and Hail Area (~6 coastal counties / barrier islands)", "policy_debate": "roof-age underwriting; Directive 25-EX-7" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://oci.georgia.gov/document/directive/directive-25-ex-7-georgia-underwriting-fair-plan-filing-requirements/download", "source_name": "Georgia Office of Insurance and Safety Fire Commissioner", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Funding structure and coastal area well-established; confirm the exact coastal county list against the GUA Plan of Operation." } ] }, { "code": "HI", "name": "Hawaii", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/hawaii-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "mechanisms": [ "Hawaii Property Insurance Association (HPIA, FAIR Plan; basic property / all perils except hurricane)", "Hawaii Hurricane Relief Fund (HHRF, reactivated 2024; hurricane-only excess coverage for condo/townhouse AOAOs)" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.hpiainfo.com/", "source_name": "Hawaii Property Insurance Association / Hawaii DCCA Insurance Division", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Hawaii's FAIR Plan is the Hawaii Property Insurance Association (HPIA), created by the 1991 Hawaii Legislature (first policy issued March 1992) under Haw. Rev. Stat. ch. 431, Article 21. Hawaii also operates the Hawaii Hurricane Relief Fund (HHRF) under Haw. Rev. Stat. ch. 431P, created in 1993 after Hurricane Iniki, dormant for years, and REACTIVATED in 2024 by Gov. Green; expanded/funded via SB 1044 (Act 296, 2025) to provide hurricane-only excess coverage to condominium/townhouse Associations of Apartment Owners (AOAOs). Confirmed on hpiainfo.com, the Hawaii DCCA Insurance Division (cca.hawaii.gov/ins), PropertyCasualty360's State FAIR Plans reference (July 2024), and the III FAIR-Plans-by-state table." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Hawaii Property Insurance Association (HPIA); Hawaii Hurricane Relief Fund (HHRF)", "value_json": { "fair_plan": "Hawaii Property Insurance Association", "fair_plan_abbrev": "HPIA", "hurricane_fund": "Hawaii Hurricane Relief Fund", "hurricane_fund_abbrev": "HHRF" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.hpiainfo.com/", "source_name": "Hawaii Property Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "HPIA confirmed from hpiainfo.com (the official HPIA site) and PropertyCasualty360. HHRF confirmed from the DCCA Insurance Division (cca.hawaii.gov/ins/hhrf/)." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.hpiainfo.com/ (HPIA); HHRF via DCCA Insurance Division (https://cca.hawaii.gov/ins/hhrf/)", "value_json": { "hpia_url": "https://www.hpiainfo.com/", "hpia_coverage_page": "https://www.hpiainfo.com/coverage-information/coverage-offered/", "hhrf_info": "https://cca.hawaii.gov/ins/hhrf/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.hpiainfo.com/", "source_name": "Hawaii Property Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "CORRECTION: the HPIA's official website is hpiainfo.com (NOT 'hpia-hi.com', which the earlier compiled file used and flagged as needing verification, hpia-hi.com did not resolve in May 2026). HHRF information lives on the Hawaii DCCA Insurance Division site at cca.hawaii.gov/ins/hhrf/." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "HPIA (FAIR Plan): basic property insurance on four policies, a Dwelling policy (ISO DP 00 02 form), a Homeowner's policy (HO 00 02), a Renter's policy (HO 00 04), and a Unit-owner's policy (HO 00 06), covering up to 16 named perils: fire or lightning; windstorm or hail; explosion; riot or civil commotion; aircraft; vehicles; smoke; vandalism; theft; falling objects; weight of ice/snow/sleet; accidental discharge or overflow of water or steam; sudden and accidental tearing apart of a steam/hot-water heating system; freezing; sudden and accidental damage from artificially generated electrical current; volcanic eruption. HPIA does NOT cover hurricane (the HHRF and the private market handle that) and does NOT cover flood. HPIA has historically been the principal market for residential property in Lava Zones 1 and 2 on Hawaii Island. Under SB 1044 (Act 296, 2025) HPIA's powers were expanded so it can write property insurance (all perils except hurricane) for eligible condominium/townhouse buildings statewide, and, if the Insurance Commissioner and HPIA find a market failure, for townhomes, single-family homes and other property categories. HHRF: hurricane ONLY, written as EXCESS coverage above the first $10 million of insured value for eligible condo/townhouse AOAOs (the AOAO must carry separate primary hurricane coverage for the first $10M).", "value_json": { "hpia_forms": [ "ISO DP 00 02 (Dwelling)", "HO 00 02 (Homeowner's)", "HO 00 04 (Renter's)", "HO 00 06 (Unit-owner's)" ], "hpia_named_perils": [ "fire or lightning", "windstorm or hail", "explosion", "riot or civil commotion", "aircraft", "vehicles", "smoke", "vandalism", "theft", "falling objects", "weight of ice/snow/sleet", "accidental discharge or overflow of water or steam", "sudden/accidental tearing apart of a steam or hot-water heating system", "freezing", "sudden/accidental damage from artificially generated electrical current", "volcanic eruption" ], "hpia_excludes": [ "hurricane", "flood" ], "hpia_lava_zone_role": "principal market for Lava Zones 1-2 residential property on Hawaii Island", "hpia_sb1044_expansion": "may write all-perils-except-hurricane coverage for condo/townhouse buildings statewide; may extend to townhomes/single-family/other if market failure found", "hhrf_perils": [ "hurricane only, excess above first $10M of insured value" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.propertycasualty360.com/fcs/2024/07/22/state-fair-plans-2/", "source_name": "PropertyCasualty360: State FAIR Plans reference (July 2024) / Hawaii Property Insurance Association / Hawaii DCCA Insurance Division", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "HPIA's four forms (DP 00 02, HO 00 02/04/06), the 16 named perils, and the deductible range confirmed from PropertyCasualty360's State FAIR Plans reference (July 2024) and hpiainfo.com. HPIA excludes hurricane and flood; lava-zone role confirmed from DCCA and HPIA history. SB 1044 (Act 296, 2025) HPIA expansion confirmed from DCCA / Hawaii legislature / Insurance Business America / Hawaii Tribune-Herald reporting. HHRF $10M-excess hurricane structure confirmed from cca.hawaii.gov/ins/hhrf/ and SB 1044 reporting. Previously a 'medium' row; now upgraded to high confidence." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "HPIA: maximum Coverage A (dwelling) limit is $450,000; policy limits range from $50,000 to $450,000 (deductibles $500 / $1,000 / $2,000 / $3,000). For the HHRF (hurricane excess for condo/townhouse AOAOs): coverage attaches as EXCESS above the first $10 million of insured value (the AOAO buys separate primary for the first $10M), and the maximum HHRF policy is $140 million, these are per-building TIV-layer figures, not a per-dwelling Coverage A cap.", "value_json": { "hpia_coverage_a_max_usd": 450000, "hpia_coverage_a_min_usd": 50000, "hpia_deductible_options_usd": [ 500, 1000, 2000, 3000 ], "hhrf_attachment_point_usd": 10000000, "hhrf_max_policy_usd": 140000000, "hhrf_structure": "hurricane excess above first $10M TIV; AOAO buys separate primary for first $10M", "currency": "USD" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.hpiainfo.com/coverage-information/coverage-offered/", "source_name": "Hawaii Property Insurance Association / Hawaii DCCA Insurance Division", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "HPIA $450,000 maximum Dwelling Limit (policy limits $50K-$450K; deductibles $500/$1,000/$2,000/$3,000) confirmed from hpiainfo.com coverage pages and PropertyCasualty360's State FAIR Plans reference (July 2024), which independently gives 'limits for Coverage A Dwelling up to $450,000'. HHRF $10M attachment / $140M max policy confirmed from cca.hawaii.gov/ins/hhrf/. This row was previously null/unverified for HPIA; now upgraded to high confidence. NOTE: $450K is low relative to current Hawaii dwelling values, many homes (including Lava Zone properties) cannot be fully insured by HPIA. SB 1044's authority for HPIA to write condo-building coverage is not a per-dwelling cap; pull HPIA's current Plan of Operation for any post-SB-1044 limit changes on the new condo-building product." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "structurally layered (for condos): a private/E&S primary hurricane policy for the first $10M of TIV + the HHRF hurricane excess above $10M + HPIA (or private) coverage for all non-hurricane perils. For single-family homes, HPIA is paired with a separate hurricane policy where the private market will write one.", "value_json": { "status": "structurally layered for condos; paired-with-hurricane for single-family" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://cca.hawaii.gov/ins/hhrf/", "source_name": "Hawaii DCCA Insurance Division", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Condo associations now layer: a private/E&S primary hurricane policy (first $10M), the HHRF hurricane excess (above $10M, up to a $140M max policy), and HPIA or private coverage for non-hurricane perils. No California-style single 'DIC' product is marketed in Hawaii." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "HPIA (FAIR Plan): available to property owners with an insurable interest in Hawaii property who cannot obtain coverage in the private market (historically the principal market for properties in Lava Zones 1 and 2 on Hawaii Island); PropertyCasualty360 reports HPIA requires the property to have been declined by two licensed residential property insurers. Applications must come through a licensed Hawaii P&C agent, with a $250 deposit premium to bind. HHRF: an Association of Apartment Owners (AOAO) of a condominium or townhouse must apply through a licensed insurance producer; coverage is hurricane only, written as excess above the first $10M of insured value (the AOAO must buy separate primary hurricane coverage for the first $10M); HHRF policies have a one-year term and do NOT auto-renew (the AOAO must reapply annually). HHRF started accepting applications June 24, 2025.", "value_json": { "hpia_rule": "insurable interest + unable to obtain coverage in the private market (incl. Lava Zones 1-2); declined by 2 residential property insurers (per PropertyCasualty360)", "hpia_bind_deposit_usd": 250, "hhrf_applicant": "AOAO of a condo/townhouse, via licensed producer", "hhrf_attachment_point_usd": 10000000, "hhrf_structure": "hurricane excess above first $10M TIV; AOAO buys separate primary for first $10M", "hhrf_term": "one year, no auto-renewal, reapply annually", "hhrf_applications_opened": "2025-06-24" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://cca.hawaii.gov/ins/hawaii-hurricane-relief-fund-now-accepting-applications/", "source_name": "Hawaii DCCA Insurance Division / Hawaii Property Insurance Association / PropertyCasualty360", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "HPIA's 2-declination requirement and $250 bind deposit from PropertyCasualty360 (July 2024) and hpiainfo.com; HPIA's lava-zone role from DCCA/HPIA history. HHRF eligibility (AOAO via producer, hurricane-only excess above $10M, one-year non-renewing term, applications opened June 24, 2025) confirmed from the DCCA Insurance Division. Previously 'high' for HHRF but unverified for HPIA's declination count; now both confirmed." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "HPIA: through a licensed Hawaii property & casualty insurance agent (HPIA does not sell directly); a $250 deposit premium binds coverage, with the balance due on policy receipt. HHRF: a condominium/townhouse AOAO applies through its licensed insurance producer; HHRF is administered by the Hawaii DCCA Insurance Division / the HHRF board, which began accepting applications June 24, 2025.", "value_json": { "hpia_channel": "licensed Hawaii P&C agent only (no direct-to-consumer); $250 bind deposit", "hhrf_channel": "condo/townhouse AOAO via licensed producer; administered by DCCA Insurance Division / HHRF board", "hhrf_applications_opened": "2025-06-24" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.hpiainfo.com/", "source_name": "Hawaii Property Insurance Association / Hawaii DCCA Insurance Division", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "HPIA agent-only channel + $250 bind deposit confirmed from hpiainfo.com. HHRF producer channel + DCCA administration + June 24, 2025 application opening confirmed from cca.hawaii.gov/ins." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "HPIA: more expensive than the standard market for narrower coverage (and historically the only option for Lava Zone 1-2 properties), capped at $450K Coverage A. HHRF: a cheaper, state-backed alternative to E&S hurricane excess for condo/townhouse AOAOs, by late 2025/early 2026 associations that moved into the HHRF layer were reporting hurricane premiums down roughly 30-70%, and use of the fund was growing significantly.", "value_json": { "hpia": "more expensive, narrower coverage; $450K Coverage A cap", "hhrf": "cheaper than E&S hurricane excess; condo hurricane premiums down ~30-70% after moving in; usage growing" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/2025/12/30/state-competition-lowers-condo-insurance-prices/", "source_name": "Hawaii News Now / Hawaii DCCA Insurance Division / The Garden Island", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "~30-70% condo hurricane-premium drops reported by Hawaii News Now (Dec 2025) and corroborated by DCCA; 'use of the Hurricane Relief Fund grows significantly' reported by The Garden Island (April 2026)." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Hawaii condo insurance crisis (2023-2025): after the August 2023 Maui (Lahaina) wildfire and a hard global reinsurance market, roughly 375-390 condominium buildings became underinsured for hurricane; some AOAOs saw hurricane premiums spike by up to roughly 1,000%, and Fannie Mae/Freddie Mac's requirement of 100% hurricane coverage froze some condo mortgage lending. Universal Property & Casualty Insurance Company (UPC) exited Hawaii homeowners, condo, and renters statewide; last policies effective August 31, 2024; approximately 1,500 policies affected. Response: Gov. Green reactivated the dormant Hawaii Hurricane Relief Fund in 2024, and SB 1044 (Act 296, signed 2025) expanded HPIA's powers (it can now write all-perils-except-hurricane coverage for condo/townhouse buildings statewide), provided funding/appropriations, established a Condominium Loan Program to help buildings remain insurable, and directed the Insurance Commissioner to study market-stabilization strategies. The HHRF began accepting applications June 24, 2025 (hurricane-only excess above $10M TIV; one-year non-renewing policies; max $140M policy). By late 2025/early 2026, AOAOs in the HHRF layer reported hurricane premiums down roughly 30-70%, and fund usage was growing. HPIA also continues as the key writer for Lava Zone 1-2 residential property on Hawaii Island. III FAIR-Plans-by-state reporting shows roughly 2,402 HPIA habitational policies / roughly $0.93B exposure (a small figure, and pre-SB-1044). Commissioner Scott K. Saiki appointed July 16, 2025 (predecessor Jerry Bump returned to Chief Deputy role). 2026 developments: (1) Act 040 (HB2282, signed May 26, 2026; Sections 1-5 effective January 1, 2027): requires insurers to explain any premium increase at renewal upon written policyholder request; codifies residential property cancellation notice rules (20-day general / 10-day non-payment or misrepresentation / 30-day non-renewal) with specific-reason statement and mailing-proof requirements. (2) Commissioner's Memorandum 2026-4PC (April 2026): hurricane data call requiring all authorized Hawaii residential hurricane insurers to submit data to assess whether HHRF reactivation is affecting the single-family hurricane market, signaling possible HHRF expansion to single-family homes under study; responses were due May 4, 2026. (3) Oahu FEMA flood map update effective June 10, 2026: changes to the flood risk designation of over 3,500 parcels across Oahu (some newly designated as Special Flood Hazard Areas for the first time in over 10 years), potentially triggering mandatory flood insurance requirements for federally backed mortgages; Commissioner's Memorandum 2026-3A was issued.", "value_json": { "crisis_period": "2023-2025", "underinsured_condo_buildings_approx": 385, "max_condo_hurricane_premium_spike_pct": 1000, "upc_exit": { "carrier": "Universal Property & Casualty Insurance Company (UPC)", "action": "full market exit (homeowners, condo, renters statewide)", "nonrenewal_start": "anniversary dates on/after 2023-09-01", "last_effective": "2024-08-31", "policies_affected_approx": 1500, "geographic_concentration": "greatest on Hawaii Island", "source_url": "https://governor.hawaii.gov/newsroom/dcca-news-release-universal-property-casualty-to-exit-hawaii-insurance-market/" }, "hhrf_reactivated": "2024 (Gov. Green)", "key_legislation": "SB 1044 / Act 296 (2025), expanded HPIA, funded/reactivated HHRF, Condo Loan Program, Commissioner study", "hhrf_applications_opened": "2025-06-24", "hhrf_max_policy_usd": 140000000, "post_reform_condo_hurricane_premium_change_pct": "-30 to -70", "hpia_habitational_policies_approx": 2402, "source_year_policy_count": "III FY2024 reporting", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Scott K. Saiki", "title": "Insurance Commissioner", "confirmed_date": "2025-07-16", "predecessor": "Jerry Bump (returned to prior role as Chief Deputy Insurance Commissioner)", "source_url": "https://cca.hawaii.gov/ins/release-scott-saiki-appointed-hawaii-insurance-commissioner/", "source_name": "Hawaii Department of Commerce and Consumer Affairs - Insurance Commissioner" }, "act_040_2026": { "bill": "HB2282 / Act 040", "signed": "2026-05-26", "sections_1_5_effective": "2027-01-01", "requirements": [ "insurers must explain any premium increase at renewal upon written policyholder request", "residential property cancellation: 20-day general / 10-day non-payment or misrepresentation / 30-day non-renewal", "every notice must state specific reason; insurer must maintain mailing proof" ], "source_url": "https://www.insurancebusinessmag.com/us/news/risk-compliance-legal/hawaii-law-forces-insurers-to-explain-renewal-premium-increases-from-2027-576952.aspx" }, "commissioner_memo_2026_4pc": { "subject": "Hurricane Insurance Data Call", "issued": "2026-04", "responses_due": "2026-05-04", "purpose": "assess whether HHRF reactivation is affecting single-family hurricane coverage market; signals possible HHRF expansion to single-family homes under study", "source_url": "https://cca.hawaii.gov/ins/commissioners-memorandum-2026/" }, "oahu_fema_flood_map_update_2026": { "effective": "2026-06-10", "parcels_affected_over": 3500, "impact": "some parcels newly designated as Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) for first time; mandatory flood insurance may apply for federally backed mortgages", "commissioner_memo": "2026-3A", "source_url": "https://cca.hawaii.gov/ins/commissioners-memorandum-2026-3a-updated-flood-insurance-rate-maps/" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://cca.hawaii.gov/ins/release-governor-green-enacts-laws-to-stabilize-property-insurance-market/", "source_name": "Hawaii DCCA Insurance Division / Hawaii legislature (SB 1044, Act 040) / Governor's Office (UPC exit) / DCCA Commissioner's Memoranda 2026-4PC and 2026-3A / Insurance Information Institute", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Crisis facts, the 2024 HHRF reactivation, and SB 1044 / Act 296 (2025) confirmed from DCCA, the Hawaii legislature, KHON2, Civil Beat, Hawaii Tribune-Herald, and Insurance Business America. ~2,402 HPIA habitational policies / ~$0.93B exposure from III FAIR-Plans-by-state reporting (note: III excludes commercial policies for Hawaii). HHRF June 24, 2025 application opening and $140M max policy confirmed from cca.hawaii.gov/ins. Get current HPIA/HHRF figures from DCCA when refreshing." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Hawaii (Haw. Rev. Stat. § 431:10-226.5, amended by Act 110 / SB 752 signed 2025-05-29, effective 2026-01-01): for residential property insurance, a property insurer must give written notice of cancellation not fewer than 20 days before the effective date (raised from 10 days by Act 110), 10 days for non-payment or material misrepresentation (unchanged), and written notice of non-renewal not fewer than 30 days before the effective date (unchanged). If a longer period is required by the policy itself, the longer period applies. Hawaii does NOT have a standing automatic post-disaster non-renewal moratorium, but the Insurance Commissioner has issued bulletins after major events (e.g., the 2023 Maui fires) urging insurers not to non-renew solely because of a claim.", "value_json": { "statute": "Haw. Rev. Stat. § 431:10-226.5 (amended by Act 110 / SB 752, signed 2025-05-29, effective 2026-01-01)", "cancellation_notice_days_general": 20, "cancellation_notice_days_general_pre_act110": 10, "cancellation_notice_days_nonpayment_or_misrep": 10, "nonrenewal_notice_days": 30, "post_disaster_moratorium": "none standing; Commissioner bulletins after major events" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://cca.hawaii.gov/ins/commissioners-memorandum-2025-6r-act-110-clarification/", "source_name": "Hawaii DCCA Commissioner's Memorandum 2025-6R (Act 110 clarification)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-122 (2026-05-15): MATERIAL correction. Prior phrasing claimed Act 110 set 30-day cancellation / 60-day non-renewal effective 2026-01-01; both numbers were wrong. The actual Act 110 change is 10 to 20 days for general cancellation only; non-payment cancellation stays at 10 days, non-renewal stays at 30 days. Confirmed via DCCA Commissioner's Memorandum 2025-6R (the official clarification doc) and the ILSA compliance bulletin. Source updated from the 403-blocked Justia mirror to the DCCA memorandum URL. Prior phrasing would have overstated the consumer's notice window by 2x on the non-renewal side." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Universal Property & Casualty Insurance Company (UPC) exited the Hawaii homeowners, condominium, and renters insurance market statewide. Non-renewals began with policies having anniversary dates on or after September 1, 2023; last policies effective August 31, 2024. Approximately 1,500 Hawaii policies were affected, with the greatest concentration of policyholders on Hawaii Island. Beyond UPC, the documented stress remained concentrated in condo master-policy hurricane sub-limit cuts (to roughly 20-30% of building value) and post-Lahaina Maui/wildfire underwriting tightening. No additional major single-family homeowners carrier exit has been confirmed as of June 2026.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "Universal Property & Casualty Insurance Company (UPC)", "action": "full market exit (homeowners, condo, renters statewide); non-renewals from anniversary dates on/after 2023-09-01; last policies effective 2024-08-31; ~1,500 policies affected; greatest concentration on Hawaii Island", "date": "2023-2024" }, { "carrier": null, "action": "condo master-policy hurricane sub-limit cuts (to ~20-30% of building value) and post-Lahaina Maui/wildfire underwriting tightening; no additional major single-family homeowners carrier exit confirmed as of June 2026", "date": "2023-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://governor.hawaii.gov/newsroom/dcca-news-release-universal-property-casualty-to-exit-hawaii-insurance-market/", "source_name": "Hawaii DCCA / Governor's Office - UPC Exit News Release", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "No specific named-carrier exit verified. The pattern (condo hurricane sub-limit cuts; post-Lahaina Maui underwriting tightening) is well-documented but no single named carrier confirmed as exiting. Needs manual check." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://cca.hawaii.gov/ins/", "value_json": { "url": "https://cca.hawaii.gov/ins/", "consumers_page": "https://cca.hawaii.gov/ins/consumers/", "hhrf_page": "https://cca.hawaii.gov/ins/hhrf/", "regulator": "Hawaii Department of Commerce & Consumer Affairs (DCCA), Insurance Division" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://cca.hawaii.gov/ins/", "source_name": "Hawaii DCCA Insurance Division", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Hawaii's insurance regulator is the DCCA Insurance Division (cca.hawaii.gov/ins). The HHRF, condo-insurance FAQs, and the Gov. Green property-insurance-laws release all live on that site." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "HPIA: Haw. Rev. Stat. Chapter 431, Article 21 (Hawaii Property Insurance Association, § 431:21-101 et seq.; HPIA created by the 1991 Hawaii Legislature, first policy issued March 1992). HHRF: Haw. Rev. Stat. Chapter 431P (Hawaii Hurricane Relief Fund, § 431P-1 et seq.; created 1993 after Hurricane Iniki, dormant for years, reactivated 2024 by Gov. Green and funded/expanded by SB 1044 / Act 296, 2025). (Non-renewal: Haw. Rev. Stat. § 431:10-226.5.)", "value_json": { "hpia_citation": "Haw. Rev. Stat. ch. 431, art. 21 (§ 431:21-101 et seq.)", "hpia_established": "1991 Hawaii Legislature; first policy March 1992", "hhrf_citation": "Haw. Rev. Stat. ch. 431P (§ 431P-1 et seq.)", "hhrf_history": "created 1993 (post-Iniki); dormant; reactivated 2024; expanded by SB 1044 / Act 296 (2025)", "nonrenewal_statute": "Haw. Rev. Stat. § 431:10-226.5" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol09_Ch0431-0435H/HRS0431P/HRS_0431P-.htm", "source_name": "Hawaii Revised Statutes (capitol.hawaii.gov) / Hawaii DCCA Insurance Division", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "HPIA's establishment (1991 Legislature, first policy March 1992) confirmed from the HPIA history page; HHRF's HRS Chapter 431P basis and 1993/2024/2025 timeline confirmed from the Hawaii legislature and DCCA. The HPIA article number within ch. 431 (Article 21) is the standard HRS placement for the HPIA Act; verify the exact section range against the current HRS if a precise pin-cite is needed. Added per the standard 15-field schema (the prior compiled HI file lacked a dedicated statute row)." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "HPIA deficits are funded by assessments on member insurers (all admitted Hawaii property insurers, by market share); HPIA is run by a board of eight insurer-elected directors plus four appointed by the Insurance Commissioner, under an approved Plan of Operations. The Hawaii Hurricane Relief Fund is a state-created special fund (re-capitalized via SB 1044 appropriations, with bonding authority and the ability to levy a policyholder surcharge if needed), it covers hurricane ONLY and only as excess above $10M of insured value for eligible condo/townhouse AOAOs (max $140M policy, one-year non-renewing term). Hawaii's lava-flow exposure is unique: HPIA has been the principal market for residential property in Lava Zones 1 and 2 (the Kilauea / Mauna Loa flow corridors on Hawaii Island), where standard carriers largely won't write. The $450,000 HPIA Coverage A cap is the limit single-family homeowners most often run into.", "value_json": { "hpia_funding": "member-insurer assessments; board of 8 insurer-elected + 4 Commissioner-appointed directors", "hhrf_funding": "state special fund + SB 1044 appropriations + bonding authority + potential policyholder surcharge", "hhrf_scope": "hurricane only; excess above $10M TIV; condo/townhouse AOAOs; max $140M policy; one-year non-renewing", "lava_zone_role": "HPIA is the principal market for Lava Zones 1-2 residential property on Hawaii Island", "hpia_coverage_a_cap_usd": 450000 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://cca.hawaii.gov/ins/hhrf/", "source_name": "Hawaii DCCA Insurance Division / Hawaii Property Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "HPIA funding/governance from the HPIA history page; HHRF funding/scope (special fund, SB 1044, $10M attachment, $140M max policy, one-year non-renewing) from cca.hawaii.gov/ins/hhrf/; lava-zone role from DCCA/HPIA; $450K cap from hpiainfo.com / PropertyCasualty360." }, { "field": "title_override", "value": "HI title/H1/meta override surfacing HHRF alongside the HPIA — Hurricane Relief Fund is the highest-volume Hawaii FAIR-Plan-adjacent query after the Lahaina fire reactivation", "value_json": { "title": "Hawaii FAIR Plan (HPIA) and Hurricane Relief Fund", "h1": "Hawaii FAIR Plan (HPIA) and Hurricane Relief Fund (HHRF): what they cover and who qualifies", "meta_description": "Hawaii's FAIR Plan (HPIA) covers basic fire and named perils; the reactivated Hurricane Relief Fund (HHRF) writes condo-building hurricane policies. Who qualifies, caps, and how to apply." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.hipropertyinsurance.com/", "source_name": "Hawaii Property Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "HI has TWO state residual-market entities active in 2024-2026: HPIA (the FAIR Plan, basic property) and HHRF (Hurricane Relief Fund, reactivated after Lahaina; writes condo-building hurricane policies). The HHRF reactivation is the most newsworthy Hawaii FAIR-Plan-adjacent story of 2024-2025 and the one AI engines are most likely to be asked about. Default title surfaced only 'Hawaii FAIR Plan' and missed the HHRF query universe. Source incident: seo-geo 259-Wave-8 (2026-05-16) P2-1." } ] }, { "code": "IA", "name": "Iowa", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/iowa-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://iowafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Iowa FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Established October 25, 1968, under the Federal Urban Property Protection and Reinsurance Act of 1968. Statutory basis: Iowa Code ch. 515F (FAIR plan established at section 515F.33). Confirmed on PIPSO membership list and plan's own website. Iowa FAIR Plan also hosts the PIPSO-linked directory of all state FAIR Plan websites." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Iowa FAIR Plan Association", "value_json": { "name": "Iowa FAIR Plan Association", "abbreviation": "IFPA" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://iowafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Iowa FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Official name per plan's own website. Describes itself as 'an unincorporated mandatory risk-sharing facility established by state law.'" }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://iowafairplan.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://iowafairplan.com/", "fair_plan_directory": "https://iowafairplan.com/links-to-the-fair-plans/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://iowafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Iowa FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Site confirmed live and official. Iowa FAIR Plan also maintains a directory of all state FAIR Plan websites at iowafairplan.com/links-to-the-fair-plans/." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Dwelling Property Program: ISO DP 00 01 07 14 (Basic Form) -- fire, lightning, windstorm/hail, explosion, riot, aircraft, vehicles, smoke. Does NOT include theft, freezing, or water damage. Homeowners Program: HO 00 08 Modified Coverage Form. Commercial Program: ISO CP 00 99 04 02 (Standard Property Policy). All policies on actual cash value (ACV) basis; no replacement cost. Dwelling and Homeowners standard deductible $1,000; Commercial standard deductible $2,500. Does NOT include flood or liability.", "value_json": { "dwelling_form": "ISO DP 00 01 07 14 (Basic Form)", "homeowners_form": "HO 00 08 (Modified Coverage)", "commercial_form": "ISO CP 00 99 04 02 (Standard Property Policy)", "base_perils": [ "fire", "lightning", "windstorm/hail", "explosion", "riot", "aircraft", "vehicles", "smoke" ], "exclusions": [ "theft", "freezing", "water damage", "flood", "liability" ], "settlement_basis": "actual cash value", "standard_deductible_dwelling_ho": "$1,000", "standard_deductible_commercial": "$2,500" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://iowafairplan.com/for-producers/products/dwelling-property-program/", "source_name": "Iowa FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "DP 00 01 form and exclusions of theft/freezing/water damage confirmed from Iowa FAIR Plan dwelling property program page and Iowa Administrative Code search results. Deductible confirmed on program page. Commercial CP 00 99 04 02 and $2,500 commercial deductible confirmed 2026-05-15 against iowafairplan.com/cp-program/ (data-verifier-155); promoted from `commercial_form_unverified` to confirmed." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "Dwelling Property Program: maximum $300,000 (ACV, lesser of ACV or market value). Homeowners Program (HO-8): maximum $200,000 (ACV), minimum $40,000. Commercial Property Program: maximum $1,000,000 per location.", "value_json": { "dwelling_max_usd": 300000, "homeowners_max_usd": 200000, "homeowners_min_usd": 40000, "commercial_max_usd": 1000000, "currency": "USD", "settlement_basis": "actual cash value (ACV); limit is lesser of ACV or market value" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://iowafairplan.com/producers/", "source_name": "Iowa FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-20", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-21 (2026-05-16) P1: $300K dwelling cap CONFIRMED from primary source iowafairplan.com/producers/ (the producer-facing page). Confidence promoted medium -> high; needs_rescan removed for dwelling cap. Commercial $1M cap correct; note: amounts over $500K require Governing Committee pre-approval (commercial program declination rule -- one prior rejection required, unlike residential)." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "typical", "value_json": { "status": "typical" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://iowafairplan.com/producers/", "source_name": "Iowa FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Iowa FAIR Plan explicitly states it 'only offers property coverage. We do not write liability, flood, or workers compensation, or any other non-property coverages.' Brokers must separately arrange liability coverage. No formal named DIC/wrap product found." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Property owners who are unable to obtain coverage in the voluntary insurance market. Must apply through a licensed insurance agent. Eligible types: 1-4 family dwellings and single-family mobile homes (Dwelling Property Program); owner-occupied single-family dwellings with prior adverse loss history (Homeowners 8 Program); commercial properties. Ineligible: vacant, unoccupied, or properties with open/unresolved claims (note: unresolved-claims exclusion temporarily suspended July 1, 2024 for storm-damaged properties with cancellation notices); building code violations; condemned; inadequate utilities; excessive loss history (more than 2 losses of $500+ in 12 months). No fixed numeric declination count stated; applicant must show voluntary market is unavailable.", "value_json": { "rule": "unable to obtain coverage in voluntary market; must use licensed agent", "eligible_types": [ "1-4 family dwellings (Dwelling Program)", "mobile homes", "owner-occupied dwellings with adverse loss history (HO-8)", "commercial properties" ], "key_ineligibility": [ "vacant/unoccupied", "open claims (exclusion suspended July 1 2024)", "code violations", "condemned", "excessive loss history (2+ losses of $500+ in 12 mo)" ], "declination_requirement": "no fixed numeric count stated; voluntary market unavailability required" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://iowafairplan.com/eligibility/", "source_name": "Iowa FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Eligibility details from Iowa FAIR Plan eligibility page. The July 1, 2024 temporary suspension of unresolved-claims exclusion confirmed from Iowa Insurance Division bulletin. Iowa Code 515F.33 confirms all fixed-location risks eligible except motor vehicles, inland marine, manufacturing." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through a licensed Iowa insurance producer/agent only. Iowa FAIR Plan states: 'Only a licensed insurance agent can submit applications to the Iowa FAIR Plan Association.' Applicant should first contact agent about property improvements, request voluntary market applications, then request IFPA application if voluntary market unavailable. Contact: (515) 255-9531 / info@iowafairplan.com. Address: 2700 Westown Pkwy Ste 220, West Des Moines, IA 50266.", "value_json": { "channel": "licensed IA producer/agent only (mandatory; no direct consumer applications)", "plan_url": "https://iowafairplan.com/", "phone": "515-255-9531", "email": "info@iowafairplan.com" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://iowafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Iowa FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Iowa FAIR Plan is explicit: only licensed agents can submit applications -- no direct-to-consumer channel." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market for narrower coverage; ACV basis (no replacement cost) means lower effective coverage than a typical homeowners policy. Iowa home insurance rates rose materially in 2024 amid rising tornadoes, hailstorms, and insurer rate increases. Iowa FAIR Plan explicitly describes itself as 'a last resort when seeking property insurance coverage.'", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, narrower coverage; ACV only; last resort" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://iowafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Iowa FAIR Plan Association ('last resort' framing); 2024-2025 rate-increase figures reported by The Gazette Iowa (March 2026), citing secondary-aggregator rate estimates", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier-155 (2026-05-15): the 'last resort' quote is from iowafairplan.com (primary). The previously-cited 14% 2024 statewide rate figure had no primary source (chain was a secondary aggregator proprietary estimate -> Iowa Capital Dispatch article (403) -> Covered.com blog); removed pending a primary IID market report or NAIC dataset. NAIC Iowa key-facts PDF is image-rendered with no extractable rate figure. needs_rescan: true for a primary IID Annual Market Report." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Key 2024 change: Iowa FAIR Plan temporarily suspended the unresolved/unpaid claims ineligibility rule effective July 1, 2024, to prevent coverage gaps for storm-damaged Iowans who received cancellation/non-renewal notices before securing replacement coverage. Iowa has experienced elevated severe convective storm frequency: derechos annually since 2020; hail events increased 133% from 2022 to 2023. Iowa home insurance market rates rose materially in 2024 amid tornado and hail losses (specific statewide percentage pending primary IID Annual Market Report). FY2024 habitational policy count approximately 1,021 / total exposure approximately $85.7 million per III.", "value_json": { "rule_change_2024": "unresolved-claims ineligibility suspended July 1, 2024 for storm-damage/cancellation situations", "habitational_policies_fy2024_approx": 1021, "exposure_fy2024_approx_usd": 85679000, "market_context": "derechos annually since 2020; hail events +133% 2022-2023; home insurance rates ~+14% in 2024 per secondary aggregators (no primary IID source confirmed)", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Doug Ommen", "title": "Insurance Commissioner", "confirmed_date": "2017-01-01", "predecessor": "Nick Gerhart (departed; Ommen served as Interim Commissioner from December 2016 before formal appointment by Gov. Branstad)", "source_url": "https://iid.iowa.gov/about/insurance-commissioner", "source_name": "Iowa Insurance Division - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 8, "label": "8" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 7, "label": "7" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Iowa billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/IA", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/IACIO/bulletins/3a519ff", "source_name": "Iowa Insurance Division bulletin (eligibility suspension) + SECURA Insurance press release (2025 exit); 2024-2025 rate figures reported by The Gazette Iowa (March 2026, secondary-aggregator data)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Eligibility rule suspension from Iowa Insurance Division bulletin (primary source). Policy count/exposure from III FY2024 table (may reflect slightly earlier fiscal year). Market rate and storm statistics from secondary sources -- verify against Iowa Insurance Division market reports." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Iowa personal-lines property non-renewal is governed by Iowa Code § 515.129B ('Nonrenewal of personal lines policies or contracts'): a homeowners insurer must give at least 60 days' written notice of non-renewal with a written explanation of the reason (the notice period was raised from 30 days to 60 days by HF 2265, effective 2025-01-01). § 515.129C is a distinct section governing notice content and delivery form, NOT the 60-day non-renewal period itself. Mid-term cancellation for cause requires 30 days' notice; cancellation for non-payment requires 10 days' notice (Iowa Code § 515.129A). Iowa does NOT have a standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium; the Iowa Insurance Division may issue post-disaster guidance bulletins (e.g., Bulletin 24-03 was a non-mandatory guidance request, not a freeze).", "value_json": { "nonrenewal_statute": "Iowa Code § 515.129B (Nonrenewal of personal lines policies or contracts; amended by HF 2265, effective 2025-01-01)", "notice_content_statute": "Iowa Code § 515.129C (notice content/delivery form, separate from the 60-day period)", "nonrenewal_notice_days": 60, "nonrenewal_notice_days_prior_to_2025": 30, "nonrenewal_reason_required": true, "cancellation_statute": "Iowa Code § 515.129A", "cancellation_for_cause_notice_days": 30, "cancellation_for_nonpayment_notice_days": 10, "post_disaster_moratorium": "none standing (Iowa IID may issue post-disaster guidance, but Bulletin 24-03 and similar were guidance requests, not mandatory moratoria)" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/515.129B.pdf", "source_name": "Iowa Code § 515.129B (Iowa Legislature) -- amended by HF 2265 (effective 2025-01-01); cancellation at § 515.129A", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-21 (2026-05-16) CRITICAL P0: prior phrasing cited Iowa Code § 515.129C for the 60-day non-renewal rule; that is wrong. The 60-day notice rule, amended by HF 2265 effective 2025-01-01, is at § 515.129B ('Nonrenewal of personal lines policies or contracts'). § 515.129C is a distinct section governing notice content / delivery form. The 60-day period and the HF 2265 effective date are factually correct; only the section number was wrong. Per data-verifier-134 (2026-05-15): populated from null. § 515.129A governs cancellation (30-day for-cause, 10-day non-payment). Iowa Bulletin 24-03 was a non-mandatory IID guidance request, not a freeze; the post_disaster_moratorium framing 'none standing' is correct. source_url migrated to per-section legis.iowa.gov PDF." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "At least four carriers have fully exited Iowa homeowners insurance writing: Pekin Insurance withdrew from Iowa homeowners writing in January 2024 (per KCRG May 2024 reporting); IMT Insurance paused new personal lines policies in Iowa in July 2024 and stopped renewing existing single-home and rental policies October 1, 2024; Celina Mutual Insurance decided to exit all lines of business in Iowa (decision made 2022, completed by 2024); SECURA Insurance stopped accepting new personal lines clients November 1, 2023 and completed a full exit from all personal lines by December 31, 2025 across its 13-state footprint including Iowa. These are confirmed full exits, not underwriting tightening. Iowa has experienced significant insurance market stress from severe convective storms (derechos, tornadoes, hail) and reinsurance difficulties. Iowa regulators approved at least 115 homeowners multiperil rate filings since early 2024, with more than three-quarters resulting in rate increases; the direct combined ratio for Iowa homeowners multiperil writers reached 141.03 in 2023 per Iowa Insurance Division rate-filing data. No full-state exit by a major national carrier (e.g. State Farm, Allstate, Farmers) verified as of June 2026.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "Pekin Insurance", "action": "full exit from Iowa homeowners writing", "date": "2024-01", "source": "KCRG May 2024" }, { "carrier": "IMT Insurance", "action": "paused new personal lines July 2024; stopped renewing existing single-home/rental policies October 1 2024", "date": "2024-07", "source": "The Gazette (Iowa) / KCRG" }, { "carrier": "Celina Mutual Insurance", "action": "full exit from all Iowa lines of business", "date": "2024", "source": "The Gazette (Iowa); Celina 2024 Annual Report" }, { "carrier": "SECURA Insurance", "action": "stopped new personal lines policies November 1 2023; completed full personal lines exit December 31 2025", "date": "2025-12-31", "source": "SECURA Insurance press release (primary)" }, { "carrier": null, "action": "no full-state exit by major national carrier (State Farm, Allstate, Farmers) verified as of June 2026", "date": "2026-06" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.secura.net/about/news-releases/secura-insurance-announces-exit-from-personal-lines-insurance-market", "source_name": "SECURA Insurance press release (SECURA exit, primary) + KCRG May 2024 (Pekin exit) + The Gazette Iowa (Celina/IMT exits) + Iowa Insurance Division rate-filing data (combined ratio / rate-filing count)", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-21 (2026-05-16) P1: prior framing 'no named-carrier exit verified' was factually inaccurate. Pekin Insurance January 2024 withdrawal documented in KCRG May 2024 article. Celina, IMT, SECURA flagged by secondary market sources as additional carriers tightening IA underwriting. The +14% 2024 rate-increase figure remains a secondary-aggregator estimate (no primary IID source found); kept in prose with hedging, removed from value_json as a structured field where it implied higher provenance than it has. needs_rescan: true for named-carrier confirmation against IID market conduct reports." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://iid.iowa.gov/consumers/insurance/homeowners-insurance", "value_json": { "url": "https://iid.iowa.gov/consumers/insurance/homeowners-insurance", "regulator": "Iowa Insurance Division", "main_site": "https://iid.iowa.gov/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://iid.iowa.gov/consumers/insurance/homeowners-insurance", "source_name": "Iowa Insurance Division", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Iowa Insurance Division homeowners insurance consumer page confirmed in search results." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "Iowa Code ch. 515F (FAIR plan established at section 515F.33)", "value_json": { "citation": "Iowa Code section 515F.33 et seq.", "title": "Casualty Insurance, Chapter 515F" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/ico/chapter/515F.pdf", "source_name": "Iowa Code Chapter 515F (Iowa Legislature canonical PDF)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-134 (2026-05-15): source_url moved from Justia mirror (returns 403 on direct fetch) to the Iowa Legislature canonical PDF at legis.iowa.gov. Statutory basis confirmed. Iowa Administrative Code section 191 governs plan operations." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "Iowa FAIR Plan Association is an unincorporated mandatory risk-sharing facility; all admitted Iowa property insurers are members. Funded by premiums and member assessments; no public funds. Established October 25, 1968. Notable: Iowa FAIR Plan hosts the PIPSO-linked directory of all US state FAIR Plan websites (iowafairplan.com/links-to-the-fair-plans/). The plan does NOT offer liability, flood, or workers compensation. Governance: Governing Committee with representatives from major Iowa insurers; day-to-day management by Executive Director.", "value_json": { "funding": "premium + member-insurer assessments; no public funds", "established": "1968-10-25", "structure": "unincorporated mandatory risk-sharing facility", "notable": "hosts PIPSO directory of all US state FAIR Plan websites" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://iowafairplan.com/about/", "source_name": "Iowa FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Structure and governance confirmed from Iowa FAIR Plan About page." } ] }, { "code": "ID", "name": "Idaho", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/idaho-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "no", "value_json": { "status": "no", "note": "Idaho has no state FAIR Plan and no state-backed insurer of last resort for homeowners. Idaho is not a PIPSO member. The Idaho Department of Insurance (IDOI) directs homeowners unable to find admitted-market coverage to the surplus-lines (non-admitted) market via the Surplus Line Association of Idaho and IDOI's Export List." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.idaho.gov/pressrelease/idaho-department-of-insurance-issues-property-insurance-market-data-call/", "source_name": "Idaho Department of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Cross-checked against NAIC's FAIR Plans topic page (which identifies 33 states with FAIR-style residual mechanisms and does not include Idaho) and the Idaho DOI's own market data-call communications. IDOI Director Cameron has publicly described Idaho's residual-market posture as relying on the surplus-lines market plus a proposed Wildfire Risk Mitigation Fund rather than a FAIR Plan." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "no plan", "value_json": { "name": null, "note": "no Idaho FAIR Plan exists; coverage of last resort is the surplus-lines / non-admitted (E&S) market, brokered through Idaho-licensed surplus-lines producers, administered by the Surplus Line Association of Idaho, and overseen by IDOI under Idaho Code Title 41, Chapter 12 (Unauthorized Insurers and Surplus Lines)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.idaho.gov/industry/licensing-services/license-types/surplus-lines/", "source_name": "Idaho Department of Insurance , Surplus Lines", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Idaho's surplus-lines tax rate is 1.5% plus a 0.5% stamping fee, payable by the broker; brokers must file an annual tax statement by March 1. IDOI maintains an Export List of coverages presumed eligible for surplus-lines placement without an admitted-market diligent-search showing." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "no plan website; IDOI consumer pages at doi.idaho.gov/consumers/home-renters-insurance/ are the closest equivalent", "value_json": { "url": null, "doi_consumer_page": "https://doi.idaho.gov/consumers/home-renters-insurance/", "surplus_lines_page": "https://doi.idaho.gov/industry/licensing-services/license-types/surplus-lines/", "surplus_line_association": "https://idahosurplusline.org/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.idaho.gov/consumers/home-renters-insurance/", "source_name": "Idaho Department of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "There is no Idaho FAIR Plan website because there is no Idaho FAIR Plan. IDOI's homeowners and renters page is the official starting point for consumers having trouble finding coverage." }, { "field": "residual_market_structure", "value": "Surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S) market, administered through the Surplus Line Association of Idaho; no FAIR Plan, no JUA, no state-backed insurer of last resort. Idaho is not a PIPSO member.", "value_json": { "primary_path": "surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S)", "regulator": "Idaho Department of Insurance (IDOI)", "surplus_lines_administrator": "Surplus Line Association of Idaho", "surplus_lines_statute": "Idaho Code Title 41, Chapter 12 (Unauthorized Insurers and Surplus Lines)", "export_list_authority": "Idaho Code 41-1214", "no_fair_plan": true, "no_jua": true, "pipso_member": false }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.idaho.gov/industry/licensing-services/license-types/surplus-lines/", "source_name": "Idaho Department of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "When admitted carriers decline a property, an Idaho-licensed surplus-lines broker can place the risk with an eligible non-admitted insurer (subject to a diligent-effort showing per 41-1214 unless the coverage is on the Export List). Surplus-lines policies are not backed by the Idaho Insurance Guaranty Association, a material consumer-protection trade-off." }, { "field": "regulatory_authority", "value": "Idaho Department of Insurance (IDOI)", "value_json": { "name": "Idaho Department of Insurance", "abbrev": "IDOI", "url": "https://doi.idaho.gov/", "address": "700 West State Street, 3rd Floor, P.O. Box 83720, Boise, ID 83720-0043", "main_phone": "(208) 334-4250", "consumer_hotline": "(800) 721-3272", "complaint_url": "https://doi.idaho.gov/consumers/file-a-complaint/", "rate_authority_note": "Idaho is a file-and-use state for personal-lines property/casualty rate filings; rates need not be pre-approved before use but are subject to IDOI review for adequacy, excessiveness, and unfair discrimination" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.idaho.gov/", "source_name": "Idaho Department of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Address and phone numbers verified from IDOI's own homepage. Director Dean L. Cameron leads the department; the office is part of the Idaho executive branch under Governor Brad Little." }, { "field": "commissioner", "value": "Dean L. Cameron, Director", "value_json": { "name": "Dean L. Cameron", "title": "Director, Idaho Department of Insurance", "first_appointed": "2015-06-15", "appointing_governor_2015": "C.L. Butch Otter", "reappointed_dates": [ "2019-01-04", "2023-01-06" ], "reappointing_governor": "Brad Little", "naic_roles": [ "Immediate Past President, NAIC", "Chair, NAIC Western Zone (prior)", "Chair, NAIC Annuity Suitability Working Group (prior)", "Chair, NAIC B Committee on Health Insurance and Managed Care (prior)" ], "background": "third-generation insurance agent (32 years); 25 years in Idaho State Senate prior to appointment" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.idaho.gov/information/about-doi/about-the-director/", "source_name": "Idaho Department of Insurance , About the Director", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Cameron's most recent reappointment by Governor Little (January 6, 2023) carries his term through the next gubernatorial cycle. Confirmed via IDOI's own biography page and the NAIC commissioner directory." }, { "field": "DOI_contact", "value": "IDOI Consumer Affairs: (208) 334-4250 (main) or (800) 721-3272 (consumer hotline). File a complaint: https://doi.idaho.gov/consumers/file-a-complaint/. Address: 700 West State Street, 3rd Floor, P.O. Box 83720, Boise, ID 83720-0043.", "value_json": { "main_phone": "(208) 334-4250", "consumer_hotline": "(800) 721-3272", "address": "700 West State Street, 3rd Floor, P.O. Box 83720, Boise, ID 83720-0043", "complaint_url": "https://doi.idaho.gov/consumers/file-a-complaint/", "consumer_home_page": "https://doi.idaho.gov/consumers/home-renters-insurance/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.idaho.gov/consumers/file-a-complaint/", "source_name": "Idaho Department of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Phone numbers and complaint URL verified from IDOI's own consumer-services pages." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Idaho's personal-lines (homeowners / fire) cancellation/nonrenewal rules sit in Idaho Code 41-2401 (the 'Standard Fire Policy' statute, Title 41, Chapter 24): 30 days' written notice for cancellation; 10 days' notice for nonpayment of premium. Prior to HB 562 (effective 2027-01-01), 41-2401 contained NO explicit nonrenewal-day floor for personal property/homeowners ; a real consumer-protection gap. Idaho Code 41-1842 is the parallel COMMERCIAL-lines statute (captioned 'COMMERCIAL INSURANCE ; CANCELLATION ; NONRENEWAL'); its 30/45/10 notice scheme covers commercial property, commercial liability, and commercial multiperil but does NOT cover personal-lines homeowners. Idaho Code 41-1841 separately requires insurers to give IDOI 120 days' written notice before any block cancellation or block nonrenewal, with reasons stated ; applies to both personal and commercial lines. HB 562 (Sauter et al., signed 2026-03-27, effective 2027-01-01) extends notice periods: 30 -> 60 days for cancellation in BOTH 41-1842 and 41-2401; 45 -> 60 days for nonrenewal in 41-1842; new 60-day nonrenewal requirement added to 41-2401; and the 41-2401 amendment adds a 'reason for cancellation' disclosure requirement (per independent re-verification 2026-05-15).", "value_json": { "personal_lines_statute": "Idaho Code 41-2401 (Standard Fire Policy)", "personal_lines_cancellation_notice_days": 30, "personal_lines_nonrenewal_notice_days_pre_hb562": null, "personal_lines_nonrenewal_notice_days_post_hb562": 60, "personal_lines_short_notice_days_nonpayment": 10, "commercial_lines_statute": "Idaho Code 41-1842 (Commercial Insurance ; Cancellation ; Nonrenewal)", "commercial_lines_cancellation_notice_days_pre_hb562": 30, "commercial_lines_nonrenewal_notice_days_pre_hb562": 45, "commercial_lines_cancellation_notice_days_post_hb562": 60, "commercial_lines_nonrenewal_notice_days_post_hb562": 60, "block_action_statute": "Idaho Code 41-1841 (applies to both personal and commercial)", "block_action_notice_to_director_days": 120, "hb562": { "bill": "Idaho HB 562 (Sauter et al.)", "session_law": "Chapter 201, Laws of 2026", "signed": "2026-03-27", "effective": "2027-01-01", "amends": "Idaho Code 41-1842 AND 41-2401" }, "post_disaster_moratorium": "no standing statutory moratorium", "rate_approval_regime": "file-and-use (no prior-approval requirement for personal property/casualty rates)" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title41/t41ch24/sect41-2401/", "source_name": "Idaho Code 41-2401 (Standard Fire Policy, personal-lines) + 41-1842 (Commercial) + 41-1841 (block actions): Idaho State Legislature + HB 562 (Ch. 201, L. 2026)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-20", "notes": "Per data-verifier-143 (2026-05-15): CRITICAL L16b correction. Prior phrasing cited Idaho Code 41-1842 as the controlling personal-lines homeowners statute; 41-1842 is captioned 'COMMERCIAL INSURANCE' and explicitly does NOT cover personal-lines homeowners. The personal-lines statute is Idaho Code 41-2401 (Standard Fire Policy, Title 41, Chapter 24): 30-day cancellation, 10-day nonpayment, NO pre-HB 562 nonrenewal floor. The 30/45/10 numbers IDOI cites on its consumer page happen to match 41-2401's cancellation figures but the 45-day nonrenewal was a commercial-only figure with no personal-lines counterpart pre-HB 562. HB 562 amends BOTH statutes; corrected file said only 41-1842." }, { "field": "rate_approval_regime", "value": "Idaho uses a use-and-file regime for personal-lines property/casualty rate filings. Carriers may implement new rates immediately upon the effective date and must file with IDOI within 30 days of that date; no waiting period or prior approval is required. IDOI reviews filings after the fact for adequacy, excessiveness, and unfair discrimination per Idaho Code Title 41, Chapter 14, and IDAPA 18.02.01. Actuarial justification is required for personal-lines increases above 15% and commercial-lines increases above 25%. The use-and-file regime is the structural reason average premium increases in Idaho moved through quickly during the 2022 to 2024 hardening (24.99% total premium-written growth from 2023 to 2024).", "value_json": { "regime": "use-and-file (personal lines)", "filing_deadline_days_after_effective": 30, "prior_approval_required": false, "waiting_period_before_use": false, "doi_authority": "IDOI may disapprove rates after filing as excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory (Idaho Code Title 41, Chapter 14)", "idapa_citation": "IDAPA 18.02.01", "bulletin_citation": "IDOI Bulletin 91-1", "actuarial_justification_threshold_personal_pct": 15, "actuarial_justification_threshold_commercial_pct": 25, "contrast_ca": "California is prior-approval under Proposition 103 (Cal. Ins. Code Section 1861.05)", "contrast_nh": "New Hampshire is prior-approval under RSA 412", "contrast_file_and_use": "File-and-use states require filing before use with a waiting period; Idaho's use-and-file allows immediate implementation on the effective date" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/Company/RatesForms/0422PCRcklst-Website.pdf", "source_name": "Idaho Department of Insurance, Property and Casualty Rate Checklist and Certification (form 0422PCRcklst), citing Bulletin 91-1 and IDAPA 18.02.01", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Idaho's file-and-use designation is widely cited in industry sources but a primary IDOI rate-filing-procedure memo confirming the exact regime classification was not located via the available search; the 24.99% premium-written growth from 2023 to 2024 reported by IDOI's market data call is the empirical fingerprint of a file-and-use environment under hardening. Re-pull IDOI rate-filing-FAQ or the 2025 market data-call report when reachable." }, { "field": "carriers_in_market", "value": "Idaho had 91 admitted property insurers writing homeowners or dwelling-fire coverage in 2023 per IDOI's 2025 property insurance market data call. Approximately 22 to 25 of those carriers have since non-renewed some or all policies, with three discontinuing coverage due to insolvency risk. Idaho Farm Bureau Insurance is the largest property-and-casualty insurance company based solely in Idaho and the second-largest writer of all insurance lines in the state.", "value_json": { "admitted_property_writers_2023": 91, "carriers_with_non_renewals_2024_low": 22, "carriers_with_non_renewals_2024_high": 25, "carriers_insolvency_exits_2024": 3, "largest_id_domiciled_pc_carrier": "Idaho Farm Bureau Insurance (Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company of Idaho)", "id_farm_bureau_rank_all_lines": "second-largest writer of all lines in Idaho", "top_national_writers_in_id_per_third_party": [ "State Farm", "Allstate", "USAA", "Travelers", "American Family" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.idaho.gov/pressrelease/idaho-department-of-insurance-issues-property-insurance-market-data-call/", "source_name": "Idaho Department of Insurance , Property Insurance Market Data Call (April 22, 2025)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 91-carriers-in-2023 figure and the 22 to 25 carriers non-renewing or exiting are reported directly by IDOI Director Cameron. The 22 to 25 range is the headline number cited across IDOI press materials and 2025 reporting (Capital Press, Boise State Public Radio, Insurance News Net). Idaho Farm Bureau's market-leadership claim comes from the company's own corporate disclosures." }, { "field": "premium_baseline", "value": "Idaho average annual homeowners premium grew from $1,308 in 2022 to $1,468 in 2023 (+12.2%) to $1,798 in 2024 (+22.4%), per the Idaho Department of Insurance 2025 Property Insurance Market Data Call results (October 2025; statewide average across all admitted carriers reporting). Total written premium rose 24.99% from 2023 to 2024 ($567.9M to $709.85M). Cumulative growth from 2022 to 2024 is approximately 37.5%. A separate rate-filing-data analysis estimated Idaho's annualized rate increase at roughly 17% for the same calendar year.", "value_json": { "id_avg_annual_2022_usd": 1308, "id_avg_annual_2023_usd": 1468, "id_avg_annual_2024_usd": 1798, "growth_2022_to_2023_pct": 12.2, "growth_2023_to_2024_pct": 22.4, "growth_2022_to_2024_pct": 37.5, "total_written_premium_growth_2023_to_2024_pct": 24.99, "insurify_calendar_2024_rate_growth_pct": 17, "caldwell_zip_83606_2024_avg_usd": 2751, "caldwell_growth_2022_to_2024_pct": "more than 100", "valley_county_growth_2022_to_2024_pct_range": "37 to 54", "blaine_county_zip_2024_avg_range_usd": "3896 to 6840", "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2022, "value": 1308, "label": "$1,308" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 1468, "label": "$1,468" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 1798, "label": "$1,798" } ], "chartable_unit": "usd", "chartable_caption": "Idaho avg annual homeowners premium" }, "unit": "USD", "source_url": "https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/cb/1b/6e54a9684c889063255742ba6ce5/homeowners-data-call-packet.pdf", "source_name": "Idaho Department of Insurance, 2025 Property Insurance Market Data Call Results (October 2025)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "IDOI primary press release confirms the data-call exists; Capital Press and Boise State Public Radio both report the same three-year premium series ($1,308 / $1,468 / $1,798) and the 24.99% total-premium-written number. Caldwell, Valley County, and Blaine County county-level figures from a secondary aggregator (secondary) and Boise State Public Radio's reporting on the IDOI data call. Three Blaine County ZIPs (Sun Valley, Ketchum, Hailey) ranked top-five nationally for non-renewal-driven premium spikes." }, { "field": "policy_count_series", "value": "Idaho admitted-market homeowners policy count fell from 464,364 in 2022 to 424,113 in 2023 (a 40,251 drop, roughly 8.7% of the market) per IDOI's 2025 property insurance market data call. The count recovered modestly to 425,562 in 2024. Director Cameron has publicly raised concern that roughly 30,000 of the homeowners who lost coverage in 2023 may have gone uninsured rather than moving to admitted or surplus-lines replacement coverage.", "value_json": { "policies_2022": 464364, "policies_2023": 424113, "policies_2024": 425562, "drop_2022_to_2023_abs": 40251, "drop_2022_to_2023_pct": 8.67, "rebound_2023_to_2024_abs": 1449, "cameron_quote": "We had about 28,000 citizens who lost coverage in 2023 because of non-renewal", "uncovered_estimate_director_cameron": "30,000 plus people may have gone without coverage" }, "unit": "policies", "source_url": "https://capitalpress.com/2025/10/23/idaho-insurance-data-show-growing-role-of-wildfire/", "source_name": "Capital Press / Boise State Public Radio / IDOI 2025 Property Insurance Market Data Call", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 40,251-policy admitted-market drop in 2023 is the single most important availability-crisis fingerprint in Idaho. Cameron's 'very, very rare to see that significant of a drop' quote (Boise State Public Radio, October 2025) and the 30,000-uncovered estimate frame this as Idaho's de facto insurance-availability emergency." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rate_state", "value": "Idaho admitted-market homeowners non-renewal rate spiked from 0.84% in 2022 (3,900 policies) to 6.55% in 2023 (27,798 policies), peak, then fell back to 2.02% in 2024 (8,591 policies) per IDOI's 2025 property insurance market data call. The 2023 rate of 6.55% was approximately 7 to 8 times the 2022 baseline (6.55 / 0.84 = 7.8 multiplier) and well above the national average. Blaine County (Sun Valley) saw its county-level non-renewal rate more than quintuple over the 2018 to 2023 window to 2.8% in 2023 per Senate Budget Committee data; Boise County ranked 87th and Blaine County 93rd nationally for 2018 to 2023 non-renewal rates.", "value_json": { "id_2022_non_renewal_count": 3900, "id_2022_non_renewal_pct": 0.84, "id_2023_non_renewal_count": 27798, "id_2023_non_renewal_pct": 6.55, "id_2024_non_renewal_count": 8591, "id_2024_non_renewal_pct": 2.02, "id_2022_to_2023_multiple": "approximately 7x", "id_2023_to_2024_change": "down approximately 70%", "senate_budget_blaine_2023_pct": 2.8, "senate_budget_blaine_growth_2018_to_2023": "more than 5x (quintupled)", "senate_budget_boise_county_national_rank_2018_2023": 87, "senate_budget_blaine_county_national_rank_2018_2023": 93, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2022, "value": 0.84, "label": "0.84%" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 6.55, "label": "6.55%" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 2.02, "label": "2.02%" } ], "chartable_unit": "pct", "chartable_caption": "Non-renewal rate, % of in-force policies (IDOI)" }, "unit": "percent", "source_url": "https://capitalpress.com/2025/10/23/idaho-insurance-data-show-growing-role-of-wildfire/", "source_name": "Capital Press / IDOI 2025 Property Insurance Market Data Call / U.S. Senate Budget Committee December 2024 Report", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Two independent data sources triangulate: IDOI's own data call (all 91 admitted carriers reporting) gives the statewide series; Senate Budget Committee (23 carriers, ~65% market) gives the county-level rankings. The 6.55% statewide non-renewal rate in 2023 is materially higher than the rates reported for AZ (0.8%), CA (1.72%), or FL (2.99%) in the same Senate dataset; Idaho's 2023 spike is the largest single-year non-renewal event in any state we have documented from the Senate dataset." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Approximately 22 to 25 of the 91 property insurers operating in Idaho in 2023 filed block non-renewals or material reductions in writing under Idaho Code 41-1841; three additional carriers exited Idaho due to insolvency risk per IDOI's 2025 property insurance market data call. No single named carrier has issued a California-style public Idaho-exit press release as of May 2026; the retreat has taken the form of selective non-renewals in high-WUI ZIP codes (Valley, Boise, Blaine, Custer, Kootenai, Bonner counties) rather than statewide pullouts. State Farm, Allstate, and USAA continue to write admitted-market business in Idaho.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "(aggregate)", "action": "approximately 22 to 25 carriers of 91 non-renewed some or all Idaho property policies during 2023 to 2024", "date": "2023 to 2024", "source": "IDOI Property Insurance Market Data Call (April 22, 2025)" }, { "carrier": "(aggregate)", "action": "three carriers discontinued Idaho coverage due to insolvency risk", "date": "2023 to 2024", "source": "IDOI Property Insurance Market Data Call" }, { "carrier": "Mountain West Farm Bureau Mutual", "action": "merging into IFB Mutual Insurance Holding Company (parent of Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company of Idaho); combined entity will serve ID, WA, MT, WY, CO with 130,000+ members and $800M+ annualized premium", "date": "announced September 2025; expected close approximately 4 months later subject to regulatory approval", "source": "Idaho Farm Bureau Insurance Company / Idaho Business Review (September 30, 2025)" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.idaho.gov/pressrelease/idaho-department-of-insurance-issues-property-insurance-market-data-call/", "source_name": "Idaho Department of Insurance / Idaho Farm Bureau Insurance Company", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Unlike California (State Farm, Allstate, Farmers public pauses) or Florida (multiple insolvencies), Idaho's carrier retreat has been quieter and more ZIP-code-targeted. The Mountain West / Idaho Farm Bureau merger is a consolidation rather than an exit but materially shifts Idaho's domestic-carrier landscape; the combined balance sheet may stabilize WUI-exposed writing in Idaho if the merger closes on the announced terms." }, { "field": "wildfire_exposure", "value": "Idaho had 104,782 housing units at risk of extreme wildfire per the Cotality 2025 Wildfire Risk Report, ranking 7th among Western states (behind CA 1.3M, CO 319K, TX 243K, OR 128K, AZ 124K, and one other). Idaho's 2024 fire season burned approximately 826,000 to 1 million acres , the highest total since 2012 , with 1,400+ wildfires reported by the National Interagency Fire Center and more than 50 homes destroyed. IDOI's 2025 data call records wildfire-related insured losses rising from $16.05M (2022) to $18.83M (2023) to $24.52M (2024).", "value_json": { "cotality_2025_housing_units_at_risk": 104782, "cotality_2025_western_rank": 7, "cotality_top_5_western_states_homes_at_risk": { "CA": 1300000, "CO": 319000, "TX": 243000, "OR": 128000, "AZ": 124000 }, "nifc_2024_id_acres_burned_low": 826000, "nifc_2024_id_acres_burned_high": 1000000, "nifc_2024_id_wildfire_count": 1400, "nifc_2024_id_homes_destroyed": 50, "id_wildfire_insured_losses_2022_usd": 16050000, "id_wildfire_insured_losses_2023_usd": 18830000, "id_wildfire_insured_losses_2024_usd": 24520000, "largest_2024_fires": [ { "name": "Paddock Fire", "acres": 187185, "counties": [ "Gem", "Payette", "Washington" ] }, { "name": "Wapiti Fire", "acres": 129063, "counties": [ "Boise", "Custer" ], "homes_lost": 8 }, { "name": "Lava Fire", "acres": 97585, "counties": [ "Gem" ] }, { "name": "Red Rock Fire", "acres": 79260, "counties": [ "Lemhi" ] }, { "name": "Nellie Fire", "acres": 50073, "counties": [ "Boise", "Valley" ] }, { "name": "Gwen Fire", "acres": null, "near": "Kendrick", "homes_lost": 38, "outbuildings_lost": 122 } ], "id_dept_of_lands_2024_suppression_spend_usd": 39000000, "id_total_2024_suppression_estimate_usd": 51100000 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.cotality.com/insights/articles/wildfire-risk-report-2025", "source_name": "Cotality 2025 Wildfire Risk Report / NIFC 2024 Annual Report / IDOI 2025 Property Insurance Market Data Call", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Idaho's 104,782 housing units at extreme wildfire risk per Cotality (cited via Triple-I May 2025 brief) is the structural variable behind the carrier-retreat narrative. The 2024 fire season was Idaho's most severe by acreage since 2012. The disparity between massive acres burned (~1M) and modest structural loss (~50 homes) reflects most fires being in the Frank Church and Salmon-Challis wilderness rather than WUI; the 2023 non-renewal spike preceded the 2024 fire season and was driven by re-underwriting based on Cotality / Verisk WUI scores rather than realized losses." }, { "field": "coastal_exposure", "value": "Idaho is a landlocked state with no Atlantic, Pacific, or Gulf coastline. There is no hurricane storm-surge exposure. Idaho has approximately 2,000+ miles of inland shoreline along Lake Pend Oreille, Lake Coeur d'Alene, the Snake River, and the Salmon River system, which carry inland-flood rather than coastal-surge risk for homeowners insurance underwriting.", "value_json": { "atlantic_coastline_miles": 0, "pacific_coastline_miles": 0, "gulf_coastline_miles": 0, "tidal_shoreline_miles": 0, "landlocked": true, "principal_inland_water_bodies": [ "Lake Pend Oreille (Bonner County)", "Lake Coeur d'Alene (Kootenai County)", "Snake River", "Salmon River", "Payette Lake (Valley County)" ] }, "unit": "miles", "source_url": "https://www.usgs.gov/", "source_name": "U.S. Geological Survey (landlocked-state fact)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Idaho's lack of coastal exposure is the structural reason hurricane and named-storm risk is zero in admitted-carrier rate filings; wildfire is the dominant catastrophe peril, with inland flood (Lake Pend Oreille, Snake River, Salmon River drainages) and earthquake (the Lost River and Centennial faults; the 2020 magnitude 6.5 Stanley earthquake) as secondary risks." }, { "field": "hurricane_history", "value": "Idaho is landlocked and has zero direct hurricane landfalls in the NOAA HURDAT2 record (1851 to 2021). Tropical-storm remnants occasionally produce moderate rainfall in the Snake River plain after Pacific-tropical-storm decay (rare; most Idaho summer-storm activity is dry-lightning convection that drives wildfire ignition rather than tropical moisture).", "value_json": { "hurdat_direct_landfalls_1851_2021": 0, "landlocked": true, "tropical_remnant_events_notable": "none documented as major property-insurance events", "primary_catastrophe_peril": "wildfire (with inland flood and earthquake as secondary)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/All_U.S._Hurricanes.html", "source_name": "NOAA HURDAT2 (Atlantic Hurricane Database, 1851 to 2021)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "HURDAT2 covers Atlantic-basin landfalls; Idaho is not on the list. Pacific hurricane remnants reaching Idaho are extremely rare and not a material driver of homeowners-insurance loss-cost in any IDOI rate filing we have located." }, { "field": "mitigation_credits", "value": "Idaho has no statutory mandate requiring carriers to credit defensible space, Class A roofing, ignition-resistant siding, or other home-hardening on homeowners policies. Mitigation discounts in Idaho are voluntary and carrier-specific. The 2026 legislature enacted HB 562 (signed by Governor Little 2026-03-27, effective 2027-01-01), but HB 562 contains ONLY notice-period extensions (30→60 day cancellation in 41-1842 and 41-2401; 45→60 day nonrenewal in 41-1842; new 60-day nonrenewal added to 41-2401). The wildfire-risk-model disclosure / annual-risk-score notice / mandatory mitigation-discount disclosure provisions were in HB 618 (Wildfire Transparency Act), which was KILLED in the House Business Committee on 2026-03-12. IDOI Director Cameron has separately backed a Wildfire Risk Mitigation Fund proposal for three consecutive sessions (HB 17 / HB 384 in 2025, both held in committee; HB 619 in 2026, introduced 2026-02-10 and referred to House Business Committee 2026-02-11 but DIED at sine die adjournment 2026-04-02 without ever receiving a committee hearing) that would pay homeowners directly for fire-hardening rather than mandate carrier credits.", "value_json": { "mandate": "none (HB 562 only extends notice periods, NOT discount disclosure or wildfire score disclosure ; those were HB 618 which was killed)", "voluntary_credits_available_from": [ "varies by carrier; HB 562 (effective 2027-01-01) requires disclosure of available discounts" ], "wildfire_risk_mitigation_fund": { "status_2025": "HB 17 and HB 384 introduced; held in committee", "status_2026": "HB 619 (Cameron-backed proposal funded from excess fees once $125M is collected) DIED at sine die adjournment 2026-04-02 without ever receiving a House Business Committee hearing; three consecutive sessions of failure (HB 17 / HB 384 in 2025, HB 619 in 2026)", "model": "Cameron cites southeastern-state hurricane-hardening fund precedents" }, "hb_562_2026": { "sponsor": "Rep. Mark Sauter (R-Sandpoint)", "cosponsors": [ "Rep. Judy Boyle", "Rep. Monica Church", "Sen. Treg Bernt", "Sen. James Ruchti" ], "provisions": [ "extend cancellation notice 30 -> 60 days (amends Idaho Code 41-1842 AND 41-2401)", "extend nonrenewal notice 45 -> 60 days (amends Idaho Code 41-1842)", "add new 60-day nonrenewal requirement to Idaho Code 41-2401 (personal-lines; was no statutory floor)" ], "provisions_INCORRECTLY_attributed_in_prior_file": [ "(These were in HB 618, which was killed:) wildfire-risk-model disclosure; annual risk-score notice; mandatory disclosure of available fire-resistant-improvement discounts" ], "house_vote": "51-17-2 (2026-03-05)", "senate_vote": "20-13-2 (2026-03-24)", "signed_by_governor": "2026-03-27", "session_law_chapter": "Chapter 201", "effective_date": "2027-01-01", "status": "ENACTED 2026-03-27 by Governor Little (Session Law Chapter 201); effective 2027-01-01" }, "hb_618_2026_KILLED": { "name": "Wildfire Transparency Act", "status": "killed in House Business Committee 2026-03-12", "killed_provisions": [ "require carriers to disclose wildfire risk models and scoring justifications", "require annual written notice of home's wildfire risk score with plain-language explanation", "mandate public disclosure of available fire-resistant-improvement discounts" ] }, "contrast_az": "Arizona's Resiliency and Mitigation Council (Dec 2024 to Dec 2025) recommended state grants/loans/tax credits rather than a FAIR Plan", "contrast_ca": "California requires recognition of community-mitigation efforts under Safer From Wildfires regulation (10 CCR Section 2644.9)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://boisedev.com/news/2025/01/21/looking-to-hurricane-prone-states-idaho-bill-would-give-property-owners-funding-for-wildfire-mitigation/", "source_name": "BoiseDev / Idaho Legislature HB 17 (2025) and HB 384 (2025)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Idaho's mitigation-credit posture is the strongest divergence from California (mandatory under 10 CCR 2644.9) and is the legislative center of gravity in the 2025 to 2026 sessions. If HB 562 or the 2026 Cameron fund proposal passes, this field needs immediate update; the disclosure-of-discounts language in HB 562 is the closest Idaho has come to a mandatory mitigation-credit framework." }, { "field": "recent_legislation", "value": "2025 Idaho legislative session: HB 17 (Wildfire, insurance pool) and HB 384 (Wildfire risk mitigation fund), both held in committee, no enactment. 2026 session: HB 562 (Sauter et al.) passed both chambers and was signed by Governor Brad Little on 2026-03-27 (Session Law Chapter 201). HB 562 contains ONLY notice-period extensions: 30 to 60 days for cancellation in both Idaho Code 41-1842 (commercial) and 41-2401 (personal-lines / Standard Fire Policy); 45 to 60 days for nonrenewal in 41-1842; new 60-day nonrenewal floor added to 41-2401 (which previously had no statutory nonrenewal-day floor for personal lines); and a 'reason for cancellation' disclosure added to 41-2401. House 51-17-2 (2026-03-05); Senate 20-13-2 (2026-03-24); effective 2027-01-01. The substantive consumer-disclosure provisions (wildfire-risk-model disclosure, annual risk-score notice, mandatory fire-resistant-improvement discount disclosure) were in a separate companion bill, HB 618 (Wildfire Transparency Act), which was KILLED in the House Business Committee 2026-03-12. HB 619 (Cameron Wildfire Risk Mitigation Fund) was introduced 2026-02-10 and referred to House Business Committee 2026-02-11 but DIED at sine die adjournment 2026-04-02 without ever receiving a committee hearing (third consecutive session of failure for the Cameron mitigation-fund concept: HB 17 / HB 384 / HB 619). IDOI Bulletin 25-02 (2025-04-22) launched a statewide homeowners and dwelling-fire market data call.", "value_json": { "2025_session": [ { "bill": "HB 17", "title": "Wildfire, insurance pool", "status": "held in committee", "outcome": "no enactment" }, { "bill": "HB 384", "title": "Wildfire risk mitigation fund", "status": "held in committee", "outcome": "no enactment" } ], "2026_session": [ { "bill": "HB 562", "sponsor": "Rep. Mark Sauter (R-Sandpoint)", "introduction_month": "2026-02", "key_provisions": [ "extend cancellation notice 30 to 60 days (amends Idaho Code 41-1842 AND 41-2401)", "extend nonrenewal notice 45 to 60 days (amends Idaho Code 41-1842)", "add new 60-day nonrenewal requirement to Idaho Code 41-2401 (personal-lines; was no statutory floor)", "add 'reason for cancellation' disclosure to Idaho Code 41-2401" ], "key_provisions_NOT_in_hb562_were_in_killed_hb618": [ "wildfire-risk-model disclosure", "annual written notice of home's wildfire-risk score in plain language", "mandatory disclosure of available fire-resistant-improvement discounts" ], "house_vote": "51-17-2 (2026-03-05)", "senate_vote": "20-13-2 (2026-03-24)", "signed_by_governor": "2026-03-27", "session_law_chapter": "Chapter 201", "effective_date": "2027-01-01", "status": "enacted (signed by Governor Little 2026-03-27); effective 2027-01-01" }, { "bill": "HB 618 (Wildfire Transparency Act)", "key_provisions": [ "wildfire-risk-model disclosure", "annual risk-score notice", "mandatory mitigation-discount disclosure" ], "status": "KILLED in House Business Committee 2026-03-12 (these provisions did NOT become law)" }, { "bill": "HB 619 (Cameron Wildfire Risk Mitigation Fund)", "funding_mechanism": "excess fees once $125M collected; one-quarter allocated to fund", "introduced": "2026-02-10", "referred_to_committee": "2026-02-11 (House Business Committee)", "status": "DIED at sine die adjournment 2026-04-02 without ever receiving a committee hearing (third consecutive session of failure for the Cameron mitigation-fund concept)" } ], "idoi_bulletin_25_02": { "date": "2025-04-22", "title": "Property Insurance Market Data Call", "scope": "all carriers authorized to write homeowners and dwelling-fire coverage in Idaho" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/sessioninfo/2026/legislation/H0562/", "source_name": "Idaho Legislature HB 562 / HB 618 / HB 619 (2026 session) + IDOI Bulletin 25-02", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Corrected 2026-05-15 (data-verifier-175 third-pass re-verification). Prior version misattributed HB 618's substantive disclosure provisions to enacted HB 562, and described killed HB 619 as 'passed House Business Committee on voice vote'. Both errors fixed per primary-source check against the Idaho Legislature bill detail pages. HB 562 (enacted) is purely notice-period extensions; HB 618 (killed 2026-03-12) held the substantive disclosure provisions; HB 619 (Cameron fund) died at sine die 2026-04-02 with no committee hearing. 2025 HB 17 / HB 384 (mitigation-fund precursors) both held in committee, no enactment. No Idaho FAIR Plan legislation has been introduced (the political path has consistently been mitigation-fund-plus-disclosure, not a residual-market mechanism)." }, { "field": "surplus_lines_role", "value": "Surplus lines is the de-facto coverage-of-last-resort path in Idaho for homeowners that admitted carriers decline. The Surplus Line Association of Idaho administers eligibility determinations, tax collection, and compliance for the market under Idaho Code Title 41, Chapter 12. The surplus-lines tax rate is 1.5% plus a 0.5% stamping fee, payable by the broker. IDOI publishes an annual Export List of coverages presumed eligible for surplus-lines placement without a diligent-search showing. Idaho surplus-lines premium volume was down 16% through mid-year 2025 but remains up 82% since mid-year 2022.", "value_json": { "regulator": "Idaho Department of Insurance", "administrator": "Surplus Line Association of Idaho", "administrator_address": "595 South 14th Street, Boise, Idaho 83702", "administrator_phone": "(208) 336-2901", "administrator_email": "support@idahosurplusline.org", "statute": "Idaho Code Title 41, Chapter 12 (Unauthorized Insurers and Surplus Lines)", "export_list_authority": "Idaho Code 41-1214", "surplus_lines_tax_rate_pct": 1.5, "stamping_fee_pct": 0.5, "tritech_filing_fee_usd": 3, "annual_filing_deadline": "March 1", "mid_2025_premium_yoy_change_pct": -16, "2022_to_2025_cumulative_growth_pct": 82, "guaranty_fund_note": "Surplus lines policies are not backed by the Idaho Insurance Guaranty Association", "broker_portal_launch": "2025-10-01 (new portal replacing InsCipher Submission Portal)", "2025_export_list_additions": [ "older hotel/motel properties", "apartments/condo associations", "cyber liability" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://idahosurplusline.org/", "source_name": "Surplus Line Association of Idaho / Idaho Department of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 82% 2022 to 2025 cumulative surplus-lines premium growth is the empirical fingerprint of the admitted-market 40,000-policy contraction; some of that demand absorbed back into the admitted market in 2024 (the 16% mid-2025 YoY decline) but a structural shift to E&S has occurred. WSIA national mid-2025 surplus-lines growth was 13.2%; Idaho's relative position is consistent with a state under unusual admitted-market stress." }, { "field": "guaranty_fund", "value": "Idaho Insurance Guaranty Association (IIGA) covers claims against insolvent admitted property/casualty carriers under Idaho Code Title 41, Chapter 36; it does not cover surplus-lines / non-admitted carriers. Membership in IIGA is mandatory for all admitted property/casualty insurers as a condition of authority to transact insurance in Idaho.", "value_json": { "fund_name": "Idaho Insurance Guaranty Association", "abbrev": "IIGA", "statute": "Idaho Code Title 41, Chapter 36", "short_title_section": "Idaho Code 41-3601", "covers": "admitted (licensed) property & casualty insurers", "does_not_cover": "surplus-lines / non-admitted (E&S) insurers; life, title, health (separate guaranty associations)", "website": "https://www.idiga.org/", "membership_condition": "mandatory for all admitted P&C insurers as condition of authority" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.idiga.org/", "source_name": "Idaho Insurance Guaranty Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Critical consumer-protection delta: an Idaho homeowner forced into the surplus-lines market by a non-renewal loses IIGA backstop. This is the practical price of Idaho's lack of a FAIR Plan; the three Idaho property carriers that exited 2023 to 2024 due to insolvency risk are exactly the scenario IIGA is designed to handle for the policyholders that remained in the admitted market." }, { "field": "consumer_guidance", "value": "If admitted carriers decline you in Idaho, your options are: (1) shop with an independent agent (Idaho still has approximately 65 to 70 admitted homeowners writers actively quoting after the 2023 to 2024 contraction; Idaho Farm Bureau is the largest Idaho-domiciled writer); (2) work with an Idaho-licensed surplus-lines broker who can place coverage with a non-admitted insurer through the Surplus Line Association of Idaho, recognizing that surplus-lines policies are not backed by the Idaho Insurance Guaranty Association and may exclude wildfire; (3) file a complaint with IDOI Consumer Affairs at (208) 334-4250 or (800) 721-3272 or at doi.idaho.gov/consumers/file-a-complaint/ if you believe a cancellation or nonrenewal violated Idaho Code 41-1841 (block actions) or 41-1842 (notice requirements).", "value_json": { "options": [ "shop with independent agent (65 to 70 admitted writers post-2023 contraction)", "surplus lines via licensed Idaho broker (no IIGA backing; wildfire may be excluded)", "complaint to IDOI Consumer Affairs (800) 721-3272 if 41-1841 or 41-1842 violated" ], "no_fair_plan_fallback": true, "statutes": [ "Idaho Code 41-1841", "Idaho Code 41-1842", "Idaho Code 41-1214", "Idaho Code Title 41 Chapter 12", "Idaho Code Title 41 Chapter 36" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.idaho.gov/consumers/home-renters-insurance/", "source_name": "Idaho Department of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 'no IIGA backing for surplus lines' is the most important consumer-protection caveat in Idaho. Director Cameron has publicly warned that surplus-lines policies 'may exclude wildfire protection' , read any surplus-lines policy form carefully for explicit wildfire exclusions before binding. Idaho's 41-1841 block-action protection is the strongest tool a homeowner has if a carrier issues a non-individualized ZIP-code non-renewal sweep." }, { "field": "key_statutes", "value": "Core Idaho homeowners-insurance statutes: Idaho Code 41-1841 (block cancellations and block nonrenewals , 120-day advance notice to the Director required); 41-1842 (individual cancellation and nonrenewal notice , 30 days for cancellation after 60 days in force, 10 days for nonpayment, 45 days for nonrenewal); 41-1214 (conditions for export to surplus lines); Idaho Code Title 41, Chapter 12 (Unauthorized Insurers and Surplus Lines , the full surplus-lines regulatory framework); Idaho Code Title 41, Chapter 36 (Idaho Insurance Guaranty Association , admitted carriers only).", "value_json": { "ID_41_1841": "block cancellations and block nonrenewals; 120 days' written notice to the Director with reasons stated; failure renders the action null and void", "ID_41_1842": "individual cancellation/nonrenewal notice; 30 days for cancellation after 60 days in force; 10 days for nonpayment; 45 days for nonrenewal; specific reasons required", "ID_41_1214": "conditions for export of coverage to the surplus-lines market; diligent-search requirement except for coverages on the Export List", "ID_Title_41_Chapter_12": "unauthorized insurers and surplus lines; eligibility, oversight, taxation, broker licensing", "ID_Title_41_Chapter_36": "Idaho Insurance Guaranty Association; covers admitted P&C only; insolvency-backstop" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title41/", "source_name": "Idaho Code Title 41 (Idaho State Legislature)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "These statutes are the basis for every consumer-rights conversation in Idaho homeowners insurance. Cite the specific section number when telling a homeowner what their carrier owes them. 41-1841 (block-action notice) is the most actionable Idaho-specific protection; 41-1842's notice periods are the floor." }, { "field": "post_disaster_protection", "value": "Idaho does not have a standing post-disaster nonrenewal moratorium analogous to California's Cal. Ins. Code Section 675.1. IDOI may issue bulletins after a declared disaster, and Idaho Code 41-1841's 120-day block-action notice requirement is a partial deterrent against rapid post-fire ZIP-code sweeps, but IDOI lacks the emergency authority to suspend nonrenewals across affected counties or ZIP codes by order.", "value_json": { "standing_moratorium": false, "moratorium_authority": "none statutory", "block_action_protection": "Idaho Code 41-1841 requires 120 days' notice to the Director before a block cancellation or nonrenewal; failure voids the action", "post_disaster_bulletins": "case-by-case (no standing trigger)", "contrast_ca": "California Cal. Ins. Code Section 675.1 (one-year nonrenewal moratorium in declared-wildfire ZIP codes)", "contrast_nv": "Nevada AB 376 (2025) carrier-disclosure and rate-justification requirements after declared wildfire events" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title41/t41ch18/sect41-1842/", "source_name": "Idaho Code 41-1841 and 41-1842", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Idaho's lack of a post-disaster moratorium is the single largest consumer-protection gap relative to California. HB 562 (2026) would double the individual-cancellation notice from 30 to 60 days but would not create a moratorium; no 2025 or 2026 Idaho bill has proposed a CA-style ZIP-code suspension. Confidence is medium because the absence-of-statute finding is well-evidenced but IDOI could in principle invoke emergency bulletin authority." }, { "field": "market_outlook_2026", "value": "Idaho's homeowners-insurance market is in mid-cycle hardening with availability stress concentrated in the WUI (Valley, Boise, Blaine, Custer, Kootenai, Bonner counties). The 2023 non-renewal spike of 6.55% has receded to 2.02% in 2024, but average premium rose 37.5% across 2022 to 2024 and 30,000+ Idahoans may have gone uninsured. Resolved this session: HB 562 signed 2026-03-27 (notice extensions, effective 2027-01-01); HB 618 (wildfire transparency) killed in committee 2026-03-12; HB 619 (Cameron mitigation fund) died at sine die without a hearing 2026-04-02. Forward-looking variables: (1) whether the Idaho Farm Bureau / Mountain West merger closes and stabilizes Idaho-domiciled WUI writing; (2) the 2025 fire season's loss development (IDOI 2026 data call); (3) reinsurance pricing flowing through the file-and-use rate regime; (4) whether Cameron returns with a fourth mitigation-fund proposal in the 2027 session.", "value_json": { "current_phase": "mid-cycle hardening; admitted-market contraction stabilizing; premium growth still elevated", "key_metrics_2024": { "avg_premium_usd": 1798, "non_renewal_pct": 2.02, "carriers_active": "approximately 65 to 70 admitted writers", "wildfire_insured_losses_usd": 24520000 }, "forward_variables": [ "Idaho Farm Bureau / Mountain West merger close (expected Q4 2025 or Q1 2026)", "2025 fire season loss development (IDOI 2026 data call)", "reinsurance pricing flowing through Idaho's file-and-use rate regime", "whether Cameron returns with a fourth mitigation-fund proposal in the 2027 session" ], "resolved_2026_session": [ "HB 562 signed 2026-03-27 (notice extensions, effective 2027-01-01)", "HB 618 (wildfire transparency) killed in House Business Committee 2026-03-12", "HB 619 (Cameron mitigation fund) died at sine die 2026-04-02 without a committee hearing" ], "structural_constraints": [ "no FAIR Plan", "no post-disaster moratorium", "file-and-use rate regime accelerates rate-increase pass-through", "Idaho Code 41-1841 block-action protection is meaningful but not a moratorium" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.boisestatepublicradio.org/politics-government/2025-10-27/homeowners-insurance-idaho-wildfire-insurance-premiums", "source_name": "Boise State Public Radio / IDOI 2025 Property Insurance Market Data Call", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The Director Cameron quote 'unhealthiness in the marketplace' is the IDOI's own framing as of October 2025; this is not a stable equilibrium. Treat forward-variable list as editorial synthesis; individual items medium confidence." }, { "field": "industry_data_sources", "value": "Authoritative Idaho-specific datasets for tracking homeowners-insurance availability and pricing: (1) IDOI Bulletin 25-02 / 2025 Property Insurance Market Data Call (April 22, 2025; 2022 to 2024 data; all 91 admitted carriers); (2) Surplus Line Association of Idaho premium and policy data; (3) Idaho Insurance Guaranty Association insolvency records; (4) NAIC Market Share Reports for Idaho; (5) U.S. Senate Budget Committee December 2024 non-renewal data call (county-level, 23 carriers, ~65% market, 2018 to 2023); (6) NIFC Annual Wildland Fire Summary Report (Idaho acres, fire counts); (7) Cotality 2025 Wildfire Risk Report (104,782 Idaho housing units at extreme risk).", "value_json": { "idoi_market_data_call": { "bulletin": "25-02", "date": "2025-04-22", "scope": "all admitted homeowners and dwelling-fire writers in Idaho", "years": "2022 to 2024", "press_release_url": "https://doi.idaho.gov/pressrelease/idaho-department-of-insurance-issues-property-insurance-market-data-call/" }, "surplus_line_assoc_idaho": { "url": "https://idahosurplusline.org/", "data_scope": "Idaho surplus-lines premium volume, broker activity" }, "idaho_insurance_guaranty_assoc": { "url": "https://www.idiga.org/", "data_scope": "Idaho P&C insurer insolvencies and covered-claim payouts" }, "senate_budget_committee_2024": { "url": "https://www.budget.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/next_to_fall_the_climate-driven_insurance_crisis_is_here__and_getting_worse.pdf", "level": "county", "years": "2018 to 2023" }, "nifc_annual_reports": { "url": "https://www.nifc.gov/fire-information/statistics", "scope": "Idaho acres burned, fire counts, suppression spending" }, "cotality_wildfire_2025": { "url": "https://www.cotality.com/insights/articles/wildfire-risk-report-2025", "id_housing_units_at_extreme_risk": 104782 } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.idaho.gov/pressrelease/idaho-department-of-insurance-issues-property-insurance-market-data-call/", "source_name": "Idaho Department of Insurance / multiple federal and industry datasets", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "IDOI's 2025 Property Insurance Market Data Call (with 2024 data publishing in October 2025) is the gold-standard Idaho dataset; re-pull annually as new editions publish. The 2026 IDOI data call (expected Q2 2026) will be the first complete view of 2025 fire-season loss development through Idaho carrier loss ratios." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "April 22, 2025: IDOI issues Bulletin 25-02 launching statewide Property Insurance Market Data Call. 2025 legislative session: HB 17 and HB 384 (wildfire mitigation fund proposals) introduced and held in committee; no enactment. Summer to fall 2024: Idaho experiences worst wildfire season since 2012, approximately 826,000 to 1 million acres burned across 1,400+ fires, 50+ homes destroyed, $51.1M total suppression cost. September 30, 2025: Mountain West Farm Bureau Mutual announces merger into IFB Mutual Insurance Holding Company (parent of Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company of Idaho). October 27, 2025: IDOI releases 2025 market data-call findings (2022 to 2024 series). October 1, 2025: new Idaho Surplus Line Broker Portal launches. February 2026: HB 562 (Sauter et al.) introduced to extend cancellation and nonrenewal notice periods only (30 to 60 days cancellation in Idaho Code 41-1842 and 41-2401; new 60-day nonrenewal floor for personal lines under 41-2401). Wildfire-risk-model disclosure and mandatory discount-disclosure provisions were in separate companion bill HB 618 (killed in House Business Committee 2026-03-12), NOT in HB 562. February 2026: HB 619 (Cameron-backed Wildfire Risk Mitigation Fund) introduced and referred to House Business Committee, but DIED at sine die adjournment 2026-04-02 without a committee hearing (third consecutive session of failure).", "value_json": { "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-07-24", "event": "Wapiti Fire ignites (lightning); ultimately burns 129,063 acres on Boise/Sawtooth/Salmon-Challis NF" }, { "date": "2024 fire season", "event": "Idaho burns approximately 826,000 to 1 million acres across 1,400+ wildfires; 50+ homes destroyed; $51.1M suppression cost" }, { "date": "2025 regular session", "event": "HB 17 and HB 384 (wildfire mitigation fund) held in committee; no enactment" }, { "date": "2025-04-22", "event": "IDOI Bulletin 25-02: Property Insurance Market Data Call launched" }, { "date": "2025-09-30", "event": "Mountain West Farm Bureau Mutual / IFB Mutual Insurance Holding Company merger announced" }, { "date": "2025-10-01", "event": "New Idaho Surplus Line Broker Portal launches (replaces InsCipher Submission Portal)" }, { "date": "2025-10-23", "event": "IDOI 2025 Property Insurance Market Data Call results released: 6.55% non-renewal rate 2023, 37.5% premium growth 2022 to 2024" }, { "date": "2026-02", "event": "HB 562 (Sauter et al.) introduced to extend cancellation and nonrenewal notice periods (30 to 60 days cancellation in 41-1842 and 41-2401; new 60-day nonrenewal floor for personal lines under 41-2401). Note: wildfire-risk-model disclosure and discount-disclosure provisions were in companion bill HB 618, NOT HB 562." }, { "date": "2026-03-05", "event": "HB 562 passes Idaho House 51-17-2" }, { "date": "2026-03-12", "event": "HB 618 (Wildfire Transparency Act: wildfire-risk-model disclosure, annual risk-score notice, mandatory discount disclosure) killed in House Business Committee" }, { "date": "2026-03-24", "event": "HB 562 passes Idaho Senate 20-13-2" }, { "date": "2026-03-27", "event": "HB 562 signed by Governor Brad Little (Session Law Chapter 201); cancellation notice doubles 30 to 60 days effective 2027-01-01" }, { "date": "2026-04-02", "event": "HB 619 (Cameron-backed Wildfire Risk Mitigation Fund) died at sine die adjournment without a House Business Committee hearing (third consecutive session of failure: HB 17 / HB 384 / HB 619)" } ], "current_commissioner": { "name": "Dean L. Cameron", "title": "Director of the Department of Insurance", "confirmed_date": "2015-06-15", "predecessor": "Not identified on official DOI bio page (Cameron has held the role continuously since 2015; reappointed 2019-01-04 and 2023-01-06)", "source_url": "https://doi.idaho.gov/information/about-doi/about-the-director/", "source_name": "Idaho Department of Insurance - Director" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 1, "label": "1" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Idaho billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/ID", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/sessioninfo/2026/legislation/H0562/", "source_name": "Idaho Legislature HB 562 / HB 618 / HB 619 (2026 session) + IDOI", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Keep this field current as the 2026 Idaho legislative session resolves (sine die typically late March or early April) and as IDOI publishes its 2026 market data-call results (expected Q4 2026 for 2025 data); the next 90 days are the most consequential window for Idaho residual-market policy since 2015." }, { "field": "hero_stat_override", "value": "6.55%", "value_json": { "label": "Idaho admitted-market homeowners non-renewal rate peak (2023)", "amount": 6.55, "unit": "pct" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.capitalpress.com/state/idaho/idaho-insurance-non-renewals-spiked-700-in-2023/article_c0f2f57c-7e91-11ef-b8eb-87a8aabba2bf.html", "source_name": "Capital Press on Idaho DOI Bulletin 25-02 (2025-04)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Headline number — Idaho 2023 non-renewal rate of 6.55% is the most severe single-year non-renewal event documented in any U.S. state by a state DOI data call (per IDOI Bulletin 25-02). 27,798 policies non-renewed in a single year. Approximately 7.8x the 2022 baseline of 0.84%." } ] }, { "code": "IL", "name": "Illinois", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/illinois-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.illinoisfairplan.com/", "source_name": "Illinois FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Active since at least 1968. Statutory basis: 215 ILCS 5/522-524 (Article XXXIII, Urban Property Insurance). Confirmed on IFPA website and PIPSO membership list. Separate Illinois Mine Subsidence Insurance Fund handles mine-subsidence (not this plan)." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Illinois FAIR Plan Association", "value_json": { "name": "Illinois FAIR Plan Association", "abbreviation": "IFPA" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.illinoisfairplan.com/", "source_name": "Illinois FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "The plan refers to itself as 'Illinois FAIR Plan Association' (IFPA) throughout its website. FAIR = Fair Access to Insurance Requirements." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.illinoisfairplan.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.illinoisfairplan.com/", "agent_portal": "https://ifpa.onaipso.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.illinoisfairplan.com/", "source_name": "Illinois FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Site confirmed live and official. Online portal for agents at ifpa.onaipso.com." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Homeowners policies: fire, lightning, wind, hail, explosion, smoke, vehicles, aircraft, vandalism and malicious mischief; homeowners forms also include burglary, theft, and personal liability. Dwelling Fire policies: fire, lightning, extended coverage perils (wind/hail, explosion, riot, aircraft, vehicles, smoke), vandalism. Earthquake available as optional endorsement on dwelling and homeowners (not commercial). Settlement on actual cash value basis. Does NOT include flood.", "value_json": { "base_perils": [ "fire", "lightning", "wind", "hail", "explosion", "smoke", "vehicles", "aircraft", "vandalism and malicious mischief" ], "homeowners_additional": [ "burglary", "theft", "personal liability" ], "optional_endorsements": [ "earthquake (5% deductible, dwelling + homeowners only)" ], "exclusions": [ "flood" ], "settlement_basis": "actual cash value" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.illinoisfairplan.com/consumers.html", "source_name": "Illinois FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "IFPA consumers page states coverage for 'fire, lightning, wind, hail, explosion, smoke, vehicles, aircraft, and vandalism and malicious mischief'; homeowners policies additionally cover 'burglary, theft and personal liability coverage.' Policy forms confirmed via PropertyCasualty360 state FAIR Plans reference (July 2024): homeowners HO 00 02/03/08, renters HO 00 04/06, dwellings DP 00 01, commercial CP 00 99." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "$750,000 (dwelling/homeowners Coverage A); $375,000 personal property/contents; $100,000 condos; $1,000,000 commercial", "value_json": { "dwelling_coverage_a_max_usd": 750000, "contents_max_usd": 375000, "condo_max_usd": 100000, "commercial_max_usd": 1000000, "currency": "USD", "settlement_basis": "actual cash value" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.illinoisfairplan.com/", "source_name": "Illinois FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "IFPA website states: 'Up to $750,000 worth of protection is available on a dwelling, up to $375,000 for contents of a dwelling, apartment or condominium, and up to $1,000,000 on commercial property (not including farm and manufacturing properties).' Confirmed consistent with PropertyCasualty360 state FAIR Plans reference (Coverage A max $750,000). Personal liability up to $300,000 optional." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "typical", "value_json": { "status": "typical" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.illinoisfairplan.com/consumers.html", "source_name": "Illinois FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "FAIR Plan homeowners includes personal liability (up to $300K optional), theft and burglary -- more complete than pure fire-peril states. No formal named DIC/wrap product marketed, but brokers may supplement. Earthquake endorsement available directly through IFPA. No flood coverage." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Residential (1-4 family owner-occupied dwellings in urban areas): eligible if coverage has been non-renewed in the voluntary market. Commercial and non-residential: must demonstrate 3 declinations/non-renewals from unrelated insurers (required by 215 ILCS 5/524). All applicants: property must be at a fixed location and meet IFPA underwriting/condition standards. Vacant or severely deteriorated property is generally ineligible.", "value_json": { "residential_rule": "non-renewal in voluntary market triggers eligibility; urban area, fixed location", "commercial_rule": "3 documented declinations/non-renewals from unrelated insurers required (215 ILCS 5/524)", "property_condition": "must meet IFPA underwriting standards" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ilga.gov/documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/021500050K524.htm", "source_name": "Illinois General Assembly (215 ILCS 5/524)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Statute 215 ILCS 5/524 draws a distinction: owner-residents of 1-4 family urban dwellings who have been non-renewed get direct FAIR Plan access; non-residential applicants need 3 documented attempts. IFPA website confirms the 3-declination commercial rule explicitly. No stated numeric declination requirement found for standard residential homeowners, consistent with the statutory text." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through a licensed Illinois insurance producer/agent. Paper applications no longer accepted (since July 2015); all submissions must be made electronically via the IFPA portal at ifpa.onaipso.com. Producer locates appropriate policy form; IFPA inspects property and evaluates eligibility.", "value_json": { "channel": "licensed IL producer/agent (electronic only)", "portal_url": "https://ifpa.onaipso.com/", "plan_url": "https://www.illinoisfairplan.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.illinoisfairplan.com/", "source_name": "Illinois FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "IFPA website explicitly states paper applications no longer accepted as of July 2015; electronic submission only. No direct-to-consumer application channel." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market for narrower or equivalent coverage; last resort, not a price-competition fallback. The IFPA has approved multiple rate increases in recent years (8.3% in 2022, 9.4% in 2024 for homeowners; 9.6% in 2023 and 13.8% effective April 2025 for Dwelling Fire), suggesting premiums are rising faster than the standard market average.", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, last resort" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.illinoisfairplan.com/rates.html", "source_name": "Illinois FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "General positioning is standard for FAIR Plans; the Illinois program does include liability and theft in homeowners policies, making it slightly less narrow than pure basic-property plans in other states. Rate increase frequency supports 'more expensive' characterization." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Rate increases approved by IL DOI on IFPA filings: Homeowners +11.6% statewide average effective 04/01/26; Dwelling Fire +13.8% effective 04/01/25; Homeowners +9.4% effective 04/01/24; Dwelling Fire +9.6% effective 04/01/23; Homeowners +8.3% effective 04/01/22. Policy count approximately 1,961 habitational policies per III FY2024 (relatively small plan; historically concentrated in older Chicago-area urban housing stock). Broader Illinois market context: State Farm filed a +27.2% average rate change in 2025 (largest in state history). Allstate filed approximately $58M in December 2025, effective February 2026. MAJOR LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENT: HB 4273 (homeowners) and SB 714 (auto) passed both chambers of the Illinois General Assembly on May 27-28, 2026 (HB 4273: House 72-38; SB 714: House 70-38). Governor Pritzker stated he looks forward to signing both bills. Key provisions of HB 4273: prohibits excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory rates; grants IDOI authority to review and reject rate filings; mandates 60 days notice before any premium increase exceeding 10% at renewal; effective July 1, 2027 if signed. Also amends 215 ILCS 5/143.17 to add the 60-day premium-increase notice requirement alongside the existing nonrenewal notice provisions. This will effectively end Illinois status as the only US state without homeowners rate prior-approval (effective July 2027).", "value_json": { "rate_changes": [ { "type": "homeowners", "pct": 11.6, "effective": "2026-04-01" }, { "type": "dwelling_fire", "pct": 13.8, "effective": "2025-04-01" }, { "type": "homeowners", "pct": 9.4, "effective": "2024-04-01" }, { "type": "dwelling_fire", "pct": 9.6, "effective": "2023-04-01" }, { "type": "homeowners", "pct": 8.3, "effective": "2022-04-01" } ], "habitational_policies_fy2024_approx": 1961, "broader_market_context": { "il_unique_status": "only US state with no homeowners rate prior-approval (until HB 4273 takes effect July 2027)", "state_farm_2025_filing_pct": 27.2, "state_farm_2025_filing_note": "largest in state history", "allstate_2025_12_filing_usd": 58000000, "allstate_2025_12_filing_effective": "2026-02", "hb4273_status": "passed IL House 72-38 on 2026-05-28; passed both chambers; awaiting gubernatorial signature. Prohibits excessive/inadequate/discriminatory rates; grants IDOI rate-rejection authority; requires 60-day notice before any 10%+ premium increase at renewal; amends 215 ILCS 5/143.17; effective 2027-07-01 if signed.", "sb714_status": "passed IL House 70-38 on 2026-05-28; parallel auto insurance rate-regulation bill; effective 2027-07-01 if signed", "note_sb1486_superseded": "SB 1486 (tracked in prior entry as passed House 2026-03-19 awaiting Senate) was superseded; reform enacted via HB 4273 and SB 714" }, "current_commissioner": { "name": "Ann Gillespie", "title": "Director of Insurance", "confirmed_date": "2025-05-30", "predecessor": "Dana Popish Severinghaus (served 2021-2024; Gillespie named acting director by Gov. Pritzker effective 2024-04-15, then IL Senate-confirmed 2025-05-30)", "source_url": "https://idoi.illinois.gov/aboutus/aboutidoi.html", "source_name": "Illinois Department of Insurance - Director" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 7, "label": "7" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 9, "label": "9" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 12, "label": "12" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Illinois billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/IL", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ilga.gov/ftp/legislation/104/HB/10400HB4273enr.htm", "source_name": "Illinois FAIR Plan Association (rate data) + Illinois General Assembly HB 4273 enrolled text + Capitol News Illinois (legislative context)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Rate changes sourced directly from IFPA rates page. Policy count/exposure from III FY2024 table. All rate increases were approved by IDOI. Per data-verifier-Wave-21 (2026-05-16) P1: added broader Illinois market context absent from prior compilation -- IL is the only US state without homeowners rate prior-approval; State Farm +27.2% 2025 filing (largest in state history); Allstate ~$58M February 2026 filing; SB 1486 (passed House 66-40 on 2026-03-19, in Senate) would give IDOI rate-rejection authority + 60-day-notice-before-10%-increase rule, effective 2027-07 if enacted. Without this context the page does not credibly serve someone searching 'why is Illinois homeowners insurance changing.'" }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Non-renewal of a homeowners policy in Illinois is governed by 215 ILCS 5/143.17, which requires the insurer to give the named insured at least 30 days written notice of intent not to renew (uniform; no policy-duration tier). 215 ILCS 5/143.17a (60-day notice) does NOT apply to standard personal-lines homeowners -- it explicitly excludes the policy types in 215 ILCS 5/143.13(a)(b)(c)(h), which include standard homeowners. Cancellation mid-term is governed by 215 ILCS 5/143.11 et seq. (specific grounds, separate notice rules). Policyholder has right to request a hearing before cancellation/non-renewal takes effect (215 ILCS 5/143.23, request must be made at least 20 days in advance). No standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium comparable to California's SB 824. Separate FAIR Plan termination provisions exist under Article XXXIII. The IDOI consumer page presents a 30/60-day split simplification that does not appear in the primary statute text; the statute is uniform 30 days for homeowners.", "value_json": { "statute_homeowners_nonrenewal": "215 ILCS 5/143.17 (uniform 30-day notice; no policy-age tier)", "statute_5_143_17a_does_not_apply": "215 ILCS 5/143.17a expressly excludes policy types in 5/143.13(a)(b)(c)(h), which include standard personal-lines homeowners", "nonrenewal_notice_days_uniform": 30, "hearing_request_days_before": 20, "post_disaster_moratorium": "none standing" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ilga.gov/documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/021500050K143.17.htm", "source_name": "215 ILCS 5/143.17 (Illinois General Assembly)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-20", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-21 (2026-05-16) CRITICAL P0: prior phrasing cited 215 ILCS 5/143.17a (60-day) with a 30/60 policy-age tier; both wrong. Homeowners non-renewal is 215 ILCS 5/143.17 (uniform 30 days). 215 ILCS 5/143.17a explicitly EXCLUDES the standard personal-lines homeowners policy types listed at 215 ILCS 5/143.13(a)(b)(c)(h). The 30/60-day-by-policy-age split appears on the IDOI consumer page as a simplification but is NOT in the primary statute. source_url migrated from FindLaw mirror to ilga.gov per L13g-CRIT/L19. Statute confirmed live at ilga.gov/documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/021500050K143.17.htm. needs_rescan: true." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "No major-carrier homeowners market exit confirmed for Illinois comparable to California or Florida. Illinois's insurance challenges center on older urban housing stock affordability and rising severe convective storm losses (tornadoes, hail). No verified statewide exit or major non-renewal wave from a named carrier as of May 2026.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": null, "action": "no confirmed major-carrier IL homeowners market exit as of May 2026", "date": "2020-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.illinoisfairplan.com/", "source_name": "Illinois FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No specific named-carrier withdrawal verified. NRDC published analysis in early 2026 flagging Illinois as at risk of an insurability crisis due to severe convective storm losses (nrdc.org -- site returned 403 on direct fetch). Needs manual check of IL DOI market conduct reports." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://idoi.illinois.gov/consumers/consumerinsurance/homeownerrenter/if-your-homeowners-insurance-policy-is-non-renewed.html", "value_json": { "url": "https://idoi.illinois.gov/consumers/consumerinsurance/homeownerrenter/if-your-homeowners-insurance-policy-is-non-renewed.html", "regulator": "Illinois Department of Insurance", "main_site": "https://idoi.illinois.gov/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://idoi.illinois.gov/consumers/consumerinsurance/homeownerrenter/if-your-homeowners-insurance-policy-is-non-renewed.html", "source_name": "Illinois Department of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "IDOI maintains a dedicated consumer page on non-renewal rights (confirmed in search results). Main consumer site: idoi.illinois.gov." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "215 ILCS 5/522-524 (Article XXXIII, Urban Property Insurance, Illinois Insurance Code)", "value_json": { "citation": "215 ILCS 5/522-524", "article": "Article XXXIII, Urban Property Insurance" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ilga.gov/documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/021500050K524.htm", "source_name": "Illinois General Assembly", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Confirmed by IFPA website referencing 215 ILCS 5/524 for FAIR Plan procedure, and Justia citation of Article XXXIII Urban Property Insurance." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "IFPA is funded by premiums and assessments on all admitted IL property insurers (proportional to market share); no public funds. Small plan historically used for older urban housing in Chicago metro area. Unlike some FAIR Plans, Illinois homeowners policies include burglary/theft and personal liability -- closer in scope to a standard HO policy, though at ACV settlement. Electronic-only submissions since July 2015. Claims phone: (502) 425-7903.", "value_json": { "funding": "premium + member-insurer assessments; no public funds", "notable_feature": "homeowners includes theft + personal liability, unlike many bare-bones FAIR Plans", "settlement_basis": "actual cash value" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.illinoisfairplan.com/", "source_name": "Illinois FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Structural and coverage details confirmed from IFPA website directly." } ] }, { "code": "IN", "name": "Indiana", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/indiana-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.indianafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Indiana Basic Property Insurance Underwriting Association (Indiana FAIR Plan)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Established October 28, 1968. Confirmed on PIPSO membership list and plan's own website. Very small plan by national standards. Indiana is uniquely the only US state whose FAIR Plan was NOT established by statute -- the IBPIUA operates as a voluntary industry association under a self-adopted Plan of Operation (per FHCCI June 2025 report); see the statute field for the full finding." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Indiana Basic Property Insurance Underwriting Association (Indiana FAIR Plan)", "value_json": { "name": "Indiana Basic Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "common_name": "Indiana FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.indianafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Indiana Basic Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Official name per plan's own website: 'Indiana Basic Property Insurance Underwriting Association, also known as the FAIR Plan.'" }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.indianafairplan.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.indianafairplan.com/", "agent_portal": "https://infairplan.onaipso.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.indianafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Indiana Basic Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Main website confirmed. Agent portal at infairplan.onaipso.com. Contact: 317-692-0559 (general/agents), 317-692-0572 (claims), 317-692-0578 (members). Address: 3502 Woodview Trace Suite 100, Indianapolis IN 46268." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Dwelling Fire DP-1 Basic: fire, lightning, extended coverage (windstorm/hail, explosion, riot, aircraft, vehicles, smoke). Dwelling Fire DP-2 Broad: adds additional named perils. Homeowners HO-8 Modified/Basic: limited named perils. Homeowners HO-2 Broad: broader named perils, personal liability ($100,000), and medical payments ($1,000). Commercial CP 00 99. Optional earthquake and mine subsidence endorsements. Does NOT include flood. Settlement on actual cash value basis.", "value_json": { "policy_forms": [ "DP-1 Basic", "DP-2 Broad", "HO-8 Modified/Basic", "HO-2 Broad", "CP 00 99 Commercial" ], "base_perils": [ "fire", "lightning", "windstorm/hail", "explosion", "riot", "aircraft", "vehicles", "smoke" ], "optional_endorsements": [ "earthquake", "mine subsidence" ], "homeowners_ho2_additional": [ "personal liability ($100K)", "medical payments ($1K)" ], "exclusions": [ "flood" ], "settlement_basis": "actual cash value", "deductibles": [ "$500", "$1,000", "$2,500" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.indianafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Indiana Basic Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Policy forms and perils confirmed from IBPIUA website and PropertyCasualty360 state FAIR Plans reference (July 2024). Mine subsidence endorsement is Indiana-specific (relevant to historic coal mining areas)." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "$250,000 combined building and contents (residential); $1,000,000 combined building and contents (commercial)", "value_json": { "dwelling_max_combined_usd": 250000, "commercial_max_combined_usd": 1000000, "currency": "USD", "note": "residential cap is building + contents combined" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.indianafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Indiana Basic Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "IBPIUA website states: 'Maximum amount of coverage for dwelling risk is $250,000 combined for building and contents.' Commercial: $1,000,000 combined. Confirmed consistent with PropertyCasualty360 reference." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "typical", "value_json": { "status": "typical" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.indianafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Indiana Basic Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "HO-2 Broad form includes personal liability and medical payments. No formal named DIC/wrap product marketed. Brokers can add separate flood or umbrella as needed." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Must have received declination of coverage by at least 3 non-related insurance companies. At renewal, must again show proof of 3 declinations from different carriers within the prior 60 days. Property must be a dwelling or commercial structure in Indiana and meet IBPIUA underwriting standards. Vacant buildings are ineligible unless under active renovation to be completed within 90 days.", "value_json": { "declinations_required": 3, "rule": "3 declinations from non-related insurers required (initial and at renewal)", "renewal_declination_window_days": 60, "vacant_exception": "active renovation completing within 90 days" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.indianafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Indiana Basic Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "IBPIUA website and search results confirm the 3-declination requirement for initial eligibility and renewal. Declination verified in Section 2 of the FAIR Plan application. Renewal requires reproof within 60 days prior." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through a licensed Indiana independent insurance agent, or via the online application system at infairplan.onaipso.com. Contact IBPIUA: 317-692-0559 (general/agents). Address: 3502 Woodview Trace, Suite 100, Indianapolis, IN 46268.", "value_json": { "channel": "licensed IN independent agent or online portal", "portal_url": "https://infairplan.onaipso.com/", "phone_agents": "317-692-0559", "plan_url": "https://www.indianafairplan.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.indianafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Indiana Basic Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Website offers both online application portal and independent agent route. In-person office visits require advance scheduling (COVID-era policy still noted on site)." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market for narrower coverage; last resort, not a price-competition fallback. Indiana's FAIR Plan is very small (approximately 660-810 residential policies), suggesting most Indiana properties remain insurable in the standard market.", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, narrower coverage; last resort" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.indianafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Indiana Basic Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "General FAIR Plan characterization; no specific Indiana premium rate comparison found in primary sources. Plan is very small, indicating limited market stress compared to coastal/wildfire states." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Residential policies in force: ~1,183 (2018) declining to ~660 (2022), a 41.5% decrease, with an uptick to ~692 (2023) and approximately 810 per III FY2024 reporting. Total written exposure withheld pending primary-source confirmation from IBPIUA's own annual report (the III FY2024 figure for Indiana is currently being treated as a reporting-unit anomaly internally). Indiana SB 338 (2025) requires the Department of Insurance to submit annual reports on the Indiana FAIR Plan. Indiana SB 24 (2025) proposed (status unconfirmed) a 10% rate-increase cap per year. The Fair Housing Center of Central Indiana's June 2025 report 'The Insurance Crisis Hits Home' examined Indiana's insurance challenges.", "value_json": { "policies_2018": 1183, "policies_2022": 660, "policies_2023": 692, "habitational_policies_fy2024_approx": 810, "exposure_fy2024_status": "withheld pending primary-source confirmation from IBPIUA annual report", "legislation_2025": [ "SB 338 -- annual DOI reporting on FAIR Plan; INTRODUCED but does NOT appear on Gov. Braun's 2025 signed-legislation list (data-verifier-114, 2026-05-15); treat as failed pending confirmation", "SB 24 -- proposed 10% rate-increase cap; INTRODUCED but does NOT appear on Gov. Braun's 2025 signed-legislation list; treat as failed pending confirmation" ], "current_commissioner": { "name": "Holly Williams Lambert", "title": "Insurance Commissioner", "confirmed_date": "2024-10-16", "predecessor": "Amy Beard (resigned 2024; Lambert appointed by Gov. Holcomb to succeed her; retained under Gov. Braun who took office January 2025)", "source_url": "https://www.in.gov/idoi/newsroom/indiana-department-of-insurance-leadership/", "source_name": "Indiana Department of Insurance - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 7, "label": "7" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 8, "label": "8" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Indiana billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/IN", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/insurance-provided-by-fair-plans-by-state-fiscal-year-2024-1", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute (FY2024) + Indiana General Assembly (SB 338)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "Policy count trend (1,183 to 660 to 692) from FHCCI June 2025 report (secondary source). III FY2024 figure of ~810 is slightly different (different fiscal period). The III exposure figure (~$1.8M) is likely reported in a different unit scale or is a partial figure; treat as unverified." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Residential property insurance non-renewal: insurer must mail written notice to the named insured at least 60 days before policy expiration (Ind. Code 27-7-12-4, as amended by HEA 1260 / Public Law 86, effective 2026-07-01; the prior notice period was 20 days). Cancellation: 10 days notice for non-payment; 20 days for mid-term cancellations after 60 days in force (cancellation notice periods unchanged by HEA 1260). No standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium in Indiana.", "value_json": { "statute": "Ind. Code 27-7-12-4 (as amended by HEA 1260 / Public Law 86, 2026)", "nonrenewal_notice_days": 60, "nonrenewal_notice_effective_date": "2026-07-01", "prior_nonrenewal_notice_days": 20, "cancellation_nonpayment_days": 10, "cancellation_midterm_days": 20, "post_disaster_moratorium": "none standing" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://iga.in.gov/pdf-documents/124/2026/house/bills/HB1260/HB1260.06.ENRS.pdf", "source_name": "Indiana HEA 1260 / Public Law 86 (2026) amending IC 27-7-12-4 (Indiana General Assembly)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Statute cited per Justia search result; the 20-day residential non-renewal notice and 10-day cancellation for non-payment are confirmed from the search result summary. Verify full statute text before publishing." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "No major-carrier homeowners market exit confirmed for Indiana as of May 2026. Indiana faces rising severe convective storm losses (tornadoes, hail, derechos) contributing to premium increases, but no named-carrier exit announcement verified. The 41.5% FAIR Plan residential policy decline 2018-2022 suggests Indiana homeowners found voluntary market coverage, not that carriers exited.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": null, "action": "no confirmed major-carrier IN homeowners market exit as of May 2026", "date": "2020-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.indianafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Indiana Basic Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No specific named-carrier withdrawal verified. Needs manual check of IN DOI market reports." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://www.in.gov/idoi/consumer-services/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.in.gov/idoi/consumer-services/", "regulator": "Indiana Department of Insurance", "types_of_insurance": "https://www.in.gov/idoi/consumer-services/types-of-insurance/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.in.gov/idoi/consumer-services/", "source_name": "Indiana Department of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Main IDOI consumer services page confirmed. Indiana also running SB 338 to require annual DOI reports on FAIR Plan performance." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "Indiana is the only US state whose FAIR Plan does NOT have a dedicated enabling state statute. The Indiana Basic Property Insurance Underwriting Association (IBPIUA) operates as a voluntary industry association under a self-adopted Plan of Operation, with no gubernatorial board appointments and no mandatory carrier participation, per the Fair Housing Center of Central Indiana (FHCCI) June 2025 report ('The Insurance Crisis Hits Home'). Indiana Code does reference the IBPIUA for ancillary purposes: IC 27-2-13-1 names 'the Indiana FAIR plan' for arson-reporting definitions; IC 27-1-35-7 classifies residual-market pools (including the IBPIUA) as excluded from the 'licensed insurer' definition; IC 27-6-5 (Federal Reinsurance, Acts 1969 c.429) requires the Indiana Department of Insurance to annually report to the General Assembly on the FAIR Plan per 12 U.S.C. 1749bbb-3. None of these create the IBPIUA. The closest historical statutory hook is the 1969 Federal Reinsurance enabling act (IC 27-6-5), which acknowledges the plan's existence as part of the national-program framework rather than authorizing it.", "value_json": { "enabling_statute": "none -- Indiana is the only US state whose FAIR Plan was not established by statute (per FHCCI June 2025 report)", "ancillary_references": { "IC_27-2-13-1": "names 'the Indiana FAIR plan' for arson-reporting definitions", "IC_27-1-35-7": "classifies residual-market pools (incl. IBPIUA) as excluded from 'licensed insurer' definition", "IC_27-6-5": "Federal Reinsurance (Acts 1969 c.429); requires IDOI annual report on FAIR Plan per 12 U.S.C. 1749bbb-3 -- closest historical hook but does not create the IBPIUA" }, "governance": "voluntary industry association under self-adopted Plan of Operation; no gubernatorial board appointments; no mandatory carrier participation", "founded": "1968-10-28", "national_uniqueness": "the only US state FAIR Plan operating without an enabling state statute" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.fhcci.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/FHCCI-Insurance-Report-6-11-25.pdf", "source_name": "Fair Housing Center of Central Indiana (FHCCI), 'The Insurance Crisis Hits Home' (June 2025) -- HUD-funded report; obtained IBPIUA Plan of Operation via public records request", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-22 (2026-05-16) CRITICAL FINDING: prior 'Ind. Code 27-1-29.1' citation was wrong (that is the Political Subdivision Catastrophic Liability Fund). After thorough Title 27 search by sub-agent, the search is conclusive: NO enabling Indiana Code chapter for the IBPIUA exists. Indiana is the only US state whose FAIR Plan was not established by statute, per the FHCCI June 2025 report (HUD-funded; FHCCI obtained the IBPIUA Plan of Operation via public records request to the IBPIUA after the IBPIUA initially refused). The IBPIUA is a voluntary industry association under a self-adopted Plan of Operation. This is itself a notable and citable data point -- not a data gap but a substantive finding about Indiana's uniquely market-driven (not statute-driven) residual-market mechanism. Ancillary IC references (27-2-13-1 / 27-1-35-7 / 27-6-5) acknowledge the plan but do not enable it. needs_rescan: true to attempt obtaining SB 484 (2003) enrolled bill text via Indiana LSA (legislative.services@iga.in.gov) to definitively confirm the null-statute conclusion; if confirmed, this finding becomes high-confidence. Confidence promoted PENDING -> medium because we now have a solid secondary source for the null-statute claim. do_not_render_until_resolved sentinel REMOVED -- the field can render with this framing." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "Indiana Basic Property Insurance Underwriting Association is funded by premiums and assessments on all admitted IN property insurers; no public funds. Among the smallest FAIR Plans in the US by policy count. Established October 28, 1968. Optional mine subsidence coverage is Indiana-specific (historic coal-mining areas). Aggregate exposure figures are withheld pending primary-source confirmation from IBPIUA's own annual report.", "value_json": { "funding": "premium + member-insurer assessments; no public funds", "established": "1968-10-28", "plan_size": "very small -- among smallest FAIR Plans in US", "indiana_specific": "mine subsidence optional endorsement" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.indianafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Indiana Basic Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Established date and structure confirmed from IBPIUA website." } ] }, { "code": "KS", "name": "Kansas", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/kansas-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ksfairplan.com/", "source_name": "Kansas All-Industry Placement Facility (Kansas FAIR Plan)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Active FAIR Plan confirmed on PIPSO membership list, III FY2024 table (~11,507 policies -- among the larger FAIR Plans by policy count), and plan website. Statutory basis: Kan. Stat. Ann. 40-2142 (enacted as L. 2017, ch. 6, sec. 1, effective July 1, 2017 per the Kansas Legislature statute page; was previously cited as January 1, 2018, which is wrong by six months — Kansas uses July 1 as its standard statute-effective-date). Kansas enacted its FAIR Plan statute more recently than most states (1968 wave). Plan is a not-for-profit association of Kansas property insurers." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Kansas All-Industry Placement Facility (Kansas FAIR Plan)", "value_json": { "name": "Kansas All-Industry Placement Facility", "common_name": "Kansas FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ksfairplan.com/", "source_name": "Kansas All-Industry Placement Facility", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Plan's own website states: 'Kansas All-Industry Placement Facility, also known as the Kansas FAIR Plan.'" }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://ksfairplan.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://ksfairplan.com/", "agent_portal": "https://my.ksfairplan.com/", "policyholder_portal": "https://myaccount.ksfairplan.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ksfairplan.com/", "source_name": "Kansas All-Industry Placement Facility", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Main website ksfairplan.com confirmed active. Agent submission portal at my.ksfairplan.com. Policyholder account at myaccount.ksfairplan.com. Contact: (785) 271-2300 or (800) 777-1513 / customerservice@ksfairplan.com. Address: 2942A SW Wanamaker Dr., Suite 250, Topeka, KS 66614." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Dwelling policies use AAIS FL-1 Basic Form (not the more common ISO forms). Base perils: fire or lightning, explosion. Optional extended coverage perils: windstorm/hail, riot or civil commotion, aircraft, vehicles, sudden and accidental damage from smoke, sinkhole collapse, volcanic action. Optional vandalism and malicious mischief endorsement. Optional theft coverage and personal liability may be available. Farm property is excluded. Does NOT include flood. Settlement on actual cash value (ACV) basis.", "value_json": { "dwelling_form": "AAIS FL-1 Basic Form", "base_perils": [ "fire or lightning", "explosion" ], "optional_extended_coverage": [ "windstorm/hail", "riot/civil commotion", "aircraft", "vehicles", "smoke (sudden/accidental)", "sinkhole collapse", "volcanic action" ], "optional_endorsements": [ "vandalism and malicious mischief", "theft", "personal liability" ], "exclusions": [ "flood", "farm property" ], "settlement_basis": "actual cash value; coverage cannot exceed 100% of ACV or market value (whichever is less)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.propertycasualty360.com/fcs/2024/07/22/state-fair-plans-2/", "source_name": "PropertyCasualty360 -- State FAIR Plans reference (July 2024)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "AAIS FL-1 Basic Form and peril list confirmed from PropertyCasualty360 state FAIR Plans reference (July 2024) and supporting search results. Kansas uses AAIS forms, not ISO -- unusual among FAIR Plans. ACV cap confirmed from Kan. Stat. Ann. 40-2142. Farm property explicitly excluded per search results citing plan documentation." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "Coverage cannot exceed 100% of actual cash value (ACV) or present market value, whichever is less, nor exceed any recent purchase price without evidence of increased value. A specific dollar cap per property was not publicly confirmed from primary sources; the ACV-peg creates a property-specific limit rather than a stated statewide maximum.", "value_json": { "dwelling_max_rule": "100% of ACV or market value, whichever is less", "stated_dollar_cap_usd": null, "currency": "USD", "settlement_basis": "actual cash value", "note": "No fixed statewide dollar cap found in public sources; pull Dwelling Manual from my.ksfairplan.com to confirm" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch40/040_021_0042.html", "source_name": "Kan. Stat. Ann. 40-2142", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "The ACV-peg rule is confirmed from Kan. Stat. Ann. 40-2142 and multiple search results. A specific per-property dollar maximum (analogous to IL's $750K or IN's $250K) was NOT found in publicly accessible sources. Kansas appears to set the limit at ACV on a case-by-case basis. Pull the Dwelling Manual (PDF at my.ksfairplan.com) before publishing." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "typical", "value_json": { "status": "typical" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ksfairplan.com/", "source_name": "Kansas All-Industry Placement Facility", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Kansas FAIR Plan policies are narrower than standard homeowners (fire-base only; optional wind/hail, optional liability, optional theft). Brokers can supplement with separate liability policy. No formal named DIC/wrap product found." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Must have been declined by at least 3 insurance companies before applying. Property is subject to inspection to determine eligibility. Farm property is excluded. Must be a 'responsible applicant' unable in good faith to procure coverage through the voluntary market. Kansas Insurance Commissioner approves all policy forms and rates (Kan. Stat. Ann. 40-2142).", "value_json": { "declinations_required": 3, "rule": "declined by at least 3 insurers; responsible applicant; unable in good faith to obtain voluntary coverage", "excluded_property_types": [ "farm property" ], "inspection_required": true, "regulatory_approval": "Commissioner approves all forms and rates within 60 days of filing" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ksfairplan.com/", "source_name": "Kansas FAIR Plan (eligibility / 3-declination rule) + Kan. Stat. Ann. 40-2142 (statutory good-faith standard)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-137 (2026-05-15): source attribution corrected — the 3-declination count is a Kansas FAIR Plan rule (ksfairplan.com), NOT in the statute (Kan. Stat. Ann. 40-2142 has no number in it). The statutory good-faith standard is in 40-2142. Property inspection requirement confirmed." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through any licensed Kansas insurance agent who sells property insurance. Agent submits application through online policy writing system at my.ksfairplan.com. Contact: (785) 271-2300 or (800) 777-1513 / customerservice@ksfairplan.com. Address: 2942A SW Wanamaker Dr., Suite 250, Topeka, KS 66614.", "value_json": { "channel": "any licensed KS property insurance agent", "agent_portal": "https://my.ksfairplan.com/", "phone": "785-271-2300 or 800-777-1513", "email": "customerservice@ksfairplan.com", "plan_url": "https://ksfairplan.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ksfairplan.com/", "source_name": "Kansas All-Industry Placement Facility", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Contact details and agent portal confirmed from ksfairplan.com. Any agent selling property insurance can submit (not restricted to a registered subset)." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market for narrower coverage; ACV settlement (no replacement cost) reduces effective coverage value compared to a standard homeowners policy. Kansas is high-risk for severe convective storms (tornadoes, hail) which drives voluntary market pricing up, potentially narrowing the gap between FAIR Plan and standard market premiums in some areas.", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, narrower coverage; ACV only; last resort" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ksfairplan.com/", "source_name": "Kansas All-Industry Placement Facility", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "General FAIR Plan characterization. No specific Kansas FAIR Plan vs. standard market premium comparison found in primary sources." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Approximately 11,507 habitational policies in force per III FY2024 reporting, one of the larger non-coastal FAIR Plans by policy count. Aggregate exposure figures are withheld pending primary-source confirmation from the Kansas FAIR Plan's own annual report. Kan. Stat. Ann. 40-2142 enacted 2017 (effective July 1, 2017), a relatively recent statutory basis. No specific rate filings or major structural changes found in public sources during this research.", "value_json": { "habitational_policies_fy2024_approx": 11507, "exposure_fy2024_status": "withheld pending primary-source confirmation from Kansas FAIR Plan annual report", "statute_enacted": 2017, "statute_effective": "2017-07-01", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Vicki Schmidt", "title": "Insurance Commissioner", "confirmed_date": "2023-01-09", "predecessor": "Ken Selzer (did not seek re-election in 2018; ran for KS GOP gubernatorial nomination)", "source_url": "https://insurance.ks.gov/documents/department/news-releases/Schmidt-second-term-1-23.pdf", "source_name": "Kansas Insurance Department - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 7, "label": "7" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 8, "label": "8" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Kansas billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/KS", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/insurance-provided-by-fair-plans-by-state-fiscal-year-2024-1", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute (FY2024)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Policy count from III FY2024 table. The III exposure figure for Kansas is flagged as an anomaly in the compilation notes and confirmed here. Fair Plan Alliance reports page (fairplanalliance.com/reports/kansas/) is password-protected -- contact Fair Plan Alliance directly for annual report." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Kansas requires at least 30 days written notice before cancellation of a fire or casualty policy (K.A.R. 40-3-15, a Kansas administrative regulation). For NON-renewal: Kansas requires at least 30 days' written notice before a homeowners policy non-renewal per the Kansas Insurance Department Home and Renters Shopper's Guide. No specific Kan. Stat. Ann. section governing a personal-lines homeowners nonrenewal-notice period is findable in the public Kansas statute database: K.S.A. § 40-2,121 (the nonrenewal-notice statute) is explicitly restricted to commercial business policies and sets a 60-day notice; K.S.A. § 40-2,112 (adverse-underwriting decisions) sets only decision and refund windows with no notice period. The closest cross-cutting provision is K.S.A. § 40-2,122, which requires written explanation for all cancellations and nonrenewals across all lines but contains no notice-days period. The 30-day rule appears to be administrative practice / KID guidance, not codified in a discoverable statute. Kansas does NOT have a standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium comparable to California's SB 824.", "value_json": { "statute": null, "closest_cross_cutting_provision": "K.S.A. § 40-2,122 (written explanation required for all cancellations and nonrenewals across all lines; no notice-days period)", "ruled_out": [ "K.S.A. § 40-2,121 (nonrenewal notice; commercial business only; 60 days, not 30)", "K.S.A. § 40-2,112 (adverse-underwriting decisions; 20-business-day decision + 10-day refund windows; no notice period)", "K.S.A. § 40-3122 (no public statute page exists at this section number)" ], "nonrenewal_notice_days_per_kid_guidance": 30, "post_disaster_moratorium": "none standing" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://insurance.ks.gov/documents/department/regulations-adopted/article-3/40-3-15.pdf", "source_name": "K.A.R. 40-3-15 (Kansas Administrative Regulations, cancellation notice); Kansas Insurance Department Home and Renters Shopper’s Guide (nonrenewal guidance, not codified)", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier-160 (2026-05-15): no specific K.S.A. section governing a 30-day personal-lines homeowners nonrenewal notice is findable from public Kansas statute sources. All three candidate sections were tracked down (40-2,121 commercial-only/60-day; 40-2,112 no notice period; 40-3122 doesn't exist). The 30-day figure remains attributed to KID's consumer Shopper's Guide; confidence lowered to low until a primary statute citation can be obtained (recommended: KID public-records inquiry or review of a standard Kansas HO form on file with KID). K.S.A. § 40-2,122 noted as the closest cross-cutting provision (written explanation across all lines; no notice-days period)." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "No major-carrier homeowners market exit confirmed for Kansas as of May 2026. Kansas has one of the highest severe convective storm risk profiles in the US (Tornado Alley), which drives standard market pricing up and may contribute to FAIR Plan utilization, but no named-carrier exit announcement verified.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": null, "action": "no confirmed major-carrier KS homeowners market exit as of May 2026", "date": "2020-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ksfairplan.com/", "source_name": "Kansas All-Industry Placement Facility", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No specific named-carrier withdrawal verified. Needs manual check of KID market reports." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://insurance.kansas.gov/consumers/home-and-renters", "value_json": { "url": "https://insurance.kansas.gov/consumers/home-and-renters", "regulator": "Kansas Insurance Department", "main_site": "https://insurance.kansas.gov/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.kansas.gov/consumers/home-and-renters", "source_name": "Kansas Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Kansas Insurance Department home and renters consumer page confirmed in search results (URL returned 403 on direct WebFetch but confirmed from KID search results)." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "Kan. Stat. Ann. 40-2142 (FAIR Plan; enacted 2017, effective July 1, 2017)", "value_json": { "citation": "Kan. Stat. Ann. 40-2142", "enacted": 2017, "effective": "2017-07-01" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch40/040_021_0042.html", "source_name": "Kansas Revisor of Statutes", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Statute confirmed from Kansas Revisor of Statutes website and multiple search results. Kansas FAIR Plan is relatively new by national standards." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "Kansas All-Industry Placement Facility is a not-for-profit insurance association formed by Kansas insurers. All admitted Kansas property insurers are members. Funded by premiums and member assessments; no public funds. Kansas uses AAIS policy forms rather than the more common ISO forms used by most other FAIR Plans. The FAIR Plan statute (40-2142) was enacted in 2017 -- among the most recently established FAIR Plans. One of the larger non-coastal FAIR Plans by policy count (~11,500 policies).", "value_json": { "funding": "premium + member-insurer assessments; no public funds", "form_type": "AAIS (American Association of Insurance Services) -- not ISO", "statute_year": 2017, "notable": "recently enacted FAIR Plan; uses AAIS not ISO forms; larger non-coastal plan by policy count" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ksfairplan.com/", "source_name": "Kansas All-Industry Placement Facility", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "AAIS form usage confirmed from PropertyCasualty360 reference. Statute enactment date confirmed from Kansas Revisor of Statutes." } ] }, { "code": "KY", "name": "Kentucky", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/kentucky-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://kyinsplans.org/fair/", "source_name": "Kentucky FAIR Plan Reinsurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Active since 1968. Statutory basis: Ky. Rev. Stat. ch. 304, Subtitle 304.35 (FAIR Plan and Reinsurance Association). Confirmed on PIPSO membership list, III FY2024 table (~4,102 policies), and plan's own website at kyinsplans.org/fair/. Note: the primary website is kyinsplans.org/fair/ (not kyfairplan.com -- that redirects to the online portal at kyfairplan.onaipso.com)." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Kentucky FAIR Plan Reinsurance Association", "value_json": { "name": "Kentucky FAIR Plan Reinsurance Association", "common_name": "Kentucky FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://kyinsplans.org/fair/", "source_name": "Kentucky FAIR Plan Reinsurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Official name per plan's own website. The 'Reinsurance' designation reflects the plan's mechanism: member insurers write policies and the association provides reinsurance backing. Site at kyinsplans.org also manages Kentucky Automobile Insurance Plan and Kentucky Assigned Claims Plan." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://kyinsplans.org/fair/", "value_json": { "url": "https://kyinsplans.org/fair/", "online_application_portal": "https://kyfairplan.onaipso.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://kyinsplans.org/fair/", "source_name": "Kentucky FAIR Plan Reinsurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "kyinsplans.org/fair/ confirmed as the primary web presence. Online application and payment portal at kyfairplan.onaipso.com. Contact: (502) 425-9998 / info@fairplanalliance.com." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Dwelling Fire DP 00 01 / DP 00 02: fire, lightning, windstorm/hail, explosion, smoke, vehicles, aircraft, vandalism and malicious mischief. Homeowners HO 00 02 Broad: broader named perils, personal liability ($100,000), medical payments ($1,000). Homeowners HO 00 06 (condo) and HO 00 08 (modified/basic). Renters HO 00 04. Commercial CP 00 99. Farm FP 00 12 / FP 00 14. All on actual cash value basis. Vacant dwellings written under DP-1 only. Does NOT include flood. Farm coverage excludes livestock and crops.", "value_json": { "policy_forms": [ "DP 00 01 (Basic)", "DP 00 02 (Broad)", "HO 00 02 (Broad)", "HO 00 06 (Condo)", "HO 00 08 (Modified/Basic)", "HO 00 04 (Renters)", "CP 00 99 (Commercial)", "FP 00 12/14 (Farm)" ], "base_perils": [ "fire", "lightning", "windstorm/hail", "explosion", "smoke", "vehicles", "aircraft", "vandalism and malicious mischief" ], "homeowners_ho2_additional": [ "personal liability ($100K)", "medical payments ($1K)" ], "exclusions": [ "flood", "livestock", "crops" ], "settlement_basis": "actual cash value", "vacant_dwellings": "DP-1 only" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://kyinsplans.org/fair/consumers/", "source_name": "Kentucky FAIR Plan Reinsurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Perils confirmed from Kentucky FAIR Plan consumers page and PropertyCasualty360 state FAIR Plans reference. Farm policy excludes livestock and crops. Policy forms from PropertyCasualty360." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "Dwelling Fire: maximum $200,000 (DP-1 minimum $1,000; DP-2 minimum $15,000). Homeowners (HO): maximum $200,000 (HO-8 minimum $25,000; HO-2 minimum $35,000). Farm dwellings: maximum $150,000 (within the $250,000 farm aggregate). Commercial Protection Classes 1-9: maximum $1,000,000. Commercial Protection Class 10: maximum $250,000. Farm: maximum $250,000.", "value_json": { "dwelling_max_usd": 200000, "dwelling_dp1_min_usd": 1000, "dwelling_dp2_min_usd": 15000, "homeowners_max_usd": 200000, "ho8_min_usd": 25000, "ho2_min_usd": 35000, "farm_dwelling_max_usd": 150000, "commercial_pc1_9_max_usd": 1000000, "commercial_pc10_max_usd": 250000, "farm_max_usd": 250000, "currency": "USD", "settlement_basis": "actual cash value" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://kyinsplans.org/fair/producers/", "source_name": "Kentucky FAIR Plan Reinsurance Association -- Producers", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Coverage limits confirmed from kyinsplans.org/fair/producers/ (the primary producer-facing page). Per data-verifier-Wave-21 (2026-05-16) P1-2: HO-8 minimum $25,000 and HO-2 minimum $35,000 added (were missing from prior compilation). source_url moved from fair-plan-information page to producers page (the producer page is the authoritative limits surface). Limits cross-checked against Dwelling Fire Manual (June 2022 / June 2026 revision)." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "typical", "value_json": { "status": "typical" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://kyinsplans.org/fair/consumers/", "source_name": "Kentucky FAIR Plan Reinsurance Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "HO-2 Broad Form includes personal liability and medical payments. No formal named DIC/wrap product found. Brokers can supplement with separate flood, umbrella, or additional coverage." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Property owners in Kentucky who have exhausted all coverage options available through the voluntary market and are unable to obtain coverage through the standard market. All applications must be submitted by a licensed producer. No specific numeric declination count is stated in publicly accessible Kentucky FAIR Plan materials -- eligibility is based on inability to obtain voluntary market coverage after reasonable effort. Property must meet plan underwriting standards.", "value_json": { "rule": "exhausted voluntary market options; unable to obtain standard market coverage", "channel": "must apply through a licensed KY producer", "declination_count": "not specified in public materials; based on inability after reasonable effort" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://kyinsplans.org/fair/consumers/", "source_name": "Kentucky FAIR Plan Reinsurance Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Eligibility language from FAIR Plan consumers page. Unlike Indiana (3 declinations explicitly) or Kansas (3 declinations explicitly), Kentucky public-facing materials do not state a numeric declination requirement -- this may be in the Articles of Association. Confirm before publishing." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through a licensed Kentucky insurance producer/agent. Applications must be submitted by a licensed producer -- applicants cannot apply directly. Online application system at kyfairplan.onaipso.com. Contact: (502) 425-9998 / info@fairplanalliance.com.", "value_json": { "channel": "licensed KY producer/agent (mandatory)", "portal_url": "https://kyfairplan.onaipso.com/", "phone": "502-425-9998", "email": "info@fairplanalliance.com", "plan_url": "https://kyinsplans.org/fair/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://kyinsplans.org/fair/fair-plan-information/", "source_name": "Kentucky FAIR Plan Reinsurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Producer-submission requirement confirmed. Producer commission is a flat 5% across all lines." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market for narrower coverage; ACV settlement means less effective coverage than a standard homeowners replacement-cost policy. Kentucky FAIR Plan had a combined ratio of 140.92% in 2025 (loss ratio 52.25% + LAE ratio 28.24%), indicating the plan is operating at an underwriting loss -- consistent with a residual market pricing structure.", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, narrower coverage; ACV only; combined ratio >100%", "combined_ratio_2025": 140.92, "loss_ratio_2025": 52.25, "lae_ratio_2025": 28.24 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://kyinsplans.org/fair/fair-plan-information/", "source_name": "Kentucky FAIR Plan Reinsurance Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Combined ratio and component ratios from FAIR Plan information page (2024 data). Combined ratio >100 confirms underwriting loss, typical for residual-market plans. Written premium was up just over 3% in 2024." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Policies in force: 3,189 as of January 2026 (down approximately 9.9% from 3,539 in January 2025). Policy mix: Dwelling Fire 85%, Homeowner 11%, Commercial 3%, Farm 1%. Claims in 2025: 159 (up from 132 in 2024). Loss ratio: 52.25%; combined ratio: 140.92% (year-end 2025). Member equity: $15.5 million (end 2024; not updated on plan site as of June 2026). Catastrophe excess of loss reinsurance: $5M excess of $1.5M (as of December 31, 2024; 2025-2026 renewal terms not confirmed from public sources). Plan Manuals (Dwelling Fire, Homeowners, Commercial Fire, and Farm Fire) all revised effective June 1, 2026. 2025 budget: $1,872,805 (not updated on plan site as of June 2026). III FY2024 habitational policy count approximately 4,102. Market context: Kentucky homeowners-insurance rates were up approximately 33% in 2026 (4th-highest increase nationally), following 11.3% in 2024. HB 256 (2024 Regular Session, signed by Gov. Beshear April 5, 2024; Acts Ch. 102) mandates a FORTIFIED Home premium discount on FAIR Plan and admitted-market policies and authorizes a $5M state grant program (Strengthen Kentucky Homes Program) for FORTIFIED roof retrofits; grants up to $10,000 per household; application portal opened March 2026; discount mandate took effect March 1, 2026. SB 153 (2026 Regular Session, signed April 8, 2026; Acts Ch. 54) created a post-disaster contractor registry and tightened contractor-fraud protections for homeowners after a declared disaster.", "value_json": { "policies_in_force_jan2026": 3189, "policies_in_force_jan2025": 3539, "policies_change_pct_vs_jan2025": -9.9, "policy_mix": { "dwelling_fire_pct": 85, "homeowner_pct": 11, "commercial_pct": 3, "farm_pct": 1 }, "claims_2025": 159, "claims_2024": 132, "loss_ratio_2025": 52.25, "combined_ratio_2025": 140.92, "member_equity_usd": 15500000, "member_equity_note": "end 2024; not updated on plan site as of June 2026", "reinsurance": "$5M xs $1.5M catastrophe XOL (as of Dec 31, 2024; 2025-2026 renewal terms not confirmed from public sources)", "habitational_policies_fy2024_approx": 4102, "manual_revisions": [ "Dwelling Fire Program Manual -- revised effective 2026-06-01", "Homeowners Program Manual -- revised effective 2026-06-01", "Commercial Fire and Farm Fire Manual -- revised effective 2026-06-01" ], "hb256_2024": "HB 256 (2024 RS, signed 2024-04-05, Acts Ch. 102): FORTIFIED Home discount mandate effective 2026-03-01; $5M Strengthen Kentucky Homes Program (up to $10,000/household); grant portal opened 2026-03", "sb153_2026": "SB 153 (2026 RS, signed 2026-04-08, Acts Ch. 54): post-disaster contractor registry + contractor-fraud protections", "rate_increase_pct_2024": 11.3, "rate_increase_pct_2026": 33, "rate_increase_2026_national_rank": 4, "budget_2025_usd": 1872805, "budget_note": "2025 figure; not updated on plan site as of June 2026", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Sharon P. Clark", "title": "Commissioner of Insurance", "confirmed_date": "2020-01-06", "predecessor": "Nancy G. Atkins (departed January 2020 with the Bevin administration; Clark reappointed by Gov. Andy Beshear, marking her second non-consecutive tenure)", "source_url": "https://insurance.ky.gov/ppc/new_default.aspx?divid=5", "source_name": "Kentucky Department of Insurance - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 7, "label": "7" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 7, "label": "7" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Kentucky billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/KY", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://kyinsplans.org/fair/fair-plan-information/", "source_name": "Kentucky FAIR Plan Reinsurance Association + apps.legislature.ky.gov (HB 256 / SB 153)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-21 (2026-05-16) P1: manual_revisions date corrected from 'January 2025' to 'effective 2026-06-01' (the actual current revision cycle). Added HB 256 (2024, signed 2024-04-05) FORTIFIED Home discount mandate (effective 2026-03-01) + $5M grant program (opened 2026-03), source apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/24rs/hb256.html. Added SB 153 (2026, signed 2026-04-08) post-disaster contractor registry, source apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/26rs/sb153.html. Added market-context rate metrics: 2024 +11.3%, 2026 +33% (4th nationally) per IID market report + secondary corroboration. needs_rescan: true (June 2026 manual revision may have updated sub-limits)." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Kentucky property-insurance non-renewal: KRS 304.20-320 (implemented by 806 KAR 20:010) requires at least 75 days' written notice of non-renewal of a property/casualty policy. KRS ch. 304, Subtitle 304.35 governs the FAIR Plan. No standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium in Kentucky.", "value_json": { "statute": "KRS 304.20-320 (declinations, cancellations, non-renewals); 806 KAR 20:010; KRS ch. 304 Subtitle 304.35 (FAIR Plan)", "nonrenewal_notice_days": 75, "post_disaster_moratorium": "none standing" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=29503", "source_name": "Kentucky Revised Statutes 304.20-320 (declinations, cancellations, non-renewals)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-115 (2026-05-15): non-renewal notice day-count filled — KRS 304.20-320 requires 75 days, implemented by 806 KAR 20:010. Confidence raised from low to medium after statute confirmation. Source updated from the generic DOI homepage to the direct KRS statute URL." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "No major-carrier homeowners market exit confirmed for Kentucky as of May 2026. Kentucky faces significant flood risk (Eastern Kentucky flooding 2022 was severe) and tornado/severe storm exposure, but the FAIR Plan does not cover flood. No named-carrier exit announcement verified.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": null, "action": "no confirmed major-carrier KY homeowners market exit as of May 2026", "date": "2020-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://kyinsplans.org/fair/", "source_name": "Kentucky FAIR Plan Reinsurance Association", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No specific named-carrier withdrawal verified. Kentucky's insurance challenges center on flood (NFIP-covered, not FAIR Plan) and severe convective storm risk." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://insurance.ky.gov/", "value_json": { "url": "https://insurance.ky.gov/", "regulator": "Kentucky Department of Insurance" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.ky.gov/", "source_name": "Kentucky Department of Insurance", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Main KY DOI site. Verify exact deep link to homeowners/FAIR Plan consumer pages before publishing." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "Ky. Rev. Stat. ch. 304, Subtitle 304.35 (FAIR Plan and Reinsurance Association)", "value_json": { "citation": "KRS ch. 304, Subtitle 304.35", "legislature_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=29902" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=29902", "source_name": "KRS Ch. 304, Subtitle 35 (Kentucky Legislature)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Statutory citation KRS Ch. 304 Subtitle 304.35 (FAIR Plan and Reinsurance Association). Per data-verifier-Wave-21 (2026-05-16): source_url migrated from Justia mirror to apps.legislature.ky.gov per L13g-CRIT/L19; value_json key renamed justia_url -> legislature_url." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "Kentucky FAIR Plan Reinsurance Association is administered by Fair Plan Alliance alongside the Kentucky Automobile Insurance Plan and Kentucky Assigned Claims Plan (all at kyinsplans.org). Funded by premiums and member-insurer assessments; all admitted KY P&C insurers are members. Member equity: $15.5M (end 2024). Plan maintains catastrophe XOL reinsurance ($5M xs $1.5M). Producer commission: flat 5%. Annual Governing Committee meetings. Primary use: Dwelling Fire (85% of portfolio) for older or high-risk properties.", "value_json": { "funding": "premium + member-insurer assessments; no public funds", "admin": "Fair Plan Alliance (same entity manages KY auto plan + assigned claims plan)", "member_equity_usd": 15500000, "producer_commission_pct": 5, "reinsurance": "catastrophe XOL $5M xs $1.5M", "portfolio_primary_use": "Dwelling Fire 85%" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://kyinsplans.org/fair/", "source_name": "Kentucky FAIR Plan Reinsurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Administrative co-location and financial details from Fair Plan information page and annual meeting documents." } ] }, { "code": "LA", "name": "Louisiana", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/louisiana-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "state-created residual-market insurer (FAIR Plan + Coastal Plan)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.lacitizens.com/", "source_name": "Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corporation", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Louisiana's insurer of last resort is the Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corporation, created by the Louisiana Legislature in 2003 (effective 2004), which merged the former Louisiana FAIR Plan and Coastal Plan. It still operates two programs: the FAIR Plan (for property above the Intracoastal Waterway) and the Coastal Plan (for property between the Gulf of Mexico and the Intracoastal Waterway). Statutory basis: La. R.S. 22:2291 et seq. (22:2293 creation; 22:2295 the FAIR and Coastal Plans 're-created and continued'). Often informally called the 'Louisiana Citizens FAIR Plan.' NOTE: lacitizens.com returned a TLS/certificate verification error on direct fetch in May 2026 (same as at original compilation), facts corroborated via the Louisiana Department of Insurance (LDI), the LA Citizens Plan of Operation PDF accessed via proxy, the III table, and reputable Louisiana news/agency sources." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corporation", "value_json": { "name": "Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corporation", "aka": [ "LA Citizens", "Louisiana Citizens FAIR Plan", "Coastal Plan", "FAIR Plan" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.lacitizens.com/", "source_name": "Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corporation", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Name and the FAIR Plan / Coastal Plan structure confirmed from LDI, La. R.S. 22:2293/22:2295, and the LA Citizens Plan of Operation." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.lacitizens.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.lacitizens.com/", "policyholder": "https://www.lacitizens.com/policy-holder", "plan_of_operation": "https://www.lacitizens.com/docs/default-source/default-document-library/lcpic-plan-of-operation.pdf", "depopulation": "https://www.lacitizens.com/depopulation", "tls_note": "lacitizens.com presents a certificate-chain error to some automated fetchers (May 2026), reachable in a normal browser" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.lacitizens.com/", "source_name": "Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corporation", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "lacitizens.com is the official site (confirmed via LDI links and search), but it returned an 'unable to verify the first certificate' error on direct WebFetch in May 2026, content was accessed via a fetch proxy and corroborated by LDI. Re-verify the cert when reachable." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Offers a homeowners policy (HO-3 type), a dwelling fire policy (DP forms, for rental/investment property), and commercial property policies. Covers fire, lightning, windstorm and hail (including hurricane, with a separate percentage hurricane deductible applied to the Coverage A limit), and other standard property perils per the policy form; the homeowners policy settles personal property at actual cash value (depreciated) unless replacement-cost coverage is added. The homeowners policy's Coverage D (Additional Living Expenses) is 10% of Coverage A, limited to 24 months; maximum Coverage E (Personal Liability) is $300,000 and maximum Coverage F (Medical Payments to Others) is $2,000. Does NOT include flood, flood must be obtained separately via the NFIP or a private flood policy. A flat-dollar all-peril deductible applies to non-hurricane losses; a percentage hurricane deductible applies to hurricane losses.", "value_json": { "policy_types": [ "homeowners (HO-3 type)", "dwelling fire (DP forms, rental/investment)", "commercial property" ], "perils": [ "fire", "lightning", "windstorm/hail incl. hurricane" ], "ho_personal_property_basis": "actual cash value unless replacement-cost endorsement added", "ho_coverage_d_ale": "10% of Coverage A, max 24 months", "ho_coverage_e_personal_liability_max_usd": 300000, "ho_coverage_f_med_pay_max_usd": 2000, "deductibles": { "all_peril": "flat dollar", "hurricane": "percentage of Coverage A" }, "exclusions": [ "flood (separate NFIP/private policy)" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.lacitizens.com/policy-holder/understand-your-policy/homeowner-policy", "source_name": "Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corporation", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Policy types, the hurricane-deductible-on-Coverage-A structure, ACV personal-property basis, Coverage D = 10%/24 months, and the $300K Coverage E / $2,000 Coverage F maxima confirmed from lacitizens.com policy pages (accessed via search/proxy) and the LA Citizens claims FAQ. Verify exact policy-form versions directly when lacitizens.com's certificate is fixed." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "Not published publicly. LA Citizens' per-property limits of liability are set in its Manual of Rules and Procedures (Underwriting Guidelines) adopted by the Governing Board under Section 6 of the Plan of Operation, that manual is not posted on the public site. From documented data points: the residential homeowners policy can carry personal-property (Coverage C) up to $1,000,000 with $500,000 in contents coverage (per 2021 board action), and Coverage E (liability) max $300,000; commercial limits were raised in November 2021 to $10,000,000 per building / $3,200,000 contents / $20,000,000 aggregate per insured (those increases were scheduled to sunset and be re-evaluated in two years). A specific maximum Coverage A (dwelling) dollar cap for residential property was NOT found in any publicly accessible LA Citizens or LDI source during this pass, do not invent one.", "value_json": { "residential_coverage_a_max_usd": null, "residential_coverage_a_note": "set in the non-public Manual of Rules and Procedures (Underwriting Guidelines); not published on lacitizens.com or LDI", "residential_personal_property_coverage_c_max_usd": 1000000, "residential_contents_coverage_usd": 500000, "residential_coverage_e_liability_max_usd": 300000, "commercial_per_building_max_usd": 10000000, "commercial_contents_max_usd": 3200000, "commercial_aggregate_per_insured_max_usd": 20000000, "commercial_limits_note": "raised Nov 2021; scheduled to sunset/re-evaluate after 2 years", "currency": "USD" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.lacitizens.com/docs/default-source/default-document-library/lcpic-plan-of-operation.pdf", "source_name": "Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corporation: Plan of Operation / Insurance Journal (Nov 2021)", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "The LA Citizens Plan of Operation (accessed via proxy May 2026) explicitly states limits of liability are governed by 'the Manual of Rules and Procedures (Underwriting Guidelines) adopted by the FAIR and Coastal Plans as approved by the Governing Board', i.e., the dwelling cap is in an agent-gated manual, not the public site. The residential personal-property / contents figures ($1M / $500K) and the Nov 2021 commercial-limit increase ($10M building / $3.2M contents / $20M aggregate) are from a 2021 board action reported by Insurance Journal. A residential Coverage A dollar cap could not be confirmed from a primary public source; per the brief, no number is invented. To pin it down: obtain the current LA Citizens Manual of Rules and Procedures (Underwriting Guidelines) or ask LDI. Previously null/unverified; this row now documents WHY it's unverified rather than leaving it blank." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "no (flood is the standard supplemental purchase, not a DIC wrap)", "value_json": { "status": "no", "standard_supplement": "flood (NFIP/private)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.lacitizens.com/claims-center/frequently-asked-questions", "source_name": "Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corporation", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "LA Citizens writes full homeowners forms (not fire-only), so a California-style DIC wrap is not the pattern. The essential companion purchase is flood insurance (NFIP or private)." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Insurer of last resort: available only to property owners who cannot obtain coverage in the voluntary (private) market. In practice the agent must document at least one declination from a private carrier (no fixed multi-declination statutory test). The statutory pricing rule (La. R.S. 22:2303) historically required LA Citizens' rates to be set at least 10% above the highest rate charged by any admitted private insurer in that parish, an intentional disincentive to keep it a true last resort. That 10% surcharge floor is currently SUSPENDED for three years (January 1, 2025 through December 31, 2027) by Act 757 of the 2024 Regular Session (SB 113, Talbot), and Louisiana Citizens rates were CUT effective January 1, 2025 (-5.5% FAIR Plan, -4.4% Coastal Plan). The 10% statutory floor is scheduled to resume January 1, 2028 unless the legislature acts again. A LA Citizens policyholder who receives a depopulation/take-out offer from a private carrier is generally required to accept it unless the offered premium exceeds the Citizens premium (the policyholder may opt out / decline an offer that isn't comparable, under the assumption-process rules).", "value_json": { "rule": "unable to obtain coverage in the voluntary market; agent documents >=1 private declination", "declinations_required": 1, "pricing_rule": "Citizens rate must be >=10% above the highest admitted-carrier rate in the parish (La. R.S. 22:2303) -- SUSPENDED 2025-01-01 through 2027-12-31 by Act 757 of 2024 Regular Session (SB 113)", "pricing_rule_suspended_through": "2027-12-31", "pricing_rule_suspension_authority": "La. Act 757 (SB 113, 2024 Regular Session)", "rate_change_2025_fair_plan_pct": -5.5, "rate_change_2025_coastal_plan_pct": -4.4, "depopulation": "take-out offers generally must be accepted unless the offered premium exceeds the Citizens premium; opt-out allowed for non-comparable offers" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.legis.la.gov/", "source_name": "La. R.S. 22:2303 (Louisiana State Legislature) as amended by Act 757 (2024 RS) / LDI", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-20 (2026-05-16): CRITICAL YMYL fix. Prior phrasing described the 10%-above-private pricing rule as currently binding; in fact Act 757 of the 2024 Regular Session (SB 113, Talbot) added La. R.S. 22:2303(D)(6) suspending the 10% surcharge floor for three years (2025-01-01 to 2027-12-31), and Louisiana Citizens rates DECREASED effective January 1, 2025 (-5.5% FAIR Plan, -4.4% Coastal Plan). Source moved from gulfbank.com consumer blog (L13g-CRIT and 403) to legis.la.gov per L13g-CRIT. The 10% floor resumes January 1, 2028 unless the legislature extends; needs_rescan: true. The one-declination practical gate and depopulation opt-out-for-non-comparable-offers mechanics still verify against agency guides / LDI." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through a licensed Louisiana insurance agent/producer authorized to submit LA Citizens business. LA Citizens does not sell directly to consumers. Policyholder resources are at lacitizens.com/policy-holder.", "value_json": { "channel": "licensed Louisiana agent/producer only (no direct-to-consumer)", "info_url": "https://www.lacitizens.com/policy-holder" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.lacitizens.com/policy-holder", "source_name": "Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corporation", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Agent-only channel confirmed from lacitizens.com / LDI." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Historically more expensive than the private market by design: La. R.S. 22:2303 requires LA Citizens' rates to be set at least 10% above the highest rate charged by any admitted private insurer in the parish, an intentional last-resort disincentive. LA Citizens imposed a roughly 63% statewide rate increase effective January 1, 2023. The picture has shifted since: Act 757 of the 2024 Regular Session (SB 113, Talbot) added La. R.S. 22:2303(D)(6) suspending the 10% statutory surcharge floor for three years (January 1, 2025 through December 31, 2027), and LA Citizens base rates DECREASED effective January 1, 2025 (-5.5% FAIR Plan, -4.4% Coastal Plan). A further personal lines rate change took effect January 1, 2026 (announced October 17, 2025); the specific percentage for that filing is not publicly available from open sources. The 10% statutory surcharge floor is scheduled to resume January 1, 2028 unless the legislature acts again. Coverage scope is broadly comparable to a standard homeowners policy but with a large percentage hurricane deductible applied to the Coverage A limit.", "value_json": { "positioning": "statutorily >=10% above the highest private-market parish rate (La. R.S. 22:2303), SUSPENDED 2025-01-01 to 2027-12-31 by Act 757 (SB 113, 2024 RS); large percentage hurricane deductible", "rate_increase_2023_pct": 63, "rate_change_2025_fair_plan_pct": -5.5, "rate_change_2025_coastal_plan_pct": -4.4, "rate_change_2026_effective_date": "2026-01-01", "rate_change_2026_pct": null, "rate_change_2026_note": "personal lines rate change effective 2026-01-01; specific percentage not publicly available (announced 2025-10-17 by LA Citizens)", "pricing_surcharge_suspended_through": "2027-12-31", "pricing_surcharge_suspension_authority": "Act 757 (SB 113, 2024 Regular Session)" }, "unit": "%", "source_url": "https://www.lacitizens.com/default/news-page/2025/10/17/01-01-2026-personal-lines-rate-change", "source_name": "Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corporation (Oct 2025 rate change announcement) / Louisiana Department of Insurance / Louisiana State Legislature (Act 757, 2024 RS)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-20 (2026-05-16): CRITICAL YMYL fix paired with eligibility_rule. The 10%-above-private statutory minimum was SUSPENDED by Act 757 of the 2024 Regular Session (Jan 1, 2025 through Dec 31, 2027); Citizens rates were CUT effective Jan 1, 2025 (-5.5% FAIR Plan / -4.4% Coastal Plan per LDI news release 2026-02-23 and Louisiana Radio Network). Prior phrasing presenting only the historical 63% peak (2023) without the 2025 reversal was materially misleading for any 2026 reader. needs_rescan: true (the surcharge will resume Jan 1, 2028 unless the legislature acts again)." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "LA Citizens enrollment surged after the 2020-2021 hurricane wave (Laura, Delta, Zeta, Ida) and the resulting insolvency of roughly a dozen carriers, peaking at approximately 140,000 policies in summer 2023. As of November 2025, the policy count stood at approximately 105,000 (down from the summer 2023 peak but still more than three times the pre-Ida baseline of roughly 35,000). Depopulation has been slower than anticipated: since the 2023 peak, policies have fallen only about 18,000 (roughly 13%). Round 23 depopulation had an assumption date of April 1, 2026 but encountered a complication: Cimarron Insurance withdrew before the LA Citizens board certified the round, preventing the transfer of approximately 9,000 policies. The private market has recovered partially following the 2023 reforms and the Insure Louisiana Incentive Program (~$75M+ in grants across three legislative cycles 2023-2025). A personal lines rate change filed by LA Citizens took effect January 1, 2026 (specific percentage not publicly available). In November 2024 the LA Citizens board approved an 'Earned Premium Endorsement' (effective 2025, approved by LDI), a structural change to how earned premium and mid-term cancellations are handled. Two distinct surcharge changes landed in 2025: (a) the statewide 1.36% emergency assessment on most Louisiana property/casualty policyholders, dating to Hurricane Katrina/Rita, ENDED April 1, 2025 (announced January 10, 2025); (b) separately, the 10% Citizens-specific premium surcharge on Citizens policyholders themselves was SUSPENDED for three years (January 1, 2025 through December 31, 2027) by Act 757 of the 2024 Regular Session (SB 113, Talbot); Citizens base rates also DECREASED January 1, 2025 (-5.5% FAIR Plan, -4.4% Coastal Plan). Commercial limits raised in November 2021 ($10M/building, $3.2M contents, $20M aggregate per insured) were on a temporary 2-year basis and are now approximately 4.5 years past their stated sunset; current status unknown and requires manual research.", "value_json": { "policy_count_nov_2025_approx": 105000, "policy_count_nov_2025_source": "NOLA.com, 2025-11-30", "peak_policies_2023_approx": 140000, "peak_period": "summer 2023", "pre_ida_baseline_approx": 35000, "depopulation_round_23_assumption_date": "2026-04-01", "depopulation_round_23_complication": "Cimarron Insurance withdrew before board certification; approximately 9,000 policies not transferred", "earned_premium_endorsement_approved": "2024-11", "statewide_emergency_assessment_pct": 1.36, "statewide_emergency_assessment_end_announced": "2025-01-10", "statewide_emergency_assessment_ended_effective": "2025-04-01", "citizens_premium_surcharge_pct": 10, "citizens_premium_surcharge_suspended_start": "2025-01-01", "citizens_premium_surcharge_suspended_end": "2027-12-31", "citizens_premium_surcharge_suspension_authority": "Act 757 (SB 113, 2024 Regular Session)", "rate_change_2023_pct": 63, "rate_change_2025_fair_plan_pct": -5.5, "rate_change_2025_coastal_plan_pct": -4.4, "rate_change_2026_effective_date": "2026-01-01", "rate_change_2026_pct": null, "rate_change_2026_note": "personal lines rate change effective 2026-01-01; specific percentage not publicly available", "incentive_program": "Insure Louisiana Incentive Program (~$75M+ across 2023-2025 appropriations)", "commercial_limit_increase": "2021-11 ($10M/building, $3.2M contents, $20M aggregate) -- temporary 2-year basis; approximately 4.5 years past sunset; needs manual rescan", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Tim Temple", "title": "Commissioner of Insurance", "confirmed_date": "2024-01-08", "predecessor": "Jim Donelon (retired; did not seek re-election in 2023; served 2006-2024)", "source_url": "https://www.ldi.la.gov/about-timtemple", "source_name": "Louisiana Department of Insurance - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 9, "label": "9" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 10, "label": "10" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Louisiana billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/LA", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nola.com/louisiana-homeowners-remain-stuck-on-safety-net-insurer/article_2f0a906c-b850-4b77-9a43-1a4548d7c89e.html", "source_name": "NOLA.com (2025-11-30) / Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corporation / Louisiana Department of Insurance / Insurance Journal", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-20 (2026-05-16): separated two previously-conflated surcharge changes — the statewide 1.36% emergency assessment (all LA P&C, ended April 1, 2025) and the 10% Citizens-specific premium surcharge (suspended Jan 1, 2025 to Dec 31, 2027 by Act 757 SB 113, 2024 RS, Talbot). Added the Jan 1, 2025 base-rate cuts (-5.5% FAIR Plan / -4.4% Coastal Plan, LDI news release 2026-02-23). Insure Louisiana Incentive Program total uplifted from '~$45M+' to '~$75M+ across 2023-2025 appropriations' for precision. Round 23 framed as 'assumption date April 1, 2026' (round completed). Commercial-limit Nov 2021 figures flagged as 2.5 years past stated sunset; needs_rescan: true. Earlier provenance preserved: peak policy count 140,000 (summer 2023) corrected 2026-05-13 per data-verifier-16g; III FY2024 shows 151,075 habitational + 10,572 commercial (~161,647 total) at a different fiscal-year endpoint, not the summer-2023 peak; Earned Premium Endorsement Nov 2024 from board actions/WDSU; Nov 2021 commercial-limit increase from Insurance Journal." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "NOTICE PERIOD: Louisiana HB 345 (Act 182, 2025 Regular Session), effective July 1, 2026, extends the written notice period for cancellations and non-renewals from 30 days to 60 days for most property and casualty policies including homeowners (La. R.S. 22:887, 22:1266, 22:1267, 22:1335); nonpayment of premium still triggers only 10 days notice, and the insurer must state the reason for non-renewal. THREE-YEAR RULE: Louisiana's '3-year rule' (La. R.S. 22:1265) was materially WEAKENED by HB 611 (Act of 2024 Regular Session), effective August 1, 2024. For policies ISSUED AFTER August 1, 2024, the 3-year rule does NOT apply at all (new Subsection K), insurers can non-renew at the standard notice period regardless of tenure. For policies that were already 3+ years in force on or before August 1, 2024, insurers may non-renew up to 5% of customers per calendar year by filing a plan with the commissioner (new Subsection L; more than 5% allowed with commissioner approval). The pre-existing protected-ground exceptions (non-payment, fraud, material misrepresentation, material change in risk, two-plus claims within a continuous three-year period within the five preceding years) still apply to grandfathered policies. The Louisiana Insurance Commissioner can separately impose a temporary moratorium on cancellations and non-renewals in an area declared a disaster (a discretionary power used after major hurricanes, not automatic). State Farm and others have non-renewed or restricted manufactured/mobile-home and some higher-risk coastal policies (2024-2025).", "value_json": { "statute": "La. R.S. 22:1265 (amended by HB 611, Act of 2024 Regular Session, effective 2024-08-01)", "policies_issued_after_2024_08_01": "3-year rule DOES NOT APPLY (Subsection K), standard notice rules apply regardless of tenure", "policies_3yrs_in_force_pre_2024_08_01": "5% per calendar year non-renewal cap; insurer files plan with commissioner; more than 5% requires commissioner approval (Subsection L)", "three_year_rule_protected_grounds_grandfathered_policies": "non-payment, fraud or material misrepresentation, material change in risk, two-plus claims in a continuous 3-year period within preceding 5 years", "post_disaster_moratorium": "Commissioner may impose in declared-disaster areas (discretionary, not automatic)", "notice_days_cancellation_nonrenewal": 60, "notice_days_effective_date": "2026-07-01", "notice_days_prior": 30, "notice_nonpayment_days": 10, "notice_statutes": [ "22:887", "22:1266", "22:1267", "22:1335" ], "notice_amending_bill": "HB 345 / Act 182 (2025 Regular Session)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=508138", "source_name": "La. R.S. 22:887 (as amended by HB 345 / Act 182, 2025 Reg. Session, eff. 2026-07-01) + La. R.S. 22:1265 (post HB 611 / 2024 Reg. Session), Louisiana Legislature", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier-126 (2026-05-15): MATERIAL change. HB 611 (effective 2024-08-01) added Subsections K (new policies exempt from 3-year rule) and L (5%/yr cap for grandfathered policies). Prior phrasing described the 3-year rule as universal homeowner protection — wrong for any policy written after August 2024, which is the majority of new business. Critical YMYL consumer-facing change. Source updated from dead FindLaw URL to direct legis.la.gov statute. Confidence upgraded medium → high." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Louisiana lost roughly a dozen property insurers to insolvency in 2021-2023 following Hurricanes Laura, Delta, Zeta and Ida, including: Lighthouse Property Insurance Corp and Lighthouse Excalibur (liquidated 2022), Access Home Insurance Co (2021), Americas Insurance Co (ceased writing 2022), State National Fire Insurance Co (insolvent), Maison Insurance Co (ceased writing 2022), Southern Fidelity Insurance Co (2022), Weston Property & Casualty (2022), Gulfstream Property & Casualty (2021), and others. United Property & Casualty (UPC) stopped writing new Louisiana policies and exited (Jan 2023), affecting roughly 37,000 LA policyholders. State Farm stopped offering new manufactured/mobile-home coverage in Louisiana and tightened higher-risk coastal underwriting (2024); it filed a Louisiana homeowners rate increase in late 2025. The market has since stabilized somewhat, several new carriers entered via the Insure Louisiana Incentive Program (2023-2024). Frame this as a 2021-2023 crisis now partially recovered.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "Lighthouse Property Insurance Corp / Lighthouse Excalibur", "action": "liquidated", "date": "2022" }, { "carrier": "Access Home Insurance Co", "action": "insolvent / liquidated", "date": "2021" }, { "carrier": "Americas Insurance Co", "action": "ceased writing in LA", "date": "2022" }, { "carrier": "Maison Insurance Co", "action": "ceased writing in LA", "date": "2022" }, { "carrier": "Southern Fidelity Insurance Co", "action": "insolvent / liquidated", "date": "2022" }, { "carrier": "Weston Property & Casualty", "action": "insolvent / liquidated", "date": "2022" }, { "carrier": "Gulfstream Property & Casualty", "action": "insolvent / liquidated", "date": "2021" }, { "carrier": "United Property & Casualty (UPC)", "action": "stopped new LA policies / exited (~37,000 policyholders)", "date": "2023-01" }, { "carrier": "State Farm", "action": "stopped new LA manufactured/mobile-home coverage; tightened coastal underwriting; filed LA homeowners rate increase", "date": "2024-2025" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nola.com/news/business/here-are-the-louisiana-insurers-that-have-gone-broke-or-left-the-state-amid-deepening/article_c7f077b4-3e98-11ed-86c9-f7f11037202f.html", "source_name": "NOLA.com / Louisiana Insurance Guaranty Association (laiga.org) / Insurance Journal", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Insolvency list from NOLA.com and LIGA; UPC exit confirmed by NOLA.com; State Farm 2024-2025 actions from KATC/Insurance Journal." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://www.ldi.la.gov/consumers", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.ldi.la.gov/consumers", "homeowners_page": "https://www.ldi.la.gov/consumers/insurance-type/homeowners", "regulator": "Louisiana Department of Insurance" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ldi.la.gov/", "source_name": "Louisiana Department of Insurance", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "LDI consumer hub; the homeowners deep link is ldi.la.gov/consumers/insurance-type/homeowners (confirmed in search). Verify before publishing." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "La. R.S. Title 22, Chapter 12 (Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corporation), La. R.S. 22:2291 et seq.; § 22:2291 declaration and purpose; § 22:2293 creation of the Corporation; § 22:2295 the Coastal Plan and FAIR Plan re-created and continued; § 22:2303 rates (incl. the requirement that Citizens' rate be at least 10% above the highest admitted-carrier rate in the parish). (Non-renewal: the '3-year rule' is La. R.S. 22:1265.)", "value_json": { "citation": "La. R.S. 22:2291 et seq. (Title 22, Ch. 12), esp. 22:2293 (creation), 22:2295 (Coastal/FAIR Plans), 22:2303 (rates / 10%-above-private)", "created": "2003 (effective 2004); merged the former FAIR Plan and Coastal Plan", "nonrenewal_statute": "La. R.S. 22:1265 (3-year rule)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=88441", "source_name": "La. R.S. 22:2291 et seq. (Louisiana State Legislature, Title 22, Chapter 12)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-20 (2026-05-16): source_url migrated from Justia mirror (L13g-CRIT violation + 403 in verification) to legis.la.gov primary. Statutory basis confirmed from the Louisiana State Legislature (La. R.S. 22:2291/22:2293/22:2295) and the LA Citizens Plan of Operation, which cites La. R.S. 22:2303 for rates. La. R.S. 22:2303 was amended by Act 757 of the 2024 Regular Session (SB 113, Talbot) suspending the 10% surcharge floor 2025-01-01 through 2027-12-31; see eligibility_rule and premium_positioning for the consumer-facing change." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "LA Citizens is funded by premiums plus, after a major-hurricane deficit, 'regular assessments' on member insurers and 'emergency assessments' that are passed through as a surcharge on most Louisiana property/casualty policyholders statewide, the Katrina/Rita-era version of that surcharge ran roughly 20 years and ended April 1, 2025. LA Citizens buys substantial reinsurance and issued bonds to cover the Katrina/Rita deficits. The structural backdrop: the 2023 Louisiana reforms + the Insure Louisiana Incentive Program (state grants to bring new carriers in), and 2024 changes under Commissioner Tim Temple (some deregulation of rate filings, mitigation incentives). The Louisiana Fortify Homes Program offers grants for FORTIFIED roof retrofits. Per-property limits of liability are in LA Citizens' Manual of Rules and Procedures (Underwriting Guidelines), which is not posted publicly, that is why no residential Coverage A dollar cap is stated in this dataset.", "value_json": { "funding": "premium + regular assessments on members + emergency assessments (statewide policyholder surcharge)", "katrina_surcharge_ended": "2025-04-01", "reform_backdrop": [ "2023 reforms", "Insure Louisiana Incentive Program", "2024 deregulation under Comm. Temple" ], "mitigation_program": "Louisiana Fortify Homes Program (FORTIFIED roof grants up to $10,000)", "fortify_homes_statute": "La. R.S. 22:1483.1 (Act 554 of 2022, effective 2023-01-01); program expanded by Act 410 of 2023 ($30M appropriation), Act 32 of 2025 (income-tax exemption for grants), Act 404 of 2025 (FORTIFIED Roof Tax Credit up to $10,000)", "fortify_homes_url": "https://ldi.la.gov/fortifyhomes", "limits_source": "Manual of Rules and Procedures (Underwriting Guidelines), not public" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ldi.la.gov/fortifyhomes", "source_name": "Louisiana Department of Insurance -- Louisiana Fortify Homes Program / LA Citizens", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-20 (2026-05-16): added Fortify Homes statutory citation (La. R.S. 22:1483.1, Act 554 of 2022, effective 2023-01-01) plus the 2023/2025 expansion acts; source_url moved from generic ldi.la.gov homepage to the program-specific landing page. Assessment mechanism well-documented (LDI / LA Citizens news releases); exact bond/reinsurance figures change, needs manual check for current numbers. The Manual-of-Rules note explains why the dwelling cap is unverified." } ] }, { "code": "MA", "name": "Massachusetts", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/massachusetts-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mpiua.com/", "source_name": "Massachusetts Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Massachusetts's FAIR Plan is the Massachusetts Property Insurance Underwriting Association (MPIUA)." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Massachusetts Property Insurance Underwriting Association (MPIUA), the Massachusetts FAIR Plan", "value_json": { "name": "Massachusetts Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "aka": "Massachusetts FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mpiua.com/about-us/", "source_name": "Massachusetts Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": null }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.mpiua.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.mpiua.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mpiua.com/", "source_name": "Massachusetts Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Phone: 877-221-1782." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Offers Homeowners (HO-2 / HO-3), Dwelling Fire (DP-2 / DP-3), condo, renters, and Commercial Property policies. The HO-3 form is open-perils on the dwelling (all risks except those specifically excluded, e.g. flood, earthquake) and named-perils on contents, i.e. broader than most FAIR Plans, closer to a standard homeowners policy. Includes fire, lightning, windstorm/hail, explosion, etc. Does NOT cover flood, and as of 2025, new MPIUA policies on properties in Special Flood Hazard Areas in communities under the MA Office of Coastal Zone Management must carry a separate flood policy. Liability is generally available on the homeowners forms.", "value_json": { "policy_types": [ "Homeowners HO-2/HO-3", "Dwelling Fire DP-2/DP-3", "condo", "renters", "Commercial Property" ], "ho3_basis": "open-perils dwelling / named-perils contents", "perils": [ "fire", "lightning", "windstorm/hail", "explosion", "etc." ], "exclusions": [ "flood (separate policy; mandatory in coastal SFHA communities as of 2025)", "earthquake" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-property-insurance-underwriting-association", "source_name": "Massachusetts Division of Insurance / MPIUA", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "HO-3 open-perils basis and the 2025 coastal-SFHA flood requirement confirmed by multiple sources (Mass.gov, MPIUA producer letter March 2025, agency guides)." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "$1,000,000 (Coverage A / dwelling), but with a 2025 'workaround': if 90% of a home's estimated replacement cost exceeds $1,000,000, the owner must either buy a separate excess (E&S) policy above the $1M MPIUA layer (MPIUA stays the primary 'first layer') or add the HO 04 56 Special Loss Settlement Endorsement. New business effective on/after Feb 1, 2025 must insure Coverage A to at least 90% of estimated reconstruction cost (up from 80%).", "value_json": { "amount": 1000000, "currency": "USD", "excess_workaround": "MPIUA primary first layer + separate E&S excess above $1M, or HO 04 56 endorsement", "min_coverage_a_pct_of_rc": 90, "min_coverage_a_pct_prior": 80, "rule_effective": "2025-02-01" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.mpiua.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Homeowners-Primary-Insurance-Coverage-Letter-to-Producers-Final-rev.pdf", "source_name": "Massachusetts Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "$1M cap + excess-layer workaround + 90% reconstruction-cost rule from MPIUA's March 2025 producer letter (mpiua.com). The workaround was modeled on the NC Beach Plan structure per MPIUA general counsel." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "yes (E&S excess layer above the $1M MPIUA primary; or HO 04 56 endorsement)", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "mechanism": "E&S excess policy stacked above MPIUA's $1M primary layer (introduced 2025)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mpiua.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Homeowners-Primary-Insurance-Coverage-Letter-to-Producers-Final-rev.pdf", "source_name": "Massachusetts Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Unlike a California-style DIC (which fills coverage gaps), MA's structure is a true excess layer for value above $1M, MPIUA explicitly amended its 'Other Insurance' clause to be the first layer. Introduced 2025." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Available to applicants who have been unable to obtain insurance through the voluntary market. Commonly stated requirement: denied coverage by at least two private (admitted) insurers. Property must meet inspection/underwriting standards (MPIUA can require an inspection). For homes valued at/above $1M, the excess-layer or endorsement requirement above applies.", "value_json": { "rule": "unable to obtain coverage in the voluntary market; commonly 'denied by at least 2 private insurers'", "declinations_commonly_cited": 2 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-property-insurance-underwriting-association", "source_name": "Massachusetts Division of Insurance / MPIUA", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "'Denied by at least two private insurers' is widely cited by MA agencies; confirm whether it is in the MPIUA Plan of Operation verbatim before publishing as a hard rule." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through a licensed Massachusetts insurance producer/agent. MPIUA does not sell directly to consumers.", "value_json": { "channel": "licensed Massachusetts producer/agent", "phone": "877-221-1782" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mpiua.com/", "source_name": "Massachusetts Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": null }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Often competitive on price for coastal homes (because the standard market in coastal MA has retreated, the FAIR Plan is frequently the cheapest available option there), but coverage can be narrower than a top-tier voluntary policy and coastal MPIUA policies carry large hurricane percentage deductibles. For inland/lower-risk homes the FAIR Plan is typically more expensive than the standard market.", "value_json": { "positioning": "competitive/cheapest available for coastal homes; more expensive than standard market inland; large coastal hurricane deductibles" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://commonwealthbeacon.org/explainers/what-is-the-fair-plan-mass-s-home-insurer-of-last-resort-an-explainer/", "source_name": "CommonWealth Beacon", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": null }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Statewide homeowners premiums rose 12.7% in 2024, per the MA DOI 2024 Annual Home Insurance Market Report (issued December 2025). The FAIR Plan grew by 24,436 policies in fiscal year 2024, reaching more than 173,000 insured properties - the largest single-year increase since 2007. On Cape Cod and the Islands, 39.6% of homes are now insured through the FAIR Plan (up from 33.0% in 2023). Non-renewals climbed from 3,483 in 2022 to 9,248 in 2023 to 13,000+ in 2024 (with coastal non-renewals more than tripling). 2025 MPIUA structural changes: $1M cap workaround via E&S excess layer (modeled on NC Beach Plan); Coverage A minimum raised to 90% of reconstruction cost (from 80%) for new business effective Feb 1, 2025; mandatory separate flood policy for new policies in coastal Special Flood Hazard Areas.", "value_json": { "properties_insured_2024": 173000, "fair_plan_policies_added_2024": 24436, "largest_single_year_increase_since": 2007, "cape_islands_fair_plan_share_2024_pct": 39.6, "cape_islands_fair_plan_share_2023_pct": 33, "ho_rate_increase_2024_pct": 12.7, "nonrenewals_2022": 3483, "nonrenewals_2023": 9248, "nonrenewals_2024": 13000, "structural_changes_2025": [ "$1M cap excess-layer workaround", "Coverage A min 90% of RC (was 80%) eff. 2025-02-01", "mandatory flood policy in coastal SFHA" ], "current_commissioner": { "name": "Michael T. Caljouw", "title": "Commissioner of Insurance", "confirmed_date": "2024-11-04", "predecessor": "Gary D. Anderson (served 2017 through May 2024; resigned 2024-05-01 to become CEO of the NAIC)", "source_url": "https://www.mass.gov/news/governor-healey-appoints-michael-t-caljouw-as-division-of-insurance-commissioner", "source_name": "Massachusetts Division of Insurance - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 3, "label": "3" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Massachusetts billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/MA", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mass.gov/doc/the-2024-massachusetts-market-for-home-insurance/download", "source_name": "Massachusetts Division of Insurance 2024 Annual Home Insurance Market Report / CommonWealth Beacon", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Cape & Islands FAIR-Plan-share baseline corrected 2026-05-13 from 2021 to 2023 per the data-verifier pass (docs/reviews/16g-data-verifier-overnight.md), CommonWealth Beacon reporting attributes the ~33% baseline figure to 2023, not 2021. 173,000+ properties / first increase since 2017 / Cape & Islands ~40% from MA DOI annual report and CommonWealth Beacon. Non-renewal figures from MA DOI report and Boston Globe / Provincetown Independent reporting. 2025 structural changes from MPIUA producer communications." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Massachusetts (M.G.L. c. 175 §§ 99 and 193P): a homeowners (fire) insurer must give at least 45 days' written notice of non-renewal of a policy covering dwellings or their contents (§ 193P), and at least 5 days' written notice of cancellation to the insured (10 days for non-payment, § 99); the mortgagee/lender receives a separate 20 days' notice under § 99. Massachusetts does NOT have a standing automatic post-disaster non-renewal moratorium; the Division of Insurance has issued bulletins after major storms. There is no statute capping the percentage of policies an insurer may non-renew, which is part of why coastal non-renewals have risen sharply.", "value_json": { "statute": "M.G.L. c. 175 § 99 (cancellation) + § 193P (non-renewal of fire/dwelling)", "nonrenewal_notice_days": 45, "cancellation_notice_days_insured": 5, "cancellation_notice_days_nonpayment": 10, "cancellation_notice_days_mortgagee": 20, "non_renewal_cap": "none", "post_disaster_moratorium": "ad hoc via DOI bulletins" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXXII/Chapter175/Section193P", "source_name": "Massachusetts General Laws c. 175 § 193P (non-renewal) + § 99 (cancellation)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-20", "notes": "Per data-verifier-107 + qa-auditor-127 (2026-05-15): TWO rounds of correction. Round 1 fixed two errors: (a) prior cancellation_notice_days: 20 was the MORTGAGEE notice, not the insured (§ 99 actually gives the insured 5 days / 10 for non-payment / 20 to the mortgagee separately) — critical YMYL fix; (b) the prior citation 211 CMR 131 was wrong (lead-paint regs). Round 2 caught that the round-1 replacement § 111H was ALSO lead-paint-related (residential property owner liability insurance for lead poisoning prevention compliance). CORRECT citation for fire/dwelling non-renewal is M.G.L. c. 175 § 193P (45 days' written notice, applies verbatim to 'policies covering dwellings or their contents'), confirmed via direct malegislature.gov WebFetch 2026-05-15. § 99 stays as the cancellation-side citation." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Plymouth Rock, Narragansett Bay Insurance Co (NBIC), Openly, and Swyfft all modified or stopped writing on Martha's Vineyard (2024). Main Street America Insurance announced a full personal-lines exit from Massachusetts, with homeowners, dwelling fire, and umbrella non-renewals beginning May 1, 2025; auto policies are also expected to be non-renewed as part of the broader exit. The exit is statewide, not limited to coastal areas. Multiple other carriers have tightened coastal Cape and Islands underwriting (roof age, distance to coast, replacement cost minimums), raised hurricane percentage deductibles, and increased non-renewals. No other major national carrier has announced a full Massachusetts homeowners exit as of mid-2026.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "Plymouth Rock", "action": "modified/stopped writing on Martha's Vineyard", "date": "2024" }, { "carrier": "Narragansett Bay Insurance Co (NBIC)", "action": "modified/stopped writing on Martha's Vineyard", "date": "2024" }, { "carrier": "Openly", "action": "modified/stopped writing on Martha's Vineyard", "date": "2024" }, { "carrier": "Swyfft", "action": "modified/stopped writing on Martha's Vineyard", "date": "2024" }, { "carrier": "Main Street America Insurance", "action": "full personal-lines exit from Massachusetts (homeowners, dwelling fire, umbrella, auto); non-renewals beginning May 1, 2025; statewide", "date": "2025" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://commonwealthbeacon.org/explainers/what-is-the-fair-plan-mass-s-home-insurer-of-last-resort-an-explainer/", "source_name": "CommonWealth Beacon / Risman Insurance Agencies", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Plymouth Rock / NBIC / Openly / Swyfft Martha's Vineyard pullbacks reported by CommonWealth Beacon and MV Times (2024). Confirm exact scope (new business vs renewals, geography) before publishing." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-property-insurance-underwriting-association", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-property-insurance-underwriting-association", "homeowners_hub": "https://www.mass.gov/homeowners-insurance", "regulator": "Massachusetts Division of Insurance" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mass.gov/orgs/division-of-insurance", "source_name": "Massachusetts Division of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Mass.gov has a dedicated MPIUA/FAIR Plan page." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "MPIUA is funded by premiums plus assessments on member insurers (all admitted MA property insurers, by market share); it buys a large reinsurance program for hurricane losses on Cape Cod and the Islands, where its exposure is heavily concentrated. Massachusetts uniquely has the FAIR Plan covering ~40% of Cape & Islands homes, far higher than any other state's FAIR Plan share of a region. The 2025 'first layer' / excess structure is a notable innovation (borrowed from the NC Beach Plan) to let high-value coastal homes stay insured. MPIUA offers premium credits for wind-mitigation features.", "value_json": { "funding": "premium + member-insurer assessments + large reinsurance program", "concentration": "Cape Cod & Islands (~40% of homes)", "innovation_2025": "MPIUA-primary 'first layer' + E&S excess (borrowed from NC Beach Plan)", "mitigation_credits": "wind-mitigation premium credits" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mpiua.com/about-us/", "source_name": "Massachusetts Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Funding/concentration structure well-established; exact reinsurance/assessment figures change, needs manual check." } ] }, { "code": "MD", "name": "Maryland", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/maryland-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan (Joint Insurance Association)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mdjia.org/", "source_name": "Maryland Joint Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Maryland's residual market mechanism is called the Maryland Joint Insurance Association (MDJIA), not a 'FAIR Plan' by name, but functions as the state's last-resort insurer of equivalent type. Statutory basis: Md. Code, Insurance Article, Title 25, Subtitle 4 (Maryland Property Insurance Availability Act; §25-403 Joint Insurance Association). All insurers licensed to write property insurance in Maryland are required members. Confirmed on PIPSO membership list and III FY2024 table." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Maryland Joint Insurance Association (MDJIA)", "value_json": { "name": "Maryland Joint Insurance Association", "abbreviation": "MDJIA", "common_alias": "Maryland FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mdjia.org/", "source_name": "Maryland Joint Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Official name per MDJIA's own website and Md. Insurance Article §25-403. Frequently referred to informally as the 'Maryland FAIR Plan.' Maryland Insurance Administration refers to it as the 'Joint Insurance Association (JIA)' in consumer advisories." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.mdjia.org/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.mdjia.org/", "producer_portal": "https://www.mdjia.org/portal-login" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mdjia.org/", "source_name": "Maryland Joint Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Website confirmed active. Producer portal at mdjia.org/portal-login. Contact: (410) 539-6808 or 1-800-492-5670 / info@mdjia.org. Address: 3290 N Ridge Road, Suite 185, Ellicott City, MD 21043." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Homeowners HO 00 02/04/06 (Broad Form): broad named perils. Homeowners HO 00 08 (Modified Coverage Form): limited named perils. Dwelling Fire DP 00 01: fire or lightning, extended coverage (windstorm/hail, explosion, riot, aircraft, vehicles, smoke), vandalism and malicious mischief. Commercial: fire coverage only (no liability). All policies: does NOT cover flood. Vandalism and malicious mischief excluded for vacant/unoccupied properties. For Ocean City properties or those within 200 feet of water, a windstorm/hail deductible is mandatory. Liability available on homeowners forms (up to $100,000 standard, up to $300,000 optional); medical payments $1,000.", "value_json": { "policy_forms": [ "HO 00 02 (Broad)", "HO 00 04 (Tenants)", "HO 00 06 (Condo)", "HO 00 08 (Modified/Limited)", "DP 00 01 (Dwelling Fire)", "Commercial Fire Form" ], "base_perils_dwelling": [ "fire or lightning", "windstorm/hail", "explosion", "riot", "aircraft", "vehicles", "smoke", "vandalism and malicious mischief" ], "homeowners_ho2_ho4_ho6_perils": "Broad Form perils", "homeowners_ho8_perils": "Limited perils", "commercial": "fire coverage only; no liability", "exclusions": [ "flood", "vandalism on vacant/unoccupied properties" ], "liability": "up to $100K standard, up to $300K optional (homeowners only)", "coastal_note": "mandatory windstorm/hail deductible for Ocean City and properties within 200 ft of water" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mdjia.org/policies", "source_name": "Maryland Joint Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Perils, policy forms, and coastal deductible requirement confirmed from MDJIA policies page (direct WebFetch). 'Broad Form Perils' for HO-2/4/6 and 'Limited Perils' for HO-8 are MDJIA's own terminology. Commercial fire-only with no liability confirmed from MDJIA policies page and Maryland Insurance Administration consumer advisory." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "Homeowners and Dwelling Fire: Coverage A (Dwelling) maximum $614,000; Coverage C (Personal Property/Contents) maximum $307,000. Commercial: $1,500,000 per building (fire-resistive, masonry, or frame).", "value_json": { "coverage_a_dwelling_max_usd": 614000, "coverage_c_contents_max_usd": 307000, "commercial_max_usd": 1500000, "currency": "USD" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.mdjia.org/policies", "source_name": "Maryland Joint Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Re-verified 2026-06-18 directly from the MDJIA policies page (mdjia.org/policies): Coverage A max $614,000; Coverage C max $307,000; commercial max $1,500,000 (fire-resistive, masonry, and frame all at the same $1.5M cap). This is a ~35% increase over the prior $455,000 / $228,000 figures. MDJIA does not publish a dwelling-cap change history, so re-check mdjia.org/policies before publishing." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "typical", "value_json": { "status": "typical" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mdjia.org/", "source_name": "Maryland Joint Insurance Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "MDJIA homeowners policies (HO-2/4/6) include personal liability (up to $300K optional), making coverage more complete than a pure fire-only plan. No formal named DIC/wrap product found. Flood coverage must be arranged separately (NFIP or private). No endorsement for earthquake found." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Property owners, individuals, or businesses throughout Maryland who have been unable to obtain essential property insurance through the competitive property/casualty insurance marketplace. Three coverage categories: owner-occupied homeowners (single-family, condos, townhomes), dwelling properties (rental/lease), and commercial properties (fire coverage only). Property must meet MDJIA underwriting guidelines. Seasonal dwellings, farm property (unless inactive), mobile homes, vacant/unoccupied properties, and properties under construction/major renovation are ineligible. No specific numeric declination count stated in MDJIA public materials.", "value_json": { "rule": "unable to obtain essential property insurance in the voluntary/admitted market", "eligible_types": [ "owner-occupied homeowners (1-family, condos, townhomes)", "rental dwelling properties", "commercial properties" ], "ineligible_types": [ "seasonal dwellings", "farm property (unless inactive)", "mobile homes", "vacant/unoccupied", "under construction/major renovation" ], "declination_count": "not specified in MDJIA public materials" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.maryland.gov/Consumer/pages/advisoryjia.aspx", "source_name": "Maryland Insurance Administration: JIA Consumer Advisory", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Eligibility confirmed from MDJIA website and Maryland Insurance Administration JIA consumer advisory. Ineligible property types from MDJIA policies page and PropertyCasualty360 reference. MDJIA maintains underwriting guidelines but a policy will be issued if guidelines are met 'even if the dwelling or building to be insured is adjacent to vacant properties.'" }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Contact a local licensed Maryland insurance producer/agent, or contact MDJIA directly at (410) 539-6808 or 1-800-492-5670. Producer portal at mdjia.org/portal-login. When private-market insurers cancel or non-renew a Maryland property policy, they are legally required to include information about the JIA in the notice (Md. Insurance Article §27-603).", "value_json": { "channel": "licensed MD producer/agent or direct contact with MDJIA", "producer_portal": "https://www.mdjia.org/portal-login", "phone": "410-539-6808 or 1-800-492-5670", "legal_notice_requirement": "private insurers must include JIA contact info in cancellation/non-renewal notices (§27-603)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mdjia.org/", "source_name": "Maryland Joint Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Direct-contact option confirmed from MDJIA website (unusual, most FAIR Plans require agent intermediary). §27-603 notice requirement confirmed from search results (Maryland Insurance Article §27-603, Notice of right to replace commercial insurance following cancellation or non-renewal, applied also to personal lines per MIA guidance)." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Coverage 'may be more restrictive than that provided by other insurance companies, and may also be more expensive because of the increased risk being assumed' (MDJIA's own language). Maryland average annual home insurance premium reached approximately $3,303 in 2024, up ~25% from 2021 ($2,655), driven by rising construction costs, climate-related losses, and reinsurance cost increases. JIA coverage is similarly priced as a last-resort mechanism.", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, last resort; may be more restrictive", "md_avg_premium_2024_approx": 3303, "md_avg_premium_2021_approx": 2655, "md_premium_increase_pct_2021_2024": 25 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mdjia.org/", "source_name": "Maryland Joint Insurance Association (positioning quote); Covered.com (premium figures, secondary)", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "MDJIA's own language about cost and restriction confirmed from MIA consumer advisory and MDJIA website. The $3,303 / $2,655 / 25% Maryland market premium figures come from a Covered.com blog post, NOT from MDJIA — the mdjia.org source_url applies only to the positioning quote. Confidence downgraded to low and needs_rescan flagged until a primary MIA market report or NAIC dataset is cited (per data-verifier-112)." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "FY2024 policy count approximately 722 total (678 habitational + 44 commercial) / total exposure approximately $326.6 million per III reporting (very small plan relative to state size). Regulator change: Marie L. Grant became Maryland Insurance Commissioner in April 2025, replacing Kathleen Birrane. Maryland Bulletin 25-10 (June 2025) introduced a material new consumer protection: it restricts insurers from non-renewing homeowners policies based solely on aerial or satellite imagery without a physical inspection. No specific FAIR Plan rate filings or structural changes for Maryland in 2025-2026 public sources. Maryland's broader home insurance market saw approximately 25% premium increase 2021-2024. Private-market insurers issuing cancellation/non-renewal notices in Maryland are required by Md. Insurance Article §27-602 to provide written notice at least 45 days before the proposed cancellation/non-renewal, and by §27-603 to include JIA contact information in the notice.", "value_json": { "policies_fy2024_total_approx": 722, "habitational_policies_fy2024_approx": 678, "commercial_policies_fy2024_approx": 44, "exposure_fy2024_approx_usd": 326557000, "notice_requirement_change": "§27-602 / §27-603 require 45-day notice with JIA contact info on cancellation/non-renewal (existing law)", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Marie L. Grant", "title": "Maryland Insurance Commissioner", "confirmed_date": "2025-04-02", "predecessor": "Kathleen Birrane (last permanent commissioner); Joy Hatchette served as acting commissioner mid-2024", "source_url": "https://governor.maryland.gov/news/press/pages/governor-moore-appoints-marie-grant-as-maryland-insurance-administration-commissioner.aspx", "source_name": "Governor of Maryland press release (Marie Grant appointment)", "needs_rescan": true }, "bulletin_25_10_2025_06": "Restricts non-renewals based solely on aerial/satellite imagery without physical inspection", "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 8, "label": "8" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Maryland billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/MD", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/insurance-provided-by-fair-plans-by-state-fiscal-year-2024-1", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute (FY2024)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "Policy count/exposure from III FY2024 table. Notice requirement facts confirmed from Justia (Md. Ins. Art. §27-602) and MIA Bulletin 14-11. No MDJIA-specific rate filing data found in public sources. MDJIA Consumer Information Sheet (last updated September 2022) was not parseable due to PDF format. Per data-verifier 73 (Group B, 2026-05-14): added Marie L. Grant commissioner change (April 2025, replacing Birrane) + MD Bulletin 25-10 (June 2025) consumer protection on aerial-imagery-based non-renewals." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Private-market insurers in Maryland must provide written notice of cancellation or non-renewal at least 45 days before the proposed cancellation or expiration of a residential or commercial property policy, for reasons other than non-payment (Md. Insurance Article §27-602(c)(1)). Non-payment cancellation notice: 10 days. At the same time as the cancellation/non-renewal notice, insurers must provide written notice of the policyholder's right to apply to the JIA (§27-603). No standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium in Maryland comparable to California's SB 824.", "value_json": { "statute": "Md. Insurance Article §27-602 (cancellation/non-renewal notice) and §27-603 (right to replace via JIA)", "nonrenewal_notice_days": 45, "nonpayment_notice_days": 10, "jia_notice_requirement": "insurer must include JIA contact info in every cancellation/non-renewal notice", "post_disaster_moratorium": "none standing" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gin§ion=27-602&enumerationStatus=0&updated=N", "source_name": "Md. Code Ann., Ins. § 27-602 (Maryland General Assembly)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "45-day notice and JIA notification requirements confirmed from Md. Ins. Art. § 27-602(c)(1) (Maryland General Assembly primary). § 27-603 JIA notice requirement confirmed from MIA Bulletin 14-11. These are existing statutory requirements, not new changes. Per data-verifier-Wave-21 L13g sweep (2026-05-16): source_url migrated from Justia mirror (third-party, 403'd) to mgaleg.maryland.gov primary per L13g-CRIT/L19." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "No statewide major-carrier exit but coastal Eastern Shore market stress is real and documented. Insurance Journal (November 2024) and MIA briefing materials document approximately five carriers non-renewing all property policies in Eastern Shore coastal areas during 2022-2024, with Worcester County (Ocean City and the Atlantic-facing barrier islands) the primary affected zone. Named carriers are not publicly attributed in MIA reporting, but the coastal-market stress is substantial. Mobile-home / manufactured-housing coverage is the most-affected line; standard-dwelling homeowners coverage statewide has not seen a major-carrier withdrawal of comparable scale to CA/FL/LA. Maryland's broader market stress is driven by rising construction costs and Mid-Atlantic storm/flood exposure rather than the wildfire or hurricane concentration of CA/FL/LA.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "five+ unnamed carriers (per Insurance Journal Nov 2024 + MIA briefing materials)", "action": "non-renewing all property policies in Eastern Shore coastal areas (esp. Worcester County)", "line": "primarily mobile-home / manufactured-housing", "date": "2022-2024" }, { "carrier": null, "action": "no statewide standard-dwelling major-carrier exit comparable to CA/FL/LA as of May 2026", "date": "2020-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.maryland.gov/Consumer/Pages/HomeownersInsurance.aspx", "source_name": "Maryland Insurance Administration + Insurance Journal (2024-11-04)", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-21 (2026-05-16) P0-2: prior framing 'no major-carrier MD market exit confirmed' was misleading by omission. Insurance Journal Nov 2024 (https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/east/2024/11/04/799379.htm) and MIA briefing materials document ~5 carriers non-renewing all property policies in Eastern Shore coastal areas 2022-2024 (Worcester County / Ocean City zone), primarily mobile/manufactured-housing. Named carriers not publicly attributed in MIA reporting. Confidence retained low; needs_rescan: true for named-carrier confirmation against MIA market conduct reports." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://insurance.maryland.gov/Consumer/Pages/HomeownersInsurance.aspx", "value_json": { "url": "https://insurance.maryland.gov/Consumer/Pages/HomeownersInsurance.aspx", "jia_consumer_advisory": "https://insurance.maryland.gov/Consumer/pages/advisoryjia.aspx", "regulator": "Maryland Insurance Administration", "main_site": "https://insurance.maryland.gov/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.maryland.gov/Consumer/pages/advisoryjia.aspx", "source_name": "Maryland Insurance Administration", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Both MIA consumer URLs confirmed in search results. MIA has a dedicated JIA consumer advisory page." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "Md. Code, Insurance Article, Title 25, Subtitle 4 (Maryland Property Insurance Availability Act; §25-403, Joint Insurance Association)", "value_json": { "citation": "Md. Code Ann., Ins. §25-401 et seq., specifically §25-403", "title": "Title 25, Subtitle 4, Maryland Property Insurance Availability Act", "legislature_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gin§ion=25-403&enumerationStatus=0&updated=N" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gin§ion=25-403&enumerationStatus=0&updated=N", "source_name": "Md. Code Ann., Ins. § 25-403 (Maryland General Assembly)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Statutory citation confirmed from Md. Code Ann., Ins. § 25-403 (Maryland General Assembly primary). MDJIA website also references the statutory membership requirement for all licensed property insurers. Per data-verifier-Wave-21 L13g sweep (2026-05-16): source_url migrated from Justia mirror to mgaleg.maryland.gov per L13g-CRIT/L19; value_json key renamed justia_url -> legislature_url." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "Maryland Joint Insurance Association (MDJIA) is funded by premiums and assessments on all admitted MD property insurers; no public funds. Maryland's plan is called the 'Joint Insurance Association' rather than 'FAIR Plan,' a distinction from most other states. Unusually, applicants can contact MDJIA directly rather than exclusively through an agent. Commercial fire coverage is included (no liability), one of the more commercially accessible plans. When private insurers cancel or non-renew a Maryland policy, they are statutorily required to inform the policyholder of the JIA. Plan is relatively small (722 policies = 678 habitational + 44 commercial, ~$327M exposure) but Maryland is a small, densely urban state. Ocean City coastal properties subject to mandatory windstorm/hail deductible.", "value_json": { "funding": "premium + member-insurer assessments; no public funds", "naming": "called 'Joint Insurance Association' not 'FAIR Plan'", "direct_contact": "applicants can contact MDJIA directly (unusual)", "commercial_coverage": "fire only, no liability", "coastal_note": "mandatory wind/hail deductible for Ocean City and within 200 ft of water" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mdjia.org/", "source_name": "Maryland Joint Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "All structural and coverage notes confirmed from MDJIA website and policies page." } ] }, { "code": "ME", "name": "Maine", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/maine-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "no", "value_json": { "status": "no", "note": "Maine has no FAIR Plan and no operating state-backed insurer of last resort for homeowners. The Maine Insurance Code grants the Superintendent statutory authority to stand up a residual mechanism if a line of insurance becomes unavailable or unaffordable (24-A M.R.S. §2325-A voluntary market assistance plan; 24-A M.R.S. §2325-B mandatory market assistance program), but neither has been activated. Maine is not a PIPSO member." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/sites/maine.gov.pfr.insurance/files/2025-09/2025PropertyCasualtyAvailabilityReport.pdf", "source_name": "Maine Bureau of Insurance, 2025 Availability of Insurance in the Maine Property & Casualty Market (Sept 2025)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Cross-checked against PIPSO's member list at pipso.com/members (Maine is not listed) and against the III FAIR Plans by state fiscal year 2024 table (Maine is not included). The Maine Monitor (2024) quotes a BOI spokesperson stating Maine has no FAIR plan but has the statutory means to create one. Confirmed by 24-A §2325-B itself, which establishes activation prerequisites (voluntary plan first, public hearing, finding of insufficiency) that have not occurred." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "no plan", "value_json": { "name": null, "note": "no Maine FAIR Plan exists; if a residual mechanism is ever activated under 24-A §2325-B it would be the Maine Mandatory Property and Casualty Insurance Market Assistance Program, administered by an 8-member governing committee under a Superintendent-approved plan of operations" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/statutes/24-a/title24-Asec2325-B.html", "source_name": "Maine Revised Statutes, Title 24-A §2325-B", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The statute defines basic property and casualty insurance for owner-occupied residential properties (up to 4 apartments) and authorizes a mandatory program only after the voluntary plan under §2325-A has been established, a public hearing held, and the Superintendent has determined voluntary participation insufficient. None of these triggers has fired as of the September 2025 BOI availability report." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "no plan website; Maine Bureau of Insurance consumer page at maine.gov/pfr/insurance/consumers/homeowners-or-renters-insurance is the closest equivalent", "value_json": { "url": null, "doi_consumer_page": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/consumers/homeowners-or-renters-insurance", "cancellation_nonrenewal_page": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/consumers/homeowners-or-renters-insurance/cancellations-non-renewals-hearings", "fortify_maine_homes_page": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/fortify-maine" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/consumers/homeowners-or-renters-insurance", "source_name": "Maine Bureau of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "There is no Maine FAIR Plan website because there is no Maine FAIR Plan. BOI's homeowners consumer page and its cancellations / non-renewals / hearings page are the official starting points for consumers who cannot obtain or retain coverage." }, { "field": "residual_market_structure", "value": "Surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S) market; no FAIR Plan, no JUA, no Beach/Wind Plan, no activated market assistance program. Maine is not a PIPSO member. Surplus lines accounted for less than 1% of Maine homeowners written premiums in 2024 and 5.2% of the total Maine insurance market.", "value_json": { "primary_path": "surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S)", "regulator": "Maine Bureau of Insurance", "surplus_lines_statute": "24-A M.R.S. §2004 (surplus lines only when admitted market does not exist for the risk)", "no_fair_plan": true, "no_jua": true, "pipso_member": false, "dormant_residual_authority": "24-A §2325-A (voluntary) and 24-A §2325-B (mandatory) market assistance plans, not activated", "surplus_lines_share_of_me_homeowners_premium_2024_pct": "<1", "surplus_lines_share_of_me_total_market_2024_pct": 5.2, "eligible_surplus_lines_insurers_sept_2025": 253 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/sites/maine.gov.pfr.insurance/files/2025-09/2025PropertyCasualtyAvailabilityReport.pdf", "source_name": "Maine Bureau of Insurance, 2025 P&C Availability Report", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "When admitted carriers decline a Maine property, a Maine-licensed surplus-lines producer may place the risk with an eligible non-admitted insurer (253 eligible as of September 2025). Surplus-lines policies are not backed by the Maine Insurance Guaranty Fund, a material consumer-protection trade-off." }, { "field": "regulatory_authority", "value": "Maine Bureau of Insurance, a division of the Maine Department of Professional and Financial Regulation", "value_json": { "name": "Maine Bureau of Insurance", "parent_agency": "Maine Department of Professional and Financial Regulation", "url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/home", "physical_address": "76 Northern Avenue, Gardiner, ME 04345", "mailing_address": "34 State House Station, Augusta, ME 04333-0034", "main_phone": "(207) 624-8475", "consumer_toll_free": "(800) 300-5000", "hours": "8:00 AM to 5:00 PM Mon-Fri (Eastern)", "rate_authority_note": "Maine is a prior-approval state for personal lines property/casualty rate filings" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/home", "source_name": "Maine Bureau of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Bureau is housed within the Department of Professional and Financial Regulation; Joan F. Cohen is DPFR Commissioner. Physical address sighted on a BOI-published form (name-change-individual.pdf). Mailing address is a State House Station box per standard Maine state-agency convention." }, { "field": "superintendent", "value": "Robert L. Carey", "value_json": { "name": "Robert L. Carey", "common_name": "Bob Carey", "title": "Superintendent, Maine Bureau of Insurance", "confirmed_date": "2024-02", "nominating_governor": "Janet T. Mills", "background": "Director of Planning and Development, Massachusetts Health Insurance Connector Authority; Director of Policy and Program Management, Massachusetts Group Insurance Commission", "education": "M.S. Public Management and Policy (Carnegie Mellon); B.A. English (University of Maine at Fort Kent)", "direct_phone": "(207) 624-8495", "dpfr_commissioner": "Joan F. Cohen" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/about/superintendent", "source_name": "Maine Bureau of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Carey was nominated by Governor Mills and confirmed by the Maine Senate in February 2024. He is the named Superintendent on the 2025 BOI Availability Report cover page (September 2025). Joan F. Cohen is DPFR Commissioner and oversees the Bureau as a whole; she is not the Superintendent." }, { "field": "DOI_contact", "value": "Maine Bureau of Insurance Consumer Assistance: (800) 300-5000 toll-free or (207) 624-8475 main. Property and Casualty consumer assistance: (207) 624-8441. File a complaint via the BOI consumer pages at maine.gov/pfr/insurance.", "value_json": { "main_phone": "(207) 624-8475", "consumer_toll_free": "(800) 300-5000", "property_casualty_consumer_assistance_phone": "(207) 624-8441", "general_consumer_assistance_phone": "(207) 624-8435", "consumer_page": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/consumers/homeowners-or-renters-insurance", "cancellation_nonrenewal_page": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/consumers/homeowners-or-renters-insurance/cancellations-non-renewals-hearings", "physical_address": "76 Northern Avenue, Gardiner, ME 04345", "mailing_address": "34 State House Station, Augusta, ME 04333-0034", "hours": "8:00 AM to 5:00 PM Mon-Fri (Eastern)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/home", "source_name": "Maine Bureau of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The P&C Consumer Assistance and Hearing Coordinator is the right routing for homeowners-cancellation hearings under 24-A §3049. The toll-free 800-300-5000 is the BOI consumer line." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Maine requires at least 30 days' written notice of intent not to renew a homeowners policy under the Maine Property Insurance Cancellation Control Act (24-A M.R.S. §3049 et seq.). For nonrenewal notices under §3051, a postal certificate of mailing is conclusive proof of receipt on the 3rd calendar day after mailing. For cancellation notices under §3050, the proof-of-receipt rule is the 5th calendar day after mailing. Cancellation requires 10 days' notice for nonpayment of premium or 20 days for other valid grounds. Policies in effect less than 90 days (120 days for certain residential properties) cannot be canceled except for limited grounds. A policyholder may request a hearing before the Superintendent within 30 days to contest a cancellation or nonrenewal.", "value_json": { "nonrenewal_notice_days": 30, "nonrenewal_mailing_receipt_deemed_days": 3, "nonrenewal_mailing_statute": "24-A M.R.S. §3051", "cancellation_notice_days_nonpayment": 10, "cancellation_notice_days_other_grounds": 20, "cancellation_mailing_receipt_deemed_days": 5, "cancellation_mailing_statute": "24-A M.R.S. §3050", "new_policy_underwriting_window_days_standard": 90, "new_policy_underwriting_window_days_seasonal": 120, "statute": "24-A M.R.S. §§3049, 3050, 3051", "act_name": "Maine Property Insurance Cancellation Control Act", "subchapter": "Title 24-A, Chapter 41, Subchapter 5", "hearing_right": "policyholder may request a hearing before the Superintendent within 30 days to contest cancellation or nonrenewal", "post_disaster_moratorium": "no standing statutory moratorium", "rate_approval_regime": "prior approval for personal property/casualty rates" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/24-A/title24-Asec3051.html", "source_name": "Maine Revised Statutes Title 24-A §§3049 (grounds) + §3050 (cancellation notice: 5th-day mailing rule) + §3051 (nonrenewal notice: 3rd-day mailing rule)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier-150 (2026-05-15): MATERIAL correction. The mailing-receipt rule under § 3050 is the 5th calendar day after mailing, NOT the 3rd as previously stated — material consumer-protection fact (determines actual advance notice before cancellation is effective). Also: prior source_url pointed only to § 3049 (grounds); the 10/20-day notice periods and 5th-day mailing-receipt rule are in § 3050, the 30-day non-renewal notice is in § 3051. Updated to point to § 3050 as primary with § 3049/3051 cross-referenced in source_name. The Maine Property Insurance Cancellation Control Act constrains insurers more tightly than commercial-lines rules; the BOI 2025 Availability Report explicitly notes commercial-lines insurers can non-renew for any reason whereas personal homeowners and auto cannot." }, { "field": "grounds_for_cancellation", "value": "Maine recognizes 10 enumerated grounds for cancellation of a homeowners policy under 24-A §3049 (plus one sub-provision 4-A on policy-terms violation interpolated between grounds 4 and 5): (1) nonpayment of premium; (2) insured's conviction of a crime increasing hazard; (3) fraud or material misrepresentation; (4) negligent acts or failure to disclose material facts substantially increasing hazard; (4-A) violation of policy terms; (5) physical property changes making it uninsurable; (6) vacant property without custodial care; (7) trampoline remaining 30 days after notice; (8) non-compliant swimming pool 30 days after notice; (9) dog bite loss unless dog is removed; (10) failure to comply with loss-control recommendations within 90 days. Nonrenewal grounds include all of the above plus a good-faith reason related to the insurability of the property.", "value_json": { "statute": "24-A M.R.S. §3049", "grounds_count": 10, "nonrenewal_extra_ground": "good-faith reason related to insurability of the property", "swimming_pool_statutory_reference": "22 M.R.S. §1631", "vague_reasons_prohibited": true }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/24-A/title24-Asec3049.html", "source_name": "Maine Revised Statutes Title 24-A §3049", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Insurers cannot cite vague catch-all reasons like 'underwriting reasons' alone; the BOI's consumer-rights page emphasizes that the carrier must supply a specific, statutory-grounded reason. This is the basis for the homeowner-initiated hearing right in front of the Superintendent." }, { "field": "carriers_in_market", "value": "Per the Maine Bureau of Insurance 2025 Availability Report (data as of December 31, 2024), 99 insurance companies were actively writing homeowners coverage in Maine. The top 10 companies wrote 50% of the market and the leading carrier held a 12% market share, indicating a competitive, unconcentrated market.", "value_json": { "homeowners_writers_2024": 99, "top_10_share_pct": 50, "leading_carrier_share_pct": 12, "data_as_of": "2024-12-31", "auto_writers_2024": 103, "auto_top_10_share_pct": 63, "auto_leading_carrier_share_pct": 16, "concentration_characterization": "competitive; market distribution remains steady" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/sites/maine.gov.pfr.insurance/files/2025-09/2025PropertyCasualtyAvailabilityReport.pdf", "source_name": "Maine Bureau of Insurance, 2025 P&C Availability Report (Sept 2025)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The BOI report does not name the top 10 homeowners carriers by name. A 12% top-carrier share and 50% top-10 share is well below FL/CA-style concentration. This is the structural reason no FAIR Plan has been activated in Maine." }, { "field": "premium_baseline", "value": "According to the NAIC May 2025 dwelling-fire and homeowners report, Maine had the 10th-lowest average homeowners insurance premiums in 2022 (the most recent year for which NAIC state-level data is available). Maine has held the 9th, 10th, or 11th-lowest position since 2009 and has had the lowest average premiums in New England for several years. Third-party trackers place Maine's 2024 average premium in the roughly $1,200 to $1,266 range, against a national average near $2,584. Rate trajectory per Maine Bureau of Insurance approval data: average 10% increase in 2023, 12.8% in 2024 (316,802 policyholders affected), decelerating to 2.9% in 2025 (approximately 340,000 policyholders affected). BOI regulatory review of 2025 filings rejected or modified proposed increases, saving homeowners an estimated $3.8 million ($5.8 million across homeowners and auto combined).", "value_json": { "naic_2022_ranking": "10th lowest in U.S.", "naic_long_run_range": "9th to 11th lowest since 2009", "new_england_position": "lowest average premium in New England for several years", "third_party_2024_avg_low_usd": 1200, "third_party_2024_avg_high_usd": 1266, "national_avg_2024_usd": 2584, "boi_2023_avg_rate_increase_pct": 10, "boi_2024_avg_rate_increase_pct": 12.8, "policyholders_affected_2024": 316802, "boi_2025_avg_rate_increase_pct": 2.9, "policyholders_affected_2025": 340000, "boi_2025_homeowners_savings_usd": 3800000, "boi_2025_total_savings_auto_plus_homeowners_usd": 5800000, "five_year_rate_growth_2023_2024_pct_estimate": 23, "naic_report_url": "https://content.naic.org/sites/default/files/publication-hmr-zu-homeowners-report.pdf" }, "unit": "USD", "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/sites/maine.gov.pfr.insurance/files/2025-09/2025PropertyCasualtyAvailabilityReport.pdf", "source_name": "Maine Bureau of Insurance, 2025 P&C Availability Report; 2025 rate figures per Insurance Journal (April 2026) citing Maine BOI; NAIC Homeowners Report 2022 data (May 2025)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "a secondary aggregator ranked Maine first nationally on its 2026 Home Insurance Climate Stability Index (perfect score of 100); Superintendent Bob Carey publicly disputed a secondary aggregator's claim that Maine rates fell 4% in 2024, noting that rates did not decline year over year. The 12.8% figure and policyholder count come from the Maine Monitor citing the Maine BOI. The Maine BOI report itself reports only ranks, not headline statewide averages, so the $1,200-$1,266 third-party range is the best available numeric anchor." }, { "field": "rate_approval_regime", "value": "Maine is a prior-approval state for personal lines property/casualty rate filings. Carriers must file rates with the Maine Bureau of Insurance and obtain approval before use. The Superintendent reviews filings for adequacy, non-excessiveness, and non-discrimination, and Medical Mutual of Maine and others file under the same prior-approval framework.", "value_json": { "regime": "prior approval (personal lines)", "statute": "24-A M.R.S. Chapter 25", "regulator": "Maine Bureau of Insurance", "supporting_filings_example": "Medical Mutual of Maine -3.1% physicians / +10% hospital liability effective 2024-01-01 (filed with BOI)", "contrast_az": "Arizona is file-and-use with no prior-approval authority for personal lines" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/sites/maine.gov.pfr.insurance/files/2025-09/2025PropertyCasualtyAvailabilityReport.pdf", "source_name": "Maine Bureau of Insurance, 2025 P&C Availability Report", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 2025 Availability Report describes the Bureau's review and approval of specific filings (e.g., the Medical Mutual filing), consistent with a prior-approval regime; a clean statutory citation in the form of a single 24-A section was not located in this pull. Confidence medium pending a direct cite." }, { "field": "guaranty_fund", "value": "Maine Insurance Guaranty Association (also known as the Maine Insurance Guaranty Fund) covers claims against insolvent admitted property/casualty carriers; it does not cover surplus-lines / non-admitted carriers. This is explicitly noted in the BOI 2025 Availability Report as a key consumer-protection trade-off for surplus-lines policyholders.", "value_json": { "fund_name": "Maine Insurance Guaranty Association", "common_alias": "Maine Insurance Guaranty Fund", "covers": "admitted (licensed) property & casualty insurers", "does_not_cover": "surplus-lines / non-admitted (E&S) insurers", "statute": "24-A M.R.S. Chapter 57" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/sites/maine.gov.pfr.insurance/files/2025-09/2025PropertyCasualtyAvailabilityReport.pdf", "source_name": "Maine Bureau of Insurance, 2025 P&C Availability Report", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 2025 BOI report (footnote 16) states: policies written through surplus lines do not have the protections of the Maine Insurance Guaranty Fund. Critical consumer-protection delta for any Maine homeowner forced into the surplus-lines market by a non-renewal." }, { "field": "hurricane_deductible_rule", "value": "Under Maine Bureau of Insurance Rule Chapter 950 (adopted approximately 2015), insurers may apply a named-hurricane deductible only while the property is actively under a National Weather Service hurricane warning, with the elevated deductible expiring 24 hours after the last warning. Carriers must disclose the hurricane deductible at policy issuance. The rule was adopted to help coastal homeowners access more affordable admitted-market coverage.", "value_json": { "rule": "Maine Bureau of Insurance Rule Chapter 950 - Hurricane Deductibles", "trigger": "National Weather Service hurricane warning for the property's forecast area", "expiration": "24 hours after the last hurricane warning expires", "disclosure_requirement": "policyholder must be notified at issuance that a hurricane deductible applies", "policy_intent": "permit affordability for coastal admitted-market coverage while still protecting consumers", "approximate_adoption_year": 2015 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/sos/rulemaking/agency-rules/department-professional-and-financial-regulation-rules#031", "source_name": "Maine Bureau of Insurance Rule Chapter 950", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The BOI 2025 Availability Report explicitly cites Rule Chapter 950 as the principal regulatory tool for keeping coastal admitted-market homeowners coverage available and affordable. This is a meaningful structural feature of the Maine market compared with states that allow flat coastal wind deductibles or seasonal wind exclusions." }, { "field": "coastal_exposure", "value": "Maine has approximately 228 miles of direct Atlantic coastline per NOAA, ranking it among the longer-coast U.S. states; total tidal shoreline including bays and islands is approximately 3,478 miles. Coastal exposure is concentrated in York, Cumberland, Sagadahoc, Lincoln, Knox, Waldo, Hancock, and Washington counties. Island communities (e.g., Vinalhaven, North Haven, Monhegan, Isle au Haut, Swan's Island) are flagged in the BOI 2025 Availability Report as the Maine homeowners segment with the greatest difficulty obtaining coverage.", "value_json": { "direct_atlantic_coastline_noaa_miles": 228, "total_tidal_shoreline_miles": 3478, "coastal_counties": [ "York", "Cumberland", "Sagadahoc", "Lincoln", "Knox", "Waldo", "Hancock", "Washington" ], "named_island_communities_at_higher_risk": [ "Vinalhaven", "North Haven", "Monhegan", "Isle au Haut", "Swan's Island" ], "boi_difficulty_signal": "island communities and properties with specific exposure issues experience the greatest difficulty finding affordable homeowners insurance" }, "unit": "miles", "source_url": "https://coast.noaa.gov/states/maine.html", "source_name": "NOAA Office for Coastal Management, Maine", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 228-mile direct-coastline / 3,478-mile tidal-shoreline figures are NOAA standard measurements and have been widely repeated; double-check against NOAA's most recent page on each new data refresh. The BOI 2025 Availability Report explicitly singles out island communities as a difficulty cluster." }, { "field": "hurricane_history", "value": "Per NOAA HURDAT2 and contemporary NWS reports, Maine has experienced very few hurricane landfalls in the modern record. Notable events: Hurricane Carol (August 1954) tracked into Maine at Category 2 intensity, caused three deaths and $10 million in damage (then the costliest natural disaster in Maine history); Hurricane Edna (September 1954) caused $15 million in Maine damage; the 1938 New England Hurricane caused widespread Maine damage despite no Maine landfall; Hurricane Bob (August 1991) made a final landfall as a strong tropical storm near Rockland with 92 mph gusts in Wiscasset, $7.9 million in Maine damage; the 1991 Perfect Storm (the Halloween Nor'easter, October-November 1991) brought 30-foot waves to the Maine coast and damaged 49 homes including President George H.W. Bush's Kennebunkport residence. The last major hurricane landfall in New England remains Hurricane Carol in 1954.", "value_json": { "last_major_landfall_in_new_england": { "name": "Hurricane Carol", "year": 1954, "category_at_me_coast": 2 }, "events": [ { "name": "Hurricane Carol", "year": 1954, "me_category": 2, "me_deaths": 3, "me_damage_1954_usd": 10000000 }, { "name": "Hurricane Edna", "year": 1954, "me_damage_1954_usd": 15000000 }, { "name": "1938 New England Hurricane", "year": 1938, "me_status": "no Maine landfall; significant Maine damage from outer bands" }, { "name": "Hurricane Bob", "year": 1991, "me_landfall_intensity": "strong tropical storm at Rockland", "me_peak_gust_mph_wiscasset": 92, "me_damage_1991_usd": 7900000, "me_power_outages": 170000 }, { "name": "1991 Perfect Storm (Halloween Gale)", "year": 1991, "me_status": "no landfall (extra-tropical nor'easter)", "me_wave_height_ft": 30, "me_damage_1991_usd": 7900000, "me_homes_severely_damaged": 49, "me_homes_destroyed": 2 } ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/All_U.S._Hurricanes.html", "source_name": "NOAA HURDAT2 / NWS Mount Holly and Caribou event reviews / Bangor Daily News (citing NWS data)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Several Maine hurricane figures are sourced from contemporary NWS event reviews and the Bangor Daily News retrospective citing NWS records, with HURDAT2 confirming track. Hurricane-Bob Maine-damage figure ($7.9M) is the published NWS figure. The Perfect Storm $7.9M Maine-damage figure is the published Wikipedia tally citing NOAA NCDC; consider re-pulling NOAA NCEI directly for any future precision claim." }, { "field": "wildfire_exposure", "value": "Maine wildfire exposure is low in absolute terms but rising. The 1947 Great Fires remain the state's largest forest-fire disaster (over 220,000 acres burned, 1,000 homes destroyed, 2,500 people displaced, 16 deaths). Modern annual activity is far smaller; the Maine Forest Service reports 115 wildfires statewide through mid-April 2026, characterized by officials as a busy early season. Maine is not included in Cotality's 2025 Wildfire Risk Report focus on the 14 Western states with material WUI exposure. Drought-driven activity has stepped up in 2022, 2023, and 2025 across northern New England.", "value_json": { "largest_historical_event": { "name": "1947 Great Fires", "acres": 220000, "homes_destroyed": 1000, "people_displaced": 2500, "deaths": 16, "policy_outcome": "modern Maine Forest Service wildfire response framework" }, "humans_caused_share_pct": 90, "early_2026_count_through_apr_21": 115, "cotality_2025_inclusion": false, "cotality_top_5_western_states_homes_at_risk": { "CA": 1300000, "CO": 319000, "TX": 243000, "OR": 128000, "AZ": 124000 }, "primary_risk_geographies": [ "WUI in interior counties", "blueberry barrens (Washington and Hancock counties)", "spruce-fir forests in northern Maine" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/dacf/mfs/forest_protection/1947_fire.html", "source_name": "Maine Forest Service / Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation & Forestry", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Maine Forest Service publishes its Wildfire Danger Report daily; the absolute risk in Maine is meaningfully smaller than for any Western state in the Cotality 2025 report. The 90%+ human-caused share is a Maine Forest Service figure on the 1947 fires history page." }, { "field": "mitigation_credits", "value": "Maine launched the Fortify Maine Homes Program in 2025 under the Bureau of Insurance: a grant of up to $10,000 (or up to $15,000 for homeowners enrolled in MaineCare or SNAP) toward replacement of a primary residence's roof to IBHS FORTIFIED standards. Pilot counties are York, Cumberland, Kennebec, and Penobscot. As of 2026-06-18, the BOI official page states the pilot is still in development and not yet accepting applications; the program is expected to open applications in June 2026 per trade press citing BOI (Route Fifty, May 2026). An AI-enabled application platform (Forerunner) has been selected for application processing and contractor coordination. A Phase 2 focused on flood resiliency is planned for 2027. The program is intended to address the dominant non-renewal driver in Maine (roof condition).", "value_json": { "program_name": "Fortify Maine Homes Program", "administrator": "Maine Bureau of Insurance", "grant_amount_standard_usd": 10000, "grant_amount_enhanced_usd": 15000, "enhanced_eligibility": "enrollment in MaineCare or SNAP", "pilot_counties": [ "York", "Cumberland", "Kennebec", "Penobscot" ], "application_status_as_of_20260618": "not yet accepting applications; pilot in development (BOI official page)", "expected_launch": "June 2026 per Route Fifty (May 2026) citing BOI", "application_platform": "Forerunner (AI-enabled geospatial platform for application review and contractor coordination)", "phase_2": "flood resiliency, planned 2027", "policy_target": "replace roofs to IBHS FORTIFIED standard to prevent non-renewal for roof condition", "primary_residence_only": true, "payment_routing": "funds paid directly to roofer upon completion and inspection", "expansion_plan": "statewide after pilot", "info_url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/fortify-maine" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/fortify-maine", "source_name": "Maine Bureau of Insurance, Fortify Maine Homes Program; application timeline per Route Fifty (May 2026) citing BOI", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Fortify Maine is the principal state-level mitigation incentive program for homeowners in Maine. The 4-county pilot was selected because those counties have experienced the most severe-storm impact in recent years. Statutory mandatory carrier-credit for FORTIFIED-roof status has not been enacted; the program is a grant mechanism rather than a rate-credit mandate." }, { "field": "non_renewal_drivers", "value": "Maine Bureau of Insurance and Maine Monitor reporting identify roof condition as the dominant driver of homeowners non-renewals in Maine, accounting for more than three-quarters of cancellations attributable to property condition. The 2025 BOI Availability Report further identifies these new-applicant difficulty categories: prior claims, older mobile or manufactured homes, poorly maintained properties, home businesses on premises, certain dog breeds or bite history, vacant or unoccupied homes, properties uninsured for a period of time, and homes with a woodstove or heat pump as primary heat source.", "value_json": { "primary_driver": "roof condition", "roof_condition_share_of_non_renewals_pct": ">75", "boi_listed_difficulty_categories": [ "prior claims", "older mobile or manufactured homes", "poorly maintained properties", "home businesses on premises", "certain dog breeds or bite history", "vacant or unoccupied homes", "homes uninsured for a period of time", "homes with woodstove or heat pump as primary heat source" ], "secondary_driver_coastal": "windstorm exposure for new coastal applicants", "secondary_driver_island": "island-community properties experience greatest difficulty" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/sites/maine.gov.pfr.insurance/files/2025-09/2025PropertyCasualtyAvailabilityReport.pdf", "source_name": "Maine Bureau of Insurance, 2025 P&C Availability Report", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The roof-condition share of non-renewals (>75%) was reported in trade press citing Maine BOI data and is the policy rationale for the Fortify Maine Homes Program. The BOI difficulty-category list is verbatim from the 2025 Availability Report." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "No carrier-by-carrier statewide retreat narrative analogous to the 2023 California State Farm / Allstate / Farmers pullback has been issued in Maine. The Bureau of Insurance 2025 Availability Report characterizes the Maine homeowners market as competitive and stable, with 99 active homeowners writers and no sharp departures. Carrier behavior in Maine has been incremental: tighter roof-condition underwriting, the use of hurricane deductibles on the coast under Rule Chapter 950, and rate increases of roughly 23% over 2023-2024 reported by Maine Monitor citing BOI data.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "(market aggregate)", "action": "no named carrier-level exits in Maine homeowners 2023-2026; 99 writers active in 2024", "date": "2023-2026", "source": "Maine Bureau of Insurance, 2025 P&C Availability Report" }, { "carrier": "(market aggregate)", "action": "tighter roof-condition underwriting drives >75% of homeowners non-renewals in Maine", "date": "2023-2025", "source": "Maine Bureau of Insurance / Maine Monitor" }, { "carrier": "(market aggregate)", "action": "approximately 23% cumulative rate increase across 2023-2024 in Maine", "date": "2023-2024", "source": "Maine Monitor citing Maine Bureau of Insurance data" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/sites/maine.gov.pfr.insurance/files/2025-09/2025PropertyCasualtyAvailabilityReport.pdf", "source_name": "Maine Bureau of Insurance, 2025 P&C Availability Report", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The BOI 2025 Availability Report does not list top-10 carriers by name and does not flag any specific named carrier as having exited Maine. Confidence is medium for the negative finding; high-confidence carrier-specific posture would require pulling the BOI rate-filing database carrier by carrier." }, { "field": "surplus_lines_role", "value": "Surplus lines provided less than 1% of Maine homeowners written premiums in 2024 and 5.2% of the total Maine insurance market. As of September 2025, 253 companies were eligible to write surplus lines in Maine. Under 24-A M.R.S. §2004, surplus-lines coverage may be written only when an admitted-market option is not available for the risk.", "value_json": { "regulator": "Maine Bureau of Insurance", "statute": "24-A M.R.S. §2004", "homeowners_share_2024_pct": "<1", "total_market_share_2024_pct": 5.2, "eligible_surplus_lines_insurers_sept_2025": 253, "diligent_search_requirement": "admitted market must be unavailable for the risk", "guaranty_fund_note": "surplus lines policies are NOT backed by the Maine Insurance Guaranty Fund" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/sites/maine.gov.pfr.insurance/files/2025-09/2025PropertyCasualtyAvailabilityReport.pdf", "source_name": "Maine Bureau of Insurance, 2025 P&C Availability Report", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Less-than-1% homeowners share for surplus lines is the structural counter-argument to any narrative that Maine homeowners are being pushed wholesale into the non-admitted market. The 253-eligible-insurers figure is current to September 2025 and refreshes annually." }, { "field": "post_disaster_protection", "value": "Maine does not have a standing post-disaster nonrenewal moratorium analogous to California Insurance Code §675.1. Maine's principal homeowner protections after a non-renewal notice are the 30-day hearing right before the Superintendent under 24-A §3049 and the prohibition on vague or non-specific cancellation reasons.", "value_json": { "standing_moratorium": false, "moratorium_authority": "none statutory", "principal_post_event_protections": [ "30-day window to request hearing before Superintendent (24-A §3049)", "prohibition on non-specific cancellation reasons", "10-day cancellation notice for nonpayment / 20 days for other grounds", "30-day nonrenewal notice" ], "contrast_ca": "California Cal. Ins. Code §675.1 (one-year nonrenewal moratorium in declared-wildfire ZIP codes)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/consumers/homeowners-or-renters-insurance/cancellations-non-renewals-hearings", "source_name": "Maine Bureau of Insurance / 24-A M.R.S. §3049", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Maine's 30-day pre-effect notice and hearing right is the working analog to a moratorium for most homeowners; the Superintendent has discretion to convene hearings and resolve disputes. No multi-ZIP suspension authority of the CA type has been enacted." }, { "field": "disaster_declarations_recent", "value": "The Maine Emergency Management Agency reports five disaster declarations and one emergency declaration in Maine during 2023, three disaster declarations in 2024, and zero declared disasters in Maine through the Maine BOI's September 2025 report cut-off. The long-run average since 1970 is approximately one disaster declaration per year, making 2023-2024 an above-trend cluster.", "value_json": { "2023_disaster_declarations": 5, "2023_emergency_declarations": 1, "2024_disaster_declarations": 3, "2025_disaster_declarations_through_sept": 0, "long_run_annual_average_since_1970": 1, "data_source": "Maine Emergency Management Agency" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/mema/grants/pa/declared-disasters", "source_name": "Maine Emergency Management Agency / Maine BOI 2025 P&C Availability Report", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The disaster-cluster context (5+1 in 2023 plus 3 in 2024 vs. a 1-per-year long-run average) is the BOI's stated rationale for recent reinsurance-driven rate pressure in Maine. Re-pull this row annually; the 2025 column may close out with declarations after September." }, { "field": "construction_input_pressure", "value": "Construction input prices (materials and labor) have increased 42.7% since February 2020 per the Associated Builders and Contractors July 2025 reading. The Maine Bureau of Insurance cites this figure in its 2025 P&C Availability Report as a key driver of homeowners replacement-cost insurance-to-value adjustments and premium increases.", "value_json": { "abc_construction_input_increase_feb_2020_to_jul_2025_pct": 42.7, "source_org": "Associated Builders and Contractors", "boi_use_case": "rationale for replacement-cost insurance-to-value bumps and premium increases" }, "unit": "%", "source_url": "https://www.abc.org/News-Media/News-Releases/abcconstruction-materials-prices-jump-04-in-july", "source_name": "Associated Builders and Contractors, July 2025 release (cited by Maine BOI 2025 P&C Availability Report)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Re-anchor against ABC's next monthly release; this figure shifts over time. The BOI cites it as economy-wide context, not as a Maine-specific construction-cost measure." }, { "field": "key_statutes", "value": "Core Maine homeowners-insurance statutes: 24-A M.R.S. §2004 (surplus-lines diligent-search rule); 24-A M.R.S. §2325-A (voluntary market assistance plan); 24-A M.R.S. §2325-B (mandatory market assistance program; trigger conditions for residual mechanism); 24-A M.R.S. §3004-A (statutory definition of actual cash value); 24-A M.R.S. §3049 (Maine Property Insurance Cancellation Control Act; eleven grounds for cancellation); 24-A M.R.S. §3050 (postal certificate of mailing as proof of receipt); 24-A M.R.S. §3051 (notice of intent not to renew, 30-day notice). Maine Bureau of Insurance Rule Chapter 950 governs hurricane deductibles.", "value_json": { "_24A_2004": "surplus lines may be written only when admitted market does not exist for the risk", "_24A_2325_A": "voluntary market assistance plan (Superintendent may establish if availability is impaired)", "_24A_2325_B": "mandatory market assistance program (8-member governing committee; activated only after voluntary plan and public hearing)", "_24A_3004_A": "statutory definition of actual cash value as replacement cost less physical depreciation", "_24A_3049": "Maine Property Insurance Cancellation Control Act; eleven grounds for cancellation; specific reasons required", "_24A_3050": "postal certificate of mailing is conclusive proof of receipt on the 5th calendar day after mailing", "_24A_3051": "notice of intent not to renew; 30 days before policy expiration", "rule_chapter_950": "hurricane deductibles, NWS-warning triggered, 24-hour post-warning expiration" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/24-A/title24-Asec3049.html", "source_name": "Maine Revised Statutes Title 24-A; Maine BOI Rule Chapter 950", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "These statutes are the basis for every consumer-rights conversation in Maine homeowners insurance. The §2325-A and §2325-B pair are the dormant authorities that would have to be activated to create a Maine FAIR Plan equivalent." }, { "field": "consumer_guidance", "value": "If admitted carriers decline you in Maine, your options are: (1) shop with an independent agent across the 99 homeowners writers active in the state; (2) work with a Maine-licensed surplus-lines producer who can place coverage with an eligible non-admitted insurer under 24-A §2004, recognizing that surplus-lines policies are not backed by the Maine Insurance Guaranty Fund; (3) if your roof is the issue, watch for the Fortify Maine Homes Program (pilot in York, Cumberland, Kennebec, Penobscot counties) which offers up to $10,000 or $15,000 toward an IBHS FORTIFIED replacement roof; (4) if you receive a cancellation or nonrenewal notice, request a hearing before the Superintendent within 30 days under 24-A §3049, and file a complaint with the Maine Bureau of Insurance at (800) 300-5000.", "value_json": { "options": [ "shop with an independent agent (99 active homeowners writers in Maine)", "surplus lines via licensed Maine producer (no Maine Insurance Guaranty Fund backing)", "Fortify Maine Homes Program ($10,000 or $15,000 roof grant; 4-county pilot)", "request hearing before Superintendent within 30 days; file complaint at (800) 300-5000" ], "no_fair_plan_fallback": true, "statutes_involved": [ "24-A §2004", "24-A §3049", "24-A §3050", "24-A §3051" ], "key_phone": "(800) 300-5000" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/consumers/homeowners-or-renters-insurance", "source_name": "Maine Bureau of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The hearing-before-Superintendent right and the no-guaranty-fund caveat are the two most important consumer-protection facts for any Maine homeowner navigating a non-renewal. The Fortify Maine grant is the most concrete near-term lever Maine homeowners have to address the roof-condition non-renewal driver." }, { "field": "market_outlook_2026", "value": "Maine's homeowners market remains one of the most stable and affordable in the country, ranking 9th-to-11th lowest premium nationally on NAIC's long-run series and topping a 2026 climate-stability index reported by the Maine Monitor (Maine's Insurance Superintendent has publicly disputed the underlying methodology's separate 4% rate-decline claim, so treat the rank as directional rather than precise). Principal forward risks: rising reinsurance costs flowing through to Maine carriers, the 2023-2024 disaster-declaration cluster, coastal windstorm and island-community access difficulties, roof-condition non-renewals (which the Fortify Maine Homes Program is designed to address), and low-frequency-high-severity hurricane tail risk on the southern Maine coast.", "value_json": { "climate_stability_index_2026_rank": 1, "climate_stability_index_2026_score": 100, "naic_long_run_rank_range": "9th to 11th lowest in U.S.", "boi_market_characterization_2025": "stable and competitive; 99 active homeowners writers; top-10 share 50%; leading carrier 12%", "primary_driver_of_2024_rate_pressure": "reinsurance cost increases tied to climate-driven catastrophes nationally and globally", "forward_risks": [ "reinsurance pressure flowing through to Maine admitted carriers", "roof-condition non-renewals (>75% of cancellations attributable to roof condition)", "coastal and island affordability and availability under named-hurricane deductibles", "low-frequency-high-severity hurricane tail risk on the southern Maine coast", "rising disaster-declaration frequency (2023-2024 above long-run trend)" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://themainemonitor.org/home-insurance-stability/", "source_name": "Maine Monitor / Maine Bureau of Insurance 2025 P&C Availability Report", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "a secondary aggregator is a secondary source; cross-check the rank-1 claim against the underlying methodology page before publishing prescriptive guidance. The roof-condition / Fortify-Maine narrative is the most actionable Maine-specific angle for homeowners now." }, { "field": "industry_data_sources", "value": "Authoritative Maine-specific datasets for tracking homeowners-insurance availability and pricing: (1) Maine BOI Annual Property & Casualty Availability Report (most recent: September 2025; covers 2024 data); (2) NAIC Dwelling Fire and Homeowners Insurance Report (most recent: May 2025; covers 2022 data); (3) NAIC Auto Insurance Database Average Premium Supplement (June 2025; covers 2023 data); (4) Maine Emergency Management Agency declared-disasters list; (5) Insurance Research Council uninsured-driver report (February 2025; 2023 data); (6) Maine Forest Service wildfire daily and historical reports; (7) NOAA HURDAT2 for hurricane landfall history.", "value_json": { "me_boi_availability_report": { "url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/sites/maine.gov.pfr.insurance/files/2025-09/2025PropertyCasualtyAvailabilityReport.pdf", "publication": "September 2025", "data_year": 2024 }, "me_boi_archive": { "url": "https://digitalmaine.com/bi_docs/" }, "naic_homeowners_report": { "url": "https://content.naic.org/sites/default/files/publication-hmr-zu-homeowners-report.pdf", "publication": "May 2025", "data_year": 2022 }, "naic_auto_report": { "url": "https://content.naic.org/sites/default/files/autdb_1.pdf", "publication": "June 2025", "data_year": 2023 }, "mema_disasters": { "url": "https://www.maine.gov/mema/grants/pa/declared-disasters" }, "maine_forest_service": { "url": "https://www.maine.gov/dacf/mfs/wildfire_danger_report/index.html" }, "noaa_hurdat2": { "url": "https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/All_U.S._Hurricanes.html" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/sites/maine.gov.pfr.insurance/files/2025-09/2025PropertyCasualtyAvailabilityReport.pdf", "source_name": "Maine Bureau of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The Maine BOI Availability Report is the gold-standard Maine dataset; it should be re-pulled annually as new editions publish (September cadence). NAIC state-level homeowners data has a two-to-three-year lag; the most recent NAIC state-by-state homeowners file as of May 2026 is the May 2025 report covering 2022." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "February 2024: Bob Carey confirmed by the Maine Senate as Superintendent of Insurance. July 1, 2024: new statutory $500 towing and storage mandate for personal auto becomes effective. 2024: Maine BOI approves an average 12.8% homeowners rate increase affecting 316,802 policyholders. September 2025: Maine BOI publishes 2025 Availability of Insurance Report (covering 2024 data); 99 homeowners writers active, top-10 share 50%, leading carrier 12%. 2025: Maine BOI approves an average 2.9% homeowners rate increase affecting approximately 340,000 policyholders; BOI regulatory review saves homeowners an estimated $3.8 million ($5.8 million across auto and homeowners combined). 2025: Fortify Maine Homes Program announced by Maine BOI; up to $10,000 or $15,000 grants for FORTIFIED-roof replacement; pilot in York, Cumberland, Kennebec, Penobscot counties; AI-enabled application platform (Forerunner) selected. June 2026 (expected): Fortify Maine Homes Program pilot applications scheduled to open; BOI official page as of 2026-06-18 states the pilot is still in development and not yet accepting applications.", "value_json": { "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-02", "event": "Bob Carey confirmed as Superintendent of the Maine Bureau of Insurance" }, { "date": "2024-07-01", "event": "Mandatory $500 personal-auto towing-and-storage coverage effective (29-A M.R.S. §§1605, 1605-A, 1605-B; 24-A §2902)" }, { "date": "2024", "event": "Maine BOI approves average 12.8% homeowners rate increase; 316,802 policyholders affected" }, { "date": "2025-09", "event": "Maine BOI publishes 2025 P&C Availability Report (2024 data); 99 active homeowners writers; top-10 share 50%; leading carrier 12%" }, { "date": "2025", "event": "Maine BOI approves average 2.9% homeowners rate increase; approximately 340,000 policyholders affected; BOI regulatory review saves $3.8M for homeowners ($5.8M total with auto)" }, { "date": "2025", "event": "Fortify Maine Homes Program announced; 4-county roof-grant pilot; Forerunner AI platform selected for application processing" }, { "date": "2026-06", "event": "Fortify Maine Homes Program pilot applications expected to open (June 2026 per Route Fifty May 2026 citing BOI); BOI official page as of 2026-06-18 states pilot still in development, not yet accepting applications" } ], "current_commissioner": { "name": "Robert L. (Bob) Carey", "title": "Superintendent of Insurance", "confirmed_date": "2024-02-28", "predecessor": "Timothy N. Schott (Acting Superintendent Apr 2022 - Feb 2024; returned to Deputy Superintendent role); prior full Superintendent was Eric Cioppa, retired April 2022 after 33 years", "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/about/superintendent", "source_name": "Maine Bureau of Insurance - Superintendent" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 1, "label": "1" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Maine billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/ME", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/sites/maine.gov.pfr.insurance/files/2025-09/2025PropertyCasualtyAvailabilityReport.pdf", "source_name": "Maine Bureau of Insurance 2025 P&C Availability Report; 2025 rate data per Insurance Journal (April 2026) citing BOI; Fortify Maine launch timeline per Route Fifty (May 2026) citing BOI; BOI Fortify Maine page (June 2026)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Keep this field current as the next BOI Availability Report (expected September 2026 for 2025 data) lands and as Fortify Maine Homes opens applications. The 12.8% / 316,802 figures came from the Maine Monitor citing BOI; reconfirm against the BOI rate-filings ledger before any prescriptive headline use." }, { "field": "title_override", "value": "Maine FAIR Plan: none; Fortify Maine roof grants 2026", "value_json": { "h1": "Maine FAIR Plan: none. The Fortify Maine roof-grant program launches mid-2026", "title": "Maine FAIR Plan: none; Fortify Maine roof grants 2026", "meta_description": "Maine has no FAIR Plan. Roof condition drives over 75 percent of non-renewals; Fortify Maine opens $10K to $15K roof grants mid-2026." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/fortify-maine", "source_name": "Maine Bureau of Insurance, Fortify Maine Homes Program", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "title_override per copywriter-205 cross-cutting #1/#2: the prior shared template title was uniform across the 14 batch-14 no-plan states. Differentiates with Maine's load-bearing 2025/2026 fact pair — roof condition is the dominant homeowners-non-renewal driver (>75% of cancellations per the BOI 2025 Availability Report) and the Maine BOI Fortify Maine Homes Program (up to $10K standard / $15K for MaineCare or SNAP households, 4-county pilot, IBHS FORTIFIED roof replacement) launches mid-2026. Title 53c, body meta 153c. BOI URL is correct primary source — the program is BOI-administered, not statutory, so L13g doesn't apply." } ] }, { "code": "MI", "name": "Michigan", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/michigan-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mbpia.com/about-us", "source_name": "Michigan Basic Property Insurance Association (MBPIA)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "MBPIA organized under Act 262 of Michigan Public Acts of 1968 (chapter 29 of Michigan Insurance Code), commenced business October 21, 1968. Not-for-profit insurer of last resort. Statutory basis: Mich. Comp. Laws ch. 29 (MCL 500.2901 et seq.)." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Michigan Basic Property Insurance Association (MBPIA)", "value_json": { "name": "Michigan Basic Property Insurance Association", "abbreviation": "MBPIA", "common_alias": "Michigan Basic" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mbpia.com/about-us", "source_name": "Michigan Basic Property Insurance Association (MBPIA)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Official name confirmed on MBPIA About Us page. Colloquial Michigan FAIR Plan also used. Official URL is mbpia.com (michiganbasic.com redirects to unrelated agency site and should not be cited)." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.mbpia.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.mbpia.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mbpia.com/", "source_name": "Michigan Basic Property Insurance Association (MBPIA)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "mbpia.com confirmed as official site. michiganbasic.com redirects to an unrelated insurance agency and should NOT be cited as the plan URL." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "MBPIA offers both basic property insurance and a full homeowners package, unusual for a FAIR Plan. Forms: HO-3 (Special Form, open-peril dwelling), HO-2 (basic form), HO-4 (renters), HO-6 (condo/co-op). Basic property: fire, lightning, extended coverage (windstorm/hail, explosion, riot, aircraft, vehicles, smoke), vandalism/malicious mischief. HO-3 covers all perils not specifically excluded including theft, liability, additional living expenses. Settlement options: actual cash value, replacement value, or repair/market value. Does NOT include flood or earthquake.", "value_json": { "forms_available": [ "HO-3 Special Form", "HO-2 Basic Form", "HO-4 Renters", "HO-6 Condo/Co-op" ], "base_perils": [ "fire", "lightning", "extended coverage (windstorm/hail, explosion, riot, aircraft, vehicles, smoke)", "vandalism/malicious mischief" ], "ho3_scope": "open-peril (all perils not specifically excluded)", "includes_liability": true, "includes_theft": true, "exclusions": [ "flood", "earthquake" ], "settlement_options": [ "actual cash value", "replacement value", "repair/market value" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mbpia.com/about-us", "source_name": "Michigan Basic Property Insurance Association (MBPIA) - About Us; Michigan DIFS 'What if I am ineligible for homeowners insurance?' (michigan.gov/difs) confirms MBPIA forms equivalent to HO-2 and HO-3", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-21 (2026-05-16) P1: MCL 500.2901 is only the definitions/enabling section -- it does NOT specify HO-3 forms or settlement options. Confidence dropped medium -> low; needs_rescan added. The HO-3 exclusion list above must be verified against MBPIA's current Rules and Rate Manual / Plan of Operation (member-distribution-only) before any pipeline body uses these specifics. The valuepenguin.com/michigan-basic-home-insurance article was prior secondary corroboration." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "Not published on the plan's public website; must be verified against MBPIA's current Rules and Rates Manual or Plan of Operation. MBPIA offers standard HO-3 forms with replacement-cost options. No cap confirmed from primary sources.", "value_json": { "amount": null, "currency": "USD", "note": "unverified, pull from MBPIA Rules and Rates Manual" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.mbpia.com/", "source_name": "Michigan Basic Property Insurance Association (MBPIA)", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "MBPIA does not publish dwelling caps on its consumer-facing website. Coverage comparison chart PDF was binary at compile time. Do not publish a number until confirmed. Contact: (313) 877-7400 or customerservice1@mbpia.com." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "Not typically needed, MBPIA's HO-3 already includes liability and theft, unlike most FAIR Plans. Michigan is unusual in that its FAIR Plan offers a comprehensive homeowners product rather than a stripped-down fire/EC policy. Flood is still excluded and requires a separate NFIP or private flood policy.", "value_json": { "status": "not typically needed", "reason": "MBPIA HO-3 includes liability and theft unlike most FAIR Plans" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mbpia.com/about-us", "source_name": "Michigan Basic Property Insurance Association (MBPIA)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "HO-3 with liability/theft confirmed. DIC/wrap concept is primarily CA-specific and less relevant in MI where the plan provides comprehensive coverage." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Available to property owners denied homeowners or basic property insurance by the standard admitted market and whose property meets minimum insurability standards. Eligible property: owner-occupied or tenant-occupied dwellings up to 4 units, condos, co-ops complying with state/local building codes; not used for farm, commercial, or illegal purposes. Owner cannot control more than 5% of aggregate statewide assessable premiums. For MBPIA's HO-3 home insurance product, MCL 500.2103 (Chapter 21) bars qualified applicants with arson convictions or fraud-based claim denials within the past 5 years. Whether the same bar applies to MBPIA's narrower basic property insurance product is governed by MBPIA's Plan of Operation (not publicly available; needs rescan). No published fixed 'declined by N carriers' numeric test.", "value_json": { "rule": "denied in voluntary market + property meets minimum insurability standards", "property_types": [ "1-4 family dwellings", "condos", "co-ops" ], "disqualifiers_ho3_per_mcl_500_2103": [ "arson conviction within 5 years", "fraud-based claim denial within 5 years" ], "disqualifiers_general": [ "farm use", "commercial use", "illegal use", "building code violations" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-500-2103", "source_name": "Michigan Insurance Code MCL 500.2103 (Chapter 21, Home Insurance: 5-year arson/fraud disqualifier for HO-3 qualified applicants); MBPIA Plan of Operation (for the basic property insurance product, currently non-public)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-20", "notes": "Per data-verifier-157 (2026-05-15): the 5-year arson conviction / fraud-claim-denial lookback is in MCL 500.2103 (Chapter 21, Home Insurance — the HO-3 product chapter), NOT MCL 500.2901 (Chapter 29, Basic Property Insurance — which contains only definitions, not the qualified-applicant disqualifier). Source_url corrected accordingly. MBPIA sells both HO-3 (Chapter 21) and basic property insurance (Chapter 29); the statutory 5-year bar is confirmed for the HO-3 product through MBPIA. Whether the same bar applies to the narrower basic-property product is governed by MBPIA's Plan of Operation, which remains inaccessible publicly — needs_rescan: true preserved. L16f pattern (different product chapters / parallel statutes). Other eligibility elements (1-4 family / condos / co-ops; farm/commercial/illegal exclusion; building code compliance) confirmed against statute and MBPIA FAQ." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through a licensed Michigan insurance agent/producer. MBPIA does not sell directly to consumers. Any licensed Michigan P&C agent cannot refuse to assist with a FAIR Plan application. Agent search: mbpia.com/Agent-Search. MBPIA office: 27555 Farmington Road, Suite 315, Farmington Hills, MI 48334. Phone: (313) 877-7400.", "value_json": { "channel": "licensed Michigan P&C agent/producer", "info_url": "https://www.mbpia.com/", "agent_search_url": "https://www.mbpia.com/Agent-Search", "phone": "(313) 877-7400" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mbpia.com/faqs", "source_name": "Michigan Basic Property Insurance Association (MBPIA)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "MBPIA FAQ states: 'You must contact a licensed agent to submit an application.' Agent Search function on mbpia.com." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "MBPIA rates are generally equal to or greater than private market rates. Because MBPIA offers a comprehensive HO-3 with liability and theft, the cost comparison differs from typical FAIR Plans. No bundling discounts, eco-friendly technology incentives, or multi-year claims-free discounts available.", "value_json": { "positioning": "rates equal to or greater than standard market; comprehensive HO-3 product; no bundling discounts" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mbpia.com/about-us", "source_name": "Michigan Basic Property Insurance Association (MBPIA): about / product structure", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-21 (2026-05-16) P1: the 'rates equal to or greater than private market' claim is an INFERENCE from the program's residual-market structure, not a CITATION from the source. Confidence dropped medium -> low; needs_rescan added. MBPIA is a state-chartered insurer of last resort for applicants two voluntary carriers have declined, and its rate filings reflect that risk pool. Prior secondary citation was a valuepenguin.com article paraphrasing the same; replaced with the program's own about page. Needs_rescan against MBPIA's current Rules and Rate Manual when that document becomes publicly available." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Per III FY2024 reporting: approximately 16,274 policies in force, total exposure approximately $2.6 billion ($2,599,502,000). Michigan is among the larger FAIR Plans by policy count nationally. MBPIA launched a new policyholder portal. A 2025 DIFS Bulletin (2025-12-INS) clarified rules on use of aerial imagery in cancellations and non-renewals under MCL 500.2123(1), insurer must notify homeowner, provide copies of aerial imagery, and allow a challenge period before acting.", "value_json": { "policies_in_force_fy2024": 16274, "exposure_fy2024_usd": 2599502000, "exposure_date": "FY2024", "notable_2025": "DIFS Bulletin 2025-12-INS on aerial imagery use in non-renewals/cancellations", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Anita G. Fox", "title": "Director of the Department of Insurance and Financial Services", "confirmed_date": "2019-01-14", "predecessor": "Patrick M. McPharlin (Snyder-era director; departed at end of Snyder administration, January 2019)", "source_url": "https://www.michigan.gov/difs/about/difs-biographies-and-public-officials/anita-fox", "source_name": "Michigan Department of Insurance and Financial Services - Director" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 8, "label": "8" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Michigan billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/MI", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/insurance-provided-by-fair-plans-by-state-fiscal-year-2024-1", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute (Fact Book, FY2024 reporting)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "Policy count and exposure from III FY2024 table. DIFS Bulletin 2025-12-INS sourced from DIFS 2025 bulletins list. Rate changes for MBPIA not found in public sources, verify against DIFS filing database." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Governed by MCL 500.2117 (grounds) and MCL 500.2123(1) (notice). Non-renewal grounds: three or more paid claims within 3 years totaling $3,000+ excluding weather claims, OR $4,000+ including weather claims; unoccupied dwelling >60 days; adjacent hazards changed post-policy issuance; threatening conduct toward insurer staff (per MCL 500.2117, a law-enforcement/police report must have been filed as a precondition for invoking this ground). Notice: at least 30 days written notice before termination (minimum 20 days if within first 55 days of policy); must state specific reason. 2025 DIFS Bulletin 2025-12-INS: aerial imagery use in non-renewals requires disclosure and homeowner challenge opportunity (references MCL 500.2123(1)). Michigan does NOT have a standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium.", "value_json": { "grounds_statute": "MCL 500.2117", "notice_statute": "MCL 500.2123(1)", "nonrenewal_notice_days": 30, "cancellation_early_policy_notice_days": 20, "cancellation_early_policy_period_days": 55, "threatening_conduct_ground_requires_police_report": true, "post_disaster_moratorium": "none", "notable_2025": "DIFS Bulletin 2025-12-INS aerial imagery disclosure requirement under MCL 500.2123(1)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-500-2117", "source_name": "Michigan Insurance Code MCL 500.2117 (grounds) + MCL 500.2123(1) (notice) + DIFS Bulletin 2025-12-INS", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-136 (2026-05-15): added the police-report precondition for the threatening-conduct non-renewal ground (MCL 500.2117 explicitly requires a law-enforcement/police report); material consumer-protection omission in the prior phrasing. Also tightened the notice citation to MCL 500.2123(1) (the operative subsection per DIFS Bulletin 2025-12-INS). Notice period and grounds confirmed from Michigan Legislature website." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Michigan has not experienced the wholesale carrier exits seen in CA, FL, or CO. The FAIR Plan exists primarily to serve older urban housing stock in Detroit, Flint, Saginaw, and other legacy industrial cities. No verified record of a major national carrier announcing a Michigan homeowners exit as of May 2026.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": null, "action": "no confirmed major-carrier MI homeowners exit as of May 2026; plan serves older urban housing stock rather than catastrophe exposure", "date": "2020-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.michigan.gov/difs/consumers/insurance/home-insurance", "source_name": "Michigan Department of Insurance and Financial Services", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Absence of carrier pullback confirmed by search of DIFS bulletins, news sources, and III data. Needs annual check." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://www.michigan.gov/difs/consumers/insurance/home-insurance", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/difs/consumers/insurance/home-insurance", "regulator": "Michigan Department of Insurance and Financial Services (DIFS)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.michigan.gov/difs/consumers/insurance/home-insurance", "source_name": "Michigan Department of Insurance and Financial Services", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "DIFS consumer homeowners insurance page confirmed. Phone: 877-999-6442." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "Mich. Comp. Laws ch. 29, MCL 500.2901 et seq. (Basic Property Insurance); Act 262 of Michigan Public Acts of 1968.", "value_json": { "statute": "MCL 500.2901 et seq.", "enabling_act": "Act 262 of Michigan Public Acts of 1968", "chapter": "Chapter 29 of the Michigan Insurance Code" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-500-2901", "source_name": "Michigan Legislature", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Statutory basis confirmed from MBPIA About Us page ('organized under the provisions of Act 262 of the Michigan Public Acts of 1968, which is included in chapter 29 of the Michigan Insurance code') and Michigan Legislature MCL text." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "MBPIA is a not-for-profit unincorporated association of all admitted Michigan property insurers, required to participate as a condition of licensure. Operating deficits funded by annual pro-rata assessments on members based on premium writings. No public (state/federal) funds. Michigan is unusual among FAIR Plans nationally in offering a full homeowners product (HO-3), most state FAIR Plans offer only basic fire/extended-coverage/named-peril policies without liability or theft.", "value_json": { "structure": "not-for-profit unincorporated association of all admitted MI property insurers", "funding": "annual pro-rata member-insurer assessments; no public funds", "notable": "offers full HO-3 homeowners product with liability and theft, unusual for a FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mbpia.com/about-us", "source_name": "Michigan Basic Property Insurance Association (MBPIA)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Funding confirmed from MBPIA About Us: 'Members are all insurance companies writing similar insurance coverages in the state of Michigan and are subject to pro rata annual assessments to fund operating deficits.'" } ] }, { "code": "MN", "name": "Minnesota", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/minnesota-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mnfairplan.org/index.html", "source_name": "Minnesota FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Minnesota FAIR Plan established 1968 per the Minnesota FAIR Plan Act (Minn. Stat. ch. 65A.31-65A.42). Confirmed active and accepting applications. Official website: mnfairplan.org (NOT mnfairplan.com)." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Minnesota FAIR Plan Association", "value_json": { "name": "Minnesota FAIR Plan Association", "common_alias": "Minnesota FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mnfairplan.org/index.html", "source_name": "Minnesota FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Name confirmed from plan's own website at mnfairplan.org. Board address: 7900 International Dr., Suite 625, Bloomington, MN 55425." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.mnfairplan.org/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.mnfairplan.org/", "policyholder_portal": "https://finysprod.mnfairplan.org/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mnfairplan.org/index.html", "source_name": "Minnesota FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "mnfairplan.org confirmed as the official site. The previously cited mnfairplan.com is NOT the official plan site. Policyholder online portal at finysprod.mnfairplan.org." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Two coverage types: (1) Dwelling Fire policies (1-4 family, owner-occupied, non-owner-occupied, vacant, seasonal), fire, lightning, internal explosion, extended coverage (windstorm/hail, explosion, riot, aircraft, vehicles, smoke), vandalism/malicious mischief; does NOT include theft or liability. (2) Homeowners policies (owner-occupied primary residences and condo unit owners), broader coverage including theft and personal liability. Neither form covers flood or earthquake.", "value_json": { "dwelling_fire_perils": [ "fire", "lightning", "internal explosion", "extended coverage (windstorm/hail, explosion, riot, aircraft, vehicles, smoke)", "vandalism/malicious mischief" ], "dwelling_fire_exclusions": [ "theft", "liability", "flood", "earthquake" ], "homeowners_includes": [ "theft", "liability" ], "exclusions_both": [ "flood", "earthquake" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mnfairplan.org/index.html", "source_name": "Minnesota FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Coverage structure confirmed from mnfairplan.org and search results. Specific perils list from policy forms index. Exact perils and endorsements should be confirmed against plan's current underwriting guidelines before publishing." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "$500,000 (dwelling fire policy maximum).", "value_json": { "amount": 500000, "currency": "USD", "policy_type": "dwelling fire", "homeowners_cap": "not confirmed separately" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.mnfairplan.org/index.html", "source_name": "Minnesota FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "$500,000 maximum for dwelling fire policy cited by search results referencing Minnesota FAIR Plan coverage. Confirm against plan's current rates and rules manual. Homeowners policy maximum not independently confirmed, may differ. Minimum deductible: $500 (owner-occupied), $1,000 (non-owner-occupied), per plan's general rules." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "Partial, for dwelling fire policyholders (no liability/no theft), a separate liability policy is commonly added. For homeowners policyholders (who already have liability and theft), a DIC/wrap is generally not needed. Flood excluded from both forms; separate NFIP or private flood policy required.", "value_json": { "status": "partial", "context": "dwelling fire policyholders typically add separate liability; homeowners form already includes liability and theft" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mnfairplan.org/index.html", "source_name": "Minnesota FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Based on coverage structure. DIC/wrap is not a formal named product in MN (unlike CA)." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Applicants must have been canceled, non-renewed, or otherwise unable to obtain coverage from an insurer in the private market before qualifying. Documentation of rejection from the standard market required. Property must meet minimum insurability standards. Homeowners coverage available only for owner-occupied primary residences. Any licensed MN insurance agent is required to assist with a FAIR Plan application and cannot refuse to submit one. Minn. Stat. 60A.201, Subd. 7 (enacted via 2025 Minnesota 1st Special Session, Ch. 4, Art. 3, Sec. 2) now requires surplus lines brokers placing homeowners or property insurance on an owner-occupied dwelling with a nonadmitted insurer to print or stamp in at least 10-point type on the policy face a notice that the applicant may be eligible for Minnesota FAIR Plan coverage. The related stand-alone bill (HF 3026) was never separately enacted; its substance was absorbed into the 2025 special session omnibus.", "value_json": { "rule": "canceled, non-renewed, or unable to obtain from private market + property meets minimum standards + documentation of rejection required", "agent_obligation": "any licensed MN agent must assist; cannot refuse", "surplus_lines_notice": "Minn. Stat. 60A.201, Subd. 7 (enacted June 2025): surplus lines brokers must include 10-point-type FAIR Plan eligibility notice on face of policy for owner-occupied dwellings placed with nonadmitted insurer" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2025/1/Session+Law/Chapter/4/", "source_name": "Minnesota Laws 2025, 1st Special Session, Chapter 4 (MN Revisor)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Eligibility language directly from mnfairplan.org. Agent obligation from Minn. Stat. 65A.41. HF 3026 surplus-lines notice requirement from MN Revisor 2025 session." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through any licensed Minnesota insurance agent or broker, they cannot refuse to assist. No specific registered-agent network required. Call toll-free (800) 524-1640 or local (612) 338-7584 (Mon-Thu 8am-4pm, Fri 8am-noon) if an agent is difficult to locate. Initial premium must be paid within 30 days; coverage begins upon payment. Premium can be split into 4 installments at no extra cost.", "value_json": { "channel": "any licensed MN insurance agent or broker", "info_url": "https://www.mnfairplan.org/", "phone_tollfree": "(800) 524-1640", "phone_local": "(612) 338-7584", "hours": "Mon-Thu 8am-4pm, Fri 8am-noon", "payment_installments": 4 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mnfairplan.org/consumers.html", "source_name": "Minnesota FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Contact info, hours, and payment terms confirmed from mnfairplan.org consumer page." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market for the same coverage, a last resort, not a price-competition alternative. Minimum deductibles higher than typical standard-market policies: $500 owner-occupied, $1,000 non-owner-occupied on dwelling fire form. No bundling discounts or loyalty credits.", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, narrower or equivalent coverage; higher minimum deductibles", "min_deductible_owner_occupied": 500, "min_deductible_non_owner_occupied": 1000 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mnfairplan.org/index.html", "source_name": "Minnesota FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Deductible minimums from plan's general rules (September 2016 edition per search results). Specific MN pricing data not independently published." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Per III FY2024 reporting: approximately 4,261 policies in force, total exposure approximately $457 million. Minnesota saw rising homeowners insurance rates driven by severe storm/hail losses; MN is among the most hail-active states. In 2024, Minn. Stat. 65A.29 was amended to add an explicit non-renewal ground: three or more covered losses exceeding $10,000 from lightning, wind, rain, or hail within five years. Via the 2025 Minnesota 1st Special Session (Ch. 4, Art. 3, Sec. 2), the surplus lines FAIR Plan notice requirement is now enacted as Minn. Stat. 60A.201, Subd. 7: surplus lines brokers placing homeowners or property insurance on an owner-occupied dwelling with a nonadmitted insurer must print or stamp in at least 10-point type on the policy face a notice that the applicant may be eligible for Minnesota FAIR Plan coverage. The same session (Ch. 4, Art. 3, Sec. 20, eff. June 15, 2025) established a 12-member Task Force on Homeowners and Commercial Property Insurance; the task force report was due February 15, 2026. Secondary market sources place MN home insurance rate increases among the highest in the nation in 2024-2025; a primary MN DOC rate-filing analysis or NAIC market report should be consulted to confirm the exact figure.", "value_json": { "policies_in_force_fy2024": 4261, "exposure_fy2024_usd": 457440000, "stat_change_2024": "Minn. Stat. 65A.29 amended, hail/wind loss-history non-renewal ground added (3+ covered losses >$10,000 from lightning/wind/rain/hail within 5 years)", "hf3026_2025": "ENACTED: surplus lines broker FAIR Plan notice requirement enacted as Minn. Stat. 60A.201, Subd. 7 via 2025 1st Special Session, Ch. 4, Art. 3, Sec. 2; requires 10-point-type notice on face of policy placed with nonadmitted insurer for owner-occupied dwelling stating applicant may be eligible for FAIR Plan coverage", "task_force_2025": "Task Force on Homeowners and Commercial Property Insurance established via 2025 1st Special Session, Ch. 4, Art. 3, Sec. 20 (eff. June 15, 2025); 12 members; report due February 15, 2026", "rate_increase_2024_2025": "Secondary aggregators place MN home insurance rate increases among the highest in the nation in 2024-2025; primary MN DOC rate-filing data or NAIC market report needed for confirmed figure (needs_rescan)", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Grace Arnold", "title": "Commissioner of Commerce", "confirmed_date": "2021-04-15", "predecessor": "Steve Kelley (departed April 2021; appointed by Gov. Walz; MN Senate-confirmed 2023-02-16)", "source_url": "https://mn.gov/commerce/about/leadership/", "source_name": "Minnesota Department of Commerce - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 7, "label": "7" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 7, "label": "7" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 4, "label": "4" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Minnesota billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/MN", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2025/1/Session+Law/Chapter/4/", "source_name": "Minnesota Laws 2025, 1st Special Session, Chapter 4 (MN Revisor)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Policy count and exposure from III FY2024 table. 65A.29 hail/wind amendment confirmed from fetched statute text. HF 3026 from MN Revisor 2025 session search." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Governed by Minn. Stat. 65A.29. Non-renewal requires 60 days' advance written notice. Notice must specify the reason(s) and must inform the insured of (1) FAIR Plan availability under 65A.31-65A.42, (2) right to object to the Commissioner, and (3) right to unearned premium return. Insurers may cancel a new policy for any non-prohibited reason during the first 59 days (applicant must be notified of this window in writing at issuance). Non-renewal grounds include loss experience (excluding natural causes) and, per a 2024 amendment, three or more covered losses exceeding $10,000 from lightning, wind, rain, or hail within five years. Minnesota does NOT have a standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium.", "value_json": { "statute": "Minn. Stat. 65A.29", "nonrenewal_notice_days": 60, "free_cancellation_window_days": 59, "hail_wind_nonrenewal_ground": "3+ covered losses >$10,000 from lightning/wind/rain/hail within 5 years (added 2024)", "post_disaster_moratorium": "none" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/65a.29", "source_name": "Minnesota Statutes 65A.29 (2025)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "60-day non-renewal notice, content requirements, and free-cancellation window confirmed from fetched 65A.29 text at revisor.mn.gov. 2024 hail/wind amendment confirmed from fetched statute text." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Minnesota has not experienced wholesale carrier exits but has seen significant rate increases and selective underwriting tightening, particularly for older homes and high-hail-risk areas. No major national carrier announced a full MN homeowners exit as of May 2026. Some carriers have added wind/hail deductibles or restricted coverage for older roofs.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": null, "action": "no confirmed major-carrier MN homeowners exit as of May 2026; market stress driven by severe hail/storm losses; carriers tightening wind/hail deductibles and roof-age underwriting", "date": "2020-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://mn.gov/commerce/insurance/consumer/home/", "source_name": "Minnesota Department of Commerce", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No specific named-carrier exit verified. Needs annual check against MN Department of Commerce filings." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://mn.gov/commerce/insurance/consumer/home/", "value_json": { "url": "https://mn.gov/commerce/insurance/consumer/home/", "regulator": "Minnesota Department of Commerce" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://mn.gov/commerce/insurance/consumer/home/", "source_name": "Minnesota Department of Commerce", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "MN Department of Commerce is the insurance regulator. Verify exact deep link at time of publication." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "Minn. Stat. 65A.31–65A.42 (Minnesota FAIR Plan Act). Non-renewal: Minn. Stat. 65A.29.", "value_json": { "fair_plan_statute": "Minn. Stat. 65A.31–65A.42", "enabling_act_name": "Minnesota FAIR Plan Act", "nonrenewal_statute": "Minn. Stat. 65A.29" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/65A.35", "source_name": "Minnesota Statutes (MN Revisor)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Statutory basis confirmed from plan's own documents and MN Revisor. Plan established 1968." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "The Minnesota FAIR Plan Association is an unincorporated association of all admitted Minnesota property insurers (all required to participate as a condition of licensure). Member participation in losses and expenses is proportional to premiums written in the second preceding calendar year, per MN DOC data. Governed by a nine-member board: five directors elected by member insurers (minimum two domestic) and four public directors appointed by the Commerce Commissioner for 2-year terms. No public (state/federal) funds. The plan offers both homeowners (with liability and theft) and dwelling fire forms, more comprehensive than many peer FAIR Plans.", "value_json": { "structure": "unincorporated association of all admitted MN property insurers", "governance": "9-member board: 5 elected by members + 4 public directors appointed by Commissioner", "funding": "proportional member-insurer assessments; no public funds", "notable": "offers homeowners (with liability/theft) alongside dwelling fire form" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/65A.35", "source_name": "Minnesota Statutes 65A.35", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Governance and funding structure confirmed from Minn. Stat. 65A.35 text fetched from revisor.mn.gov." } ] }, { "code": "MO", "name": "Missouri", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/missouri-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://missourifairplan.com/", "source_name": "Missouri FAIR Plan (Missouri Property Insurance Placement Facility)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Established October 1969 under Mo. Rev. Stat. ch. 379.810 et seq. Official website is missourifairplan.com (NOT mofairplan.com). Active and accepting applications as of 2025-2026." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Missouri Property Insurance Placement Facility (Missouri FAIR Plan)", "value_json": { "legal_name": "Missouri Property Insurance Placement Facility", "common_name": "Missouri FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://missourifairplan.com/", "source_name": "Missouri FAIR Plan", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Legal name 'Missouri Property Insurance Placement Facility' confirmed from plan's own website. Official URL is missourifairplan.com (not mofairplan.com which is the previously cited but incorrect URL)." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://missourifairplan.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://missourifairplan.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://missourifairplan.com/", "source_name": "Missouri FAIR Plan", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "missourifairplan.com confirmed as the official plan website. Office: Mon/Tue/Thu/Fri 8am-4pm (closed Wednesdays; drop box available). Phone: (314) 421-0170 local; (800) 392-7240 MO toll-free. Electronic applications via DocuSign for licensed agents." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Fire, lightning, wind, hail, explosion, riot, civil commotion, aircraft, vehicle, smoke, volcanic eruption, vandalism, and malicious mischief. Optional theft endorsement available ($25,000 limit) on dwelling policies that also carry contents coverage with extended coverage and vandalism/malicious mischief. Sinkhole loss coverage available as a standalone policy for dwellings. NOT covered: liability, earthquake, flood, backup of sewers or sumps.", "value_json": { "base_perils": [ "fire", "lightning", "wind", "hail", "explosion", "riot", "civil commotion", "aircraft", "vehicle", "smoke", "volcanic eruption", "vandalism", "malicious mischief" ], "optional": [ "theft endorsement (up to $25,000)", "sinkhole loss (standalone policy)" ], "exclusions": [ "liability", "earthquake", "flood", "backup of sewers or sumps" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://missourifairplan.com/general-information.html", "source_name": "Missouri FAIR Plan: Coverages page", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Perils list fetched directly from missourifairplan.com/general-information.html. Exclusions confirmed from same source. Sinkhole loss policy confirmed from consumers page." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "$200,000 (dwelling building + contents combined). Commercial: $1,000,000 (building + contents combined). Optional theft endorsement: $25,000. The statutory caps remain at these levels per RSMo Ch. 379 and the missourifairplan.com plan-information page; no enacted 2024-2025 cap-raise legislation has been identified.", "value_json": { "dwelling_max_usd": 200000, "dwelling_note": "building and contents combined limit", "commercial_max_usd": 1000000, "theft_endorsement_max_usd": 25000, "currency": "USD" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://missourifairplan.com/general-information.html", "source_name": "Missouri FAIR Plan: Coverages page", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Limit confirmed directly from missourifairplan.com: 'Policy limits, which are set by Missouri State Statute, are $200,000 for dwelling and $1,000,000 for commercial.' Per data-verifier-124 (2026-05-15): the prior `pending_change` block citing 'Missouri SB 1031 (2024 session)' as a proposed cap raise was REMOVED — SB 1031 with those $300K/$3M figures is from the 2010 session, not 2024. No enacted 2024-2025 cap-raise legislation has been identified. needs_rescan: true to catch any 2026 session proposals." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "typical, the Missouri FAIR Plan excludes liability. Applicants needing liability protection must obtain a separate liability policy from the standard market or E&S carrier. No formal DIC/wrap product marketed by name in Missouri.", "value_json": { "status": "typical", "liability_gap": "FAIR Plan excludes liability; separate policy needed", "formal_dic_product": false }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://missourifairplan.com/general-information.html", "source_name": "Missouri FAIR Plan: Coverages page", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Liability exclusion confirmed from plan coverages page." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Available to property owners unable to obtain basic property insurance through the standard admitted market. Property must meet minimum underwriting standards: no severe disrepair or significant unrepaired damage, satisfactory loss history, safe heating systems and electrical wiring, good housekeeping, no characteristics violating law or public policy. Vacant dwellings may be considered if satisfactorily maintained and monitored with functioning utilities and current property taxes. Foreclosed properties generally ineligible. No published fixed numeric declination count.", "value_json": { "rule": "unable to obtain coverage in the standard market + property meets underwriting standards", "disqualifiers": [ "severe disrepair", "significant unrepaired damage", "unsatisfactory loss history", "unsafe heating/electrical", "poor housekeeping", "foreclosed properties" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://missourifairplan.com/", "source_name": "Missouri FAIR Plan: Consumers page", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Eligibility requirements fetched directly from missourifairplan.com/consumers.html. Applicant must first attempt placement in the standard market." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through any licensed Missouri insurance agent or broker. Agents can establish a FAIR Plan account quickly. Referrals available by calling (314) 421-0170. Electronic applications submitted via DocuSign for active agents.", "value_json": { "channel": "any licensed MO insurance agent or broker", "info_url": "https://missourifairplan.com/", "phone": "(314) 421-0170", "tollfree": "(800) 392-7240", "electronic_submissions": "DocuSign for registered agents" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://missourifairplan.com/general-information.html", "source_name": "Missouri FAIR Plan: Coverages page", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Application process confirmed from plan website. DocuSign availability confirmed from homepage note." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market for narrower coverage (no liability). A last resort, not a price-competition alternative. Sinkhole coverage (relevant for Missouri's karst geology) may make the FAIR Plan the only option for some Ozarks-region properties.", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, narrower coverage (no liability); sinkhole coverage may be unique offering in some areas" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://missourifairplan.com/", "source_name": "Missouri FAIR Plan", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "General positioning from plan's self-description as last resort. Sinkhole rates were reduced significantly per MO DCI 2016 announcement, verify current sinkhole rate schedule." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Per III FY2024 reporting: approximately 2,125 policies in force, total exposure approximately $198 million. Financial results now reported on a calendar-year basis starting 2022 (quarterly income statements and balance sheets published). DocuSign electronic submission introduced for agents. Commercial rates listed as 'tentative' as of 2025-2026. No enacted 2024-2025 statutory cap-raise legislation has been identified; the $200K residential / $1M commercial limits per RSMo Ch. 379 remain operative.", "value_json": { "policies_in_force_fy2024": 2125, "exposure_fy2024_usd": 198262000, "recent_change": "DocuSign electronic submission introduced; quarterly calendar-year financial reporting adopted 2022", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Angela L. Nelson", "title": "Director of the Department of Commerce and Insurance", "confirmed_date": "2025-03-13", "predecessor": "Chlora Lindley-Myers (retired 2024-12-31 after serving since March 2017)", "source_url": "https://dci.mo.gov/about-dci/about-director-angela-l-nelson", "source_name": "Missouri Department of Commerce and Insurance - Director" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 8, "label": "8" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 11, "label": "11" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 10, "label": "10" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Missouri billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/MO", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/insurance-provided-by-fair-plans-by-state-fiscal-year-2024-1", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute (Fact Book, FY2024 reporting)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "Policy count and exposure from III FY2024 table. SB 1031 from search results, plan website still shows $200K, so enactment unconfirmed." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Residential property non-renewal in Missouri is governed by RSMo 379.845 (FAIR Plan-specific cancellation/non-renewal: 30 days minimum) and RSMo 375.004 (general residential property non-renewal: 30 days minimum, last amended H.B. 2194, 2016). RSMo 379.883 is commercial casualty and does NOT govern residential policies. Notice must state the actual specific reason with sufficient clarity. MO DCI Bulletin 25-10 (October 13, 2025) post-storm moratorium was rescinded effective June 1, 2026 by Bulletin 26-09 (May 29, 2026), following expiry of State of Emergency (Executive Order 26-13, extended EO 26-10 to May 31, 2026). DCI requests, but does not mandate, that insurers provide additional repair time where owners are actively working. Normal 30-day notice rules under RSMo 379.845 and 375.004 now apply statewide.", "value_json": { "statute_fair_plan_nonrenewal": "RSMo 379.845 (FAIR Plan-specific, 30-day minimum)", "statute_general_residential_nonrenewal": "RSMo 375.004 (general residential, 30-day minimum; last amended H.B. 2194, 2016)", "nonrenewal_notice_days": 30, "cancellation_notice_days": 30, "notice_content": "must state specific actual reason", "post_disaster_moratorium": "RESCINDED effective June 1, 2026 by MO DCI Bulletin 26-09 (May 29, 2026); moratorium (Bulletin 25-10, Oct 13 2025 + addendum Bulletin 25-11, Nov 4 2025) tied to State of Emergency EO 26-13 (extended to May 31, 2026); normal 30-day notice rules now apply statewide" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=379.845", "source_name": "RSMo 379.845 + RSMo 375.004 (Missouri Revisor of Statutes); MO DCI Bulletin 26-09 (2026-05-29, rescinds 25-10 and 25-11)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-21 (2026-05-16) CRITICAL P0: prior phrasing cited RSMo 379.883 (commercial casualty, 60-day) for residential non-renewal -- WRONG. Residential non-renewal is governed by RSMo 379.845 (FAIR Plan-specific, 30 days) and RSMo 375.004 (general residential, 30 days, last amended H.B. 2194 in 2016). Notice-period correction: 60 -> 30 days. Also: prior phrasing stated 'Missouri does NOT have a standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium', which was wrong as of October 2025. MO DCI Bulletin 25-10 (https://insurance.mo.gov/sites/insurance/files/2025-10/Bulletin%2025-10%20-%20Post%20Storm%20Cancellations%20and%20Non-Renewals.pdf) halted storm-related cancellations and non-renewals for properties damaged after 2025-03-01, until further notice. Bulletin not publicly rescinded as of 2026-05-16; needs_rescan: true to catch rescission when announced. Confidence dropped high -> medium pending statutory-language confirmation against the current revisor.mo.gov text." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Missouri has not experienced wholesale carrier exits but has seen rate increases driven by tornado and severe storm losses (Missouri lies in the central tornado corridor). No major national carrier announced a full Missouri homeowners exit as of May 2026. Some carriers have tightened underwriting for older St. Louis and Kansas City urban housing and for sinkhole-prone Ozarks properties.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": null, "action": "no confirmed major-carrier MO homeowners exit as of May 2026; rate pressure from tornado/severe storm losses and sinkhole exposure in Ozarks", "date": "2020-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.mo.gov/consumers/home/", "source_name": "Missouri Department of Commerce and Insurance", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No named-carrier exit verified. Needs annual check." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://insurance.mo.gov/consumers/", "value_json": { "url": "https://insurance.mo.gov/consumers/", "regulator": "Missouri Department of Commerce and Insurance" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.mo.gov/consumers/", "source_name": "Missouri Department of Commerce and Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Per data-verifier 74 (Group C, 2026-05-14): the prior /consumers/home/ URL returns 404; updated to the /consumers/ landing which is confirmed live. The FAIR Plan itself is at missourifairplan.com (covered in plan_website)." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "Mo. Rev. Stat. ch. 379.810 et seq. (Property Insurance Placement Facility / Missouri FAIR Plan). Non-renewal/cancellation: RSMo 379.883 and ch. 375.", "value_json": { "fair_plan_statute": "Mo. Rev. Stat. 379.810 et seq.", "nonrenewal_statute": "RSMo 379.845 (FAIR Plan-specific) + RSMo 375.004 (general residential); RSMo 379.883 cited in earlier compilation is commercial casualty and not applicable" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneChapter.aspx?chapter=379", "source_name": "Missouri Revisor of Statutes, Mo. Rev. Stat. ch. 379", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Statutory basis confirmed from PIPSO, search results, and MO FAIR Plan website. Established October 1969. 2026-05-16: source_url moved from missourifairplan.com (the FAIR Plan's own site) to revisor.mo.gov (Missouri Revisor of Statutes, official Legislature) per L13g-CRIT; § 379.810 (Property Insurance Placement Facility) confirmed listed on the chapter 379 index." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "The Missouri Property Insurance Placement Facility is funded by premiums and assessments on member insurers (all admitted MO property insurers, proportional to market share). No public (state/federal) funds. Unique features: (1) Standalone Sinkhole Loss policy for dwellings, covers actual physical damage from sudden settlement or collapse of earth due to subterranean voids in limestone/similar rock, relevant for Missouri's karst geology regions (Ozarks, Joplin area). (2) Farm Property coverage available. (3) Commercial rates listed as 'tentative' as of 2025-2026. Office closed Wednesdays; drop box available.", "value_json": { "structure": "not-for-profit association of all admitted MO property insurers; assessment-funded; no public funds", "unique_features": [ "standalone sinkhole loss policy", "farm property coverage available" ], "commercial_rates": "listed as tentative (verify current status)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://missourifairplan.com/general-information.html", "source_name": "Missouri FAIR Plan: Coverages page", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Sinkhole policy and farm property confirmed from plan coverages page. Commercial rates tentative confirmed from homepage note." } ] }, { "code": "MS", "name": "Mississippi", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/mississippi-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes, two separate mechanisms: (1) Mississippi Windstorm Underwriting Association (MWUA, 'Wind Pool') for wind/hail in 6 coastal counties; (2) Mississippi Residential Property Insurance Underwriting Association (MRPIUA, FAIR Plan) for fire/extended coverage statewide.", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "mechanisms": [ "Mississippi Windstorm Underwriting Association (MWUA, Wind Pool, coastal wind/hail, 6 counties)", "Mississippi Residential Property Insurance Underwriting Association (MRPIUA, FAIR Plan, fire/extended coverage, all counties)" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.msplans.com/", "source_name": "MS Plans (Mississippi Windstorm / Residential Property Insurance Underwriting Associations)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Both mechanisms confirmed from msplans.com, shared administrative umbrella. MWUA established 1987 by HB 274. MRPIUA is the inland FAIR Plan. Both operate under the MS Plans administrative structure." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "MWUA: Mississippi Windstorm Underwriting Association ('Wind Pool'); MRPIUA: Mississippi Residential Property Insurance Underwriting Association ('FAIR Plan'). Both administered under the 'MS Plans' umbrella.", "value_json": { "short": "Mississippi Wind Pool (MWUA) or FAIR Plan (MRPIUA)", "wind_pool": { "name": "Mississippi Windstorm Underwriting Association", "abbreviation": "MWUA", "established": 1987 }, "fair_plan": { "name": "Mississippi Residential Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "abbreviation": "MRPIUA" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.msplans.com/", "source_name": "MS Plans", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Names confirmed from msplans.com. These are distinct programs with different geographic scope, perils, and eligibility rules. `short` added 2026-05-14 for human-facing surfaces (AnswerBlock qualifier, HowTo step 4, body intro) — the long compound `value` is the ledger record, the `short` is the headline form." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.msplans.com/ (shared portal for both MWUA and MRPIUA). MWUA: https://www.msplans.com/mwua. MRPIUA: https://www.msplans.com/mrpiua.", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.msplans.com/", "mwua_url": "https://www.msplans.com/mwua", "mrpiua_url": "https://www.msplans.com/mrpiua" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.msplans.com/", "source_name": "MS Plans", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "URLs confirmed. msplans.com is the official shared administrative site." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "MWUA (Wind Pool): windstorm and hail ONLY, hurricane, tornado, severe thunderstorm wind/hail, for eligible property in 6 coastal counties. Does NOT cover fire, theft, liability, or flood. MWUA wind-only policies must be paired with a separate ex-wind homeowners/dwelling policy. MRPIUA (FAIR Plan): residential fire + extended coverage (fire, lightning, windstorm/hail where not coastally excluded, explosion, riot, civil commotion, aircraft, vehicles, smoke) for eligible dwellings in all 83 Mississippi counties. MRPIUA does NOT cover theft, liability, or vandalism/malicious mischief; those require a separate VMM endorsement where available. MRPIUA does NOT provide wind and hail for properties in Jackson, Harrison, and Hancock counties; those perils must be placed with MWUA. Neither plan covers flood or personal liability.", "value_json": { "mwua_perils": [ "windstorm", "hail" ], "mwua_scope": "6 coastal counties only", "mwua_exclusions": [ "fire", "theft", "liability", "flood" ], "mrpiua_perils": [ "fire", "lightning", "extended coverage (windstorm/hail where not coastally excluded, explosion, riot, civil commotion, aircraft, vehicles, smoke)" ], "mrpiua_perils_NOT_covered": [ "theft", "liability", "vandalism/malicious mischief (requires separate VMM endorsement)", "flood" ], "mrpiua_coastal_exclusion": "wind and hail excluded for Jackson, Harrison, and Hancock counties", "exclusions_both": [ "flood", "personal liability" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.msplans.com/mrpiua", "source_name": "MS Plans: MRPIUA page", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-131 (2026-05-15): MRPIUA does NOT cover vandalism/malicious mischief — that was wrongly listed under mrpiua_perils. Standard 'extended coverage' is fire+EC; VMM is a separate endorsement. PropertyCasualty360 State FAIR Plans reference explicitly states MRPIUA has 'no coverage for liability, theft or vandalism.' MWUA wind/hail-only scope confirmed from MWUA eligibility documentation. MRPIUA exclusion of wind/hail in Jackson, Harrison, and Hancock counties confirmed. Standard $1,000 deductible applies to all MRPIUA claims." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "MWUA: $1,000,000 (dwelling, 1-4 family) + $250,000 (contents) per location. Hurricane deductible: typically 2% of dwelling coverage (minimum); requests above 5% reviewed by management. MRPIUA: $200,000 (dwelling) + $75,000 (contents). MRPIUA settles claims on an actual cash value (ACV) basis: depreciated value, not full replacement cost. Standard deductible: $1,000 per claim.", "value_json": { "mwua_dwelling_max_usd": 1000000, "mwua_contents_max_usd": 250000, "mwua_hurricane_deductible": "2% of dwelling coverage (minimum)", "mrpiua_dwelling_max_usd": 200000, "mrpiua_contents_max_usd": 75000, "mrpiua_settlement_basis": "actual cash value (depreciated); not replacement cost", "mrpiua_standard_deductible_usd": 1000, "currency": "USD" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.msplans.com/mwua", "source_name": "MS Plans: MWUA", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "MWUA limits ($1M dwelling / $250K contents) from search results citing MWUA Manual of Rules and Procedures. MRPIUA limits ($200K dwelling / $75K contents) confirmed from search results citing MRPIUA Plan of Operations. MWUA hurricane deductible (2% minimum) from rules document citations. Policies with $500K+ MWUA coverage require mandatory $1,000 deductible. Confirm both sets of limits against most recent manuals, MWUA Plan of Operation updated April 2025." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "Yes, coastal Mississippi homeowners typically carry a three-policy stack: (1) MWUA wind-only policy; (2) separate ex-wind homeowners or dwelling fire policy for fire/theft/liability from a private insurer or MRPIUA; (3) NFIP or private flood policy. This three-policy stack is the standard approach in the 6 coastal counties and approximates comprehensive homeowners coverage at higher combined cost.", "value_json": { "status": "standard three-policy stack in coastal counties", "stack": [ "MWUA wind-only", "ex-wind homeowners/dwelling fire (private or MRPIUA)", "NFIP or private flood" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.msplans.com/mwua", "source_name": "MS Plans", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Three-policy stacking is the industry-standard approach in Mississippi's 6 coastal Wind Pool counties." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "MWUA: Property in one of 6 eligible coastal counties (Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Pearl River, George, Stone); applicant unable to obtain wind/hail from private market; property meets MWUA underwriting standards. Wind mitigation premium credits for documented improvements (FORTIFIED roof, secondary water barriers, opening protection). MRPIUA: Eligible dwellings in all 83 Mississippi counties; applicant unable to obtain residential fire/extended coverage in standard market; application must include two current color photographs (front and back of dwelling); payment in full required at application. MRPIUA will not cover any dwelling built over water. No fixed numeric declination count published by either plan.", "value_json": { "mwua_eligible_counties": [ "Hancock", "Harrison", "Jackson", "Pearl River", "George", "Stone" ], "mwua_rule": "unable to obtain wind/hail from private market + meets underwriting standards", "mwua_mitigation_credits": true, "mrpiua_rule": "unable to obtain fire/EC from standard market; all 83 MS counties; payment in full at application", "mrpiua_requirements": [ "2 current color photographs (front + back)", "payment in full at application" ], "mrpiua_ineligible": "dwellings built over water" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.msplans.com/mrpiua", "source_name": "MS Plans: MRPIUA page", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "MWUA 6-county list confirmed from multiple msplans.com sources. MRPIUA requirements (2 photos, full payment at application, no over-water dwellings) confirmed from search results citing MRPIUA FAQs." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through a Mississippi-licensed insurance agent resident in Mississippi. Neither MWUA nor MRPIUA sells directly to consumers. Agents find information and submit applications through msplans.com. MRPIUA requires payment in full at time of application.", "value_json": { "channel": "Mississippi-licensed resident insurance agent", "info_url": "https://www.msplans.com/", "direct_to_consumer": false }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.msplans.com/", "source_name": "MS Plans", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Agent-only access confirmed from MRPIUA FAQ descriptions." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "MWUA: more expensive than private wind market for most coastal properties; hurricane percentage deductibles (2-5%+ of dwelling value) add to effective cost. After the January 2026 +16% rate increase, coastal premiums rose further. For high-risk shoreline properties, MWUA is often the only wind/hail option regardless of price. MRPIUA: more expensive than the standard market for narrower coverage; $1,000 standard deductible applies to all claims.", "value_json": { "mwua_positioning": "more expensive than private wind market; 2-5%+ hurricane deductible; +16% rate increase effective Jan 2026", "mrpiua_positioning": "more expensive than standard market; $1,000 standard deductible" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://southernhomeimprovement.com/mississippi-windpool-16-what-to-do-before-you-renew-your-policy/", "source_name": "Southern Home Improvement (citing MWUA rate change effective Jan 2026)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "+16% MWUA rate increase effective January 1, 2026 confirmed from southernhomeimprovement.com. Hurricane deductible range (2-5%) from MWUA Rules and Procedures document citations." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Mississippi has TWO residual-market plans and they are different orders of magnitude. MRPIUA (FAIR Plan, statewide fire and EC for low-value/hard-to-place dwellings): ~2,237 habitational policies / ~$138M exposure per III FY2024 (III excludes MS commercial policies). MWUA (Beach/Windstorm Plan, wind-only for the 6 coastal counties): ~13,442 policies in force / ~$3.27 billion exposure / ~$46M direct premiums (III Beach and Windstorm Plans table FY2024) -- ~6x the MRPIUA policy count and ~24x the exposure. Key 2025-2026 changes: (1) MWUA implemented a +16% rate increase effective 2026-01-01, first significant increase in several years, driven by elevated hurricane reinsurance costs. (2) MWUA published an updated Plan of Operation effective 2025-04-01. (3) Mississippi SB 2409 ('Strengthen Mississippi Homes Act', passed both chambers unanimously April 2, 2026; signed by Governor Tate Reeves in April 2026; effective July 1, 2026) created a new MID-administered grant program: approximately $16M/year (funded by insurance industry fees), grants up to $10,000 per owner-occupied single-family home for FORTIFIED roof upgrades. Statewide program; expands the prior Comprehensive Hurricane Damage Mitigation Program. Grants begin flowing July 1, 2026 -- not yet available as of June 2026. Most significant MS insurance-adjacent development in years. (4) Wind mitigation credits and FORTIFIED roof requirements continue as premium offset mechanisms. Post-Hurricane Katrina (2005) restructuring added state appropriations and reinsurance to MWUA funding stack.", "value_json": { "mrpiua_policies_in_force_fy2024": 2237, "mrpiua_exposure_fy2024_usd": 137658000, "mwua_policies_in_force_fy2024": 13442, "mwua_exposure_fy2024_usd": 3270000000, "mwua_direct_premiums_fy2024_usd": 46000000, "iii_note": "III excludes MS commercial policies; habitational-only for MRPIUA; MWUA figures from III Beach and Windstorm Plans table", "mwua_rate_increase_2026": { "percent": 16, "effective": "2026-01-01" }, "mwua_plan_op_update": "effective 2025-04-01", "sb_2409_strengthen_mississippi_homes": { "passed_both_chambers": "2026-04-02", "signed": "2026-04", "effective_date": "2026-07-01", "grants_flowing_as_of_2026_06_18": false, "annual_funding_usd": 16000000, "annual_funding_note": "approximately $16M/year, funded by insurance industry fees", "max_grant_per_home_usd": 10000, "purpose": "FORTIFIED roof upgrades; expands prior Comprehensive Hurricane Damage Mitigation Program to cover hurricane, tornado, and catastrophic windstorm statewide", "administrator": "Mississippi Insurance Department (MID)", "eligible": "owner-occupied single-family primary residences with windstorm insurance; condominiums and manufactured homes excluded" }, "post_katrina_funding": "state appropriations + reinsurance added to MWUA stack", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Mike Chaney", "title": "Commissioner of Insurance and State Fire Marshal", "confirmed_date": "2024-01-09", "predecessor": "George Dale (lost 2007 Democratic primary; Chaney first elected November 2007, took office January 2008)", "source_url": "https://www.mid.ms.gov/mississippi-insurance-department/about-the-mississippi-insurance-department/divisions/office-of-the-commissioner/", "source_name": "Mississippi Insurance Department - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 9, "label": "9" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 6, "label": "6" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Mississippi billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/MS", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mid.ms.gov/mississippi-insurance-department/preparedness/mitigation/smh/", "source_name": "Mississippi Insurance Department - Strengthen Mississippi Homes (SB 2409) + III FY2024 FAIR Plans and Beach/Windstorm Plans tables", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier-131 (2026-05-15): added MWUA Beach/Windstorm figures (13,442 policies / $3.27B exposure) — prior framing showed only MRPIUA's 2,237 policies / $138M, understating MS residual market by ~6x policy count and ~24x exposure. Also added SB 2409 'Strengthen Mississippi Homes' (signed April 2026; $16M/year FORTIFIED grant program; modeled on Alabama) — the most significant MS insurance-adjacent development in years. +16% MWUA rate increase confirmed from southernhomeimprovement.com. April 2025 Plan of Operation update from MWUA section of msplans.com." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Governed by Miss. Code 83-5-28 as amended by Mississippi HB 1611 (2025 session, signed by the Governor 2025-03-21, effective 2025-07-01). The 45-day notice requirement is now in effect for all personal-lines property and casualty policies: carriers must give 45 days written notice before any cancellation, reduction in coverage, or non-renewal. Non-payment cancellation remains 10 days where there is a named creditor loss payee. Mississippi does not have a standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium. Mississippi also enacted Miss. Code 83-5-26 in 2024 (SB 2130, effective 2024-07-01) prohibiting insurers from refusing to issue or renew homeowners policies solely on roof age provided an inspection shows 5 or more years of useful life remaining (MID Bulletin 2024-2).", "value_json": { "statute": "Miss. Code 83-5-28 (HB 1611, 2025) + Miss. Code 83-5-26 / SB 2130 (2024)", "current_nonrenewal_notice_days": 45, "current_nonpayment_notice_days": 10, "hb1611_signed_date": "2025-03-21", "hb1611_effective_date": "2025-07-01", "hb1611_in_effect": true, "post_disaster_moratorium": "none standing", "roof_age_protection": "Miss. Code 83-5-26 / SB 2130 (2024), effective 2024-07-01; no refusal to issue or renew solely on roof age if inspection shows 5+ years useful life (MID Bulletin 2024-2)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2025/html/HB/1600-1699/HB1611SG.htm", "source_name": "Mississippi HB 1611 (2025 Regular Session; signed 2025-03-21; effective 2025-07-01) + SB 2130 (2024) + MID Bulletin 2024-2", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-21 (2026-05-16): clarified the value text now flags BOTH regimes (the current 30-day rule for policies issued/renewed through 2026-06-30 AND the 45-day rule starting 2026-07-01 -- transition is within weeks of this entry). Added SB 2130 / Miss. Code §83-5-26 (2024) roof-age-ban (critical to coastal MS underwriting, was entirely missing from recent_changes). Per data-verifier-131 (2026-05-15): Governor signed date 2025-03-21 was added then. source_url billstatus.ls.state.ms.us host returned TLS cert error on automated fetch but is the canonical MS Legislature primary per L13g (NOT Justia/FindLaw); needs_rescan: true to re-check when the MS cert issue is resolved." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Mississippi has not seen wholesale carrier exits. Market stress is concentrated in the 6 MWUA coastal counties, where carriers have progressively tightened underwriting since Katrina (2005): raising hurricane percentage deductibles, restricting coastal new business, tightening roof-age underwriting, non-renewing some high-exposure shoreline properties. No major national carrier announced a full Mississippi homeowners exit as of May 2026.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": null, "action": "no confirmed major-carrier MS homeowners exit as of May 2026; pressure concentrated in 6 coastal MWUA counties, carriers raising hurricane deductibles, restricting coastal new business, tightening roof-age underwriting post-Katrina", "date": "2005-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mid.ms.gov/", "source_name": "Mississippi Insurance Department", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Pattern of coastal underwriting tightening post-Katrina is well-documented. No specific named-carrier exit verified." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://www.mid.ms.gov/mississippi-insurance-department/consumers/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.mid.ms.gov/mississippi-insurance-department/consumers/", "regulator": "Mississippi Insurance Department" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mid.ms.gov/", "source_name": "Mississippi Insurance Department", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "MID is the insurance regulator. Verify exact consumer deep link at time of publication." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "MWUA funding: layered stack, premiums, reinsurance (large annual reinsurance program for hurricane losses), state appropriations (added post-Katrina 2005), and member-insurer assessments (all admitted MS property insurers by market share). MRPIUA: funded by premiums + member-insurer assessments; no state appropriations. FORTIFIED roof-deck sealing and wind mitigation required for new MWUA construction; premium credits and state grant programs available for upgrades. MWUA covers 6 counties; MRPIUA covers all 83 Mississippi counties (wind/hail excluded in 3 innermost coastal counties). The two plans together approximate a full property insurance program for coastal Mississippi homeowners who cannot access the private market.", "value_json": { "mwua_funding": "premiums + reinsurance + state appropriations (added post-Katrina) + member-insurer assessments", "mrpiua_funding": "premiums + member-insurer assessments; no state appropriations", "mitigation": "FORTIFIED / roof-deck-sealing mandatory for new MWUA construction; premium credits + state grants for upgrades", "geographic_complement": "MWUA (6 coastal counties, wind/hail) + MRPIUA (all 83 counties, fire/EC, excluding wind/hail in 3 coastal counties)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.msplans.com/mwua", "source_name": "MS Plans: MWUA", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Post-Katrina funding restructuring and FORTIFIED requirements are well-documented. Funding stack details should be confirmed against most recent MWUA Member Participation Manual." }, { "field": "title_override", "value": "Mississippi FAIR Plan & Wind Pool (MWUA): coverage & cost", "value_json": { "title": "Mississippi FAIR Plan & Wind Pool (MWUA): coverage & cost", "meta_description": "Mississippi FAIR Plan (MRPIUA) and Wind Pool (MWUA): what each covers, who qualifies, and how coastal homeowners stack the two policies.", "h1": "Mississippi FAIR Plan & Wind Pool: coverage, cost, who qualifies" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.msplans.com/", "source_name": "MS Plans (Mississippi Windstorm / Residential Property Insurance Underwriting Associations)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Title / H1 / meta override carrying the colloquial 'Wind Pool' keyword space alongside the legal MWUA/MRPIUA names. Rule: .claude/rules/content-pages.md (use the colloquial alongside the legal name). Both names confirmed on msplans.com. Moved out of niche.ts into per-state JSON 2026-05-14 (architect 46 P0-1)." }, { "field": "colloquial_primer", "value": "Coastal Mississippi homeowners almost always say 'Wind Pool' when they mean the Mississippi Windstorm Underwriting Association (MWUA). Inland, the FAIR Plan is a separate program: the Mississippi Residential Property Insurance Underwriting Association (MRPIUA).", "value_json": { "heading": "What Mississippians call “the Wind Pool”", "paragraphs": [ "Coastal Mississippi homeowners almost always say “Wind Pool” when they mean the Mississippi Windstorm Underwriting Association (MWUA). It is the state-chartered residual market for wind and hail only, in the six coastal counties: Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Pearl River, George, and Stone. The MWUA writes a wind-only policy when the standard market will not; it does not cover fire, theft, liability, or flood.", "Inland, the FAIR Plan is a separate program: the Mississippi Residential Property Insurance Underwriting Association (MRPIUA), which writes fire and extended coverage statewide but excludes wind and hail in the three innermost coastal counties (Hancock, Harrison, Jackson). Coastal owners typically stack three policies: an MWUA wind-only policy, an ex-wind homeowners or dwelling-fire policy from a private carrier or the MRPIUA, and an NFIP or private flood policy." ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.msplans.com/mwua", "source_name": "MS Plans: MWUA + MRPIUA pages", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Plain-language colloquial primer rendered as a dedicated H2 on /mississippi-fair-plan/. Facts derive from existing data_points on this state (county list from eligibility_rule.value_json.mwua_eligible_counties; three-policy stack from wrap_dic_available; MRPIUA coastal exclusion from perils_covered.value_json.mrpiua_coastal_exclusion). Moved out of [state]-fair-plan.astro IIFE into per-state JSON 2026-05-14 (architect 46 P0-1)." } ] }, { "code": "MT", "name": "Montana", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/montana-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "no", "value_json": { "status": "no", "note": "Montana has no state FAIR Plan and no state-backed insurer of last resort for homeowners. MT is not a PIPSO member. Coverage of last resort flows through the surplus-lines (non-admitted) market, overseen by the Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance (CSI) under Title 33, Chapter 2, Part 3, MCA." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://csimt.gov/insurance/surplus-lines/", "source_name": "Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance, Surplus Lines", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Cross-checked against PIPSO's national member list (Montana is not a member) and the CSI surplus-lines program page. Confirmed by Commissioner James Brown's May 2025 op-ed, which explicitly directs homeowners to surplus lines if standard coverage is unavailable." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "no plan", "value_json": { "name": null, "note": "No Montana FAIR Plan exists; coverage of last resort is the surplus-lines / non-admitted (E&S) market, placed by Montana-licensed surplus-lines producers and overseen by CSI under Title 33, Chapter 2, Part 3, MCA." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://csimt.gov/insurance/surplus-lines/", "source_name": "Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance, Surplus Lines", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "HB 60 (signed Feb 27, 2025) further allows Montana-domiciled insurers with $15M+ capital and surplus to be designated domestic surplus-lines insurers; this expands but does not replace the existing non-admitted-only path." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "no plan website; the CSI surplus-lines page at csimt.gov/insurance/surplus-lines is the closest equivalent", "value_json": { "url": null, "csi_surplus_lines_page": "https://csimt.gov/insurance/surplus-lines/", "csi_consumer_page": "https://csimt.gov/insurance/", "eligible_surplus_lines_company_list": "https://csimt.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Eligible-Surplus-Lines-Companies.pdf" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://csimt.gov/insurance/surplus-lines/", "source_name": "Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "There is no Montana FAIR Plan website because there is no MT FAIR Plan. CSI publishes the Eligible Surplus Lines Companies list (refreshed periodically; the January 2025 edition is the current published version as of mid-2025)." }, { "field": "residual_market_structure", "value": "Surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S) market; no FAIR Plan, no JUA, no state-backed insurer of last resort. MT is not a PIPSO member.", "value_json": { "primary_path": "surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S)", "regulator": "Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance (CSI), Office of the Montana State Auditor", "surplus_lines_statute": "Title 33, Chapter 2, Part 3, MCA", "administrative_rules": "ARM Chapter 6.6 Subchapter 6.6.28", "no_fair_plan": true, "no_jua": true, "pipso_member": false, "csi_consumer_fallback": "CSI maintains a publicly downloadable Eligible Surplus Lines Companies list" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://csimt.gov/insurance/surplus-lines/", "source_name": "Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "When admitted carriers decline a Montana property, a CSI-licensed surplus-lines producer can place the risk with an eligible non-admitted insurer. Surplus-lines policies are not backed by the Montana Insurance Guaranty Association (Title 33, Chapter 10, MCA)." }, { "field": "regulatory_authority", "value": "Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance (CSI), Office of the Montana State Auditor", "value_json": { "name": "Office of the Montana State Auditor, Commissioner of Securities and Insurance", "abbrev": "CSI", "url": "https://csimt.gov/", "address": "840 Helena Avenue, Helena, MT 59601", "main_phone": "(406) 444-2040", "consumer_hotline": "(800) 332-6148", "fax": "(406) 444-1980", "email": "ics@mt.gov", "structure": "Montana is unusual in that the State Auditor (an independently elected statewide officer) serves ex officio as Commissioner of Securities and Insurance" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://csimt.gov/insurance-complaints-fraud/", "source_name": "Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "CSI regulates insurance and securities; the dual State-Auditor / Insurance-Commissioner structure mirrors Mississippi and Oklahoma. Address and phone verified from CSI's own complaints page." }, { "field": "commissioner", "value": "James Brown", "value_json": { "name": "James Brown", "title": "Commissioner of Securities and Insurance / Montana State Auditor", "took_office": "2025-01-06", "term_ends": "2029-01-01", "elected": "2024-11-05", "party": "Republican", "of": "Dillon, Montana", "rank_among_mt_auditors": "18th", "predecessor": "Troy Downing (2021 to 2025)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://csimt.gov/2025/01/02/montana-state-auditor-elect-james-brown-announcesagency-senior-management-team/", "source_name": "Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Brown defeated Democrat John Repke on Nov 5, 2024 and was sworn in Jan 6, 2025. Previously served as a Public Service Commissioner and chair of the Montana Republican Party. Confirmed against Ballotpedia and the NAIC commissioner directory." }, { "field": "DOI_contact", "value": "CSI Consumer Advocates: (800) 332-6148 (toll-free) or (406) 444-2040 (main). Email: ics@mt.gov. File a complaint online via NAIC SBS or via the printable PDF; mail to 840 Helena Avenue, Helena, MT 59601; fax (406) 444-1980.", "value_json": { "main_phone": "(406) 444-2040", "consumer_hotline": "(800) 332-6148", "fax": "(406) 444-1980", "email": "ics@mt.gov", "online_complaint_url": "https://sbs.naic.org/solar-web/pages/public/onlineComplaintForm/onlineComplaintForm.jsf?state=MT", "printable_form": "https://csimt.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/insurance-inquiry_complaint-form.pdf", "address": "840 Helena Avenue, Helena, MT 59601" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://csimt.gov/insurance-complaints-fraud/", "source_name": "Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "All formal complaints must be in writing (online or paper). Consumer Advocates take phone calls for guidance but not formal complaints over the phone." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Montana requires at least 45 days' written notice before an insurer can cancel or refuse to renew any homeowners, fire, theft, or liability policy on a home occupied by the insured as a domicile (the statutory term; includes both owner-occupied and renter-occupied homes used as a domicile), with the specific reason(s) stated in the notice. The notice may be as short as 20 days for cancellation due to nonpayment of premium. The rule is set by MCA 33-23-401.", "value_json": { "nonrenewal_notice_days": 45, "cancellation_notice_days": 45, "short_notice_days_nonpayment": 20, "statute_notice": "MCA 33-23-401", "scope": "fire, homeowners, theft, and liability insurance on a home occupied by the insured as a domicile (statutory term; covers owner-occupied AND renter-occupied)", "specific_reason_required": true, "post_disaster_moratorium": "no standing statutory moratorium; CSI advisory opinions on a case-by-case basis (see July 2025 wildfire advisory)", "rate_approval_regime": "file-and-use with prior-approval triggers (MCA 33-16-203)" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0330/chapter_0230/part_0040/section_0010/0330-0230-0040-0010.html", "source_name": "Montana Code Annotated MCA 33-23-401", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Statute language: insurer may not cancel or refuse to renew without first giving 45 days' notice in writing including a statement of the specific reason(s); 20-day floor applies only to cancellation for nonpayment. The 45-day requirement is stricter than the 30-day floor in many other states." }, { "field": "rate_approval_regime", "value": "Montana is a file-and-use state for personal-lines property and casualty rates under MCA 33-16-203, with prior-approval triggers for filings below the designated advisory-organization loss costs. Most homeowners filings take effect after a 30-day waiting period unless disapproved by CSI; CSI may extend the waiting period.", "value_json": { "regime": "file-and-use with prior-approval triggers", "primary_statute": "MCA 33-16-203 (rates filed) and MCA 33-16-201 (standards applicable to rates)", "default_waiting_period_days": 30, "below_advisory_loss_cost_filings": "subject to prior approval", "claims_history_lookback_cap_years": 7, "csi_authority": "CSI may approve, disapprove, or require modification; rates must not be excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://csimt.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/P-C-Rate-Rule-Filing-Guide.pdf", "source_name": "Montana CSI P&C Rate and Rule Filing Guide", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Personal homeowners filings may not use claims-history information that is 7 years old or older as adverse rating data per MCA 33-16-201. File-and-use is a meaningfully weaker consumer protection than NH's prior-approval regime." }, { "field": "premium_baseline", "value": "Montana's average annual homeowners premium is approximately $2,754 in 2025, roughly 15% above the national average of about $2,395, per insurer rate-filing data (Quadrant Information Services, sourced from insurer filings, February 2026; rate-change history from S&P Global Market Intelligence RateWatch using NAIC annual data). Montana's 2025 rate increase was approximately 0.5% following a 22.1% jump in 2024, the latter tied for the largest one-year increase nationally.", "value_json": { "avg_annual_premium_2025_usd": 2754, "national_avg_2025_usd": 2395, "pct_above_national": 15, "rate_increase_2025_pct": 0.5, "rate_increase_2024_pct": 22.1, "source_vendors": "S&P Global Market Intelligence RateWatch; Quadrant Information Services" }, "unit": "USD", "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/fact-statistic/facts-statistics-homeowners-and-renters-insurance", "source_name": "Quadrant Information Services / S&P Global Market Intelligence RateWatch (insurer rate-filing data); national context per Insurance Information Institute", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Methodology gap: LendingTree and a secondary aggregator aggregate from NAIC filings and Quadrant quotes respectively; the underlying NAIC data is authoritative but the headline state averages differ by ~$1,400 due to dwelling-value assumption. No primary CSI-published statewide average homeowners premium PDF was located as of May 2026; rescan when CSI publishes its next Property Insurance Summary." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Montana has not seen named California-style mass-exit announcements (no Allstate / State Farm public pullback by name), but Commissioner Brown's July 2025 advisory and Senate Budget Committee Dec 2024 staff report both flag that some carriers are non-renewing homeowners in high-risk wildfire zones (notably the Big Sky / Gallatin / Flathead / Missoula / Ravalli corridor) and some have stopped writing new policies in those areas. The pattern is selective non-renewal and new-business shutdown rather than wholesale exit.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "(market aggregate)", "action": "some carriers stopped writing new policies in select high-risk wildfire regions including Big Sky", "date": "2024 to 2025", "source": "CSI Commissioner Brown May 2025 op-ed; Senate Budget Committee Dec 2024 staff report" }, { "carrier": "(no specific named exits)", "action": "no California-style public mass-withdrawal announcement located as of May 2026", "date": "2023 to 2026", "source": "CSI press releases; news search" }, { "carrier": "(advisory enforcement)", "action": "CSI issued July 2, 2025 advisory opinion warning insurers against blanket wildfire-based non-renewals after Jericho Mountain Fire complaints", "date": "2025-07-02", "source": "Commissioner Brown advisory; NBC Montana" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://csimt.gov/2025/05/24/protecting-your-home-amid-rising-insurance-costs-and-wildfire-risks/", "source_name": "Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance / NBC Montana / Senate Budget Committee", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Carrier-level disclosure in MT is thin compared to CA. The Senate Budget Committee Dec 2024 report (county-level 2018 to 2023 data from 23 carriers, ~65% of national market) flags Montana as among the states with rising non-renewal pressure but per-state percentage was not published in the press summary. CSI does not publish a Senate-Budget-Committee-format non-renewal-rate figure." }, { "field": "wildfire_exposure", "value": "Montana ranks among the highest-risk U.S. states for wildfire exposure on a per-home basis. Per Headwaters Economics, more than 120,000 Montana homes (roughly one in three) face moderate-to-high wildfire risk. Multiple secondary aggregators rank Montana second nationally for the percentage of homes at risk of catastrophic wildfire damage, with over 50% of properties cited as vulnerable. Nearly 70% of recorded Montana wildfires have occurred since 2000. Highest-risk counties: Flathead, Missoula, Ravalli, Gallatin, Yellowstone; Madison County WUI development has grown 580% since 1990 and Gallatin 367%.", "value_json": { "homes_moderate_high_risk": 120000, "homes_risk_share_state_pct_approx": 33, "share_of_recorded_wildfires_since_2000_pct": 70, "cotality_2025_inclusion": false, "cotality_top_5_western_states_homes_at_risk": { "CA": 1300000, "CO": 319000, "TX": 243000, "OR": 128000, "AZ": 124000 }, "highest_risk_counties": [ "Flathead", "Missoula", "Ravalli", "Gallatin", "Yellowstone", "Madison" ], "wui_growth_since_1990_pct_by_county": { "Madison": 580, "Gallatin": 367, "Ravalli": 97, "Missoula": 72 }, "data_sources": [ "Headwaters Economics", "Cotality 2025 Wildfire Risk Report (Western 14 focus)", "CSI Commissioner Brown 2025 op-ed" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://headwaterseconomics.org/natural-hazards/montana-wildfire-risk-widespread/", "source_name": "Headwaters Economics / Cotality 2025 Wildfire Risk Report", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Cotality's 2025 national report focuses on 14 Western states and ranks home count rather than per-capita share; MT does not crack the top-5 by absolute home count but is consistently among the top per-capita wildfire-risk states. The Headwaters Economics 120,000-homes / one-in-three figure is the most-cited primary-research number." }, { "field": "wildfire_2024_season", "value": "The 2024 Montana wildfire season burned approximately 157,845 acres across 2,131 fires. Five largest events: Deadman Fire (19,982 ac), McGhee Fire (19,223 ac), Horse Gulch Fire near Canyon Ferry (15,167 ac), Daly Fire (11,386 ac), Johnson Fire (8,438 ac). One firefighter fatality (pilot Juliana Turchetti on the Horse Gulch Fire). Roughly 700 fires were lightning-caused and 1,300 human-caused.", "value_json": { "total_fires": 2131, "total_acres_burned": 157845, "total_hectares_burned": 63878, "fatalities": 1, "largest_fires_by_acreage": [ { "name": "Deadman Fire", "acres": 19982 }, { "name": "McGhee Fire", "acres": 19223 }, { "name": "Horse Gulch Fire", "acres": 15167, "location": "near Canyon Ferry" }, { "name": "Daly Fire", "acres": 11386 }, { "name": "Johnson Fire", "acres": 8438 } ], "lightning_caused_approx": 700, "human_caused_approx": 1300 }, "unit": "acres", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Montana_wildfires", "source_name": "2024 Montana Wildfires (Wikipedia, citing NIFC and DNRC)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Acreage and fire-count totals vary by source: a parallel KPAX/DNRC summary cited 2,323 incidents and 352,491 acres or 344,466 acres. Wikipedia's 157,845-acre / 2,131-fire figures are the most-recently-updated Wikipedia compilation. Treat as approximate; rescan against NIFC 2024 annual report when finalized." }, { "field": "wildfire_2025_season", "value": "The 2025 Montana wildfire season was below normal by area but slightly above normal by fire count: roughly 76,000 acres burned (fourth-lowest in 15 years) across approximately 2,200 fires (sixth-highest in 15 years). Largest fire was the Windy Rock Fire west of Helena in Powell County at 6,175 acres; McAllister Fire burned 3,560+ acres. The Jericho Mountain Fire prompted Commissioner Brown's July 2, 2025 advisory opinion against blanket wildfire-based non-renewals.", "value_json": { "total_acres_burned_approx": 76000, "total_fires_approx": 2200, "rank_among_last_15_years_by_acres": "4th lowest", "rank_among_last_15_years_by_fire_count": "6th highest", "largest_fires": [ { "name": "Windy Rock Fire", "acres": 6175, "location": "Powell County, west of Helena" }, { "name": "McAllister Fire", "acres_min": 3560 } ], "policy_significant_event": { "name": "Jericho Mountain Fire", "trigger_for": "CSI advisory opinion against blanket wildfire-based non-renewals (Brown, July 2, 2025)" } }, "unit": "acres", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Montana_wildfires", "source_name": "2025 Montana Wildfires / Montana DNRC season recap", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "2025 was a relatively mild fire year by area burned but high by count; the policy story (Brown's moratorium-style advisory after Jericho Mountain Fire) is the lasting consequence rather than the acreage." }, { "field": "post_disaster_protection", "value": "Montana has no standing statutory post-disaster nonrenewal moratorium analogous to California Cal. Ins. Code Section 675.1. Commissioner Brown invoked his administrative authority under the insurance code on July 2, 2025 to issue an advisory opinion reminding insurers they cannot cancel or refuse to renew property policies based solely on a perceived imminent wildfire threat when the fire is not adjacent to the insured property. The advisory was prompted by complaints during the Jericho Mountain Fire (Lewis and Clark County). It is administrative guidance, not a statutory moratorium with a fixed end date.", "value_json": { "standing_moratorium": false, "moratorium_authority_statute": "none specific to wildfire", "advisory_opinion_2025_07_09": { "issuer": "Commissioner James Brown", "trigger": "Jericho Mountain Fire complaints", "rule": "insurers cannot deny or refuse to renew property insurance solely based on wildfire risk unless the property faces a substantially increased threat", "format": "advisory opinion (administrative guidance)", "end_date": "not specified" }, "contrast_ca": "California Cal. Ins. Code Section 675.1 imposes a one-year post-declared-wildfire nonrenewal moratorium in affected ZIP codes by statute" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://csimt.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Insurance-Refusals-and-Wildfire-Risks_7-2025.pdf", "source_name": "Montana CSI Advisory Opinion (July 2025) on Insurance Refusals and Wildfire Risks", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Primary CSI advisory PDF located (csimt.gov, July 2025). The document is dated early July 2025; the July 9 date used elsewhere in this dataset reflects press-cycle date (NBC Montana / Hilinetoday) while the CSI document itself is filed under a July 2025 timestamp. Brown styled the action as a moratorium in press but it functions as an advisory opinion invoking his authority to enforce existing law; it lacks the statutory teeth of California Section 675.1." }, { "field": "mitigation_credits", "value": "House Bill 136 (2025; signed by Governor Gianforte, chapter number assigned April 7, 2025) authorizes Montana homeowners insurers to offer premium reductions to policyholders who invest in wildfire mitigation and resilient construction (ignition-resistant roofs, fire-resistant siding, defensible space). The law is permissive, not mandatory: it allows discounts but does not require carriers to grant them. HB 533 separately requires insurers to disclose the wildfire risk score, score range, score authorship, and score date to a current or prospective homeowner within 30 days of request.", "value_json": { "mandate": "permissive (allows but does not require discounts)", "primary_bill": { "bill": "HB 136", "session": "2025 (69th Legislature)", "title": "Revise property insurance laws relating to preventative measures to reduce damage", "chapter_assigned_date": "2025-04-07", "signed_by": "Governor Greg Gianforte", "effective_date_note": "operative during 2025; consult MTFP Capitol Tracker for exact effective date" }, "related_disclosure_bill": { "bill": "HB 533", "rule": "insurer must disclose wildfire risk score, possible future range, score creator, score date, and methodology to current or prospective homeowner within 30 days of request" }, "qualifying_measures_examples": [ "ignition-resistant roofing", "fire-resistant siding", "defensible space landscaping" ], "contrast_ca": "California requires recognition of community-mitigation efforts under Safer From Wildfires regulation (10 CCR Section 2644.9)", "contrast_az": "Arizona's Resiliency and Mitigation Council (Dec 2024 to Dec 2025) recommended state grants/loans/tax credits over a FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://projects.montanafreepress.org/capitol-tracker-2025/bills/hb-136/", "source_name": "Montana Free Press 2025 Capitol Tracker / Montana CSI", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "HB 136 is permissive rather than mandatory; whether any major carrier rolls out a HB-136 discount filing is the leading 2026 watch item. HB 533's risk-score-disclosure mandate is structurally important because it forces transparency about black-box wildfire scoring models." }, { "field": "recent_legislation", "value": "2025 (69th Legislature) wildfire-and-insurance package: HB 60 (signed Feb 27, 2025) allows formation of Montana-domiciled domestic surplus-lines insurers with at least $15M capital and surplus; HB 136 (chapter assigned April 7, 2025) authorizes voluntary insurer discounts for wildfire-resilient construction and defensible space; HB 533 requires insurers to disclose wildfire risk scores and methodology within 30 days of a homeowner's request; HB 490 (signed May 13, 2025) codifies utility wildfire liability law; HJ 61 directs the Legislative Council to study property-insurance rate increases and stabilization strategies.", "value_json": { "session": "2025 Regular Session (69th Legislature)", "signing_governor": "Greg Gianforte", "bills": [ { "bill": "HB 60", "title": "Domestic surplus lines insurers", "signed_date": "2025-02-27", "key_provision": "allows MT-domiciled insurers with $15M+ capital and surplus to be designated domestic surplus-lines insurers via CSI written approval" }, { "bill": "HB 136", "title": "Revise property insurance laws relating to preventative measures to reduce damage", "chapter_assigned_date": "2025-04-07", "key_provision": "authorizes voluntary insurer premium discounts for wildfire mitigation and resilient construction" }, { "bill": "HB 533", "session_law": "Ch. 485, L. 2025", "codified_as": "MCA 33-16-117", "title": "Wildfire risk score disclosure", "key_provision": "insurer must disclose wildfire risk score, future range, authorship, date, and methodology within 30 days of homeowner request" }, { "bill": "HB 490", "title": "Wildfire liability (utility)", "signed_date": "2025-05-13", "key_provision": "codifies utility-company liability framework for wildfires" }, { "bill": "HJ 61", "title": "Study rate increases and stabilization strategies", "key_provision": "tasks Legislative Council with studying property-insurance rate increases and identifying stabilization strategies" } ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://projects.montanafreepress.org/capitol-tracker-2025/all-bills/", "source_name": "Montana Free Press 2025 Capitol Tracker / CSI", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The HJ 61 study is the forward-looking signal: a serious legislative interim study on stabilization strategies could produce a 2027 session bill creating mitigation grants, a state reinsurance backstop, or (less likely) a FAIR Plan. No FAIR Plan bill was introduced in 2025." }, { "field": "surplus_lines_role", "value": "Surplus lines is the de facto coverage-of-last-resort path in Montana for homeowners that admitted carriers decline. CSI maintains a publicly downloadable Eligible Surplus Lines Companies list (most recent edition June 2025). Surplus-lines transactions are taxed at 2.75% premium plus 0.175% SLIP+ transaction fee, with a 2.50% fire tax on the fire-coverage portion; tax payments are due April 1 each year. Effective January 1, 2026, CSI moves all surplus-lines filings and payments to the SLIP+ for States platform.", "value_json": { "regulator": "Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance (CSI)", "statute": "Title 33, Chapter 2, Part 3, MCA", "administrative_rules": "ARM Chapter 6.6 Subchapter 6.6.28", "premium_tax_pct": 2.75, "fire_tax_pct": 2.5, "slip_plus_transaction_fee_pct": 0.175, "legal_professional_liability_tax_pct": 0.75, "annual_filing_deadline": "April 1", "eligible_company_list_url": "https://csimt.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Eligible-Surplus-Lines-Companies.pdf", "platform_change_effective": "2026-01-01 (SLIP+ for States adoption)", "guaranty_fund_note": "Surplus lines policies are not backed by the Montana Insurance Guaranty Association" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://csimt.gov/insurance/surplus-lines/", "source_name": "Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance, Surplus Lines", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 2.75% premium tax plus 2.50% fire-coverage tax stacks meaningfully on a wildfire-exposed home; a $4,000 surplus-lines policy with $3,000 of fire premium would carry roughly $185 in MT taxes and fees on top of premium. HB 60 (Feb 2025) further enables MT-domiciled domestic surplus-lines insurers." }, { "field": "guaranty_fund", "value": "Montana Insurance Guaranty Association (MIGA) covers claims against insolvent admitted property/casualty carriers under MCA Title 33, Chapter 10 (adopted 1971 from the NAIC model act). MIGA does not cover surplus-lines / non-admitted carriers or policies purchased from unlicensed insurers. MIGA is administered out of a Denver office at 1873 S Bellaire St Ste 920, Denver CO 80222.", "value_json": { "fund_name": "Montana Insurance Guaranty Association", "abbrev": "MIGA", "statute": "Title 33, Chapter 10, MCA (originally adopted 1971)", "model_act_origin": "NAIC model act", "covers": "admitted (licensed) property and casualty insurers", "does_not_cover": "surplus-lines / non-admitted (E&S) insurers; life, health, annuity (handled by separate Montana Life & Health Insurance Guaranty Association)", "administrator_address": "1873 S Bellaire St Ste 920, Denver, CO 80222-4386", "phone": "(800) 303-7565", "secondary_phone": "(303) 759-5066" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mtiga.org/", "source_name": "Montana Insurance Guaranty Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Critical consumer-protection delta: a Montana homeowner forced into the surplus-lines market by a non-renewal loses MIGA backstop. This is the practical price of MT having no FAIR Plan and no JUA: the residual-market exit ramp is surplus lines, but surplus lines is not guaranty-fund-covered." }, { "field": "consumer_guidance", "value": "If admitted carriers decline you in Montana, your options are: (1) shop with an independent agent or use CSI's consumer page (multiple admitted carriers including Mountain West Farm Bureau, State Farm, Farmers, Allstate, Travelers, and Chubb still write in Montana); (2) work with a Montana-licensed surplus-lines producer who can place coverage with a non-admitted insurer on CSI's Eligible Surplus Lines Companies list, recognizing that surplus-lines policies are not backed by the Montana Insurance Guaranty Association; (3) file a complaint with CSI Consumer Advocates at (800) 332-6148 or via the NAIC online complaint form if you believe a cancellation or nonrenewal violated MCA 33-23-401 (45-day notice / specific-reason rule), especially if the carrier cited a wildfire many miles away (see Commissioner Brown's July 2, 2025 advisory); (4) ask whether your carrier offers a HB 136 wildfire-mitigation discount and request your wildfire risk score under HB 533.", "value_json": { "options": [ "shop independent agent (multiple admitted carriers including MWFBI, State Farm, Farmers, Allstate, Travelers, Chubb still active)", "surplus lines via licensed Montana producer (no MIGA backing)", "complaint to CSI Consumer Advocates (800) 332-6148 if MCA 33-23-401 violated", "ask carrier about HB 136 wildfire-mitigation discount and request wildfire-risk-score disclosure under HB 533" ], "no_fair_plan_fallback": true, "statutes": [ "MCA 33-23-401", "Title 33 Chapter 2 Part 3", "Title 33 Chapter 10", "MCA 33-16-201", "MCA 33-16-203", "HB 60 (2025)", "HB 136 (2025)", "HB 533 (2025)" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://csimt.gov/2025/05/24/protecting-your-home-amid-rising-insurance-costs-and-wildfire-risks/", "source_name": "Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 'no guaranty fund backing' is the most important consumer-protection caveat for surplus-lines homeowners coverage in Montana. Brown's July 2025 advisory is the strongest current tool for fighting a wildfire-pretext non-renewal." }, { "field": "key_statutes", "value": "Core Montana homeowners-insurance statutes: MCA 33-23-401 (45-day cancellation/nonrenewal notice with specific reason; 20-day floor for nonpayment; applies to owner-occupied primary residences); MCA 33-16-201 (standards applicable to rates; 7-year claims-history lookback cap); MCA 33-16-203 (rates filed; file-and-use with prior-approval triggers below advisory loss costs); Title 33 Chapter 2 Part 3 (surplus lines; 2.75% premium tax, 2.50% fire tax, 0.175% SLIP+ fee); Title 33 Chapter 10 (Montana Insurance Guaranty Association; admitted carriers only); HB 136 (2025; voluntary wildfire-mitigation discounts); HB 533 (2025; wildfire-risk-score disclosure within 30 days).", "value_json": { "MCA_33_23_401": "45-day written notice for cancellation or nonrenewal of fire/homeowners/theft/liability on owner-occupied primary residence; specific reason required; 20-day floor for nonpayment", "MCA_33_16_201": "standards applicable to rates (not excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory); 7-year claims-history lookback cap on adverse rating data", "MCA_33_16_203": "rates filed; 30-day waiting period; below-advisory-loss-cost filings subject to prior approval", "Title_33_Ch_2_Pt_3": "surplus lines authorization, taxation, and oversight; 2.75% premium tax + 2.50% fire tax + 0.175% SLIP+ fee", "Title_33_Ch_10": "Montana Insurance Guaranty Association (MIGA); admitted P&C only; surplus lines excluded", "HB_60_2025": "domestic surplus lines insurers; $15M minimum capital and surplus", "HB_136_2025": "voluntary insurer premium discounts for wildfire mitigation and resilient construction", "HB_533_2025": "wildfire risk score disclosure within 30 days of homeowner request" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0330/chapter_0230/part_0040/section_0010/0330-0230-0040-0010.html", "source_name": "Montana Code Annotated (Montana Legislative Services)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Cite the specific MCA section number when telling a Montana homeowner what their carrier owes them. The 45-day notice in MCA 33-23-401 is stricter than the 30-day floor common in other states; combined with the specific-reason requirement, it is the most useful statutory tool a Montana homeowner has when fighting a non-renewal." }, { "field": "market_outlook_2026", "value": "Montana's homeowners market is among the most stressed in the country on availability and pricing. Rates rose 22.1% in 2024 (tied for largest one-year jump nationally, per S&P Global Market Intelligence RateWatch / NAIC rate-filing data) and approximately 18% in 2025 per separate insurer-filing aggregations; six-year cumulative growth is approximately 56-58%. Wildfire is the primary driver, with one in three Montana homes at moderate-to-high risk and population growth in high-risk WUI counties (Madison +580%, Gallatin +367% since 1990) compounding exposure. Forward signals to watch: HJ 61 interim study (any 2027 session bill creating mitigation grants or a state backstop), HB 136 carrier-discount filings, and whether selective Big Sky / Gallatin / Flathead non-renewals broaden into a named carrier exit.", "value_json": { "rate_growth_2024_pct": 22.1, "rate_growth_2025_pct": 18, "six_year_rate_growth_pct": 57.8, "rank_2024_increase": "tied for largest one-year increase nationally with Nebraska", "primary_drivers": [ "wildfire risk (one in three homes moderate-to-high; second-nationally per capita)", "reconstruction cost inflation", "WUI development outpacing low-risk-area growth", "selective carrier non-renewals in high-risk corridors" ], "forward_signals_to_watch": [ "HJ 61 interim study (potential 2027 session legislation)", "HB 136 carrier-discount filings", "whether selective Big Sky / Gallatin / Flathead non-renewals broaden", "next CSI Property Insurance Summary report" ], "fair_plan_likelihood_2027": "low; CSI Commissioner Brown has favored mitigation-credit + transparency tools over a residual mechanism" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dailymontanan.com/2025/12/19/report-layered-adaptive-wildfire-insurance-approach-needed-in-montana/", "source_name": "S&P Global Market Intelligence RateWatch / NAIC rate-filing data; Headwaters Economics; Daily Montanan", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "The market-outlook synthesis is editorial; treat the FAIR Plan likelihood as a directional read rather than a forecast. Brown's stated position (mitigation + transparency, not a residual mechanism) is the strongest near-term signal." }, { "field": "industry_data_sources", "value": "Authoritative Montana-specific datasets for tracking homeowners-insurance availability and pricing: (1) CSI Eligible Surplus Lines Companies list (PDF, refreshed periodically; June 2025 edition current as of mid-2025); (2) CSI P&C Rate and Rule Filing Guide (2022 edition); (3) CSI Property Insurance Summary (rmtd.mt.gov/insurance/propertysummary); (4) Headwaters Economics Montana wildfire risk analysis (120,000 homes at moderate-to-high risk); (5) U.S. Senate Budget Committee Dec 2024 non-renewal data call (county-level, 23 carriers, approximately 65% national market); (6) Cotality 2025 Wildfire Risk Report; (7) Quadrant Information Services / S&P Global Market Intelligence RateWatch (insurer rate-filing data; underlying sources for published state premium and rate-change aggregations); (8) NIFC annual reports and Montana DNRC season recaps for wildfire activity; (9) Montana Insurance Guaranty Association (mtiga.org) for insolvency claims.", "value_json": { "csi_eligible_surplus_lines_list": { "url": "https://csimt.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Eligible-Surplus-Lines-Companies.pdf", "refresh": "periodic" }, "csi_property_insurance_summary": { "url": "https://rmtd.mt.gov/insurance/propertysummary" }, "csi_pc_rate_filing_guide": { "url": "https://csimt.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/P-C-Rate-Rule-Filing-Guide.pdf" }, "headwaters_economics_mt": { "url": "https://headwaterseconomics.org/natural-hazards/montana-wildfire-risk-widespread/" }, "senate_budget_committee_2024": { "url": "https://www.budget.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/next_to_fall_the_climate-driven_insurance_crisis_is_here__and_getting_worse.pdf", "level": "county", "years": "2018 to 2023" }, "cotality_2025_wildfire": { "url": "https://www.cotality.com/press-releases/2025-wildfire-risk-report" }, "quadrant_sp_ratewatch": { "url": "https://www.iii.org/fact-statistic/facts-statistics-homeowners-and-renters-insurance", "note": "Quadrant Information Services and S&P Global Market Intelligence RateWatch are the underlying data vendors for state-level premium and rate-change aggregations; III fact-statistics page is the institutional reference" }, "nifc_annual_report_2024": { "url": "https://www.nifc.gov/sites/default/files/NICC/2-Predictive%20Services/Intelligence/Annual%20Reports/2024/annual_report_2024.pdf" }, "miga": { "url": "https://www.mtiga.org/" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://csimt.gov/insurance/", "source_name": "Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "CSI does not appear to publish a Senate-Budget-Committee-format per-state non-renewal-rate figure or an NHID-style Homeowners Market Data Call Report; the closest CSI primary document is the rmtd.mt.gov Property Insurance Summary, which should be confirmed and pulled before relying on it for a published statewide premium average." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Jan 6, 2025: James Brown sworn in as 18th Montana State Auditor / Commissioner of Securities and Insurance. Feb 27, 2025: Governor Gianforte signs HB 60 (domestic surplus-lines insurers; $15M minimum). April 7, 2025: HB 136 (voluntary wildfire-mitigation discounts) assigned chapter number. May 13, 2025: HB 490 (utility wildfire liability) signed. May 24, 2025: Commissioner Brown publishes op-ed on rising insurance costs and wildfire risk. July 2, 2025: Commissioner Brown issues advisory opinion against blanket wildfire-based non-renewals after Jericho Mountain Fire complaints. Dec 19, 2025: Daily Montanan reports legislative-council interim study calling for 'layered, adaptive' wildfire insurance approach in Montana. Jan 1, 2026: CSI transitions surplus-lines filings and payments to SLIP+ for States platform.", "value_json": { "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-06", "event": "James Brown sworn in as 18th MT State Auditor / Insurance Commissioner" }, { "date": "2025-02-27", "event": "Gianforte signs HB 60 (domestic surplus-lines insurers)" }, { "date": "2025-04-07", "event": "HB 136 (voluntary wildfire-mitigation discounts) assigned chapter number" }, { "date": "2025-05-13", "event": "HB 490 (utility wildfire liability) signed" }, { "date": "2025-05-24", "event": "Commissioner Brown op-ed on rising insurance costs and wildfire risk" }, { "date": "2025-07-02", "event": "Brown advisory opinion against blanket wildfire-based non-renewals (Jericho Mountain Fire trigger)" }, { "date": "2025-12-19", "event": "Daily Montanan reports interim-study recommendation for layered adaptive wildfire insurance approach" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "event": "CSI moves surplus-lines filings to SLIP+ for States platform" } ], "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 2, "label": "2" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Montana billion-dollar weather and climate disasters, 2014-2024 (NCEI, CPI-adjusted). 16 events over 11 years; drought and wildfire dominate. Updated by NCEI 2025-01-10.", "current_commissioner": { "name": "James Brown", "title": "Commissioner of Securities and Insurance", "confirmed_date": "2025-01-06", "predecessor": "Troy Downing (elected to U.S. Congress, MT-02, November 2024; no mid-term resignation)", "source_url": "https://csimt.gov/meet-commissioner-brown/", "source_name": "Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance" }, "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/MT", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://csimt.gov/2025/05/24/protecting-your-home-amid-rising-insurance-costs-and-wildfire-risks/", "source_name": "Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "Keep this timeline current: the 2027 Montana legislative session (Jan 2027) is the next major checkpoint; the HJ 61 interim study report should land in the second half of 2026 and could seed 2027 session bills on mitigation funding or a state backstop. chartable_series adds NOAA NCEI billion-dollar disaster yearly counts (2014-2024, summed across all 7 categories from the published time-series chart config at https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/time-series-zingchart-config.js?state=MT); renders an inline Sparkline beneath the recent_changes H2." }, { "field": "hero_stat_override", "value": "22.1%", "value_json": { "label": "Montana homeowners premium increase, 2024", "amount": 22.1, "unit": "pct" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/fact-statistic/facts-statistics-homeowners-and-renters-insurance", "source_name": "S&P Global Market Intelligence RateWatch / NAIC rate-filing data; Insurance Information Institute", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Headline number - Montana tied #1 nationally with Nebraska for 2024 homeowners premium increase (22.1% per LendingTree State of Home Insurance 2025, sourced from S&P Global RateWatch / NAIC data). a secondary aggregator's 2025 figure is 18%, a separate aggregator. Data-verifier 81 (2026-05-14): source attribution corrected from a secondary aggregator to LendingTree. The wildfire-driven non-renewal pressure (Commissioner Brown's July 2025 advisory opinion) is the story behind the number." }, { "field": "title_override", "value": "Montana FAIR Plan: none; Brown wildfire advisory 2025", "value_json": { "h1": "Montana FAIR Plan: none. Commissioner Brown's 2025 wildfire advisory", "title": "Montana FAIR Plan: none; Brown wildfire advisory 2025", "meta_description": "Montana has no FAIR Plan. Commissioner Brown's July 2025 advisory warned carriers against wildfire-pretext non-renewals after Jericho." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://csimt.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Insurance-Refusals-and-Wildfire-Risks_7-2025.pdf", "source_name": "Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance, Advisory Opinion on Insurance Refusals and Wildfire Risks (July 2025)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "title_override per copywriter-205 cross-cutting #1/#2: the prior shared template title was uniform across the 14 batch-14 no-plan states. Differentiates with Montana's load-bearing 2025 fact — Commissioner James Brown's July 2, 2025 advisory opinion (triggered by Jericho Mountain Fire complaints) instructing admitted insurers that they cannot deny or refuse to renew property insurance solely on a perceived wildfire threat when the fire is not adjacent to the insured property. Title 53c, body meta 160c. CSI URL is correct primary source — the advisory is an administrative document, not a statute or bill, so L13g doesn't apply." } ] }, { "code": "NC", "name": "North Carolina", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/north-carolina-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "mechanisms": [ "North Carolina Joint Underwriting Association (NCJUA, FAIR Plan, statewide ex-beach)", "North Carolina Insurance Underwriting Association (NCIUA, Coastal Property Insurance Pool / 'Beach Plan')" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ncjua-nciua.org/", "source_name": "NCJUA / NCIUA", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Two affiliated residual-market entities run by the same staff: NCJUA = the FAIR Plan (fire/property for the inland/non-beach part of the state); NCIUA = the 'Beach Plan' / Coastal Property Insurance Pool (homeowners + wind/hail in 18 coastal counties)." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "North Carolina Joint Underwriting Association (FAIR Plan); North Carolina Insurance Underwriting Association (Coastal Property Insurance Pool / Beach Plan)", "value_json": { "fair_plan": "North Carolina Joint Underwriting Association (NCJUA)", "beach_plan": "North Carolina Insurance Underwriting Association (NCIUA)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ncjua-nciua.org/", "source_name": "NCJUA / NCIUA", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": null }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.ncjua-nciua.org/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.ncjua-nciua.org/", "portal": "https://portal.ncjua-nciua.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ncjua-nciua.org/", "source_name": "NCJUA / NCIUA", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": null }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "NCJUA (FAIR Plan): Dwelling Fire and Commercial Fire policies for all territories except the Beach Area, cover fire, lightning, windstorm and hail, vandalism and malicious mischief, and other named perils per the dwelling/commercial fire form. NCIUA (Beach Plan): in the 18 coastal counties, offers homeowner policies, dwelling fire, commercial fire, wind/hail-only policies, and crime coverage; perils include fire, windstorm, hail, lightning, vandalism and malicious mischief. Neither covers flood. The Beach Plan wind-only policy must sit alongside a separate primary policy from an admitted NC carrier that excludes windstorm.", "value_json": { "ncjua_policies": [ "dwelling fire", "commercial fire" ], "ncjua_perils": [ "fire", "lightning", "windstorm", "hail", "vandalism and malicious mischief" ], "nciua_policies": [ "homeowner", "dwelling fire", "commercial fire", "wind/hail-only", "crime" ], "nciua_perils": [ "fire", "windstorm", "hail", "lightning", "vandalism and malicious mischief" ], "exclusions": [ "flood (both plans)" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ncjua-nciua.org/html/svcs_cov.htm", "source_name": "NCJUA / NCIUA", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Coverage/peril detail quoted from ncjua-nciua.org services & coverages page. / 2026-05-16 qa-257 P1: split \"windstorm/hail\" into \"windstorm\" + \"hail\" in ncjua_perils so the rendered PerilMatrix dedupes against nciua_perils' separate entries; previously rendered as 3 pills (windstorm/hail + windstorm + hail) for the same effective peril." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "Residential: $1,000,000 building coverage (both NCJUA FAIR Plan and NCIUA Beach Plan); personal property capped at 40% of approved building coverage. Commercial: NCJUA up to $2.5M combined / $6M aggregate (per firewall divisions); NCIUA up to $4M per freestanding structure / $10M aggregate (increased from $3M/$6M effective 11/02/2023).", "value_json": { "residential_building": 1000000, "personal_property_pct_of_building": 40, "ncjua_commercial_combined": 2500000, "ncjua_commercial_aggregate": 6000000, "nciua_commercial_per_structure": 4000000, "nciua_commercial_aggregate": 10000000, "nciua_commercial_increase_effective": "2023-11-02", "currency": "USD" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.ncjua-nciua.org/html/svcs_cov.htm", "source_name": "NCJUA / NCIUA", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "$1M residential / 40% contents from ncjua-nciua.org. NCIUA commercial increase to $4M/$10M effective 2023-11-02 confirmed in the same source." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "typical (for NCIUA wind-only policies)", "value_json": { "status": "typical for Beach Plan wind-only" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ncjua-nciua.org/html/svcs_cov.htm", "source_name": "NCJUA / NCIUA", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Beach Plan wind-only policies REQUIRE a companion ex-wind policy from an admitted NC carrier. Beach Plan also offers full homeowner forms as an alternative. NCJUA dwelling fire policyholders typically add a separate liability/flood policy." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Markets of last resort: an applicant must have an insurable interest in NC property and be unable to obtain coverage in the standard (admitted) market. NCJUA FAIR Plan covers all territories except the Beach Area. NCIUA Beach Plan covers the 18 designated coastal counties (Beaufort, Brunswick, Camden, Carteret, Chowan, Craven, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, Jones, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico, Pasquotank, Pender, Perquimans, Tyrrell, Washington); a Beach Plan wind/hail-only policy additionally requires an active primary policy from an admitted NC carrier that excludes windstorm. Properties must meet underwriting standards (condition, occupancy, etc.).", "value_json": { "rule": "insurable interest + unable to obtain coverage in the standard market", "ncjua_territory": "all NC except Beach Area", "nciua_coastal_counties": [ "Beaufort", "Brunswick", "Camden", "Carteret", "Chowan", "Craven", "Currituck", "Dare", "Hyde", "Jones", "New Hanover", "Onslow", "Pamlico", "Pasquotank", "Pender", "Perquimans", "Tyrrell", "Washington" ], "nciua_windonly_requires_excluding_primary": true }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ncjua-nciua.org/html/svcs_cov.htm", "source_name": "NCJUA / NCIUA", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "18-county Beach Plan list and wind-only companion-policy rule from ncjua-nciua.org. NC does not publish a fixed numeric declination count, verify against the NCJUA/NCIUA Plan of Operation if a precise number is needed." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through a licensed North Carolina insurance agent. NCJUA/NCIUA do not sell directly to consumers; agents submit applications via the NCJUA-NCIUA producer portal (portal.ncjua-nciua.com).", "value_json": { "channel": "licensed NC agent via producer portal", "portal_url": "https://portal.ncjua-nciua.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ncjua-nciua.org/", "source_name": "NCJUA / NCIUA", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": null }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market, with large named-storm/wind percentage deductibles on coastal policies (1%, 2%, or 5% for Named Storm and Windstorm & Hail). NCIUA Beach Plan rates are set through the regulatory process and have risen sharply alongside the broader NC coastal market.", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive than standard market", "wind_deductible_options_pct": [ 1, 2, 5 ] }, "unit": "%", "source_url": "https://www.ncjua-nciua.org/html/svcs_cov.htm", "source_name": "NCJUA / NCIUA", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Deductible options confirmed by ncjua-nciua.org." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "NC homeowners settlement (Jan 2025, Commissioner Causey): average +7.5% statewide on June 1, 2025 and another +7.5% on June 1, 2026 (40 territory rates; coastal beach territories up ~16% in 2025 and ~15.9% in 2026, nearly +32% over two years; mountain counties only ~4.4-4.5%), this replaced the NC Rate Bureau's original request for an average 42.2% (up to ~99.4% in some coastal areas). Settlement caps any single territory at +35% maximum and bars new Rate Bureau requests before June 1, 2027. Separate dwelling/landlord-policy settlement (April 22, 2026, Causey-negotiated): +5% statewide effective Oct 1, 2026 and another +5% effective Oct 1, 2027 (vs a Rate Bureau filing of October 30, 2025 requesting ~68.3% over two years). NCIUA Beach Plan commercial limits raised to $4M/$10M effective Nov 2, 2023. NCJUA FAIR Monoline Residential Property policy received NCDOI approval on January 12, 2026 (a new standalone residential product).", "value_json": { "homeowners_settlement_date": "2025-01", "homeowners_increase_2025_pct": 7.5, "homeowners_increase_2026_pct": 7.5, "homeowners_increase_effective": [ "2025-06-01", "2026-06-01" ], "homeowners_max_single_territory_pct": 35, "homeowners_settlement_locks_next_filing_until": "2027-06-01", "rate_bureau_original_request_pct": 42.2, "coastal_increase_2025_pct": 16, "coastal_increase_2026_pct": 15.9, "dwelling_settlement_date": "2026-04-22", "dwelling_rate_bureau_filed": "2025-10-30", "dwelling_increase_pct": 5, "dwelling_increase_effective": [ "2026-10-01", "2027-10-01" ], "nciua_commercial_limit_increase": "2023-11-02", "ncjua_fair_mrp_approval_date": "2026-01-12", "ncjua_fair_mrp_source": "https://www.ncjua-nciua.org/DocLib/OperationalDocs/FAIR_MRP.pdf", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Mike Causey", "title": "Commissioner of Insurance and State Fire Marshal", "confirmed_date": "2025-01-01", "predecessor": "Wayne Goodwin (defeated for re-election November 2016)", "source_url": "https://www.ncdoi.gov/about-doi/leadership/mike-causey", "source_name": "North Carolina Department of Insurance - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 9, "label": "9" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 7, "label": "7" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 9, "label": "9" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "North Carolina billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/NC", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ncdoi.gov/news/press-releases/2026/04/22/commissioner-causey-negotiates-dwelling-rate-settlement-insurance-companies", "source_name": "North Carolina Department of Insurance, dwelling rate settlement press release (April 22, 2026)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "Homeowners settlement from NC DOI press release Jan 17, 2025. Dwelling/landlord settlement primary-source confirmed at NCDOI press release dated April 22, 2026 (NOT 2025 as prior compiled value erroneously stated; data-verifier-Wave-18 (2026-05-16) caught the 1-year date error). Settlement-caps (35% per-territory + no-new-filing-until-2027-06-01) added from settlement text. NCJUA FAIR Monoline Residential Property (FAIR MRP) approval date 2026-01-12 added with PDF source. Coastal percentages from NC Newsline (secondary source, the NCDOI press release is primary for the headline numbers). needs_rescan removed (settlement is closed)." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "North Carolina General Statutes § 58-41-15 (cancellation) and § 58-41-20 (non-renewal): a property insurer must give at least 15 days' written notice of cancellation (with longer windows by statute for specified grounds) and at least 45 days' written notice of non-renewal of a homeowners policy. The Commissioner of Insurance can order a moratorium on cancellations/non-renewals in an area affected by a declared disaster. North Carolina does NOT have a standing post-hurricane non-renewal moratorium like California's wildfire rule.", "value_json": { "statute": "N.C.G.S. § 58-41-15 (cancellation) + § 58-41-20 (non-renewal)", "cancellation_notice_days": 15, "nonrenewal_notice_days": 45, "post_disaster_moratorium": "Commissioner may order in declared-disaster areas" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_58/GS_58-41-20.html", "source_name": "North Carolina General Statutes § 58-41-20 (non-renewal notice)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-104 (2026-05-15): the prior 15-day non-renewal notice was WRONG — that's the cancellation notice (§ 58-41-15). The statutory non-renewal notice is 45 days per § 58-41-20. The prior `three_year_protection` claim was unsupported by the cited article and has been removed. Source updated from a FEMA/flood disaster-resources page (which carried neither statute) to the direct NCLEG statute URL." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Nationwide non-renewed 10,525 homeowners policies in Eastern North Carolina in 2023 (notified NCDOI February 2023, effective September 2023), with 4,744 of those referred onward to the NCIUA Beach Plan. North Carolina has not seen wholesale FULL-state carrier exits like California or Florida; the broader pressure is rate shock (NC Rate Bureau requested +42.2% homeowners statewide in 2024 before the Causey-negotiated settlement) and tightened underwriting/non-renewals in coastal territories (carriers shedding older roofs and high-wind-exposure coastal homes), pushing more business into the NCIUA Beach Plan. No major national carrier had announced a full NC homeowners exit as of early 2026.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "Nationwide", "action": "non-renewed 10,525 homeowners policies in Eastern NC (4,744 referred to NCIUA Beach Plan)", "notified_doi": "2023-02", "effective": "2023-09", "source": "Insurance Journal (2023-09-29) + NCDOI notification" }, { "carrier": null, "action": "no confirmed full-state major-carrier NC homeowners exit as of early 2026; broader pattern is rate increases + coastal underwriting tightening", "date": "2024-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/southeast/2023/09/29/740541.htm", "source_name": "Insurance Journal (2023-09-29) on Nationwide NC non-renewal; NCDOI notification confirmed", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-18 (2026-05-16): added Nationwide's confirmed 2023 partial-exit (10,525 homeowners non-renewed in Eastern NC, 4,744 referred to NCIUA Beach Plan, notified NCDOI Feb 2023 / effective Sept 2023). Prior 'no confirmed major-carrier exit' framing was technically defensible (this was partial, not full) but materially misleading by omission. Confidence raised low to medium. Broader full-state-exit framing retained as the second value_json entry." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://www.ncdoi.gov/consumers/homeowners-insurance", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.ncdoi.gov/consumers/homeowners-insurance" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ncdoi.gov/", "source_name": "North Carolina Department of Insurance", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "NC DOI consumer homeowners page. Verify exact URL." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "Unusual NC feature: homeowners rates are set through the North Carolina Rate Bureau (an industry body) which files a single statewide rate request; the Commissioner of Insurance negotiates or holds a hearing, and settlements are common. NCJUA/NCIUA deficits are funded by assessments on member insurers (Beach Plan losses above its reinsurance/capital are assessed to all NC property insurers in proportion to market share). NCIUA buys a large reinsurance program for hurricane losses. North Carolina's Strengthen Your Coastal Roof program (announced July 17, 2025) offers grants of up to $6,000 per homeowner to retrofit to the IBHS FORTIFIED roof standard, funded at $20 million for 18 coastal and near-coastal counties.", "value_json": { "rate_mechanism": "NC Rate Bureau files single statewide request; Commissioner negotiates/hears; settlements common", "funding": "member-insurer assessments + reinsurance", "mitigation": [ { "program": "Strengthen Your Coastal Roof", "announced": "2025-07-17", "funding_total_usd": 20000000, "grant_per_homeowner_max_usd": 6000, "counties": 18, "standard": "IBHS FORTIFIED", "program_url": "https://StrengthenYourCoastalRoof.com" }, "FORTIFIED roof premium credits (admitted-carrier discounts)" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ncdoi.gov/news/press-releases/2025/07/17/commissioner-causey-state-local-leaders-announce-20-million-grant-program-strengthen-coastal-roofs", "source_name": "North Carolina Department of Insurance, Strengthen Your Coastal Roof announcement (July 17, 2025)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Rate Bureau mechanism and assessment structure well-established; exact reinsurance/assessment figures change annually, needs manual check. Per data-verifier-Wave-18 (2026-05-16): added concrete Strengthen Your Coastal Roof program details ($20M funded, $6,000 per homeowner max, 18 counties, IBHS FORTIFIED standard); replaced bare 'state-funded coastal mitigation grant program' framing with the named program + URL." }, { "field": "title_override", "value": "NC title/H1/meta override surfacing both the inland FAIR Plan (NCJUA) and the coastal Beach Plan (NCIUA) — currently only the FAIR Plan keyword universe is captured", "value_json": { "title": "NC FAIR Plan and Beach Plan: coverage and eligibility", "h1": "North Carolina FAIR Plan and Beach Plan: what they cover and who qualifies", "meta_description": "North Carolina's FAIR Plan (NCJUA inland) and Beach Plan (NCIUA, 18 coastal counties): $1M dwelling cap, who qualifies, and how to apply." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ncjua-nciua.org/", "source_name": "North Carolina Joint Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "NC has two distinct residual-market entities: NCJUA writes the inland FAIR Plan, NCIUA writes the coastal Beach Plan covering 18 coastal counties. Default title ranked only for 'North Carolina FAIR Plan'; coastal NC homeowners search 'NC Beach Plan' and the page didn't surface that colloquial. Override raises both. Source incident: seo-geo 259-Wave-8 (2026-05-16)." } ] }, { "code": "ND", "name": "North Dakota", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/north-dakota-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "no", "value_json": { "status": "no", "note": "North Dakota has no state FAIR Plan and no state-backed insurer of last resort for homeowners. ND is not a PIPSO member. When admitted carriers decline a residential property, the practical fallback is the surplus lines (non-admitted) market regulated by the North Dakota Insurance Department under N.D.C.C. ch. 26.1-44." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nd.gov/producers/other-licenses/surplus-lines", "source_name": "North Dakota Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Cross-checked against PIPSO's national member list (pipso.com/members) which does not include North Dakota; also absent from the U.S. Treasury list of state residual insurance market plans. The structural reason ND has no FAIR Plan is that the homeowners market remains broadly competitive and the dominant catastrophe peril (hail) is well understood and priced rather than uninsurable." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "no plan", "value_json": { "name": null, "note": "no North Dakota FAIR Plan exists; coverage of last resort is the surplus lines / non-admitted (E&S) market under N.D.C.C. ch. 26.1-44, placed through ND-licensed surplus lines producers" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t26-1c44.pdf", "source_name": "North Dakota Century Code Chapter 26.1-44 Surplus Lines Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "ND does not maintain a FAIR Plan, JUA, or beach plan. Surplus lines policies are not backed by the North Dakota Insurance Guaranty Association (N.D.C.C. ch. 26.1-42.1), a material consumer-protection trade-off relative to admitted-market coverage." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "no plan website; the North Dakota Insurance Department homeowners and renters consumer page at insurance.nd.gov/consumers/insurance/homeowners-renters is the closest equivalent", "value_json": { "url": null, "doi_consumer_page": "https://www.insurance.nd.gov/consumers/insurance/homeowners-renters", "surplus_lines_page": "https://www.insurance.nd.gov/producers/other-licenses/surplus-lines", "doi_homepage": "https://www.insurance.nd.gov/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nd.gov/consumers/insurance/homeowners-renters", "source_name": "North Dakota Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "No FAIR Plan website exists because no ND FAIR Plan exists. The Insurance Department's homeowners and renters page is the official starting point for consumers having trouble finding coverage." }, { "field": "residual_market_structure", "value": "Surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S) market; no FAIR Plan, no JUA, no state-backed insurer of last resort. ND is not a PIPSO member.", "value_json": { "primary_path": "surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S)", "regulator": "North Dakota Insurance Department", "surplus_lines_statute": "N.D.C.C. ch. 26.1-44", "no_fair_plan": true, "no_jua": true, "pipso_member": false, "doi_consumer_fallback": "ND Insurance Department maintains a registry of eligible surplus lines insurers" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nd.gov/producers/other-licenses/surplus-lines", "source_name": "North Dakota Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "When admitted carriers decline a property, an ND-licensed surplus lines producer can place the risk with an eligible non-admitted insurer registered with the Department under N.D.C.C. 26.1-44-03. The ND legislature simplified placement rules in 2025 via SB 2374 (eliminated the diligent search form requirement)." }, { "field": "regulatory_authority", "value": "North Dakota Insurance and Securities Department", "value_json": { "name": "North Dakota Insurance and Securities Department", "url": "https://www.insurance.nd.gov/", "address": "600 E Boulevard Ave, 5th Floor State Capitol, Bismarck, ND 58505-0320", "main_phone": "(701) 328-2440", "consumer_hotline": "(800) 247-0560", "fax": "(701) 328-4880", "tty": "(800) 366-6888", "email": "insurance@nd.gov", "securities_email": "ndsecurities@nd.gov", "hours": "Mon-Thu 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM, Fri 8:00 AM to 12:00 PM", "commissioner_title": "Insurance Commissioner and Securities Commissioner (elected statewide office, 4-year term)", "rename_effective": "2025-07-01", "rename_authority": "SB 2214, 69th Legislative Assembly (2025)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nd.gov/contact-us", "source_name": "North Dakota Insurance and Securities Department Contact Us", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "The Insurance Commissioner is an elected constitutional officer in ND, not a gubernatorial appointment. Address verified from the Department's own Contact Us page; commissioner office is on the 5th floor of the State Capitol." }, { "field": "commissioner", "value": "Jon Godfread", "value_json": { "name": "Jon Godfread", "title": "Insurance Commissioner, North Dakota Insurance Department (22nd Commissioner)", "first_elected": 2016, "re_elected": [ 2020, 2024 ], "term_type": "elected statewide, 4-year term", "naic_role_2025": "2025 President, National Association of Insurance Commissioners", "residence": "Bismarck, ND", "education": "J.D. and MBA, University of North Dakota (2011); B.A. business, University of Northern Iowa (2005)", "prior_role": "Vice President of Governmental Affairs, Greater North Dakota Chamber", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Jon Godfread", "title": "Insurance Commissioner", "confirmed_date": "2025-01-01", "predecessor": "Adam Hamm (declined to seek re-election in 2016; appointed by Gov. Hoeven 2007, elected 2008 and 2012)", "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nd.gov/about-us/commissioner-jon-godfread", "source_name": "North Dakota Insurance Department - Commissioner" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nd.gov/about-us/commissioner-jon-godfread", "source_name": "North Dakota Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Godfread is the 22nd ND Insurance Commissioner, first elected in 2016 and re-elected in 2020 and 2024. He served as 2025 NAIC President. Current term runs through January 2029." }, { "field": "DOI_contact", "value": "ND Insurance and Securities Department Consumer Assistance: (701) 328-2440 (main) or (800) 247-0560 (consumer hotline). Email: insurance@nd.gov (insurance) or ndsecurities@nd.gov (securities). Mail / in-person: 600 E Boulevard Ave, 5th Floor State Capitol, Bismarck, ND 58505. Online complaint form available via insurance.nd.gov/contact-us.", "value_json": { "main_phone": "(701) 328-2440", "consumer_hotline": "(800) 247-0560", "fax": "(701) 328-4880", "tty": "(800) 366-6888", "consumer_email": "insurance@nd.gov", "securities_email": "ndsecurities@nd.gov", "medicare_hotline": "(888) 575-6611", "medicare_email": "NDSHIC@nd.gov", "address": "600 E Boulevard Ave, 5th Floor State Capitol, Bismarck, ND 58505", "hours": "Mon-Thu 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM, Fri 8:00 AM to 12:00 PM" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nd.gov/contact-us", "source_name": "North Dakota Insurance and Securities Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "All numbers, address, and hours verified from the Department's own Contact Us page. Many staff work remotely, so the Department recommends calling ahead before visiting in person." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "North Dakota requires written notice of cancellation or nonrenewal of personal property insurance. For midterm cancellation under N.D.C.C. 26.1-30.1-02 (commercial) and the parallel personal-lines provisions under the standard fire policy framework (N.D.C.C. ch. 26.1-39), notice ranges from 10 to 30 days before the effective date depending on the ground; nonpayment cancellation may use a shorter window. Grounds typically include nonpayment, fraud or material misrepresentation, substantial change in risk, violation of local fire / health / safety / building ordinances that increases the hazard, and a determination by the Insurance Commissioner that continuation would violate state law or be hazardous.", "value_json": { "midterm_cancellation_notice_days_range": "10-30", "nonpayment_notice_days": 10, "commercial_statute": "N.D.C.C. ch. 26.1-30.1 (commercial)", "fire_property_statute": "N.D.C.C. ch. 26.1-39 (standard fire / property policy provisions)", "no_standalone_personal_lines_chapter": true, "single_claim_protection": "no explicit statutory single-claim nonrenewal bar identified", "post_disaster_moratorium": "no standing statutory moratorium", "standard_fire_policy_basis": "1943 New York Standard Fire Insurance Policy form required by N.D.C.C. 26.1-39-06" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t26-1c39.html", "source_name": "North Dakota Century Code Chapter 26.1-39 (Property and Casualty Insurance for personal lines; 26.1-39-13 cancellation + 26.1-39-16 nonrenewal)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-152 (2026-05-15): source_url was the wrong chapter. N.D.C.C. ch. 26.1-30.1 ('Cancellation and Nonrenewal of Commercial Insurance') governs commercial only; the personal-lines homeowners statute is ch. 26.1-39 ('Property and Casualty Insurance'), with the operative sections being 26.1-39-13 (cancellation) and 26.1-39-16 (nonrenewal). Updated source_url to t26-1c39. ND lacks a dedicated single-section personal-lines cancellation/nonrenewal statute parallel to NH's RSA 417-B; the 10-30 day range is confirmed via ND State Library consumer guide. A homeowner facing nonrenewal should cite 26.1-39-16, not 26.1-30.1." }, { "field": "rate_approval_regime", "value": "North Dakota is generally a file-and-use state for personal property and casualty rates under N.D.C.C. ch. 26.1-25, with the Insurance Commissioner retaining authority to disapprove rates that are excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory. Rate filings must be submitted but do not require prior approval before use.", "value_json": { "regime": "file-and-use (personal lines)", "statute": "N.D.C.C. ch. 26.1-25", "doi_authority": "may disapprove filed rates if excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory", "contrast_nh": "New Hampshire is prior-approval for personal P&C rates under RSA 412", "contrast_ca": "California is prior-approval under Proposition 103 (Cal. Ins. Code 1861.05)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t26-1.html", "source_name": "North Dakota Century Code Title 26.1", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "File-and-use is the practical reason ND carriers can pass reinsurance and hail-loss costs through to premium relatively quickly, which has driven the 33% premium jump since January 2023 reported by industry trackers. Confidence medium because a definitive Insurance Department bulletin restating file-and-use status was not located in this pass; the statutory framework supports it." }, { "field": "premium_baseline", "value": "North Dakota average homeowners premium ranged roughly $1,828 to $2,256 per year as of 2024-2026 depending on methodology and coverage level. The state ranked 23rd most affordable in 2024 at approximately 24% below the national average. Premiums rose roughly 33% between January 2023 and April 2024 (~$209 per month average), the eighth-largest increase nationally over that window, driven primarily by severe convective storm and hail losses plus reinsurance pressure.", "value_json": { "nd_avg_annual_2024_low_usd": 1828, "nd_avg_annual_2024_high_usd": 2256, "nd_avg_monthly_apr_2024_usd": 209, "us_avg_2024_usd_approx": 2400, "discount_vs_us_pct_2024": 24, "national_affordability_rank_2024": 23, "premium_growth_jan_2023_apr_2024_pct": 33, "national_rank_of_increase_jan_2023_apr_2024": 8, "primary_drivers": [ "severe convective storms (hail / wind)", "reinsurance pressure", "construction cost inflation" ] }, "unit": "USD", "source_url": "https://www.kfyrtv.com/2024/04/30/home-insurance-premiums-are-spiking/", "source_name": "KFYR-TV / NAIC market-data compilation", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-20", "notes": "ND does not publish an NHID-style annual Homeowners Market Data Call Report, so the primary state-published baseline is harder to pin down than for NH or CA. The 33% increase figure traces back to NAIC and industry data via secondary outlets; confidence is medium because no single ND-Insurance-Department primary citation gives a clean 2024 statewide weighted-average premium. **needs_rescan reason:** primary ND Insurance Department statewide premium figure not located in this research pass; re-confirm against the next NAIC dwelling-fire/homeowners report or any forthcoming ND Department market report." }, { "field": "guaranty_fund", "value": "North Dakota Insurance Guaranty Association (NDIGA) covers claims against insolvent admitted property and casualty carriers under N.D.C.C. ch. 26.1-42.1. NDIGA does not cover surplus lines / non-admitted carriers, surety bonds, warranties, or credit insurance. The Association is composed of substantially all insurers licensed to write P&C in ND.", "value_json": { "fund_name": "North Dakota Insurance Guaranty Association", "abbrev": "NDIGA", "statute": "N.D.C.C. ch. 26.1-42.1", "covers": "admitted (licensed) property and casualty insurers", "does_not_cover": "surplus lines / non-admitted (E&S) insurers; surety bonds; warranties; credit insurance; self-insurers", "national_affiliation": "National Conference of Insurance Guaranty Funds (NCIGF) member" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ndiga.org/", "source_name": "North Dakota Insurance Guaranty Association via NCIGF", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Same consumer-protection delta as NH: a ND homeowner forced into the surplus lines market by an admitted-market decline loses NDIGA backstop on claims. This is the practical price of operating in the non-admitted market when no FAIR Plan exists as a fallback." }, { "field": "severe_storm_exposure", "value": "North Dakota sits in the upper-Midwest severe convective storm corridor. NOAA SPC records since 1950 show 9,761 hail events, 1,702 tornadoes (avg 22.7 per year), and 6,374 damaging-wind events. The state averages roughly 86 to 225 reported hail events per year depending on source and reporting threshold. Hail is the dominant catastrophe-loss driver for ND homeowners insurance, not wildfire or hurricane.", "value_json": { "spc_records_since_1950": { "tornadoes": 1702, "hail_events": 9761, "damaging_wind_events": 6374 }, "tornadoes_per_year_avg_1950_2025": 22.7, "hail_events_per_year_avg_low": 86, "hail_events_per_year_avg_high": 225, "tornado_intensity_share": { "EF0_EF1_pct": 87, "EF2_plus_pct": 13 }, "record_hailstone_inches": 8, "record_hailstone_location": "Eddy County", "record_hailstone_date": "1969-07-21", "record_wind_gust_mph": 127, "record_wind_gust_location": "Sargent County (Straubville)", "record_wind_gust_date": "2011-07-10", "national_tornado_rank": 19 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.weather.gov/bis/ndtorhistory", "source_name": "NOAA National Weather Service Bismarck / Storm Prediction Center", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Severe convective storms (hail, tornado, straight-line wind) are the defining homeowners-insurance peril in ND. The 8.00-inch Eddy County 1969 hailstone is one of the largest measured in U.S. history. The 86 vs 225 hail-events-per-year discrepancy reflects different reporting thresholds (insured-loss-events vs all SPC reports including non-severe)." }, { "field": "recent_catastrophe_event", "value": "June 20, 2025 derecho and tornado outbreak across southern North Dakota: discrete supercell produced up to 3-inch hail through Jamestown; widespread derecho winds with peak measured gusts of 101 mph near Linton and 99 mph in northern Kidder County; multiple tornadoes including one EF-2 north of Sweet Briar Lake and two EF-1s near Medina and east-northeast of Carrington; extensive structural damage including a destroyed shop near Lincoln (one injury) and a destroyed pole barn near Baldwin with debris scattered 300 feet.", "value_json": { "event_date": "2025-06-20", "event_type": "derecho and tornado outbreak", "max_hail_size_inches": 3, "max_hail_location": "Jamestown", "peak_wind_gust_mph": 101, "peak_wind_gust_location": "5 miles NW of Linton (NDAWN station)", "secondary_wind_gust_mph": 99, "secondary_wind_gust_location": "northern Kidder County", "hurricane_force_wind_duration_hours": "1-2", "tornado_count_rated": 3, "tornado_ratings": [ "EF-2 (Sweet Briar Lake)", "EF-1 (Medina)", "EF-1 (Carrington)" ], "additional_unrated_tornadoes_near": [ "New Salem", "Verona", "Washburn" ], "injuries_reported": 1 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.weather.gov/bis/SevereWx06202025", "source_name": "NOAA National Weather Service Bismarck", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The June 20, 2025 event is part of the broader June 19-22 2025 northern Plains derecho and tornado outbreak. Industry losses from severe convective storms in 2024 were record-setting nationally (Swiss Re estimated ~$51B globally from severe convective storms in 2024); ND's contribution flows through carrier loss ratios that drive rate filings the following year." }, { "field": "flood_exposure", "value": "North Dakota's principal flood peril is Red River Valley spring-flood flooding caused by the river's northward flow (southern reaches thaw while northern channels remain frozen, causing backups). The 1997 and 2009 Red River floods inundated more than 2,200 square miles across the ND-MN border. Standard homeowners policies exclude flood; coverage requires a separate NFIP policy (or private flood) with a 30-day waiting period. NFIP residential limits: $250,000 building / $100,000 contents.", "value_json": { "primary_flood_peril": "Red River Valley spring snowmelt flooding", "secondary_perils": [ "Souris River flooding", "Devils Lake basin flooding", "summer-storm flash flooding" ], "1997_2009_inundation_area_sq_miles": 2200, "homeowners_policy_flood_coverage": false, "nfip_building_limit_usd": 250000, "nfip_contents_limit_usd": 100000, "nfip_waiting_period_days": 30, "share_of_flood_claims_from_outside_high_risk_zones_pct": 25, "doi_consumer_page": "https://www.insurance.nd.gov/consumers/insurance/flood" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nd.gov/consumers/insurance/flood", "source_name": "North Dakota Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Flood is a meaningful tail risk in ND but is separately insured through NFIP, so it does not show up as a homeowners-policy non-renewal driver the way hail does. Devils Lake has been a long-running ND-specific flood story (basin has no natural outlet; lake level has tracked extreme decadal cycles)." }, { "field": "carriers_in_market", "value": "North Dakota's homeowners market is dominated by State Farm, locally based Nodak Insurance Company (subsidiary of NI Holdings, Inc., NASDAQ: NODK), and a mix of national admitted carriers including Farmers Mutual, American Family, Allstate, and farm-bureau mutuals. Nodak is the largest domestic property and casualty insurer in ND and the leading insurer of farm property, formed in 1946 as the captive carrier for the North Dakota Farm Bureau.", "value_json": { "top_writers_by_premium": [ "State Farm", "Nodak Insurance Company / NI Holdings (NODK)" ], "other_significant_writers": [ "Farmers Mutual", "American Family", "Allstate", "Auto-Owners", "farm bureau mutuals" ], "largest_domestic_carrier": { "name": "Nodak Insurance Company", "parent": "NI Holdings, Inc.", "ticker": "NASDAQ: NODK", "founded": 1946, "structure_history": "Mutual 1946-2017; reorganized as stock company under NI Holdings via 2017 IPO", "affiliation": "North Dakota Farm Bureau (NDFB) captive carrier and exclusive endorsement", "lines": [ "private passenger auto", "homeowners", "farmowners", "commercial multi-peril", "crop hail", "Federal multi-peril crop" ] } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nodakins.com/about.php", "source_name": "Nodak Insurance Company / NI Holdings, Inc.", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "ND does not publish a granular state-level homeowners market-share table comparable to NHID's. Confidence is medium for the rank-ordering; high-confidence verification requires a current NAIC Market Share Report for ND homeowners (most recent: 2024). Nodak's history (1946 mutual; 2017 conversion to stock via NI Holdings IPO) is from primary company filings and Insurance Journal coverage." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rate_state", "value": "The U.S. Senate Budget Committee's December 2024 staff report and accompanying public dataset on county-level homeowners non-renewals (2018-2023, from 23 insurers representing ~65% of the market) found rising non-renewal rates concentrated in California, Florida, Louisiana, and Texas, but also flagged the Northern Rockies, the Carolinas, New England, Oklahoma, and Hawaii. ND was not called out as a high-non-renewal hotspot in the Committee's narrative. No state-level aggregate ND non-renewal percentage has been published by the ND Insurance Department.", "value_json": { "narrative_status": "low to moderate; not flagged as a Senate Budget Committee hotspot", "senate_budget_committee_report_url": "https://www.budget.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/next_to_fall_the_climate-driven_insurance_crisis_is_here__and_getting_worse.pdf", "senate_data_years": "2018-2023", "senate_data_carriers": 23, "senate_data_market_share_pct": 65, "doi_published_state_aggregate": false }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.budget.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/next_to_fall_the_climate-driven_insurance_crisis_is_here__and_getting_worse.pdf", "source_name": "U.S. Senate Budget Committee Staff Report December 2024", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The Senate Budget Committee released raw county-level non-renewal data for all 50 states plus DC; a researcher with the dataset could compute ND-county-level non-renewal rates directly. The headline finding is that ND is not in the top tier of climate-driven non-renewal pressure, despite real hail loss exposure. Re-pull the underlying CSV/Excel when the next-tier-of-pages work begins." }, { "field": "mitigation_credits", "value": "North Dakota has no statewide statutory mandate requiring carriers to credit specific home-hardening measures (impact-resistant roofing, hail-resistant materials, wind mitigation) on homeowners policies. Mitigation discounts in ND are voluntary and carrier-specific. Many ND carriers do offer Class 4 impact-resistant roof discounts given hail exposure, but the discount is policy-form-driven rather than a regulatory floor.", "value_json": { "mandate": "none", "voluntary_credits_common_for": [ "Class 4 impact-resistant roof", "wind-resistant construction", "monitored alarm systems" ], "council_status": "none active analogous to AZ's 2024-2025 DIFI Resiliency and Mitigation Council", "contrast_ca": "California requires recognition of community-mitigation efforts under Safer From Wildfires regulation (10 CCR 2644.9)", "contrast_tx": "Texas has rulemaking history on hail-resistant roof discounts but ND has no parallel" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nd.gov/consumers/insurance/homeowners-renters", "source_name": "North Dakota Insurance Department", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Confidence medium because the negative finding (no statutory mandate) is well-supported but the positive list of voluntary carrier credits varies widely by company and is not enumerated in a single ND primary source. Homeowners considering a roof replacement should ask their carrier in writing what hail-mitigation credits apply to which UL-2218 / FM 4473 impact rating." }, { "field": "recent_legislation", "value": "SB 2374 (69th Legislative Assembly, 2025): An act creating new sections to chapters 26.1-30, 26.1-39, 26.1-44, and 26.1-46, and amending sections in chapters 26.1-02, 26.1-25, and 26.1-26 of the ND Century Code, relating to mandatory arbitration endorsements for property insurance, managed repair programs, civil remedy actions against property insurers, notice of property insurance claims, and surplus lines insurance policies. Signed by Governor April 30, 2025; effective August 1, 2025. Most operationally significant change: simplified surplus lines placement (eliminated the SFN 4818 diligent search form; allows placement when the producer is aware admitted coverage is unavailable or when referred by a licensed ND producer).", "value_json": { "bill": "SB 2374", "session": "69th Legislative Assembly (2025)", "signed_date": "2025-04-30", "effective_date": "2025-08-01", "chapters_amended": [ "26.1-02", "26.1-25", "26.1-26", "26.1-30", "26.1-39", "26.1-44", "26.1-46" ], "key_provisions": [ "mandatory arbitration endorsements for property insurance", "managed repair program rules", "civil remedy actions against property insurers", "notice of property insurance claims", "simplified surplus lines placement (no diligent search form required)" ], "surplus_lines_change_summary": "may place with non-admitted carrier when producer is aware admitted market lacks the full amount/type of coverage, or when referred by a licensed ND producer; ND Insurance and Securities Department Surplus Lines online application is the reporting channel", "bill_overview_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/assembly/69-2025/regular/bill-overview/bo2374.html" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/assembly/69-2025/regular/bill-overview/bo2374.html", "source_name": "North Dakota Legislative Branch", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "SB 2374 is the most recent meaningful ND property-insurance statutory change. The combined arbitration / managed repair / surplus lines liberalization is consistent with a market where carriers are pushing for faster claims-resolution mechanics in a high-hail-frequency state. No FAIR Plan legislation has been introduced in ND as of the 2025 session." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Apr 30, 2025: Governor Armstrong signs SB 2374 (69th Legislative Assembly), amending N.D.C.C. chapters 26.1-02, 26.1-25, 26.1-26, 26.1-30, 26.1-39, 26.1-44, and 26.1-46. The Act restricts mandatory arbitration endorsements on personal-lines property policies, codifies managed-repair-program disclosure rules, opens civil-remedy actions against property insurers for unreasonable claim handling, and updates notice-of-cancellation procedures. Jun 20, 2025: derecho and tornado outbreak across southern North Dakota. A discrete supercell dropped 3-inch hail through Jamestown; the derecho produced peak measured gusts of 101 mph near Linton and 99 mph in northern Kidder County. Multiple tornadoes touched down, including an EF-2 north of Sweet (Cass County). No fatalities reported. 2014-2024: 9 confirmed billion-dollar weather and climate disasters affected ND (NOAA NCEI, CPI-adjusted, data frozen at 2024; Climate Central now maintains the ongoing dataset), driven primarily by severe convective storms and drought. The 2020-2024 5-year average of 1.2 events per year tracks above the 1980-2024 long-run average of approximately 0.5 events per year.", "value_json": { "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-04-30", "event": "Governor Armstrong signs SB 2374 (property-insurance reform package: arbitration, managed repair, civil remedies, cancellation notice)" }, { "date": "2025-07-01", "event": "SB 2214 effective: ND Insurance Department merges with ND Securities Department to form the North Dakota Insurance and Securities Department; Jon Godfread continues as commissioner" }, { "date": "2025-06-20", "event": "Southern ND derecho and tornado outbreak: 101 mph winds, 3-inch hail through Jamestown, EF-2 tornado near Sweet" }, { "date": "2024", "event": "Zero NCEI billion-dollar disasters in ND (the only zero year of the 2020-2024 window)" }, { "date": "2023", "event": "Two NCEI billion-dollar disasters in ND (severe storms)" }, { "date": "2020-2024", "event": "5-year annual average climbs to 1.2 billion-dollar events per year (NCEI data, frozen at 2024; Climate Central maintains ongoing tracking)" } ], "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 0, "label": "0" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "North Dakota billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI; data frozen at 2024 - Climate Central maintains ongoing tracking)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.climatecentral.org/climate-matters/billion-dollar-disasters-2025", "chartable_source_name": "Climate Central / NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters (1980-2024)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/assembly/69-2025/regular/bill-overview/bo2374.html", "source_name": "North Dakota Legislative Branch / NOAA NWS Bismarck / NOAA NCEI via Climate Central", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Compiled from existing nd.json data_points (recent_legislation SB 2374 + recent_catastrophe_event 2025-06-20 derecho + severe_storm_exposure). Re-pull at next NDOI bulletin cycle and after each NWS Bismarck major-event case study. Chart data is the NOAA NCEI billion-dollar disaster count, parse cross-validated against NCEI's own page-stated 1yr/3yr/5yr/all-time totals on 2026-05-27." }, { "field": "surplus_lines_role", "value": "Surplus lines is the de facto residual market in North Dakota. Eligible surplus lines insurers must register with the ND Insurance Department under N.D.C.C. 26.1-44-03 and meet a minimum $15M capital and surplus requirement (or be on the NAIC IID Quarterly Listing of Alien Insurers for foreign carriers). Surplus lines producer licenses renew annually by April 30. Effective August 1, 2025 (SB 2374), the prior diligent search form requirement was eliminated; placement is permitted when the producer is aware admitted coverage is unavailable or when referred by a licensed ND producer.", "value_json": { "regulator": "North Dakota Insurance Department", "statute": "N.D.C.C. ch. 26.1-44", "minimum_us_carrier_capital_usd": 15000000, "foreign_carrier_requirement": "NAIC IID Quarterly Listing of Alien Insurers", "producer_license_renewal_date": "April 30", "carrier_registration_renewal_date": "March 1", "sb_2374_effective_date": "2025-08-01", "diligent_search_form_required_post_sb2374": false, "guaranty_fund_note": "Surplus lines policies are not backed by the North Dakota Insurance Guaranty Association (N.D.C.C. 26.1-42.1)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nd.gov/producers/other-licenses/surplus-lines", "source_name": "North Dakota Insurance Department Surplus Lines", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "ND does not publish a per-year surplus lines premium volume figure that breaks out homeowners from commercial. Industry trackers (WSIA mid-2025) show roughly 13% YoY national surplus lines premium growth; ND-specific homeowners surplus lines volume is not separately reported by the Department." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "No major public carrier-exit or pause announcements specific to North Dakota analogous to State Farm / Allstate / Farmers in California 2023 have been issued through May 2026. The ND market story has been rate increases (roughly 33% from January 2023 to April 2024) and tighter underwriting on roof age and prior hail claims, rather than wholesale carrier retreat. Local-mutual capacity (Nodak / farm bureau carriers) provides a backstop that California-style market dislocation lacks.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "(market aggregate)", "action": "no ND-specific public pullback or pause announcements located through May 2026", "date": "2023-2026", "source": "ND Insurance Department press releases / news search" }, { "carrier": "(market aggregate)", "action": "underwriting tightening on roof age and prior hail claim history (industry trend)", "date": "2023-2025", "source": "industry coverage of hail-driven non-renewal practices" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nd.gov/news", "source_name": "North Dakota Insurance Department News", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Confidence medium because absence-of-evidence is harder to verify than presence-of-evidence. The structural reason ND has not seen a California-style carrier retreat: hail loss is well-understood actuarially, the dominant peril is priced rather than catastrophic-tail, and local mutual carriers (Nodak in particular) anchor capacity. Individual homeowners with multiple hail claims have been non-renewed; that is different from a carrier withdrawing from the state." }, { "field": "consumer_guidance", "value": "If admitted carriers decline you in North Dakota, your options are: (1) shop with an independent agent across the broad ND admitted market (State Farm, Nodak, Farmers Mutual, American Family, Allstate, Auto-Owners, farm bureau mutuals); (2) work with an ND-licensed surplus lines producer who can place coverage with a non-admitted carrier registered under N.D.C.C. 26.1-44, recognizing that surplus lines policies are not backed by the North Dakota Insurance Guaranty Association (N.D.C.C. 26.1-42.1) and rates are not approved by the Insurance Department; (3) file a complaint with the ND Insurance Department Consumer Assistance at (701) 328-2440 or (800) 247-0560 or insurance@nd.gov if you believe a cancellation or nonrenewal was improper.", "value_json": { "options": [ "shop with independent agent across the ND admitted market", "surplus lines via licensed ND producer (no NDIGA backing)", "complaint to ND Insurance Department Consumer Assistance" ], "no_fair_plan_fallback": true, "statutes": [ "N.D.C.C. 26.1-44 (surplus lines)", "N.D.C.C. 26.1-42.1 (guaranty fund)", "N.D.C.C. 26.1-39 (standard fire policy)", "N.D.C.C. 26.1-30.1 (commercial cancellation)" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nd.gov/consumers/insurance/homeowners-renters", "source_name": "North Dakota Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The no-NDIGA-backing point is the single most important consumer-protection caveat when moving into the surplus lines market in ND. Document any hail damage with dated photos and a public-adjuster estimate before filing, and ask the carrier in writing whether a single claim has triggered nonrenewal." }, { "field": "key_statutes", "value": "Core North Dakota homeowners-insurance statutes: N.D.C.C. ch. 26.1-25 (rate filings, file-and-use framework); N.D.C.C. ch. 26.1-30.1 (cancellation and nonrenewal of commercial insurance, applied by parallel to personal lines policy forms); N.D.C.C. ch. 26.1-39 (property and casualty insurance, including the standard fire policy form anchored to the 1943 New York Standard Fire Insurance Policy at 26.1-39-06); N.D.C.C. ch. 26.1-42.1 (North Dakota Insurance Guaranty Association); N.D.C.C. ch. 26.1-44 (surplus lines insurance, $15M minimum capital, no diligent search form required post SB 2374).", "value_json": { "ch_26_1_25": "rate and form filings; file-and-use framework for personal P&C", "ch_26_1_30_1": "cancellation and nonrenewal of commercial insurance (parallel framework applied to personal lines via policy forms)", "ch_26_1_39": "property and casualty insurance; standard fire insurance policy required to conform to 1943 NY Standard Fire form (26.1-39-06)", "ch_26_1_42_1": "North Dakota Insurance Guaranty Association; admitted carriers only", "ch_26_1_44": "surplus lines; $15M minimum capital; SB 2374 (2025) eliminated diligent search form requirement" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t26-1.html", "source_name": "North Dakota Century Code Title 26.1 (North Dakota Legislative Branch)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "These statutes are the basis for every consumer-rights conversation in ND homeowners insurance. The 1943 NY Standard Fire Policy anchor at N.D.C.C. 26.1-39-06 is shared with most U.S. states and is the source of the contractual notice provisions that govern actual homeowner cancellation experience in ND." }, { "field": "post_disaster_protection", "value": "North Dakota does not have a standing post-disaster nonrenewal moratorium analogous to California's Cal. Ins. Code 675.1 (one-year nonrenewal moratorium in declared-wildfire ZIP codes). The Insurance Commissioner may issue bulletins or orders following declared disasters but lacks emergency moratorium authority to suspend nonrenewals across affected ZIP codes by order. SB 2374 (2025) added new property-insurance claim notice provisions that may interact with post-event claims handling.", "value_json": { "standing_moratorium": false, "moratorium_authority": "none statutory", "bulletins_after_declared_disaster": "case-by-case Commissioner action", "contrast_ca": "California Cal. Ins. Code 675.1 (one-year nonrenewal moratorium in declared-wildfire ZIP codes)", "single_claim_protection": "none statutory; no NH-style single-claim nonrenewal bar" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nd.gov/", "source_name": "North Dakota Insurance Department", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "ND's lack of statutory post-disaster moratorium authority is consistent with most non-coastal Plains states. For a CA-style multi-ZIP suspension after a declared event (e.g., the June 2025 derecho), ND would require new legislation. Confidence medium for the negative finding." }, { "field": "market_outlook_2026", "value": "North Dakota's homeowners market is structurally stable but cost-pressured. The dominant forward risk is continued severe convective storm losses (the 2025 hail and tornado seasons were active; the June 20 2025 derecho and tornado outbreak produced 3-inch hail and 101 mph winds). Premium growth has been roughly 33% from January 2023 to April 2024 and is likely to continue at single-to-low-double-digit annual pace driven by reinsurance pricing and roof claim severity. No FAIR Plan is on the legislative agenda; SB 2374 (2025) instead liberalized surplus lines placement as the policy response to admitted-market underwriting tightening.", "value_json": { "market_characterization_2026": "stable but cost-pressured; rate-driven rather than availability-driven", "principal_forward_risks": [ "continued severe convective storm losses (hail, tornado, derecho)", "reinsurance pricing flow-through to admitted carriers", "construction cost inflation on roof replacements", "carrier underwriting tightening on roof age and prior hail claims" ], "premium_growth_jan_2023_apr_2024_pct": 33, "expected_2026_premium_pressure": "moderate; mid-single-digit to low-double-digit annual", "fair_plan_likelihood": "low; no legislative action; SB 2374 (2025) liberalized surplus lines instead" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.weather.gov/bis/SevereWx06202025", "source_name": "NOAA NWS Bismarck / ND Legislative Branch SB 2374", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Forward-looking synthesis; treat individual items as medium confidence. The structural story for ND remains that hail loss is the dominant peril, carriers price it rather than retreat from it, and local-mutual capacity (Nodak) anchors the market in a way California lacks." }, { "field": "industry_data_sources", "value": "Authoritative ND-specific datasets for tracking homeowners-insurance availability and pricing: (1) North Dakota Insurance Department news and publications at insurance.nd.gov; (2) NAIC Market Share Reports for ND (homeowners); (3) U.S. Senate Budget Committee 2024 non-renewal data call (county-level, 23 carriers, ~65% market, 2018-2023); (4) NOAA SPC Storm Events Database and NWS Bismarck severe-weather history for hail / tornado / wind exposure; (5) NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters state summary for ND; (6) North Dakota Century Code Title 26.1 (ndlegis.gov) for statutory framework; (7) NI Holdings (NODK) SEC filings for Nodak Insurance financials.", "value_json": { "doi_news": "https://www.insurance.nd.gov/news", "doi_consumer": "https://www.insurance.nd.gov/consumers/insurance/homeowners-renters", "century_code": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t26-1.html", "senate_budget_committee_2024": { "url": "https://www.budget.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/next_to_fall_the_climate-driven_insurance_crisis_is_here__and_getting_worse.pdf", "level": "county", "years": "2018-2023" }, "noaa_nws_bismarck_severe_history": "https://www.weather.gov/bis/ndtorhistory", "noaa_ncei_billion_dollar_state_summary": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/ND", "ni_holdings_sec_filings": "https://www.niholdingsinc.com/about-us" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nd.gov/", "source_name": "North Dakota Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Unlike NH or CA, ND does not publish an annual Homeowners Market Data Call Report; the closest equivalents are NAIC Market Share Reports and the Senate Budget Committee dataset. Re-pull the next NAIC homeowners report when it lands (typically Q3 of the following year)." } ] }, { "code": "NE", "name": "Nebraska", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/nebraska-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "no", "value_json": { "status": "no", "note": "Nebraska has no state FAIR Plan and no state-backed insurer of last resort for homeowners. NE is not a PIPSO member. The Nebraska Department of Insurance directs homeowners who cannot find admitted-market coverage to the surplus-lines (non-admitted) market via NDOI-licensed surplus-lines producers under the Surplus Lines Insurance Act (Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-5501 to 44-5515)." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.nebraska.gov/surplus-lines", "source_name": "Nebraska Department of Insurance, Surplus Lines", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Cross-checked against PIPSO's national member list (pipso.com/members) which does not include Nebraska, and the U.S. Treasury FIO state residual-market list which shows no NE FAIR/Beach/JUA mechanism. Nebraska is one of the small set of severe-convective-storm-belt states (with TX, OK, KS being PIPSO members; NE, IA, SD, ND, MN being non-members) that has historically relied entirely on the admitted and surplus-lines markets." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "no plan", "value_json": { "name": null, "note": "no Nebraska FAIR Plan exists; coverage of last resort is the surplus-lines / non-admitted (E&S) market, brokered through NE-licensed surplus-lines producers and overseen by NDOI under the Surplus Lines Insurance Act, Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-5501 to 44-5515" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.nebraska.gov/surplus-lines", "source_name": "Nebraska Department of Insurance, Surplus Lines", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "A surplus-lines producer must hold both a Nebraska insurance producer license and a separate surplus-lines license; non-admitted insurers must possess capital and surplus of at least $15 million or the state minimum, whichever is greater. Surplus-lines premiums are taxed at 3 percent of gross premium under Neb. Rev. Stat. 77-907." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "no plan website; NDOI consumer page at doi.nebraska.gov is the closest equivalent", "value_json": { "url": null, "doi_consumer_page": "https://doi.nebraska.gov/consumer", "surplus_lines_page": "https://doi.nebraska.gov/surplus-lines", "surplus_lines_faq": "https://doi.nebraska.gov/surplus-lines-faq", "file_complaint_page": "https://doi.nebraska.gov/consumer/file-complaint" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.nebraska.gov/consumer", "source_name": "Nebraska Department of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "There is no Nebraska FAIR Plan website because there is no Nebraska FAIR Plan. NDOI's consumer page is the official starting point for homeowners having trouble finding coverage; surplus lines is the practical fallback." }, { "field": "residual_market_structure", "value": "Surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S) market; no FAIR Plan, no Beach Plan, no JUA, no state-backed insurer of last resort. NE is not a PIPSO member.", "value_json": { "primary_path": "surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S)", "regulator": "Nebraska Department of Insurance (NDOI)", "surplus_lines_statute": "Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-5501 to 44-5515 (Surplus Lines Insurance Act)", "tax_rate_pct": 3, "tax_statute": "Neb. Rev. Stat. 77-907", "min_capital_non_admitted_usd": 15000000, "no_fair_plan": true, "no_jua": true, "pipso_member": false, "guaranty_fund_excludes_surplus_lines": true }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/display_html.php?begin_section=44-5501&end_section=44-5515", "source_name": "Nebraska Revised Statutes 44-5501 to 44-5515 (Surplus Lines Insurance Act)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "When admitted carriers decline a property, a Nebraska-licensed surplus-lines producer can place the risk with an eligible non-admitted insurer. Surplus-lines policies are not backed by the Nebraska Property and Liability Insurance Guaranty Association (Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-2401 et seq.); only admitted carriers are covered. This is the consumer-protection trade-off." }, { "field": "regulatory_authority", "value": "Nebraska Department of Insurance (NDOI)", "value_json": { "name": "Nebraska Department of Insurance", "abbrev": "NDOI", "url": "https://doi.nebraska.gov/", "mailing_address": "PO Box 95087, Lincoln, NE 68509-5087", "main_phone": "(402) 471-2201", "consumer_hotline": "(877) 564-7323", "hours": "8:00 AM to 5:00 PM CST Mon-Fri", "complaint_email": "doi.insurancecomplaints@nebraska.gov", "rate_authority_note": "NE is a file-and-use state for personal-lines property/casualty rate filings under Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-7508" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.nebraska.gov/about/about-department-insurance", "source_name": "Nebraska Department of Insurance, About", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Director: Eric Dunning. NDOI oversees 156,000+ licensed agents, 11,000+ business entities, and 155 domestic insurers with combined assets exceeding $1.1 trillion. Address, phone, and email verified from NDOI's own consumer and about pages." }, { "field": "commissioner", "value": "Eric Dunning", "value_json": { "name": "Eric Dunning", "title": "Director, Nebraska Department of Insurance", "assumed_office": "2021-04-19", "appointed_by_governor_pillen": "2023-01-05", "term_end": "2027-01-07", "naic_role": "International Insurance Relations Committee Chair (NAIC)", "iais_role": "Member, Executive Committee, International Association of Insurance Supervisors", "prior_role": "NDOI staff attorney (15 years); Director of Government Affairs at Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Nebraska (7 years)", "education": "BA, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; JD, University of Notre Dame Law School" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.nebraska.gov/about/about-department-insurance", "source_name": "Nebraska Department of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Dunning originally took office under Gov. Ricketts (April 2021) and was reappointed under Gov. Pillen (January 2023). His current term runs through January 7, 2027. He chairs the NAIC International Insurance Relations Committee in 2026." }, { "field": "DOI_contact", "value": "NDOI Consumer Affairs: (402) 471-2201 (main) or (877) 564-7323 (in-state hotline). Email: doi.insurancecomplaints@nebraska.gov. File a complaint: https://sbs.naic.org/solar-web/pages/public/onlineComplaintForm/onlineComplaintForm.jsf?state=NE", "value_json": { "main_phone": "(402) 471-2201", "consumer_hotline": "(877) 564-7323", "complaint_email": "doi.insurancecomplaints@nebraska.gov", "online_complaint_url": "https://sbs.naic.org/solar-web/pages/public/onlineComplaintForm/onlineComplaintForm.jsf?state=NE", "complaint_landing_page": "https://doi.nebraska.gov/consumer/file-complaint", "spanish_version_available": true, "mailing_address": "Nebraska Department of Insurance, PO Box 95087, Lincoln, NE 68509-5087", "hours": "8:00 AM to 5:00 PM CST Mon-Fri" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.nebraska.gov/consumer/file-complaint", "source_name": "Nebraska Department of Insurance, File a Complaint", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Phone numbers, email, and online portal URL verified from NDOI's File a Complaint page. NDOI cannot order claim payments, determine fault, provide legal advice, or set claim value, but it does mediate disputes and investigate unfair practices." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Nebraska requires at least 60 days' written notice of cancellation or nonrenewal of property, marine, or liability insurance under Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-522, with the specific reason stated in the notice. A 10-day notice is allowed only for nonpayment of premium or for policies with a specified term of 60 days or fewer. Permitted grounds for cancellation after 60 days in force are limited to: nonpayment, material misrepresentation, fraudulent claims, policy violation, substantially increased risk, certified reinsurance loss, or regulatory compliance.", "value_json": { "nonrenewal_notice_days": 60, "cancellation_notice_days": 60, "short_notice_days_nonpayment_or_short_term": 10, "statute_notice": "Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-522", "post_disaster_moratorium": "no standing statutory moratorium", "rate_approval_regime": "file-and-use (Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-7508)", "delivery_methods": [ "registered mail", "certified mail", "first-class mail", "first-class mail with USPS Intelligent Mail Barcode" ], "permitted_cancellation_grounds": [ "nonpayment of premium", "material misrepresentation", "fraudulent claims", "policy violation", "substantially increased risk", "certified reinsurance loss", "regulatory compliance" ] }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=44-522", "source_name": "Nebraska Revised Statute 44-522", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "60-day notice is among the longer notice windows in the Plains region (compare KS, IA at 30-60 days). Nebraska does not have a California-style post-disaster nonrenewal moratorium, but the statutory grounds for cancellation are narrowly defined, which gives homeowners meaningful protection against arbitrary midterm cancellation." }, { "field": "rate_approval_regime", "value": "Nebraska is a file-and-use state for personal-lines property/casualty rate filings under Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-7508. Carriers must file rates with NDOI but may use them after filing without prior approval, subject to NDOI's authority to disapprove rates that are excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory.", "value_json": { "regime": "file-and-use", "statute": "Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-7508", "doi_authority": "NDOI may disapprove a rate after filing if it is excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory; carriers may use rates without prior approval", "contrast_nh": "New Hampshire is a prior-approval state under RSA 412", "implication_2024_premium_surge": "the file-and-use regime is one structural reason carriers were able to pass through the 22 percent statewide rate increase in 2024 without a regulatory bottleneck" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/browse-chapters.php?chapter=44", "source_name": "Nebraska Revised Statutes Chapter 44 (Insurance)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "File-and-use is the prevailing regime; confirm against NDOI's Property and Casualty Division Form and Rate Filing Requirements (HOchecklist2026.pdf) before quoting the exact section. Confidence is medium because the binary PDF could not be machine-parsed; the regime classification is corroborated by NDOI rate-filing guidance documents but the precise statutory citation should be confirmed at human review." }, { "field": "dominant_perils", "value": "Severe convective storms (tornadoes, hail, straight-line winds) are by far the dominant peril in Nebraska. The state sits in the heart of both Tornado Alley and Hail Alley (the traditional Hail Alley triangle of Colorado, Nebraska, and Wyoming). NOAA SPC records 3,333 confirmed tornadoes, 24,325 hailstorm events, and 13,045 damaging-wind events in Nebraska since 1950. Severe storms account for 44 of Nebraska's billion-dollar weather/climate disasters since 1980 per NCEI, compared with 13 droughts, 5 floods, 2 freezes, 1 wildfire, and 1 winter storm.", "value_json": { "primary_perils": [ "tornado", "hail", "straight-line wind" ], "spc_tornadoes_since_1950": 3333, "spc_hailstorm_events_since_1950": 24325, "spc_damaging_wind_events_since_1950": 13045, "ncei_billion_dollar_severe_storm_events_1980_2024": 44, "ncei_billion_dollar_drought_events": 13, "ncei_billion_dollar_flood_events": 5, "ncei_billion_dollar_freeze_events": 2, "ncei_billion_dollar_wildfire_events": 1, "ncei_billion_dollar_winter_storm_events": 1, "ncei_annual_avg_1980_2024_events": 1.5, "ncei_annual_avg_2020_2024_events": 4.4, "hail_alley_states": [ "CO", "NE", "WY" ], "peak_hail_months_share_of_reports": { "June": 31, "May": 21, "July": 19 } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/NE", "source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters, Nebraska State Summary", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 1.5 events/year long-run average vs 4.4 events/year for 2020-2024 is the headline structural shift: billion-dollar disaster frequency in Nebraska has roughly tripled in the last five years vs the 45-year average. This is the actuarial story behind the 22 percent premium surge. Source: NCEI state summary page (data verified by analyst search; the page itself blocks WebFetch with a long load time, but the figures are corroborated across multiple NCEI access points)." }, { "field": "april_2024_outbreak", "value": "The April 25-28, 2024 tornado outbreak produced five EF-3 and two EF-2 tornadoes in Nebraska and southwestern Iowa, including a high-end EF3 that struck northeastern Lincoln (Lancaster County) and another EF3 that tore through Omaha, Elkhorn, and Council Bluffs. CoreLogic estimates approximately 1,203 homes were lost in Nebraska at a residential-rebuild cost of $531 million; total residential rebuild cost for the April 25-26 portion of the outbreak (NE + IA) was approximately $2.1 billion. Reinsurer Gallagher Re estimated total insured losses for the April 25-28 event at $1 billion or more.", "value_json": { "event_window": "2024-04-25 to 2024-04-28", "primary_states": [ "NE", "IA", "OK" ], "nebraska_homes_lost_estimate": 1203, "nebraska_residential_rebuild_cost_usd": 531000000, "ne_ia_residential_rebuild_total_usd": 2100000000, "insured_loss_estimate_usd_min": 1000000000, "ef3_tornado_count": 5, "ef2_tornado_count": 2, "named_strikes": [ "Lincoln (Lancaster County) EF3", "Omaha-Elkhorn-Council Bluffs EF3", "Waverly (I-80 corridor)" ], "follow_on_event_may_2024": "May 20-21 outbreak (14 NE tornadoes including 1 EF3 and 1 EF4); May 24 derecho" }, "unit": "USD", "source_url": "https://www.claimsjournal.com/news/national/2024/05/01/323342.htm", "source_name": "Claims Journal (May 1, 2024): Late April Tornadoes Affected 7K Properties, $2.1B Reconstruction Cost", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The April 25-28 event is the proximate cause of the 22 percent Nebraska rate surge in 2024. CoreLogic's residential-rebuild number ($531M for NE) and Gallagher Re's insured-loss estimate ($1B+ for the full event) are the two cleanest primary attributions; Claims Journal carries the CoreLogic data (CoreLogic has since rebranded to Cotality and the original Hazard HQ URL 301-redirects to a now-404 page; Claims Journal preserves the figures). The follow-on May events compounded the loss year materially." }, { "field": "premium_growth_2024", "value": "Nebraska homeowners insurance premiums rose approximately 22.7 percent (weighted average) in 2024 per S&P Global Market Intelligence rate-filing aggregation, the largest one-year jump nationally. Nebraska ranked sole #1; Montana ranked #2 at 22 percent and Iowa ranked #3 at 21.1 percent. Secondary rate-quote aggregators place the 2025 Nebraska average annual premium in the $4,785-$6,587 range depending on dwelling size and methodology, making Nebraska one of the most expensive states for homeowners insurance in absolute dollars. The NAIC Dwelling Fire and Homeowners Insurance Report (next edition expected late 2026 covering 2024 data) is the authoritative primary source.", "value_json": { "premium_growth_2024_sp_global_pct": 22.7, "premium_growth_2024_rank": 1, "premium_growth_2024_rank_note": "sole #1 nationally per S&P Global Market Intelligence; not tied", "rank_2_state": "Montana", "rank_2_pct": 22, "rank_3_state": "Iowa", "rank_3_pct": 21.1, "2025_avg_annual_premium_usd_range": { "low": 4785, "high": 6587 }, "2025_estimate_aggregator_high_usd": 6587, "2025_estimate_aggregator_midhigh_usd": 6277, "2025_estimate_aggregator_mid_usd": 6015, "2025_estimate_aggregator_low_usd": 4785, "primary_drivers": [ "April 25-28 2024 tornado outbreak ($1B+ insured)", "May 2024 tornado/hail/derecho events", "structurally rising severe-convective-storm frequency (NCEI 1.5/yr vs 4.4/yr last 5 yr)", "reinsurance cost pressure flowing through to admitted carriers", "file-and-use rate regime allowing pass-through" ], "context_note": "five-year cumulative growth approximately 50 percent per Senate Budget Committee data summary" }, "unit": "percent", "source_url": "https://www.carriermanagement.com/news/2025/01/24/270970.htm", "source_name": "Carrier Management (citing S&P Global Market Intelligence rate-filing data, January 2025)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "needs_rescan reason: aggregator estimates (a secondary aggregator / a secondary aggregator / a secondary aggregator / a secondary aggregator) for the 2025 average premium range from $4,785 to $6,587, a 38 percent spread; the NAIC's official Dwelling Fire and Homeowners Insurance Report (next edition expected late 2026 covering 2024 data) is the authoritative primary number. Re-verify against the NAIC report when published. The 22.1 percent a secondary aggregator and 22.7 percent S&P Global figures are well-corroborated." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rate_state", "value": "Per the U.S. Senate Budget Committee's December 2024 staff report and county-level dataset (23 carriers, ~65 percent of national market, 2018-2023), Nebraska is among the next-15 states (beyond FL, LA, CA, TX) where climate-driven nonrenewal rates are rising and premiums have grown roughly 50 percent over three years. NDOI has not published a state-level nonrenewal-rate percentage analogous to the FL OIR Market Conduct Study; the Senate Budget Committee dataset is the cleanest publicly available approximation.", "value_json": { "narrative_status": "elevated and rising; among next-15 states beyond FL/LA/CA/TX", "senate_budget_committee_dataset": { "url": "https://www.budget.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/next_to_fall_the_climate-driven_insurance_crisis_is_here__and_getting_worse.pdf", "level": "county", "years": "2018-2023", "carriers_responding": 23, "market_share_pct": 65 }, "approx_3yr_premium_growth_pct": 50, "ndoi_state_level_nonrenewal_pct_published": false, "comparator_az_2023_pct": 0.8, "comparator_ca_2023_pct": 1.72, "comparator_fl_2023_pct": 2.99 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.budget.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/next_to_fall_the_climate-driven_insurance_crisis_is_here__and_getting_worse.pdf", "source_name": "U.S. Senate Budget Committee, December 2024 staff report", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The Senate Budget Committee report names Nebraska in the next-15 cohort but does not publish a single clean state-aggregate nonrenewal percentage; per-county figures are available in the underlying dataset. Confidence is medium because no NDOI primary publication of a state-level nonrenewal rate has been located as of May 2026; rescan when NDOI publishes its first market conduct or affordability report." }, { "field": "guaranty_fund", "value": "Nebraska Property and Liability Insurance Guaranty Association (NPLIGA) covers claims against insolvent admitted property/casualty carriers under Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-2401 et seq.; it does not cover surplus-lines / non-admitted carriers. The 2025 reform act LB326 amended sections of the guaranty association act alongside the Unfair Insurance Trade Practices Act.", "value_json": { "fund_name": "Nebraska Property and Liability Insurance Guaranty Association", "abbrev": "NPLIGA", "statute": "Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-2401 et seq. (Nebraska Property and Liability Insurance Guaranty Association Act)", "covers": "admitted (licensed) property & casualty insurers", "does_not_cover": "surplus-lines / non-admitted (E&S) insurers; life, title, surety, credit, mortgage guaranty, health", "2025_amendments": "LB326 (approved 2025-04-14) amended sections 44-2403, 44-2405, 44-2406, 44-2407, 44-2411" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/FloorDocs/109/PDF/Slip/LB326.pdf", "source_name": "Nebraska Legislative Bill 326 (2025), slip law", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Critical consumer-protection delta: a Nebraska homeowner forced into the surplus-lines market by a non-renewal loses NPLIGA backstop. This is the practical price of NE having no FAIR Plan plus a thin surplus-lines safety net. Always confirm that any non-admitted carrier is on NDOI's eligibility list before binding." }, { "field": "hail_alley_position", "value": "Nebraska is one of the three core Hail Alley states (with Colorado and Wyoming) and is widely cited as having the highest hail-loss density in the country on a per-capita and per-policy basis. The Hail Alley region averages 7-9 hail days per year. NOAA SPC records show 24,325 hailstorm events in Nebraska since 1955; 31 percent of all Nebraska hail reports between 1955 and 2015 fell in June, 21 percent in May, and 19 percent in July, concentrating insured losses in a 90-day late-spring/early-summer window. Nationally, hail caused $16.5 billion in insured losses in 2021 and an estimated $52+ billion in 2025 (severe convective storm aggregate).", "value_json": { "hail_alley_core_states": [ "CO", "NE", "WY" ], "regional_hail_days_per_year_range": [ 7, 9 ], "spc_ne_hail_events_since_1955": 24325, "ne_hail_reports_share_by_month_1955_2015": { "June_pct": 31, "May_pct": 21, "July_pct": 19 }, "national_hail_insured_loss_2019_usd": 13000000000, "national_hail_insured_loss_2020_usd": 14200000000, "national_hail_insured_loss_2021_usd": 16500000000, "national_severe_convective_storm_insured_loss_2025_usd": 52000000000, "verisk_observation": "hail alley is becoming a hail superhighway as the geographic footprint expands northward into the Midwest and east toward Appalachia" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.verisk.com/4951fd/siteassets/media/campaigns/gated/underwriting/understanding-evolving-hail-risk.pdf", "source_name": "Verisk, Understanding Evolving Hail Risk", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The combination of frequency (Hail Alley), severity (recurring giant hail events), and Nebraska's high penetration of asphalt-shingle and metal-clad construction makes per-policy hail loss density structurally high. This is the underwriting reason carriers in Nebraska have moved toward ACV-on-roof endorsements and higher wind/hail deductibles since 2022." }, { "field": "roof_coverage_practice", "value": "Since 2022-2023, Nebraska homeowners insurance carriers have increasingly shifted roof coverage from replacement cost value (RCV) to actual cash value (ACV) endorsements, with depreciation schedules tied to roof age. This is a market-driven response to hail-loss frequency rather than a statutory mandate; the underlying RCV-vs-ACV structure is governed by policy form, not state law. Nebraska does maintain a statewide matching regulation (210 NAC Chapter 60) requiring insurers to replace materials to a 'reasonably uniform appearance' when matching replacements are unavailable, which protects against partial-side-only roof or siding replacement.", "value_json": { "trend": "shift from RCV to ACV on roof endorsements 2022-2026", "statutory_mandate_for_ACV": false, "matching_regulation_citation": "210 NAC Chapter 60 (UNFAIR PROPERTY AND CASUALTY SETTLEMENT PRACTICES RULE; Section 010 within is titled Standards for Prompt, Fair and Equitable Settlements for Fire and Extended Coverage)", "matching_rule_summary": "when replacement items do not reasonably match in quality, color, or size, insurer shall replace all items in the area so as to conform to a reasonably uniform appearance", "applies_to": [ "roof", "siding", "interior", "exterior" ], "insured_cost_share_above_deductible": false, "ndoi_position": "ACV-on-roof endorsements are a permitted form filing; consumers should review the declarations page and any wind/hail endorsement before binding" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.nebraska.gov/rules-regulations-index", "source_name": "Nebraska Department of Insurance, Rules and Regulations Index (210 NAC Chapter 60)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Matching regulation citation verified at primary (Nebraska Administrative Code) but the ACV-shift narrative is corroborated by trade press (Insurance Information Institute, S&P Global, local news) rather than a single NDOI bulletin. Confidence is medium for the trend characterization; high-confidence quotable statutory text exists for the matching rule itself." }, { "field": "mitigation_credits", "value": "Nebraska has no statutory mandate that carriers credit hail-resistant roofing (Class 4 impact-rated shingles), tornado safe rooms, or home-hardening on homeowners policies. Mitigation discounts in Nebraska are voluntary and carrier-specific. NDOI has not convened a Resiliency or Mitigation Council analogous to Arizona's 2024-2025 DIFI council or California's Safer From Wildfires regulation (10 CCR 2644.9).", "value_json": { "mandate": "none", "voluntary_credits_available_from": [ "varies by carrier", "commonly offered for Class 4 impact-rated shingles, monitored alarms, fortified roofs" ], "council_status": "none active", "contrast_ar_ok": "Arkansas and Oklahoma DOIs both promote Class 4 shingle credits through carrier bulletins; Nebraska has no comparable program", "contrast_ca": "California requires recognition of wildfire mitigation under 10 CCR 2644.9; no Nebraska equivalent for hail or tornado" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.nebraska.gov/consumer", "source_name": "Nebraska Department of Insurance, Consumer", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The negative finding (no mandate) is well-supported by absence of any 210 NAC chapter on mitigation crediting; confidence is medium because a positive carrier-by-carrier voluntary-credit inventory would require a sample of admitted-carrier rate filings. Treat as a clear gap in NE's regulatory toolkit given the state's hail exposure." }, { "field": "recent_legislation", "value": "LB326 (2025): An act to change provisions relating to the Unfair Insurance Trade Practices Act and the Nebraska Property and Liability Insurance Guaranty Association Act; introduced by Sen. Mike Jacobson; approved by Governor Pillen April 14, 2025; passed 47-0 with 2 present-not-voting (final reading; 34-0-12 was an earlier vote on floor amendment AM836, not final passage). Amends sections 44-1523 through 44-1532 and 44-2403 through 44-2411 to redefine key terms, expand the Director's investigation and enforcement powers (penalties up to $30,000 per violation, license revocation), and streamline mutual-insurance-holding-company operations.", "value_json": { "bill": "LB326", "session": "2025 Regular Session (109th Legislature)", "introducer": "Sen. Mike Jacobson, District 42", "signed_date": "2025-04-14", "signing_governor": "Jim Pillen", "vote": { "yes": 34, "no": 0, "present_not_voting": 12 }, "title": "Change provisions relating to the Unfair Insurance Trade Practices Act and the Nebraska Property and Liability Insurance Guaranty Association Act", "key_provisions": [ "redefines key terms in unfair insurance trade practices", "expands Director investigation and enforcement powers", "increases penalties to $30,000 per violation", "permits license revocation for repeat violators", "streamlines mutual insurance holding company operations" ], "related_2018_act": "LB743 (2018) amended the Insured Homeowners Protection Act, Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-8601 to 44-8608, regulating post-loss contracts between homeowners and roofing/exterior contractors" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/FloorDocs/109/PDF/Slip/LB326.pdf", "source_name": "Nebraska Legislature, LB326 (2025) slip law", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "LB326 is the most recent meaningful Nebraska property-insurance statutory change. No FAIR Plan legislation has been introduced in Nebraska as of the 2025 regular session. The Insured Homeowners Protection Act (44-8601 et seq.) remains the primary statute governing post-storm contractor / homeowner relationships and the three-business-day cancellation right." }, { "field": "insured_homeowners_protection_act", "value": "The Nebraska Insured Homeowners Protection Act (Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-8601 to 44-8608, enacted by LB943 in 2012; amended by LB743 in 2018) regulates contracts for roof and exterior-repair work that are contingent on a homeowners insurance claim. Key protections: a 3-business-day right to cancel a residential contractor contract after signing or after learning the insurer will not cover the claim; contractor must return any payment (minus emergency-work costs) within 10 days of cancellation; restrictions on assignment of insurance benefits; required written disclosures.", "value_json": { "statute_range": "Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-8601 to 44-8608", "enacted": "2012 (LB943)", "amended": "2018 (LB743)", "cancellation_window_business_days": 3, "contractor_refund_window_days": 10, "scope": "post-loss contracts to repair or replace roof systems or perform exterior repair, replacement, construction, or reconstruction on residential real estate", "ndoi_brochure_url": "https://doi.nebraska.gov/insured-homeowners-protection-act" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=44-8601", "source_name": "Nebraska Revised Statute 44-8601 (Insured Homeowners Protection Act)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "This act is the primary statutory shield against post-hail-storm 'storm chaser' contractor abuses, which are a significant problem in Nebraska after every major hail event. NDOI publishes a consumer brochure summarizing the rights at doi.nebraska.gov/insured-homeowners-protection-act." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "No Nebraska-specific public carrier-exit / pause announcements analogous to California's State Farm / Allstate / Farmers 2023 pullback have been issued as of May 2026. The dominant Nebraska carrier-side response to the 2024 loss year has been pricing (the 22 percent statewide rate jump in 2024 and ~13 percent expected in 2026 per analyst projections), tighter underwriting (older-roof exclusions, ACV-on-roof endorsements, higher wind/hail deductibles, post-claim inspections), and selective non-renewal of high-loss-history accounts rather than blanket market exit.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "(market aggregate)", "action": "22.1 percent statewide rate increase in 2024 (secondary aggregators); 22.7 percent (S&P Global)", "date": "2024", "source": "S&P Global Market Intelligence / industry rate-filing aggregators" }, { "carrier": "(market aggregate)", "action": "approximately 13 percent projected statewide rate increase for 2026 (Live Insurance News analyst review)", "date": "2026", "source": "Live Insurance News (May 2026)" }, { "carrier": "(market aggregate)", "action": "industry-wide shift to ACV-on-roof endorsements and higher wind/hail deductibles 2022-2026", "date": "2022-2026", "source": "Insurance Information Institute / S&P Global" }, { "carrier": "(no named full-market exits)", "action": "no Nebraska-specific full-market exit / new-business pause announcements located as of May 2026", "date": "2023-2026", "source": "NDOI press releases search; news search" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://omaha.com/news/local/business/article_271c9e2b-01dd-41fa-9401-786cc58921bc.html", "source_name": "Omaha World-Herald / S&P Global Market Intelligence", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The Nebraska story is pricing-and-underwriting-tightening rather than carrier exit. State Farm, Allstate, Farmers, American Family, and Auto-Owners all remain active writers in the state. The exposure is on the consumer side (rate shock, higher deductibles, ACV on roofs) not on the availability side. Re-scan if a named carrier announces a new-business pause." }, { "field": "consumer_guidance", "value": "If admitted carriers decline you in Nebraska, your options are: (1) shop with an independent agent across multiple admitted carriers (State Farm, Allstate, American Family, Farmers, Auto-Owners, Country Financial, Nationwide, and regional mutuals all remain active writers); (2) work with a Nebraska-licensed surplus-lines producer who can place coverage with a non-admitted (E&S) insurer eligible under Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-5501 to 44-5515, recognizing that surplus-lines policies are not backed by the Nebraska Property and Liability Insurance Guaranty Association; (3) file a complaint with NDOI Consumer Affairs at (877) 564-7323 or via doi.nebraska.gov/consumer/file-complaint if you believe a cancellation or nonrenewal violated Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-522 (60-day notice, permitted grounds, specific reason); (4) under the Insured Homeowners Protection Act (Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-8601), you have 3 business days to cancel a contractor contract after a storm and the contractor must refund payments within 10 days.", "value_json": { "options": [ "shop with independent agent across multiple admitted carriers", "surplus lines via licensed NE producer (no NPLIGA backing)", "complaint to NDOI Consumer Affairs (877) 564-7323", "exercise 3-business-day cancellation right under Insured Homeowners Protection Act" ], "no_fair_plan_fallback": true, "statutes": [ "Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-522 (cancellation/nonrenewal)", "Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-5501 to 44-5515 (surplus lines)", "Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-2401 et seq. (guaranty association)", "Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-7508 (rate filing)", "Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-8601 to 44-8608 (Insured Homeowners Protection Act)", "210 NAC Chapter 60 (matching regulation)" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.nebraska.gov/consumer", "source_name": "Nebraska Department of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 'no guaranty fund backing' is the most important consumer-protection caveat for surplus-lines homeowners coverage in Nebraska. The 60-day-notice rule under 44-522 is the strongest statutory tool a Nebraska homeowner has if a carrier moves to non-renew." }, { "field": "key_statutes", "value": "Core Nebraska homeowners-insurance statutes and regulations: Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-522 (60-day cancellation/nonrenewal notice; 10 days for nonpayment or short-term policies; permitted grounds enumerated); Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-7508 (file-and-use rate filing); Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-5501 to 44-5515 (Surplus Lines Insurance Act; $15M minimum non-admitted capital; 3 percent premium tax under 77-907); Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-2401 et seq. (Property and Liability Insurance Guaranty Association; admitted carriers only); Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-8601 to 44-8608 (Insured Homeowners Protection Act; 3-day right to cancel contractor contract; 10-day refund); 210 NAC Chapter 60 (matching regulation for prompt, fair, equitable settlement).", "value_json": { "44_522": "60-day notice of cancellation/nonrenewal; 10 days for nonpayment or short-term; specific reason required; permitted grounds enumerated", "44_7508": "file-and-use rate filings for personal property/casualty", "44_5501_to_44_5515": "Surplus Lines Insurance Act; $15M minimum non-admitted capital; eligibility via NAIC list; producer license required", "77_907": "3 percent premium tax on surplus lines gross premium", "44_2401_et_seq": "Nebraska Property and Liability Insurance Guaranty Association; admitted carriers only; amended by LB326 (2025)", "44_8601_to_44_8608": "Insured Homeowners Protection Act; 3-business-day cancellation; 10-day contractor refund; AOB restrictions", "210_NAC_Chapter_60": "matching regulation; insurer must replace to reasonably uniform appearance; no insured cost above deductible" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/browse-chapters.php?chapter=44", "source_name": "Nebraska Revised Statutes Chapter 44 (Insurance)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "These statutes are the basis for every consumer-rights conversation in Nebraska homeowners insurance. Cite the specific section number when telling a homeowner what their carrier owes them under 44-522 or what a roofing contractor owes them under 44-8601." }, { "field": "post_disaster_protection", "value": "Nebraska does not have a standing post-disaster nonrenewal moratorium analogous to California's Cal. Ins. Code 675.1. NDOI may issue bulletins after a declared disaster but lacks statutory emergency-moratorium authority to suspend nonrenewals across affected ZIP codes by order. The closest functional protection is the 60-day notice and limited grounds for cancellation under Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-522, plus the federal disaster-related extension of premium grace periods that admitted carriers typically offer voluntarily after a major event.", "value_json": { "standing_moratorium": false, "moratorium_authority": "none statutory", "bulletins_after_declared_disaster": "yes; case by case", "contrast_ca": "California Cal. Ins. Code 675.1 (one-year nonrenewal moratorium in declared-wildfire ZIP codes)", "closest_ne_protection": "Neb. Rev. Stat. 44-522 (60-day notice, enumerated grounds for cancellation)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=44-522", "source_name": "Nebraska Revised Statute 44-522", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The absence of a post-disaster moratorium is a meaningful gap given Nebraska's repeated multi-billion-dollar tornado/hail seasons. For a CA-style multi-county suspension after a declared event, NDOI would require new legislation. Confidence is medium because NDOI's emergency-order authority is broad in principle; whether it has been or could be used to suspend non-renewals specifically has not been tested in published precedent." }, { "field": "market_outlook_2026", "value": "Nebraska's homeowners market is structurally pressured by severe-convective-storm frequency (NCEI: 1.5 billion-dollar events/year over 1980-2024 vs 4.4/year over 2020-2024, a roughly 3x increase). Forecasters expect approximately 13 percent additional rate growth in 2026 on top of the 22 percent 2024 jump and the 25 percent 2025 jump, with continued tightening on roof endorsements (ACV migration) and wind/hail deductibles. No state-level residual market is on the legislative calendar; LB326 (2025) was the most recent major reform and focused on unfair-practices and guaranty-association cleanup rather than availability. Principal forward risks: continued SCS frequency, reinsurance cost pass-through, the political salience of Nebraska's #1 rate-increase ranking.", "value_json": { "expected_2026_rate_growth_pct": 13, "cumulative_2024_2026_growth_pct_est": 60, "ncei_severe_storm_freq_shift_1980_2024_vs_2020_2024": "1.5/yr -> 4.4/yr (~3x)", "forward_risks": [ "continued severe-convective-storm frequency", "reinsurance cost pass-through to admitted carriers", "carrier-led migration from RCV to ACV roof endorsements", "higher wind/hail deductibles (1-2 percent of dwelling value typical)", "political salience after the #1 rate-increase ranking in 2024" ], "ndoi_legislative_calendar_fair_plan": "none introduced as of 2025 regular session" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/NE", "source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather Disasters: Nebraska state summary", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Primary source for the severe-convective-storm frequency claim (NCEI billion-dollar event data, 1980-2024 vs 2020-2024). Rate-growth forecast figures (~13% 2026, cumulative ~60%) were originally pulled from a secondary aggregator's Home Insurance Price Projections (secondary aggregator; underlying data drawn from carrier rate filings via Quadrant). Editorial-synthesis forward-risk list is medium confidence. Re-pull after NDOI's next annual report and the next NAIC Dwelling Fire and Homeowners Insurance Report." }, { "field": "industry_data_sources", "value": "Authoritative Nebraska-specific datasets for tracking homeowners-insurance availability and pricing: (1) NDOI Rules, Regulations, and Guidance Index (210 NAC); (2) NDOI Insured Homeowners Protection Act consumer brochure; (3) NAIC Dwelling Fire, Homeowners Owner-Occupied, and Homeowners Tenant and Condominium/Cooperative Insurance Report (latest published edition covers 2022 data); (4) U.S. Senate Budget Committee 2024 non-renewal data call (county-level, 23 carriers, ~65 percent market, 2018-2023); (5) NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters state summary for Nebraska; (6) NOAA SPC Storm Events Database; (7) CoreLogic Hazard HQ disaster reports.", "value_json": { "ndoi_rules_index": { "url": "https://doi.nebraska.gov/rules-regulations-and-guidance-document-index", "level": "regulatory text" }, "ndoi_ihpa_brochure": { "url": "https://doi.nebraska.gov/insured-homeowners-protection-act" }, "senate_budget_committee_2024": { "url": "https://www.budget.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/next_to_fall_the_climate-driven_insurance_crisis_is_here__and_getting_worse.pdf", "level": "county", "years": "2018-2023" }, "noaa_ncei_billions_ne": { "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/NE", "coverage": "1980-present" }, "noaa_spc_storm_events": { "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/stormevents/", "coverage": "tornadoes since 1950; hail and wind since 1955" }, "corelogic_hazard_hq": { "url": "https://www.corelogic.com/intelligence/blogs/hazard-hq/", "coverage": "event-specific damage modeling" }, "naic_key_facts_ne": { "url": "https://content.naic.org/sites/default/files/publications-key-facts-market-trends-nebraska.pdf", "coverage": "annual state insurance market snapshot" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.nebraska.gov/rules-regulations-and-guidance-document-index", "source_name": "Nebraska Department of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "NDOI does not publish a Nebraska-specific Homeowners Market Data Call Report analogous to NHID's annual July release; the NAIC Dwelling Fire and Homeowners Insurance Report is the closest equivalent at the per-state level. Re-pull annually as new NAIC editions publish." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Apr 14, 2025: Governor Pillen signs LB326 (Unfair Insurance Trade Practices Act and Property and Liability Insurance Guaranty Association Act amendments). 2024-2025: Statewide homeowners rates rise approximately 22 percent (2024) and ~25 percent (2025) on the back of the April and May 2024 tornado/hail outbreaks. Apr 25-28, 2024: tornado outbreak with EF3 strikes near Lincoln and through Omaha-Elkhorn-Council Bluffs, ~1,203 NE homes lost, $531M residential rebuild cost, $1B+ insured loss. May 20-21, 2024: follow-on outbreak (14 NE tornadoes including EF3 and EF4). May 24, 2024: derecho event across NE/IA.", "value_json": { "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-25", "event": "April 25-28 tornado outbreak begins; high-end EF3 strikes Lincoln NE outskirts" }, { "date": "2024-04-26", "event": "EF3 tornado tears through Omaha, Elkhorn, Council Bluffs" }, { "date": "2024-05-20", "event": "May 20-21 tornado outbreak; 14 NE tornadoes including EF3 and EF4" }, { "date": "2024-05-24", "event": "Derecho and severe weather across NE/IA" }, { "date": "2024", "event": "Statewide homeowners premium increase 22.1 percent (secondary aggregators) / 22.7 percent (S&P Global Market Intelligence); tied #1 nationally with Montana" }, { "date": "2024-12", "event": "U.S. Senate Budget Committee staff report names NE in next-15 climate-insurance-crisis cohort" }, { "date": "2025-04-14", "event": "Governor Pillen signs LB326 (Unfair Practices and Guaranty Association reform)" }, { "date": "2025", "event": "Statewide rates rise approximately 25 percent year over year" }, { "date": "2026", "event": "Aggregator and analyst projections of approximately 13 percent additional rate growth in NE" } ], "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 5, "label": "5" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Nebraska billion-dollar disasters per year (NOAA NCEI)", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Eric Dunning", "title": "Director of Insurance", "confirmed_date": "2021-04-19", "predecessor": "Bruce Ramge (retired; was Nebraska's longest-serving insurance director)", "source_url": "https://doi.nebraska.gov/about-department-insurance", "source_name": "Nebraska Department of Insurance - Director" }, "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/NE", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/FloorDocs/109/PDF/Slip/LB326.pdf", "source_name": "Nebraska Legislature / NOAA NCEI / secondary rate-quote aggregators", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "Keep this field current as NDOI publishes any post-2025 bulletins, as the NAIC's next Dwelling Fire and Homeowners Insurance Report lands (likely late 2026 for 2024 data), and as carriers post 2026 rate filings. The 2024 loss year was structurally bad enough to drive multi-year pricing; the 2025 quiet season (relatively) has not yet shown up in retail premiums. The chartable_series counts above (NOAA NCEI 2014-2024 CPI-adjusted state summary) render as an inline Sparkline beneath the recent_changes H2 — the 2022 peak (6 events) is the visible spike." }, { "field": "hero_stat_override", "value": "5", "value_json": { "label": "Nebraska billion-dollar weather disasters, 2024 (1 drought + 4 severe storms)", "amount": 5, "unit": "events" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/NE", "source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters: Nebraska state summary", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Headline number swapped from a marketplace-derived premium-increase percentage to a primary-source NOAA event count (the structural driver of NE's rate environment). The April 25-28 2024 tornado/hail outbreak — one of the 4 severe-storm events that year — accounts for ~$531M NE residential rebuild per CoreLogic / Claims Journal. Industry-aggregated 2024 NE premium-increase figure (~22.1% per a secondary aggregator) is captured in the recent_changes / market_outlook fields, not as the hero stat." }, { "field": "ncei_billion_dollar_disasters_yearly", "value": "Nebraska was struck by 5 billion-dollar weather and climate disasters in 2024 (1 drought + 4 severe storms) and 5 again in 2023, both behind the 6-event peak set in 2022, the most in any year on record. The 11-year average for 2014-2024 is 3.1 events per year, roughly double the pre-2014 baseline. Since 1980, Nebraska has been affected by 66 separate billion-dollar disaster events: 44 severe storms, 13 droughts, 5 floods, 2 freezes, 1 wildfire, and 1 winter storm (NOAA NCEI, CPI-adjusted state summary).", "value_json": { "ne_2024_event_count": 5, "ne_2024_breakdown": "1 drought + 4 severe storm", "ne_2023_event_count": 5, "ne_2022_event_count": 6, "ne_record_year": 2022, "ne_record_year_count": 6, "ne_11yr_window": "2014 to 2024", "ne_11yr_total_events": 34, "ne_11yr_average_per_year": 3.1, "ne_all_time_window": "1980 to 2024", "ne_all_time_total_events": 66, "ne_all_time_breakdown": { "severe_storm": 44, "drought": 13, "flooding": 5, "freeze": 2, "wildfire": 1, "winter_storm": 1, "tropical_cyclone": 0 }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 5, "label": "5" } ] }, "unit": "events per year", "source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/NE", "source_name": "NOAA NCEI U.S. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters: Nebraska State Summary (1980-2024, CPI-adjusted)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Year-by-year counts extracted directly from NCEI's published time-series chart config (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/time-series-zingchart-config.js?state=NE) on 2026-05-15 — the same dataset that backs the public state-summary page. All eight bar series (Drought, Flooding, Freeze, Severe Storm, Tropical Cyclone, Wildfire, Winter Storm) were summed per year. 1980-2024 totals cross-check exactly with NCEI's published summary (66 total / 44 severe storm / 13 drought / 5 flooding / 2 freeze / 1 wildfire / 1 winter storm). 2024 is the most recent complete year of NCEI's series." } ] }, { "code": "NH", "name": "New Hampshire", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/new-hampshire-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "no", "value_json": { "status": "no", "note": "New Hampshire has no state FAIR Plan and no state-backed insurer of last resort for homeowners. NH is not a PIPSO member. The NH Insurance Department directs homeowners who cannot find admitted-market coverage to the surplus-lines (non-admitted) market via NHID's list of eligible surplus-lines insurers." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/companies/surplus-lines", "source_name": "New Hampshire Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Cross-checked against PIPSO's national member list (pipso.com/members) which does not include New Hampshire; corroborated by NHID's 2025 Homeowners Market Data Call Report (July 2025) which characterizes the NH homeowners market as competitive enough not to require a residual mechanism. 30+ new insurers entered the NH market during 2025." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "no plan", "value_json": { "name": null, "note": "no New Hampshire FAIR Plan exists; coverage of last resort is the surplus-lines / non-admitted (E&S) market, brokered through NH-licensed surplus-lines producers and overseen by NHID under RSA 405-A" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/companies/surplus-lines", "source_name": "New Hampshire Insurance Department , Surplus Lines", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "A domestic insurer with $15M+ policyholder surplus may be designated a domestic surplus-lines insurer; eligible surplus-lines insurers must file annually by March 15. Surplus-lines policies are not overseen for rate adequacy by NHID and policyholders forfeit NH Insurance Guaranty Association protection (RSA 404-B)." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "no plan website; NHID consumer page at insurance.nh.gov/consumers/homeowners-and-renters-insurance is the closest equivalent", "value_json": { "url": null, "doi_consumer_page": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/consumers/homeowners-and-renters-insurance", "surplus_lines_page": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/companies/surplus-lines", "surplus_lines_company_list": "https://mm.nh.gov/files/uploads/nhid/documents/surplus-lines-company-list.pdf" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/consumers/homeowners-and-renters-insurance", "source_name": "New Hampshire Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "There is no New Hampshire FAIR Plan website because there is no NH FAIR Plan. NHID's homeowners and renters page is the official starting point for consumers having trouble finding coverage." }, { "field": "residual_market_structure", "value": "Surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S) market; no FAIR Plan, no JUA, no state-backed insurer of last resort. NH is not a PIPSO member.", "value_json": { "primary_path": "surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S)", "regulator": "New Hampshire Insurance Department (NHID)", "surplus_lines_statute": "RSA 405-A", "no_fair_plan": true, "no_jua": true, "pipso_member": false, "doi_consumer_fallback": "NHID maintains a publicly downloadable surplus-lines eligible-company list" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/companies/surplus-lines", "source_name": "New Hampshire Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "When admitted carriers decline a property, a NH-licensed surplus-lines broker can place the risk with an eligible non-admitted insurer. Surplus-lines policies are not backed by the NH Insurance Guaranty Association (RSA 404-B), a material consumer-protection trade-off." }, { "field": "regulatory_authority", "value": "New Hampshire Insurance Department (NHID)", "value_json": { "name": "New Hampshire Insurance Department", "abbrev": "NHID", "url": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/", "address": "21 South Fruit Street, Suite 14, Concord, NH 03301", "main_phone": "(603) 271-2261", "consumer_hotline": "(800) 852-3416", "fax": "(603) 271-1406", "hours": "8:00 AM to 4:30 PM Mon-Fri", "rate_authority_note": "NH is a prior-approval state for personal lines property/casualty rate filings under RSA 412; rates must be filed and approved before use" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/about-us/contact-us", "source_name": "New Hampshire Insurance Department , Contact Us", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Commissioner: D.J. Bettencourt (confirmed Sept 20, 2023; also serves as NAIC Northeast Zone Secretary). Address and phone numbers verified from NHID's own Contact Us page." }, { "field": "commissioner", "value": "D.J. Bettencourt", "value_json": { "name": "D.J. Bettencourt", "title": "Commissioner, New Hampshire Insurance Department", "confirmed_date": "2023-09-20", "naic_role": "Secretary-Treasurer, Northeast Zone (PA is Chair, NJ is Vice Chair); Chair, Casualty Actuarial and Statistical (C) Task Force (2025)", "prior_role": "Deputy Commissioner (Jan 2021 - Sept 2023); Governor's Policy Director (2017-2021)", "education": "B.A. Political Science / Communication (UNH 2007); J.D. UNH School of Law (2015)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://content.naic.org/node/8844", "source_name": "NAIC Commissioner Directory", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Bettencourt was officially confirmed Sept 20, 2023; prior to that he was Deputy Commissioner from January 2021. Background verified via NAIC commissioner directory." }, { "field": "DOI_contact", "value": "NHID Consumer Services: (603) 271-2261 (main) or (800) 852-3416 (consumer hotline). Email: consumerservices@ins.nh.gov. File a complaint: https://www.nh.gov/insurance/complaints/index.htm", "value_json": { "main_phone": "(603) 271-2261", "consumer_hotline": "(800) 852-3416", "fax": "(603) 271-1406", "tty_relay": "(800) 735-2964", "consumer_email": "consumerservices@ins.nh.gov", "general_email": "requests@ins.nh.gov", "complaint_url": "https://www.nh.gov/insurance/complaints/index.htm", "filing_complaint_page": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/consumers/filing-complaint", "address": "21 South Fruit Street, Suite 14, Concord, NH 03301", "hours": "8:00 AM to 4:30 PM Mon-Fri" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/consumers/filing-complaint", "source_name": "New Hampshire Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Phone-number formats, hours, and email addresses verified from NHID's own Contact Us and Filing a Complaint pages." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "New Hampshire requires at least 45 days' written notice of cancellation or nonrenewal of homeowners and certain other property/liability policies under RSA 417-B:4, with specific reason(s) for the action stated in the notice. A 10-day notice is allowed only for nonpayment of premium or cancellation within the first 90 days of a new policy. RSA 417-B:3-a prohibits nonrenewal based solely on a single valid claim in the prior or current policy term.", "value_json": { "nonrenewal_notice_days": 45, "cancellation_notice_days": 45, "short_notice_days_nonpayment_or_new_policy": 10, "new_policy_window_days": 90, "statute_notice": "RSA 417-B:4", "statute_grounds": "RSA 417-B:3 (six valid grounds for cancellation)", "single_claim_protection": "RSA 417-B:3-a (no nonrenewal based solely on one valid claim within prior/current term)", "post_disaster_moratorium": "no standing statutory moratorium", "rate_approval_regime": "prior approval (RSA 412) for personal property/casualty rate filings" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XXXVII/417-B/417-B-mrg.htm", "source_name": "New Hampshire Revised Statutes RSA 417-B", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Notice requirement and grounds verified from the full text of RSA 417-B as published by the NH General Court. The single-claim protection at RSA 417-B:3-a is a meaningful consumer protection vs. states with no such restriction. NH does not have a CA-style post-disaster non-renewal moratorium." }, { "field": "rate_approval_regime", "value": "New Hampshire uses a DUAL-TRACK rate regime for personal lines property/casualty under RSA 412. In competitive markets (the default; RSA 412:16 sets file-and-use with a 30-day advance filing), carriers file rates and may use them after the deemer period. The Commissioner may designate a market non-competitive, which triggers prior-approval review with a 30-day deemer (extendable 30 days, RSA 412). Workers' compensation is pure prior-approval (RSA 412:28). NH homeowners is characterized as a highly competitive market by NHID itself, meaning file-and-use governs in practice.", "value_json": { "regime": "dual-track: file-and-use in competitive markets (default for NH homeowners); prior-approval only if Commissioner designates market non-competitive", "personal_lines_default": "file-and-use (RSA 412:16, 30-day advance filing)", "personal_lines_if_noncompetitive": "prior-approval (30-day deemer, extendable 30 days)", "workers_comp": "prior-approval (RSA 412:28)", "statute": "RSA 412", "doi_authority": "NHID may approve, disapprove, or require modification of filed rates; rates must not be excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory", "naic_pa10_citation": "NAIC Summer 2025 PA-10 chart, p. PA-10-15 (file-and-use 30-day, with prior-approval trigger if non-competitive)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://content.naic.org/sites/default/files/model-law-chart-pa-10-rate-filing-methods-for-property-casualty-insurance-workers-comp-title.pdf", "source_name": "NAIC Summer 2025 PA-10 Rate Filing Methods chart (page PA-10-15) + RSA 412 (NH General Court)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-146 (2026-05-15): MATERIAL correction. Prior phrasing ('prior-approval state for personal lines') was wrong — RSA 412 has a dual track. The competitive-market track (which applies to NH homeowners in practice per NHID itself) is file-and-use with a 30-day advance filing; prior-approval only triggers if the Commissioner designates the market non-competitive. Workers' comp is genuinely prior-approval. Classic L16b secondary-source collapse: 'prior-approval' is shorthand that misses the bifurcated statute." }, { "field": "carriers_in_market", "value": "As of NHID's 2025 Homeowners Market Data Call Report, 127 homeowners writers operating under 64 insurer groups were active in New Hampshire (2024 data). Each county had at least 60 admitted carriers writing homeowners coverage; every town had a choice of at least 18 carriers. 30+ new insurers entered the NH market during 2025.", "value_json": { "homeowners_writers_2024": 127, "groups_2024": 64, "min_carriers_per_county_2022": 60, "min_carriers_per_town_2022": 18, "new_entrants_2025": "30+", "ranking_among_new_england": "third-lowest average written premium 2018-2022 (after ME and VT)", "top_carriers_2025_per_third_party": [ "Vermont Mutual", "Amica", "Auto-Owners", "Chubb" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/sites/g/files/ehbemt861/files/inline-documents/sonh/20250711-homeowners-market-data-call-report.pdf", "source_name": "NHID 2025 Homeowners Market Data Call Report (July 2025)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 30+ new entrants in 2025 figure was reported across multiple primary venues (NHID news releases and Insurance Business mag). NH's market is characterized by NHID as highly competitive and stable; this is the structural reason no FAIR Plan exists. **needs_rescan reason (data-verifier 2026-05-14):** the 127-writers-under-64-groups figure could not be independently confirmed because the NHID primary PDF returned a 403 on fetch; secondary sources confirmed the 64-companies count but not the 127-writers number. Re-pull the NHID PDF when reachable and confirm before READY_STATES." }, { "field": "premium_baseline", "value": "New Hampshire average homeowners premium in 2024 was approximately $1,002 to $1,209 per year depending on methodology, among the lowest in New England (third-lowest, after ME and VT) and roughly 44% below the national average (~$2,110). Written premium rose 26.2% over the 2018-2023 five-year window per NHID; S&P Global Market Intelligence RateWatch data (via NAIC insurer filings) places NH among the four most-stable home-insurance markets nationally, with 2020-2025 rate growth of approximately 19.6%-29.6% for the top-four northern New England states.", "value_json": { "nh_avg_annual_2024_low_usd": 1002, "nh_avg_annual_2024_high_usd": 1209, "nh_avg_quadrant_2024_usd": 1039, "us_avg_2024_usd": 2110, "discount_vs_us_pct": 44, "written_premium_growth_5yr_pct": 26.2, "rate_increase_2023_pct": 7.2, "rate_increase_2024_pct": 10.2, "lendingtree_2020_2025_growth_pct_range": "19.6-29.6", "lendingtree_ranking": "among 4 most-stable home-insurance markets (with MA, VT, ME)", "avg_statewide_loss_ratio_2018_2022_pct": 35, "loss_ratio_recent_pct": 45.5 }, "unit": "USD", "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/sites/g/files/ehbemt861/files/inline-documents/sonh/20250711-homeowners-market-data-call-report.pdf", "source_name": "NHID 2025 Homeowners Market Data Call Report / S&P Global Market Intelligence RateWatch (via NAIC insurer filings) / Quadrant Information Services", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Three figures triangulated: $1,002-$1,185 from NHID, $1,209 from a secondary aggregator analysis, $1,039 from Quadrant Information Services for $300K dwelling. Loss ratios in the 35-45% range are well below the ~70%+ that signals market distress; this is what allows NH to remain a non-FAIR-Plan state." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rate_state", "value": "NHID's 2025 Homeowners Market Data Call Report characterizes non-renewal activity in NH as low and the market as competitive enough not to require a residual mechanism. No NH-specific aggregate percentage was published in the U.S. Senate Budget Committee 2024 data call summary for the NH-specific row.", "value_json": { "narrative_status": "low; market characterized by NHID as highly competitive", "supporting_metric_loss_ratio_2018_2022_pct": 35, "supporting_metric_5yr_premium_growth_pct": 26.2, "single_claim_protection_statute": "RSA 417-B:3-a", "data_source": "NHID 2025 Homeowners Market Data Call Report (July 2025)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/sites/g/files/ehbemt861/files/inline-documents/sonh/20250711-homeowners-market-data-call-report.pdf", "source_name": "NHID 2025 Homeowners Market Data Call Report", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "NHID has not published a single NH-state-level non-renewal-rate percentage in the Senate Budget Committee format. Confidence is medium because the headline (`low`) is well-evidenced narratively but no clean comparator number to AZ's 0.8% / CA's 1.72% / FL's 2.99% is available from a primary NH source as of May 2026." }, { "field": "guaranty_fund", "value": "New Hampshire Insurance Guaranty Association (NHIGA) covers claims against insolvent admitted property/casualty carriers under RSA 404-B; it does not cover surplus-lines / non-admitted carriers. Covered-claim threshold is net unpaid claims in excess of $50, within the policy's applicable limits.", "value_json": { "fund_name": "New Hampshire Insurance Guaranty Association", "abbrev": "NHIGA", "statute": "RSA 404-B", "covers": "admitted (licensed) property & casualty insurers", "does_not_cover": "surplus-lines / non-admitted (E&S) insurers; life, title, surety, credit, mortgage guaranty, ocean marine, health", "accounts": [ "workers compensation", "automobile", "all other" ], "minimum_claim_usd": 50 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XXXVII/404-B/404-B-mrg.htm", "source_name": "New Hampshire Revised Statutes RSA 404-B", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Critical consumer-protection delta: a NH homeowner forced into the surplus-lines market by a non-renewal loses NHIGA backstop. RSA 404-B explicitly excludes surplus-lines policies. This is the practical price of NH having no FAIR Plan." }, { "field": "coastal_exposure", "value": "New Hampshire has approximately 13 miles of direct Atlantic coastline (NOAA measurement) or 18.57 miles per the NH state-GIS measurement , the shortest ocean coastline of any U.S. state. Total tidal shoreline including bays and tidal rivers is approximately 131 miles per NOAA. Coastal exposure is concentrated in Rockingham County (Hampton, Hampton Beach, Rye, North Hampton, Seabrook, Portsmouth, New Castle).", "value_json": { "direct_atlantic_coastline_noaa_miles": 13, "direct_atlantic_coastline_nh_gis_miles": 18.57, "total_tidal_shoreline_miles": 131, "us_ranking": "shortest ocean coastline of any U.S. state", "county": "Rockingham", "principal_coastal_towns": [ "Hampton", "Hampton Beach", "Rye", "North Hampton", "Seabrook", "Portsmouth", "New Castle" ] }, "unit": "miles", "source_url": "https://coast.noaa.gov/states/new-hampshire.html", "source_name": "NOAA Office for Coastal Management , New Hampshire", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The NOAA 13-mile / NH-GIS 18.57-mile discrepancy is real and methodological (coastline paradox; different scales produce different results). NH's tiny coast is the structural reason its hurricane and storm-surge exposure is modest compared to ME, MA, or RI." }, { "field": "hurricane_history", "value": "Per NOAA HURDAT2 (Atlantic basin 1851-2021), New Hampshire has experienced only ONE direct hurricane landfall in the modern record: Hurricane Gloria (Sept 1985) entered NH at Category 2 intensity after weakening from Cat 3 at Long Island landfall. The 1938 New England Hurricane caused significant NH damage (13 deaths, 60,000 homeless, Mt. Washington 163 mph gust) but tracked west through Vermont and did not make NH landfall.", "value_json": { "hurdat_direct_landfalls_1851_2021": 1, "events": [ { "name": "Hurricane Gloria", "year": 1985, "month": "September", "nh_intensity_at_landfall_category": 2, "long_island_landfall_category": 3, "central_pressure_mb": 942, "max_winds_kt": 90, "states_affected_in_order": "NC, NY, CT, NH, ME" }, { "name": "1938 New England Hurricane (Long Island Express)", "year": 1938, "month": "September", "nh_status": "no NH landfall; storm center tracked through Vermont", "nh_deaths": 13, "nh_homeless": 60000, "mt_washington_gust_mph": 163, "peterborough_damage_1938_usd": 500000, "peterborough_damage_2025_usd": 11400000, "long_island_landfall_category": 3 } ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/All_U.S._Hurricanes.html", "source_name": "NOAA HURDAT2 (Atlantic Hurricane Database, 1851-2021)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "HURDAT2 lists NH as a landfall state for only Gloria 1985. Several other hurricanes (Carol 1954, Donna 1960, Bob 1991, Irene 2011) affected NH with tropical-storm-force winds and flooding but did not make NH landfall at hurricane intensity. NH's modest hurricane exposure is the structural reason wind risk is not a leading non-renewal driver here." }, { "field": "wildfire_exposure", "value": "New Hampshire is not among the Cotality 2025 Wildfire Risk Report's 14 Western-states focus (which covers ~2.6M homes at moderate-or-greater risk; CA 1.3M, CO 319K, TX 243K, OR 128K, AZ 124K). NH wildfire activity is rising: 2025 saw a 27%+ increase in number of wildfires and a 16%+ increase in acres burned year-over-year; 10 structures threatened (not destroyed) in 2025. The 1903 White Mountain fires (~85,000 acres) remain NH's largest historical event and prompted the Weeks Act and creation of White Mountain National Forest.", "value_json": { "cotality_2025_inclusion": false, "cotality_top_5_western_states_homes_at_risk": { "CA": 1300000, "CO": 319000, "TX": 243000, "OR": 128000, "AZ": 124000 }, "nh_2025_wildfire_count_yoy_increase_pct": 27, "nh_2025_acres_burned_yoy_increase_pct": 16, "nh_2025_structures_threatened": 10, "nh_2025_structures_destroyed": 0, "highest_activity_counties_2025": [ "Carroll", "Cheshire" ], "open_burning_share_of_known_causes_2025_pct": 50, "largest_historical_event": { "name": "1903 White Mountain Fires", "acres": 85000, "policy_outcome": "Weeks Act (1911); creation of White Mountain National Forest" }, "other_notable": { "Dilly_Cliff_2017": "75+ acres, North Woodstock, AT closure", "Marlow_Stoddard_historical": "40000+ acres, no lives lost" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.cotality.com/insights/articles/wildfire-risk-report-2025", "source_name": "Cotality 2025 Wildfire Risk Report / NH Public Radio / Valley News", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Cotality's national WUI dataset does not extend to NH at the per-state homes-at-risk granularity given for the Western 14. NH wildfire risk is real but small relative to West; principal exposure is White Mountain National Forest WUI, Pawtuckaway State Forest, and forested lakes-region towns in Carroll/Belknap counties. 2025 was an unusually active wildfire year driven by historic drought." }, { "field": "mitigation_credits", "value": "New Hampshire has no statutory mandate that carriers credit defensible space, Class-A roofing, or home-hardening on homeowners policies. Mitigation discounts in NH are voluntary and carrier-specific. No active Resiliency / Mitigation Council equivalent to AZ's 2024-2025 DIFI council has been convened.", "value_json": { "mandate": "none", "voluntary_credits_available_from": [ "varies by carrier" ], "council_status": "none active", "contrast_az": "Arizona's Resiliency and Mitigation Council (Dec 2024 - Dec 2025) recommended state grants/loans/tax credits over a FAIR Plan", "contrast_ca": "California requires recognition of community-mitigation efforts under Safer From Wildfires regulation (10 CCR § 2644.9)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/consumers/homeowners-and-renters-insurance", "source_name": "New Hampshire Insurance Department", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Verify before publishing prescriptive guidance: NH may have rate-filing requirements that already encompass mitigation factors via prior-approval review (RSA 412); but no standalone mitigation-credit statute exists comparable to CA's 10 CCR § 2644.9. Confidence is medium for the negative-finding side; high-confidence positive answer would require an NHID rate-filing memo we have not yet sighted." }, { "field": "recent_legislation", "value": "NH 2024-2026 property-insurance package (most consequential first): SB 121 (2025), signed by Governor Kelly Ayotte on 2025-07-15 (Chapter 232; effective 2025-09-13), requires any fire/casualty insurer ceasing to write an entire line in NH to give NHID and agents of record 120 days' advance notice; policyholder nonrenewal effective dates may not be earlier than 120 days after that notice. A separate 90-day written notice requirement applies to carriers discontinuing any other line of insurance. This is the most consequential NH property-insurance statute since HB 1259 and directly tightens carrier-pullback dynamics. HB 1259 (2024), signed by Governor Sununu 2024-08-02 (effective 2025-01-01), clarifies personal-vs-commercial-lines distinctions, permits electronic communication of audit-basis policies, and codifies the specific-reason requirement for cancellation/nonrenewal notices. 2026 legislation: SB 562 (Granite State Home Mitigation and Resiliency Program, Sen. Daryl Abbas R-Salem; grants up to $9,500 for home-hardening, income-capped at 60% of median family income; no state appropriation, program would rely entirely on private philanthropy brokered by NHID): passed Senate (engrossed 2026-02-26); passed House Commerce and Consumer Affairs 15-0 on consent calendar 2026-04-29; full House floor vote outcome and governor action not confirmed from primary sources as of 2026-06-18 (2026 session adjourned).", "value_json": { "sb_121_2025": { "bill": "SB 121", "session": "2025 Regular Session", "signed_date": "2025-07-15", "effective_date": "2025-09-13", "chapter": "232", "signing_governor": "Kelly Ayotte", "key_provision": "120-day advance notice to NHID + agents of record required before any fire/casualty insurer can stop writing an entire line; policyholder nonrenewal effective dates may not be earlier than 120 days after notice; separate 90-day notice for other lines", "impact": "structural carrier-pullback brake; most consequential NH property-insurance statute since HB 1259" }, "hb_1259_2024": { "bill": "HB 1259", "session": "2024 Regular Session", "signed_date": "2024-08-02", "effective_date": "2025-01-01", "signing_governor": "Chris Sununu", "title": "An act relative to property and casualty insurance laws administered by the insurance department", "key_provisions": [ "clarifies personal vs commercial lines in homeowners policies", "permits electronic communication for audit-basis policies", "codifies specific-reason requirement for cancellation/nonrenewal notices", "exempts auto-glass-only claim handlers from claims-adjuster statute" ] }, "sb_562_2026": { "bill": "SB 562", "session": "2026 Regular Session", "sponsor": "Sen. Daryl Abbas (R-Salem)", "status": "passed full Senate (engrossed 2026-02-26); passed House Commerce and Consumer Affairs 15-0 on consent calendar 2026-04-29; full House floor vote outcome and governor action unconfirmed from primary sources as of 2026-06-18 (2026 session adjourned)", "key_provision": "Granite State Home Mitigation and Resiliency Program; grants up to $9,500 for home-hardening; income-capped at 60% of median family income (~$58,100/yr); NO state appropriation - program would rely entirely on private philanthropy and nonprofits brokered by NHID, and would remain dormant until external funding is secured", "needs_rescan": true, "rescan_target": "2026-09-01" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://gc.nh.gov/bill_status/legacy/bs2016/billText.aspx?sy=2025&id=934&txtFormat=html", "source_name": "NH General Court (SB 121 enrolled text, Chapter 232) + NH General Court (HB 1259)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier-146 (2026-05-15): added SB 121 (signed Ayotte 2025-07-18, 120-day carrier-exit notice) — the most consequential NH property-insurance statute since HB 1259, but was missing from the file entirely. Also added SB 562 (pending 2026, mitigation grants) for direction-of-travel tracking. Governor change 2025-01-08: future 2025+ NH legislation must attribute to Ayotte, not Sununu." }, { "field": "surplus_lines_role", "value": "Surplus lines is the de-facto coverage-of-last-resort path in NH for homeowners that admitted carriers decline. NHID maintains a publicly downloadable Surplus Lines Eligible Company List. Domestic-surplus-lines designation requires a minimum $15M policyholder surplus; eligible insurers must file annually by March 15.", "value_json": { "regulator": "New Hampshire Insurance Department", "statute": "RSA 405-A", "minimum_domestic_surplus_usd": 15000000, "annual_filing_deadline": "March 15", "eligible_company_list_url": "https://mm.nh.gov/files/uploads/nhid/documents/surplus-lines-company-list.pdf", "guaranty_fund_note": "Surplus lines policies are not backed by the New Hampshire Insurance Guaranty Association (RSA 404-B)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/companies/surplus-lines", "source_name": "New Hampshire Insurance Department , Surplus Lines", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Unlike AZ, NH does not publish a per-year surplus-lines premium growth figure that we have been able to locate from a primary NHID source. WSIA mid-2025 national figures (~13% YoY growth) apply nationally but per-state NH growth is not separately reported by NHID." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "No NH-specific public carrier-exit / pause announcements analogous to California's State Farm / Allstate / Farmers 2023 pullback have been issued. NHID's July 2025 Homeowners Market Data Call Report characterizes the NH market as expanding, with 30+ new insurers entering NH during 2025. The structural narrative in NH is market entry rather than exit.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "(market aggregate)", "action": "30+ new insurers entered the NH market during calendar year 2025", "date": "2025", "source": "NHID news release / Insurance Business Magazine (Sept 2025)" }, { "carrier": "(no named exits)", "action": "no NH-specific public pullback / pause announcements located as of May 2026", "date": "2023-2026", "source": "NHID press releases search; news search" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/news-and-media/new-hampshire-homeowners-insurance-market-remains-strong-expanding-coverage-and", "source_name": "New Hampshire Insurance Department / Insurance Business Magazine", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Aggregate climate-driven non-renewal pressure on NH carriers does exist (carriers have stepped up post-claim inspections, occasionally non-renewing for property condition) but no carrier-by-carrier statewide retreat narrative exists. This is itself the story: NH is one of the small set of states still expanding rather than contracting on the homeowners-insurance availability axis." }, { "field": "consumer_guidance", "value": "If admitted carriers decline you in New Hampshire, your options are: (1) shop with an independent agent , 127 NH homeowners writers operate under 64 groups, so most homeowners can find admitted-market coverage somewhere; (2) work with a NH-licensed surplus-lines broker who can place coverage with a non-admitted (E&S) insurer on NHID's eligible list, recognizing that surplus-lines policies are not backed by the NH Insurance Guaranty Association (RSA 404-B); (3) file a complaint with NHID Consumer Services at (800) 852-3416 or via https://www.nh.gov/insurance/complaints/index.htm if you believe a cancellation or nonrenewal violated RSA 417-B:3 or :4 (especially RSA 417-B:3-a, single-claim protection).", "value_json": { "options": [ "shop with independent agent (127 writers across 64 groups in NH)", "surplus lines via licensed NH broker (no NHIGA backing)", "complaint to NHID Consumer Services (800) 852-3416 if RSA 417-B violated" ], "no_fair_plan_fallback": true, "statutes": [ "RSA 417-B:3", "RSA 417-B:3-a", "RSA 417-B:4", "RSA 405-A", "RSA 404-B", "RSA 412" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/consumers/homeowners-and-renters-insurance", "source_name": "New Hampshire Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 'no guaranty fund backing' is the most important consumer-protection caveat for surplus-lines homeowners coverage in NH. The single-claim protection at RSA 417-B:3-a is the strongest statutory tool a NH homeowner has if a carrier non-renews after one claim." }, { "field": "key_statutes", "value": "Core New Hampshire homeowners-insurance statutes: RSA 417-B:3 (six valid grounds for cancellation of property/liability insurance); RSA 417-B:3-a (no nonrenewal based solely on a single valid claim); RSA 417-B:4 (45-day notice of cancellation/nonrenewal; 10 days for nonpayment or new-policy 90-day window); RSA 412 (rate and form filings , prior approval for personal lines); RSA 405-A (surplus lines); RSA 404-B (NH Insurance Guaranty Association , admitted carriers only).", "value_json": { "RSA_417_B_3": "six grounds for cancellation: nonpayment, criminal conviction, fraud/misrepresentation, gross negligence, physical property changes increasing hazard, insured request", "RSA_417_B_3_a": "no nonrenewal based solely on a single valid claim within any one previous or current policy term", "RSA_417_B_4": "45-day notice of cancellation/nonrenewal; 10 days for nonpayment of premium or cancellation within first 90 days of new policy; specific reason(s) required", "RSA_412": "rate and form filings; prior approval regime for personal property/casualty rates", "RSA_405_A": "surplus lines; eligibility and oversight of non-admitted insurers; $15M minimum domestic surplus", "RSA_404_B": "NH Insurance Guaranty Association; covers admitted P&C only; $50 minimum covered claim" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XXXVII/417-B/417-B-mrg.htm", "source_name": "New Hampshire Revised Statutes (NH General Court)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "These statutes are the basis for every consumer-rights conversation in NH homeowners insurance. Cite the specific section number when telling a homeowner what their carrier owes them under RSA 417-B." }, { "field": "post_disaster_protection", "value": "New Hampshire does not have a standing post-disaster nonrenewal moratorium analogous to California's Cal. Ins. Code § 675.1. NHID may issue bulletins after a declared disaster (e.g. the 2025 Freelook Period letter to insurers regarding homeowner-insurance cancellations during the freelook window) but lacks emergency moratorium authority to suspend nonrenewals across affected ZIP codes by order.", "value_json": { "standing_moratorium": false, "moratorium_authority": "none statutory", "bulletins_after_declared_disaster": "yes; case by case (e.g. NHID Freelook letter 2025)", "contrast_ca": "California Cal. Ins. Code § 675.1 (one-year nonrenewal moratorium in declared-wildfire ZIP codes)", "single_claim_protection": "RSA 417-B:3-a provides limited post-claim protection (no nonrenewal based solely on one valid claim within previous/current term)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/news-and-media/new-hampshire-insurance-department-sends-letter-insurers-regarding-homeowner", "source_name": "New Hampshire Insurance Department / RSA 417-B", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "NH's RSA 417-B:3-a single-claim protection is the closest functional analog to a post-disaster moratorium for any homeowner who has filed exactly one claim. For a CA-style multi-ZIP suspension after a declared event, NHID would require new legislation." }, { "field": "market_outlook_2026", "value": "NH's homeowners market is one of the most stable in the country. S&P Global Market Intelligence RateWatch data (via NAIC insurer filings) shows all four northern New England states (MA, VT, NH, ME) at the top of national home-insurance stability, with NH posting 2020-2025 rate growth of approximately 26.9%. NHID's 2025 Homeowners Market Data Call Report finds expanding coverage and competitive pricing. Principal forward risks: rising wildfire activity (2025 saw 27% increase in count, 16% in acres), reinsurance pressure flowing through admitted carriers, and 1938-Hurricane-style low-frequency-high-severity tail risk on the Rockingham County coast.", "value_json": { "lendingtree_2026_ranking": "among most-stable home insurance markets (MA, VT, NH, ME tied at top)", "lendingtree_2020_2025_rate_growth_pct": "19.6-29.6 range for top-4 NE", "nhid_market_characterization_2025": "highly competitive; expanding coverage; 30+ new entrants in 2025", "forward_risks": [ "rising wildfire activity (2025: +27% events, +16% acres)", "reinsurance pressure flowing through to admitted carriers", "low-frequency-high-severity Atlantic hurricane tail risk on Rockingham County coast", "drought-driven brush fire risk in WMNF WUI" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/news-and-media/new-hampshire-homeowners-insurance-market-remains-strong-expanding-coverage-and", "source_name": "NHID 2025 Homeowners Market Data Call Report / S&P Global Market Intelligence RateWatch (via NAIC insurer filings)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "LendingTree is a secondary aggregator but the underlying figures are drawn from NAIC/state filings; cross-checked against NHID's own market data call. The forward-risk list is editorial synthesis; treat individual items as medium confidence." }, { "field": "industry_data_sources", "value": "Authoritative NH-specific datasets for tracking homeowners-insurance availability and pricing: (1) NHID 2025 Homeowners Market Data Call Report (July 2025; 2024 data; carriers, premium, loss ratios); (2) NHID State of the New Hampshire P&C Insurance Markets annual presentation (Citarella, ACAS, MAAA); (3) NHID Surplus Lines Eligible Company List (PDF, refreshed annually by March 15); (4) NAIC Market Share Reports for NH; (5) U.S. Senate Budget Committee 2024 non-renewal data call (county-level, 23 carriers, ~65% market); (6) NOAA HURDAT2 for hurricane landfall history.", "value_json": { "nhid_homeowners_market_data_call": { "report_url": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/sites/g/files/ehbemt861/files/inline-documents/sonh/20250711-homeowners-market-data-call-report.pdf", "year_of_data": 2024, "level": "statewide aggregate" }, "nhid_state_of_markets": { "report_url": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/sites/g/files/ehbemt861/files/inline-documents/sonh/state-of-the-markets-2025.pdf" }, "nhid_surplus_lines_list": { "url": "https://mm.nh.gov/files/uploads/nhid/documents/surplus-lines-company-list.pdf", "refresh": "annual by March 15" }, "senate_budget_committee_2024": { "url": "https://www.budget.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/next_to_fall_the_climate-driven_insurance_crisis_is_here__and_getting_worse.pdf", "level": "county", "years": "2018-2023" }, "noaa_hurdat2": { "url": "https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/All_U.S._Hurricanes.html", "coverage": "1851-2021 Atlantic basin" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/sites/g/files/ehbemt861/files/inline-documents/sonh/20250711-homeowners-market-data-call-report.pdf", "source_name": "New Hampshire Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "NHID's own Homeowners Market Data Call Report is the gold-standard NH dataset; it should be re-pulled annually as new editions publish (the 2025 edition reports 2024 data)." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Aug 2, 2024: Governor Sununu signs HB 1259 (P&C laws cleanup; specific-reason requirement codified). Jan 1, 2025: HB 1259 effective. 2025: NHID Freelook Period letter to insurers re: homeowner-insurance cancellations during freelook window. July 11, 2025: NHID 2025 Homeowners Market Data Call Report published (2024 data). 2025: 30+ new insurers enter NH market. 2025-2026: NH experiences historic drought driving 27% increase in wildfires and 16% increase in acres burned year-over-year.", "value_json": { "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08-02", "event": "Governor Sununu signs HB 1259 (P&C laws cleanup)" }, { "date": "2025-01-01", "event": "HB 1259 effective; specific-reason cancellation/nonrenewal requirement codified" }, { "date": "2025", "event": "NHID Freelook Period letter to insurers re: homeowner-insurance cancellations" }, { "date": "2025-07-11", "event": "NHID 2025 Homeowners Market Data Call Report published (2024 data)" }, { "date": "2025", "event": "30+ new insurers enter NH market" }, { "date": "2025-2026", "event": "Historic drought; 27% YoY increase in wildfires, 16% in acres burned" } ], "current_commissioner": { "name": "D.J. Bettencourt", "title": "Insurance Commissioner", "confirmed_date": "2023-09-20", "predecessor": "Christopher Nicolopoulos (did not seek reappointment at end of term; later named CEO of Davis & Towle Insurance Group, 2025)", "source_url": "https://www.nh.gov/insurance/aboutus/commissioner/", "source_name": "New Hampshire Insurance Department - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 0, "label": "0" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "New Hampshire billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/NH", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nh.gov/news-and-media/new-hampshire-homeowners-insurance-market-remains-strong-expanding-coverage-and", "source_name": "New Hampshire Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "Keep this field current as the next NHID Homeowners Market Data Call Report (likely July 2026 for 2025 data) lands; that release will likely show whether the 2025 drought / wildfire uptick is bleeding through into NH carrier loss ratios." } ] }, { "code": "NJ", "name": "New Jersey", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/new-jersey-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/dobi/division_consumers/insurance/fairplan.htm", "source_name": "New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "New Jersey's FAIR Plan is the New Jersey Insurance Underwriting Association (NJIUA), an association of all insurers authorized to write property insurance on a direct basis in New Jersey, created by the Legislature in 1968. Statutory basis: N.J.S.A. 17:37A-1 et seq. (the NJIUA / 'New Jersey FAIR Plan Act'); N.J.S.A. 17:37A-7 directs the Association to establish a plan of operation providing essential property insurance; N.J.S.A. 17:37A-18 et seq. established the New Jersey Insurance Development Fund as a financial backstop. Confirmed on the NJ DOBI FAIR Plan page, the NJIUA portal, PropertyCasualty360's State FAIR Plans reference (July 2024), and the III FAIR-Plans-by-state table." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "New Jersey Insurance Underwriting Association (NJIUA), the New Jersey FAIR Plan", "value_json": { "name": "New Jersey Insurance Underwriting Association", "abbreviation": "NJIUA", "common_name": "New Jersey FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/dobi/division_consumers/insurance/fairplan.htm", "source_name": "New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Name confirmed from NJ DOBI and the NJIUA's own site. NJIUA is subject to OPRA (it has been held a public body for open-records purposes)." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.njiua.org/ (consumer portal: https://portal.njiua.org/)", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.njiua.org/", "portal": "https://portal.njiua.org/", "consumer_portal": "https://portal.njiua.org/Home/Consumer", "address": "NJIUA, 570 Broad Street, Suite 500, PO Box 32609, Newark, NJ 07102", "phone": "973-622-3838" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://portal.njiua.org/", "source_name": "New Jersey Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "njiua.org / portal.njiua.org is the official NJIUA site (the NJ DOBI FAIR Plan page points to it, and portal.njiua.org appears in search results as 'Home of the New Jersey Insurance Underwriting Association'). The site returned a TLS/certificate verification error on direct WebFetch at original compilation and could not be re-fetched cleanly in May 2026, facts corroborated via NJ DOBI and PropertyCasualty360. Address (570 Broad Street, Suite 500, Newark) and phone (973-622-3838) from NJ DOBI." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Insures homes, mobile homes, rental units, most commercial buildings and business property. Dwelling coverage uses ISO Dwelling Fire forms DP 00 01 12 02 (basic) and DP 00 02 12 02 (broad) for 1-4 family dwellings; commercial uses ISO CP 00 99. Provides basic property coverage: fire, lightning, windstorm/hail, explosion, riot/civil commotion, aircraft, vehicles, smoke, vandalism and malicious mischief. Does NOT include personal liability. Optional theft coverage has been available as an attachment since 2009, up to a $20,000 limit. Optional personal property coverage up to $200,000 is available (the brief's $200K figure; PropertyCasualty360 reports up to $300,000 personal property where the FAIR Plan provides building coverage, $50,000 where it does not, there is some variance in the published figures, so treat the personal-property cap as 'roughly $200K-$300K, verify against the NJIUA Plan of Operation'). Does not cover flood. Coastal NJ FAIR Plan policies carry a hurricane percentage deductible (2%-5%) in listed coastal zip codes; minimum deductible $500. Mobile homes and vacant dwellings are not eligible for the DP 00 02 (broad) program but may be eligible under the DP 00 01 (basic) policy; farm property is not eligible.", "value_json": { "covers": [ "homes", "mobile homes", "rental units", "most commercial buildings", "business property" ], "dwelling_forms": [ "ISO DP 00 01 12 02 (basic)", "ISO DP 00 02 12 02 (broad)" ], "commercial_form": "ISO CP 00 99", "perils": [ "fire", "lightning", "windstorm/hail", "explosion", "riot/civil commotion", "aircraft", "vehicles", "smoke", "vandalism and malicious mischief" ], "optional": [ "theft (since 2009), up to $20,000 limit", "personal property up to ~$200,000-$300,000 (figure varies by source, verify)" ], "exclusions": [ "personal liability", "flood" ], "deductibles": { "minimum_usd": 500, "coastal_hurricane_pct": "2-5% in listed coastal zips" }, "ineligible": [ "mobile homes and vacant dwellings, for the DP 00 02 program only; may qualify under DP 00 01", "farm property" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.propertycasualty360.com/fcs/2024/07/22/state-fair-plans-2/", "source_name": "PropertyCasualty360: State FAIR Plans reference (July 2024) / New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Forms (DP 00 01 12 02 / DP 00 02 12 02 / CP 00 99), the $20,000 theft cap, the $500 minimum deductible and 2-5% coastal hurricane deductible, and the DP-00-02 mobile-home/vacant/farm ineligibility confirmed from PropertyCasualty360's State FAIR Plans reference (July 2024); covered property types and the no-liability / optional-theft-since-2009 points confirmed from NJ DOBI. The personal-property cap differs between sources (NJ DOBI / brief: $200,000; PropertyCasualty360: $300,000 if building coverage provided, $50,000 if not), flagged for verification against the NJIUA Plan of Operation. Previously a 'medium' row; structure now confirmed but the personal-property number flagged." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "Maximum real property (dwelling/building) limit is $500,000 per location under the DP forms; maximum personal property limit is $250,000 (or $50,000 where the FAIR Plan does not provide building coverage). Optional theft coverage is capped at $20,000. Minimum deductible is $500. (Prior file figure of $600,000 dwelling / $300,000 personal property derived from a PropertyCasualty360 secondary source and is contradicted by the NJIUA Consumer Guide, which states $500,000 real property maximum and $250,000 personal property maximum.)", "value_json": { "real_property_dwelling_max_usd": 500000, "personal_property_max_usd": 250000, "personal_property_max_no_building_coverage_usd": 50000, "theft_coverage_max_usd": 20000, "minimum_deductible_usd": 500, "currency": "USD" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://portal.njiua.org/ConsumerGuide/ConsumerGuide.htm", "source_name": "New Jersey Insurance Underwriting Association - Consumer Guide", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "$600,000 maximum real-property (dwelling) limit and $300,000 / $50,000 personal-property figures from PropertyCasualty360's State FAIR Plans reference (July 2024), which cites the NJIUA program rules. This was previously null/unverified; now upgraded to medium confidence (reputable secondary source citing the plan's rules; not confirmed directly against the NJIUA Plan of Operation, which is not indexed publicly and which njiua.org's TLS issue blocked re-fetching). Re-confirm against the current NJIUA Plan of Operation before publishing as authoritative; note the personal-property figure conflict with NJ DOBI's $200K." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "typical (no named DIC product), the NJ FAIR Plan provides no personal liability and only optional theft, so policyholders commonly add a stand-alone liability/umbrella policy (and flood)", "value_json": { "status": "typical", "reason": "no personal liability, only optional theft; supplement with stand-alone liability/umbrella + flood" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/dobi/division_consumers/insurance/fairplan.htm", "source_name": "New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No formal California-style 'DIC' product is marketed in New Jersey; the FAIR Plan is routinely paired with a separate liability/umbrella policy and flood insurance." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Available to property owners who are unable to obtain coverage through a standard (admitted) insurer; the property must meet the FAIR Plan's inspection/underwriting standards (the FAIR Plan can require a property inspection before binding). New Jersey does not publish a fixed numeric 'declined by N carriers' test in statute, NJ DOBI says consumers 'unsuccessful in obtaining coverage through a standard company' may apply. Mobile homes and vacant dwellings are ineligible for the broad (DP 00 02) program but may qualify under the basic (DP 00 01) policy; farm property is ineligible.", "value_json": { "rule": "unable to obtain coverage through a standard insurer; property meets inspection/underwriting standards", "declinations_required": null, "inspection": "may be required before binding", "ineligible": [ "mobile homes/vacant dwellings, broad (DP 00 02) program only", "farm property" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/dobi/division_consumers/insurance/fairplan.htm", "source_name": "New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Eligibility standard and the inspection-before-binding requirement confirmed from NJ DOBI; the DP-00-02 ineligibility list from PropertyCasualty360. Confirm any declination count against the NJIUA Plan of Operation." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "A property owner may apply to the NJ FAIR Plan directly OR through any licensed New Jersey insurance agent, New Jersey is one of the FAIR Plans that explicitly allows direct-to-consumer application as well as agent-submitted. Contact: NJIUA, 570 Broad Street, Suite 500, PO Box 32609, Newark, NJ 07102; (973) 622-3838; portal at portal.njiua.org.", "value_json": { "channel": "directly to NJIUA OR through any licensed NJ agent", "contact": "NJIUA, 570 Broad Street, Suite 500, PO Box 32609, Newark, NJ 07102; (973) 622-3838", "portal": "https://portal.njiua.org/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/dobi/division_consumers/insurance/fairplan.htm", "source_name": "New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Direct-to-consumer-or-agent channel and contact details confirmed from NJ DOBI." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market for narrower coverage (basic/broad dwelling-fire form, no personal liability, theft only as a $20K option), capped at $500K real property. Coastal policies carry a 2%-5% hurricane percentage deductible. A last resort, not a price-competition fallback. No public dataset quantifies the exact premium gap between the New Jersey FAIR Plan and the standard market; the \"more expensive\" framing reflects its narrower coverage and last-resort role, not a measured price difference.", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, narrower coverage; no liability; $600K real-property cap; 2-5% coastal hurricane deductible" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/dobi/division_consumers/insurance/fairplan.htm", "source_name": "New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance, FAIR Plan consumer page", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "General characterization plus the documented caps/deductibles; no published NJIUA-vs-standard premium comparison." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "The NJ FAIR Plan remains relatively small. Pressure points: Jersey Shore coastal areas (Cape May, Atlantic, Ocean and Monmouth counties) seeing voluntary-market carriers tighten hurricane-exposure and roof-age underwriting, raise hurricane percentage deductibles, and non-renew some shoreline homes, a recurring issue since Superstorm Sandy (2012), pushing more of that business to NJIUA. NJ DOBI publishes an annual home-insurance market report. No major NJIUA rate or rule change confirmed for 2025-2026; confirm the current NJIUA policy count and any rate changes from NJIUA's annual report / the NJ DOBI market report.", "value_json": { "size": "small", "pressure": "Jersey Shore coastal underwriting tightening; higher hurricane deductibles; selective non-renewals (recurring since Sandy 2012)", "policy_count": null, "recent_plan_change": null, "current_commissioner": { "name": "Susan Ochs", "title": "Acting Commissioner of Banking and Insurance", "confirmed_date": "2026-01-21", "predecessor": "Justin Zimmerman (sworn in November 2024 under Gov. Murphy; transitioned out at end of Murphy administration, January 2026)", "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/dobi/pressreleases/pr260421.html", "source_name": "New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 10, "label": "10" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "New Jersey billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/NJ", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/dobi/division_consumers/insurance/fairplan.htm", "source_name": "New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "No current policy-count or rate-change figure verified, needs manual check of the NJIUA annual report / NJ DOBI market report. (NJIUA's site TLS issue blocked pulling the annual report directly.) The III FAIR-Plans-by-state table can supply a rough policy count if needed." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "New Jersey (N.J.A.C. 11:1-20, Renewal, Cancellation and Nonrenewal of Commercial and Homeowners Insurance Policies; and N.J.S.A. 17:36-5.16 et seq.): N.J.A.C. 11:1-20.4(l) permits insurers to cancel a policy for any non-prohibited reason during the FIRST 60 days the policy is in effect; the restricted-grounds protections (non-payment, fraud, material change in the risk, etc.) kick in only AFTER the policy has been in force for 60 days. For non-renewal, the notice must be mailed/delivered not more than 120 days nor less than 30 days before the policy expires, with the reason stated; the 'orderly withdrawal' / non-renewal-cap rules restrict mass non-renewals. Separately, N.J.S.A. 17:36-5.20a prohibits canceling or non-renewing a policy on an owner-occupied 1-4 family dwelling solely because of weather-related claims/losses or a third-party criminal act by a non-resident, unless the claim/loss reflects an increased hazard, a material change in the risk, or a breach of contractual duties/conditions/warranties materially affecting insurability. New Jersey does NOT have a standing automatic post-disaster non-renewal moratorium; DOBI has issued bulletins after major storms (e.g., Superstorm Sandy) urging insurers not to non-renew solely due to a claim.", "value_json": { "statute": "N.J.A.C. 11:1-20; N.J.S.A. 17:36-5.16 et seq.; N.J.S.A. 17:36-5.20a", "first_60_days_unrestricted_cancellation": true, "cancellation_protection_after_days": 60, "nonrenewal_notice_window": "not more than 120 days nor less than 30 days before expiration", "reason_required": true, "weather_claims_protection": "N.J.S.A. 17:36-5.20a, no cancel/non-renew of owner-occupied 1-4 family dwelling solely for weather-related claims or a third-party criminal act by a non-resident", "non_renewal_cap": "orderly-withdrawal / non-renewal restrictions apply", "post_disaster_moratorium": "ad hoc via DOBI bulletins; none standing" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/dobi/division_consumers/insurance/homeinsurancebasics.html", "source_name": "New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance - Home Insurance Basics; N.J.A.C. 11:1-20 (renewal, cancellation and nonrenewal of commercial and homeowners insurance policies); N.J.S.A. 17:36-5.16 et seq.; N.J.S.A. 17:36-5.20a", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier-103 (2026-05-15): the 60-day rule is INVERTED from prior phrasing — N.J.A.C. 11:1-20.4(l) permits insurers to cancel freely during the FIRST 60 days; restricted-grounds protections begin only AFTER 60 days. Prior phrasing flipped that, misleading homeowners about their legal position. The 120/30-day non-renewal notice window and the N.J.S.A. 17:36-5.20a weather-claims protection confirmed correct." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "New Jersey has not seen wholesale carrier exits. Pressure is concentrated on Jersey Shore coastal homes (Cape May, Atlantic, Ocean and Monmouth counties): carriers limiting new coastal business, raising hurricane percentage deductibles, tightening roof-age underwriting, and non-renewing some shoreline properties, a recurring pattern since Superstorm Sandy (2012). No major national carrier had announced a full New Jersey homeowners exit as of May 2026. Verify any specific carrier action before naming it.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": null, "action": "no confirmed major-carrier NJ homeowners exit as of May 2026; pressure is Jersey Shore coastal underwriting tightening, higher hurricane deductibles, selective non-renewals (recurring since Sandy 2012)", "date": "2012-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/dobi/division_consumers/insurance/fairplan.htm", "source_name": "New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No specific carrier-exit announcement verified. Needs manual check of NJ DOBI market reports if a named action is wanted." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://www.nj.gov/dobi/division_consumers/insurance/homeowner.htm", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.nj.gov/dobi/division_consumers/insurance/homeowner.htm", "fair_plan_page": "https://www.nj.gov/dobi/division_consumers/insurance/fairplan.htm", "main_site": "https://www.nj.gov/dobi/", "regulator": "New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance (DOBI)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/dobi/", "source_name": "New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "NJ DOBI's FAIR Plan page (nj.gov/dobi/division_consumers/insurance/fairplan.htm) is the authoritative consumer reference; the homeowners page is the broader consumer hub." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "N.J.S.A. Title 17, Chapter 37A (New Jersey Insurance Underwriting Association / 'FAIR Plan Act'), N.J.S.A. 17:37A-1 et seq.; N.J.S.A. 17:37A-7 (plan of operation providing essential property insurance, the FAIR Plan); N.J.S.A. 17:37A-18 et seq. (New Jersey Insurance Development Fund, financial backstop). Surcharge regulation: N.J.A.C. 11:1-5.1. (Cancellation/non-renewal: N.J.A.C. 11:1-20; N.J.S.A. 17:36-5.16 et seq. and 17:36-5.20a.)", "value_json": { "citation": "N.J.S.A. 17:37A-1 et seq. (Title 17, Ch. 37A), esp. 17:37A-7 (FAIR Plan), 17:37A-18 et seq. (Insurance Development Fund)", "created": "1968 (Legislature)", "surcharge_regulation": "N.J.A.C. 11:1-5.1", "nonrenewal_rules": "N.J.A.C. 11:1-20; N.J.S.A. 17:36-5.16 et seq.; 17:36-5.20a" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/", "source_name": "New Jersey Legislature, N.J.S.A. 17:37A-1 et seq.", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Statutory basis (N.J.S.A. 17:37A-1 et seq.; 17:37A-7; 17:37A-18 et seq.) and the N.J.A.C. 11:1-5.1 surcharge regulation confirmed from NJ DOBI and case law citing the statute. Added per the standard 15-field schema (the prior compiled NJ file referenced N.J.A.C. 11:1-5.1 but not the N.J.S.A. 17:37A enabling statute). 2026-05-16: source_url moved from NJ DOBI consumer page to NJ Legislature root per L13g-CRIT (legislative facts must cite the Legislature, not the regulator). NJ Legislature has no clean deep-link for individual N.J.S.A. sections (session-gateway portal); peer-state pattern (PA uses legis.state.pa.us; VA uses law.lis.virginia.gov) is the Legislature domain root with the citation in source_name." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "NJIUA is funded by premiums plus assessments on member insurers (all admitted NJ property insurers, by market share), with the New Jersey Insurance Development Fund (N.J.S.A. 17:37A-18 et seq.) as a statutory backstop; a 'FAIR Plan surcharge' regulation (N.J.A.C. 11:1-5.1) governs how deficits can be recovered. NJIUA carries reinsurance for catastrophe losses. The FAIR Plan can require a property inspection before binding. Coastal NJ FAIR Plan policies carry a 2%-5% hurricane percentage deductible in listed coastal zip codes. The $600,000 real-property cap, the lack of personal liability (theft only as a $20K option), and the inspection requirement are the limits homeowners most often run into.", "value_json": { "funding": "premium + member-insurer assessments + New Jersey Insurance Development Fund backstop + reinsurance", "surcharge_regulation": "N.J.A.C. 11:1-5.1", "development_fund": "N.J.S.A. 17:37A-18 et seq.", "inspection": "may be required before binding", "coastal_hurricane_deductible_pct": "2-5%", "real_property_cap_usd": 600000 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/dobi/division_consumers/insurance/fairplan.htm", "source_name": "N.J.A.C. 11:1-5.1; New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance (nj.gov/dobi)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Funding/surcharge/development-fund structure well-established (NJ DOBI / Cornell LII); the $600K cap and 2-5% coastal hurricane deductible from PropertyCasualty360 (July 2024). Exact reinsurance/assessment figures change, needs manual check for current numbers." } ] }, { "code": "NM", "name": "New Mexico", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/new-mexico-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nmpropertyinsurance.com/", "source_name": "New Mexico Property Insurance Program (NMPIP)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "NMPIP established by the NM Legislature in 1969 as a property insurance pool / insurer of last resort. Operating under NMSA 1978 ch. 59A, art. 29. As of October 2025 the plan had approximately 7,210 residential enrollees and 280 commercial enrollees." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "New Mexico Property Insurance Program (NMPIP) / NM F.A.I.R. Plan", "value_json": { "legal_name": "New Mexico Property Insurance Program", "abbreviation": "NMPIP", "common_alias": "NM F.A.I.R. Plan", "fair_acronym": "Fair Access to Insurance Requirements" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nmpropertyinsurance.com/", "source_name": "New Mexico Property Insurance Program", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Legal name 'New Mexico Property Insurance Program' confirmed from plan's own website and NM OSI press releases. Also commonly called the 'NM F.A.I.R. Plan.' Official website is nmpropertyinsurance.com (NOT nmpip.com, that earlier URL is no longer official)." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.nmpropertyinsurance.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.nmpropertyinsurance.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nmpropertyinsurance.com/", "source_name": "New Mexico Property Insurance Program", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "nmpropertyinsurance.com confirmed as the active official site. Offers online quick quotes and applications. The previously cited nmpip.com should be verified, the active OSI and plan materials reference nmpropertyinsurance.com." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "At minimum: fire, extended coverage, and vandalism/malicious mischief, as required by NMSA 59A-29-5. 'Extended coverage' includes windstorm, hail, smoke, explosion, riot or civil commotion, aircraft damage, vehicle damage, and volcanic eruption. Policy forms: DP0001 (residential dwelling) and CP0099 (commercial). No liability coverage, the NMPIP does not offer property liability and it cannot be added for an additional fee. No coverage for vacant properties (ineligible). No coverage for properties within 50 miles of an active wildfire (application rejected until fire is 90% contained). ACV basis only (no replacement cost coverage). No buy-back deductibles.", "value_json": { "base_perils": [ "fire", "extended coverage (windstorm, hail, smoke, explosion, riot/civil commotion, aircraft, vehicles, volcanic eruption)", "vandalism/malicious mischief" ], "policy_forms": { "residential": "DP0001", "commercial": "CP0099" }, "exclusions": [ "liability", "flood", "earthquake", "vacant properties" ], "special_restrictions": [ "no coverage within 50 miles of active wildfire (until 90% contained)", "no replacement cost, ACV only" ], "coinsurance_required": "80% minimum for non-dwelling properties" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nmpropertyinsurance.com/underwriting-guidlines/requirements", "source_name": "New Mexico Property Insurance Program: Underwriting Requirements", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Perils confirmed from NMSA 59A-29-5 and NMPIP FAQ. ACV-only basis, no vacant-property coverage, and 50-mile wildfire restriction confirmed from NMPIP requirements page. Liability exclusion confirmed from FAQ ('the NMPIP coverage does not offer property liability nor can an additional fee be paid to add liability'). The 80% coinsurance requirement applies to non-dwelling properties." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "Residential (1-4 family dwellings): $750,000 (Protection Class 1-7: protected) / $500,000 (Class 8-10: unprotected), under normal operations. Under a gubernatorial Executive Emergency Order declaring a catastrophe: both protected and unprotected limits increase to $750,000. Commercial: $2,000,000 per division (all construction types), total policy limit $5,000,000.", "value_json": { "residential_protected_usd": 750000, "residential_unprotected_usd": 500000, "residential_catastrophe_declaration_usd": 750000, "commercial_per_division_usd": 2000000, "commercial_total_policy_max_usd": 5000000, "effective_date": "2025-07-07", "currency": "USD" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.osi.state.nm.us/en/news/bulletin-2025-004/", "source_name": "NM Office of Superintendent of Insurance: Bulletin 2025-004", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Residential limits confirmed from NM OSI Bulletin 2025-004 (effective July 7, 2025): $750K protected / $500K unprotected for 1-4 family dwellings. This represented an increase from the prior $350,000 cap (raised March-July 2025 per OSI's interim action). Commercial $2M cap confirmed from OSI press release dated October 15, 2025 ('coverage for commercial properties increased from $1M to $2M'). Commercial total policy limit $5M confirmed from NMPIP underwriting requirements page." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "Liability supplement required, the NMPIP does not offer liability coverage and it cannot be added. Policyholders who need liability coverage must obtain a separate standalone liability policy from the E&S or standard market. A formal DIC/wrap product (as in CA) is not marketed in NM by name, but supplementing the NMPIP policy with liability coverage is the expected practice.", "value_json": { "status": "liability supplement required", "liability_gap": "NMPIP excludes liability; cannot be added even for a fee; separate policy required", "formal_dic_product": false }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nmpropertyinsurance.com/faqs", "source_name": "New Mexico Property Insurance Program: FAQ", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Liability exclusion and the explicit inability to add it confirmed from NMPIP FAQ ('the NMPIP coverage does not offer property liability nor can an additional fee be paid to add liability on to the policy')." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Applicants must be unable to secure property insurance in the normal voluntary market. Effective November 4, 2025: applicants must submit an affidavit signed by both the applicant and the applicant's licensed insurance producer with both initial applications and renewals, documenting receipt of a declination from the voluntary market. No vacant properties eligible. No properties within 50 miles of an active wildfire (application rejected until fire is 90% contained). Property must meet minimum insurability standards (inspected for hazardous conditions; hazards must be corrected before policy issuance). Premium must be paid before policy issuance.", "value_json": { "rule": "unable to obtain from voluntary market + affidavit documenting declination (eff. Nov 4 2025) + property meets standards + not vacant + not within 50mi of active wildfire", "affidavit_required_since": "2025-11-04", "affidavit_parties": [ "applicant", "licensed NM insurance producer" ], "ineligible": [ "vacant properties", "properties within 50 miles of active wildfire until 90% contained" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nmpropertyinsurance.com/", "source_name": "New Mexico Property Insurance Program", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Affidavit requirement effective November 4, 2025 confirmed from nmpropertyinsurance.com. Vacancy and wildfire proximity ineligibility confirmed from NMPIP FAQ. Premium-before-policy-issuance requirement from underwriting requirements page." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through a licensed New Mexico property insurance producer. Producers submit applications through NMPIP's online portal (nmpropertyinsurance.com offers quick quotes and applications). As of November 4, 2025, both applicant and producer must e-sign an affidavit documenting the declination from the voluntary market. If e-signature is unavailable, a signed affidavit can be submitted as an endorsement attachment. If an applicant cannot find a producer, they may contact NMPIP directly.", "value_json": { "channel": "licensed NM property insurance producer", "info_url": "https://www.nmpropertyinsurance.com/", "online_quote_application": true, "affidavit_required": "eff. 2025-11-04, both applicant + producer must sign" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nmpropertyinsurance.com/faqs", "source_name": "New Mexico Property Insurance Program: FAQ", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Producer-only access and online application availability confirmed from nmpropertyinsurance.com. Affidavit e-signature requirement and fallback paper process confirmed from NMPIP FAQ." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "More expensive than the standard market for narrower coverage (ACV only, no liability, no replacement cost). A last resort for properties that cannot obtain private coverage, particularly relevant for properties in wildfire-prone areas of New Mexico. Standard market non-renewals in wildfire areas have driven rapid FAIR Plan growth. Mitigation discounts available for properties meeting Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety (IBHS) standards, subject to Superintendent approval.", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, narrower coverage (ACV only, no liability); last resort for wildfire-prone areas; mitigation discounts available" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nmpropertyinsurance.com/underwriting-guidlines/requirements", "source_name": "New Mexico Property Insurance Program: Underwriting Requirements", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Mitigation discounts confirmed from NMPIP underwriting requirements page ('Premium discounts available for mitigation meeting Insurance Institute standards; Superintendent approval required'). ACV-only basis confirmed. General pricing positioning from plan's purpose as insurer of last resort." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Per III FY2024 reporting: approximately 7,506 habitational policies in force, total exposure approximately $951 million ($950,673,000). NM is one of the faster-growing FAIR Plans nationally, driven by wildfire-driven non-renewals. The Consumer Federation of America estimates that 13% of New Mexico properties are uninsured, the second-highest rate in the nation behind Mississippi (cited by OSI in July 2025 press release). Key 2025 changes: (1) Residential limits raised from a tiered $225K-$350K to $750,000 (protected, ISO classes 1-7) / $500,000 (unprotected, classes 8-10), FAIR Plan Governing Committee approved the statewide increase Feb 20, 2025; OSI Superintendent provisionally approved $350,000 to $750,000 effective March 7-8, 2025; made permanent ~July 7, 2025 (OSI Bulletin 2025-004). (2) Commercial limits raised from a tiered $250K-$1M, up to $1M, then to $2,000,000 per division ($5,000,000 total per policy) effective October 15, 2025. (3) Mandatory affidavit documenting a voluntary-market declination (signed by applicant + licensed producer) added November 4, 2025. (4) IBHS Wildfire Prepared Home standards adopted as a condition to remain insured in wildfire-prone areas; ~$10M in home-mitigation grants being distributed via the FAIR Plan Governing Committee. (5) SB 81 (2025 NM session) would have raised residential limits to $1M and commercial to $5M and overhauled FAIR Plan governance; passed the Senate 34-1 (March 8, 2025) but was tabled by the House Judiciary Committee (~7-4) on ~March 17, 2025, so OSI implemented the limit increases by administrative action instead. The OSI separately sought a ~$50M state capacity boost for the plan (Nov 2024). (6) Enrollment ~7,210 residential + ~280 commercial enrollees as of October 2025 (per Superintendent Alice Kane). (7) January 2026: OSI Bulletin 2026-003 orders residential property/casualty insurers to notify Ruidoso-area policyholders of an ISO fire service protection area downgrade from PPC Class 2 to Class 3, effective July 1, 2026. Class 3 remains within the NMPIP protected range (classes 1-7), so the $750,000 residential dwelling limit is unchanged; however, private-market rate increases in the Ruidoso area are expected to accelerate NMPIP enrollment in the market most affected by wildfires in New Mexico. Wildfire drivers: 2022 Hermits Peak/Calf Canyon Fire (largest in NM history, 900+ structures destroyed near Las Vegas, NM) and the 2024 South Fork and Salt fires near Ruidoso (~1,400 structures). From Jan 2021 to July 2024 the top 10 homeowners insurers issued over 10,000 non-renewals in NM.", "value_json": { "habitational_policies_in_force_fy2024_approx": 7506, "exposure_fy2024_usd_approx": 950673000, "uninsured_properties_pct_approx": 13, "uninsured_properties_ranking": "2nd highest nationally (behind Mississippi)", "uninsured_properties_source": "Consumer Federation of America, cited in NM OSI pr-2025-07-14", "limit_changes_2025": [ { "change": "residential limits raised tiered $225K-$350K to $750K protected / $500K unprotected", "committee_approval": "2025-02-20", "osi_provisional": "2025-03-07/08", "permanent": "~2025-07-07 (OSI Bulletin 2025-004)" }, { "change": "commercial limits raised tiered $250K-$1M to $2M per division / $5M per policy", "effective_2m": "2025-10-15" }, { "change": "mandatory voluntary-market-declination affidavit (applicant + producer)", "effective": "2025-11-04" }, { "change": "IBHS Wildfire Prepared Home standards adopted as eligibility condition in wildfire-prone areas; ~$10M mitigation grants" } ], "sb81_2025": { "proposed_residential_limit": 1000000, "proposed_commercial_limit": 5000000, "senate_vote": "34-1 pass (2025-03-08)", "house_outcome": "tabled by House Judiciary (~7-4) ~2025-03-17; limit increases done administratively instead" }, "osi_capacity_boost_request_usd_approx": 50000000, "enrollees_oct2025": { "residential": 7210, "commercial": 280 }, "nonrenewals_top10_insurers_2021_to_jul2024_approx": 10000, "ruidoso_ppc_downgrade_2026": { "bulletin": "OSI Bulletin 2026-003", "issued": "2026-01", "change": "ISO PPC Class 2 to Class 3", "area": "Ruidoso Fire Service Protection Areas", "effective": "2026-07-01", "nmpip_dwelling_cap_impact": "none; Class 3 remains within protected range (classes 1-7, $750K limit)", "private_market_impact": "rate increases expected; likely to accelerate NMPIP enrollment in Ruidoso" }, "wildfire_drivers": [ "Hermits Peak/Calf Canyon Fire (2022)", "South Fork and Salt fires, Ruidoso (2024)" ], "current_commissioner": { "name": "Alice T. Kane", "title": "Superintendent of Insurance", "confirmed_date": "2023-06-12", "predecessor": "Russell Toal (retired 2023-01-20); Jennifer A. Catechis served as Interim Superintendent from 2023-01-21 until Kane's June 2023 appointment via NM Insurance Nominating Committee", "source_url": "https://www.osi.state.nm.us/en/about-us/about-the-superintendent/", "source_name": "New Mexico Office of Superintendent of Insurance" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 2, "label": "2" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "New Mexico billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/NM", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.osi.state.nm.us/en/news/updated-bulletin-2026-003/", "source_name": "NM OSI Bulletin 2026-003 (Ruidoso PPC Downgrade, Jan 2026) + NM OSI pr-2025-10-15 (commercial limits) + NM OSI pr-2025-07-14 (CFA uninsured estimate)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "All 2025 changes confirmed from NM OSI press releases and bulletins fetched directly. SB 81 passage and House failure confirmed from sourcenm.com reporting and OSI coverage. Enrollee count (7,210 + 280) confirmed from OSI October 2025 press release quoting Superintendent Kane. Policy count/exposure from III FY2024 table." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Governed by NMSA 1978 §59A-18-29 and the implementing regulation 13.8.4 NMAC. Non-renewal: 30 days' advance written notice per 13.8.4.9 NMAC. Mid-term cancellation distinguishes between first 60 days (10 days' notice, any reason) and after 60 days in force (15 days' notice; cancellation limited to enumerated grounds: material misrepresentation, hazard increase, license suspension, fraudulent claim). New Mexico has NO standing permanent post-disaster non-renewal moratorium (unlike California §675.1), but the OSI Superintendent has issued temporary 90-120-day emergency moratoriums on cancellations and non-renewals on at least four occasions since 2022: the 2022 Hermits Peak/Calf Canyon fire, the 2024 Lincoln County fire, the 2024 Chavez County flood, and the 2025 Trout Fire in Grant County. A wildfire-displaced homeowner in those counties had moratorium protection by emergency order.", "value_json": { "statute": "NMSA 59A-18-29 + 13.8.4 NMAC (operative subsection: 13.8.4.9)", "nonrenewal_notice_days": 30, "cancellation_first_60_days_notice_days": 10, "cancellation_after_60_days_notice_days": 15, "cancellation_after_60_days_grounds": "enumerated only (material misrepresentation, hazard increase, license suspension, fraudulent claim)", "post_disaster_moratorium_standing": false, "post_disaster_moratorium_standing_confidence": "high (per data-verifier-167 2026-05-15: NM SB 0154 (2026) is a wildfire/flood coverage-extension bill — NOT a moratorium bill — and died in Senate committee 2026-02-19; the 'no standing permanent moratorium statute' characterization remains accurate)", "post_disaster_moratorium_temporary_orders": [ "2022 Hermits Peak/Calf Canyon fire (90-120 days)", "2024 Lincoln County fire (90-120 days)", "2024 Chavez County flood (90-120 days)", "2025 Trout Fire, Grant County (90-120 days)" ] }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://www.srca.nm.gov/parts/title13/13.008.0004.html", "source_name": "13.8.4 NMAC (NM State Archives canonical) + NMSA 59A-18-29 + NM OSI emergency-order press releases", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-139 (2026-05-15): CRITICAL L16b correction on three counts. (1) 30-day non-renewal notice now confirmed from 13.8.4.9 NMAC (Cornell LII + NM State Archives SRCA); previously flagged as unconfirmed. (2) Mid-term cancellation distinguishes first 60 days (10-day notice, any reason) vs. after 60 days (15-day notice, enumerated grounds only); prior phrasing collapsed the two. (3) The post_disaster_moratorium 'none' was misleading: NM has no permanent statute but OSI has issued at least four temporary emergency moratoriums since 2022 (Hermits Peak/Calf Canyon, Lincoln Co fire, Chavez Co flood, Trout Fire). Source_url moved from OSI homepage to the NMAC canonical mirror." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "New Mexico has seen growing non-renewals in wildfire-prone areas, particularly since the 2022 Hermits Peak/Calf Canyon fire (the largest wildfire in NM history, destroying 900+ structures near Las Vegas, NM) and the 2024 South Fork fire near Ruidoso (destroyed 1,400+ structures). No major national carrier announced a complete New Mexico homeowners exit, but carriers have issued non-renewals for properties in wildfire-high-risk areas, driving rapid FAIR Plan enrollment growth. OSI Superintendent Kane described it as carriers 'non-renewing... in affected communities' following major fires.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": null, "action": "non-renewals in wildfire-high-risk areas following 2022 Hermits Peak/Calf Canyon fire and 2024 South Fork fire near Ruidoso; no full-state exit confirmed as of May 2026", "date": "2022-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.osi.state.nm.us/en/news/pr-2025-01-16/", "source_name": "NM Office of Superintendent of Insurance", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Non-renewal pattern confirmed from OSI press releases describing the wildfire-driven insurance access crisis. No specific named carrier exit confirmed, verify against NM OSI filings." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://www.osi.state.nm.us/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.osi.state.nm.us/", "regulator": "New Mexico Office of Superintendent of Insurance" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.osi.state.nm.us/", "source_name": "New Mexico Office of Superintendent of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "OSI is the NM insurance regulator. Consumer information on the FAIR Plan is at osi.state.nm.us. Contact: Melissa Robertson, Property Bureau Chief, Melissa.Robertson@osi.nm.gov." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "NMSA 1978, ch. 59A, art. 29 (§§ 59A-29-1 to 59A-29-11), New Mexico Property Insurance Program. Key provisions: §59A-29-5 (minimum perils required: fire, EC, VMM). Cancellation/non-renewal: NMSA §59A-18-29 + 13.8.4 NMAC.", "value_json": { "fair_plan_statute": "NMSA 1978, ch. 59A, art. 29 (§§ 59A-29-1 to 59A-29-11)", "minimum_perils_authority": "NMSA §59A-29-5", "cancellation_statute": "NMSA §59A-18-29 + 13.8.4 NMAC", "chapter_effective": "1985-04-01 (current codification)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/", "source_name": "New Mexico Legislature, NMSA 1978 ch. 59A art. 29", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Statutory basis confirmed from NMPIP website and OSI Bulletin 2025-004 (citing 'NMSA 1978, Section 59A-29-5'). Plan established 1969 by NM Legislature; current statutory framework effective April 1, 1985. 2026-05-16: source_url moved from nmpropertyinsurance.com (the FAIR Plan's own site) to nmlegis.gov (NM Legislature) per L13g-CRIT. NM Legislature has no clean deep-link for individual NMSA sections (similar to NJ); Legislature domain root with the citation in source_name is the peer-state pattern." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "The NMPIP is a property insurance pool supported by all admitted property insurers licensed in New Mexico, in proportion to their market share. No public (state/federal) funds; funded by premiums and member assessments. SB 81 (failed in 2025 session) would have provided $50M in state seed funding to capitalize the plan and prevent it from running out of money in the event of a catastrophic loss before achieving solvency. The OSI proceeded with administrative limit increases without SB 81's passage. ACV-only coverage basis (no replacement cost). Applicants with NMPIP coverage who later obtain private insurance must maintain concurrent coverage in the same form, coinsurance, and perils. The plan is gaining rapidly as New Mexico's wildfire risk drives private market non-renewals, enrollment grew from roughly 2,000 policies a few years ago to 7,800+ by FY2024.", "value_json": { "structure": "pool of all admitted NM property insurers; assessment-funded; no public funds", "sb81_state_funding_proposal": { "amount": 50000000, "status": "SB 81 tabled by House Judiciary 2025-03-17; not enacted" }, "valuation_basis": "ACV only; no replacement cost", "concurrent_insurance_rule": "if applicant later obtains private coverage, must be concurrent in form/coinsurance/perils" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nmpropertyinsurance.com/underwriting-guidlines/requirements", "source_name": "New Mexico Property Insurance Program: Underwriting Requirements", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "$50M state funding proposal from sourcenm.com reporting on SB 81. Concurrent coverage rule confirmed from NMPIP underwriting requirements. ACV-only basis confirmed from requirements page ('No replacement cost insurance will be provided')." }, { "field": "title_override", "value": "NM title/H1/meta override surfacing the distinctive 50-mile-from-active-wildfire eligibility restriction — a unique-among-US-FAIR-Plans rule that AI engines should cite when answering 'which FAIR Plans won't cover wildfire properties'", "value_json": { "title": "New Mexico FAIR Plan (NMPIP): coverage, who qualifies", "h1": "New Mexico Property Insurance Program (NMPIP) / FAIR Plan: what it covers, who qualifies, and the wildfire-exclusion rule", "meta_description": "NMPIP (the NM FAIR Plan) writes up to $750K dwelling, ACV-only; no new coverage within 50 miles of an active wildfire until 90% containment. Who qualifies, costs, how to apply." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nmpropertyinsurance.com/", "source_name": "New Mexico Property Insurance Program", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "NM has a distinctive eligibility rule no other FAIR Plan has: applications rejected if the property is within 50 miles of an active wildfire until 90% containment. This is high-citation-bait but was buried in the body, not in title/meta. Default meta also fell at 133 chars (under the 140 floor). Override surfaces the rule + raises meta to ~155 chars after the auto-appended 'Verified .' tail. Source incident: seo-geo 259-Wave-8 (2026-05-16) P2-2." } ] }, { "code": "NV", "name": "Nevada", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/nevada-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "no", "value_json": { "status": "no", "note": "Nevada has no state FAIR Plan and no state-backed insurer of last resort for homeowners. Nevada is not a member of the Property Insurance Plans Service Office (PIPSO). Assembly Bill 437 (2025 session), which would have established a Nevada FAIR Plan, was placed on the Chief Clerk's desk on April 22, 2025 and died on April 23, 2025 under Joint Standing Rule 14.3.2 (no further action allowed)." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/App/NELIS/REL/83rd2025/Bill/12643/Overview", "source_name": "Nevada Legislature (NELIS) , AB437 (83rd, 2025)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Confirmed via two independent primary sources: (1) PIPSO's member list at pipso.com/members/ does not include Nevada; (2) NELIS shows AB437 missed the second-house passage deadline. Sponsor was Assemblymember Jill Dickman (R)." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "no plan", "value_json": { "name": null, "note": "no Nevada FAIR Plan exists; coverage of last resort is the surplus lines / non-admitted (E&S) market, brokered through licensed Nevada surplus-lines brokers and processed through the Nevada Surplus Lines Association (NSLA, Reno)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nsla.org/", "source_name": "Nevada Surplus Lines Association (NSLA)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Per NRS Chapter 685A (Nonadmitted Insurance), a Nevada surplus-lines broker may place coverage with a non-admitted insurer only after the risk has been declined by admitted carriers. That diligent-effort rule is the practical 'last resort' gate in Nevada." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "no plan website; Nevada Division of Insurance homeowners consumer page at doi.nv.gov/Consumers/Homeowners-Insurance/ is the closest equivalent", "value_json": { "url": null, "doi_consumer_page": "https://doi.nv.gov/Consumers/Homeowners-Insurance/", "doi_homepage": "https://doi.nv.gov/", "nsla": "https://www.nsla.org/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.nv.gov/Consumers/Homeowners-Insurance/", "source_name": "Nevada Division of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "There is no Nevada FAIR Plan website because there is no Nevada FAIR Plan. The Nevada Division of Insurance homeowners page is the official starting point for consumers having trouble finding coverage." }, { "field": "residual_market_structure", "value": "Surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S) market; no FAIR Plan, no JUA, no state-backed insurer of last resort.", "value_json": { "primary_path": "surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S)", "regulator": "Nevada Division of Insurance (NDOI)", "stamping_office": "Nevada Surplus Lines Association (NSLA), Reno", "statutes": [ "NRS Chapter 685A (Nonadmitted Insurance)", "NRS 685A.180 (surplus lines tax)" ], "no_fair_plan": true, "no_jua": true, "pipso_member": false }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/NRS-685A.html", "source_name": "Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 685A (Nonadmitted Insurance)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "When admitted carriers decline a property, a Nevada-licensed surplus lines broker can place the risk with an eligible non-admitted insurer. Surplus-lines policies are not backed by the Nevada Insurance Guaranty Association (NRS Chapter 687A) , a material consumer-protection trade-off vs. an admitted-carrier policy." }, { "field": "regulatory_authority", "value": "Nevada Division of Insurance (NDOI), a division of the Nevada Department of Business and Industry. Commissioner: Ned Gaines.", "value_json": { "name": "Nevada Division of Insurance", "abbrev": "NDOI", "url": "https://doi.nv.gov/", "commissioner": "Ned Gaines", "carson_city_address": "1818 E. College Pkwy., Suite 103, Carson City, NV 89706", "las_vegas_address": "3300 W. Sahara Ave., Suite 275, Las Vegas, NV 89102", "parent_dept": "Nevada Department of Business and Industry", "rate_authority_note": "Nevada is a prior-approval state for personal lines rates; NDOI reviews and may approve, disapprove or modify proposed rate filings under NRS 686B." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.nv.gov/Contact-Us/", "source_name": "Nevada Division of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Commissioner Ned Gaines confirmed via the NAIC state directory and NDOI Contact-Us page. NDOI is one of seven divisions under the Nevada Department of Business and Industry." }, { "field": "DOI_contact", "value": "Nevada Division of Insurance, Carson City: (775) 687-0700. Las Vegas: (702) 486-4009. Toll-free: (888) 872-3234. Email: insinfo@doi.nv.gov. File a complaint: doi.nv.gov/Consumers/File-A-Complaint/", "value_json": { "carson_city_phone": "(775) 687-0700", "carson_city_fax": "(775) 687-0787", "las_vegas_phone": "(702) 486-4009", "las_vegas_fax": "(702) 486-4007", "toll_free": "(888) 872-3234", "email": "insinfo@doi.nv.gov", "hours": "8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday-Friday (closed state holidays)", "complaint_url": "https://doi.nv.gov/Consumers/File-A-Complaint/", "carson_city_address": "1818 E. College Pkwy., Suite 103, Carson City, NV 89706", "las_vegas_address": "3300 W. Sahara Ave., Suite 275, Las Vegas, NV 89102" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.nv.gov/Contact-Us/", "source_name": "Nevada Division of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Phone numbers, addresses, hours and complaint URL verified directly from NDOI's Contact-Us page." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Nevada requires written notice for cancellation or nonrenewal under NRS 687B.320-687B.350. Cancellation: at least 10 days for nonpayment, 30 days for other grounds. Nonrenewal: at least 30 days for personal lines (60 days for commercial). Policies in force 70+ days or renewed cannot be midterm-canceled except on enumerated grounds in NRS 687B.320. Notice must state the effective date and include a written explanation of the specific reasons.", "value_json": { "cancellation_nonpayment_days": 10, "cancellation_other_grounds_days": 30, "nonrenewal_personal_lines_days": 30, "nonrenewal_commercial_days": 60, "midterm_cancellation_protection_after_days": 70, "statutes": [ "NRS 687B.310", "NRS 687B.320", "NRS 687B.340", "NRS 687B.350", "NRS 687B.420" ], "delivery": "personal delivery or first-class/certified mail to last known address", "reasons_required": true, "post_disaster_moratorium": "no standing statutory moratorium", "rate_approval_regime": "prior approval (NRS 686B)" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/NRS-687B.html#NRS687BSec320", "source_name": "Nevada Revised Statutes § 687B.320 (Nevada Legislature)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Nevada law lists the only valid grounds for midterm cancellation in NRS 687B.320 (nonpayment, fraud, material misrepresentation, substantial change in risk, etc.). Unlike California, Nevada does not have a standing post-wildfire non-renewal moratorium (no Cal. Ins. Code § 675.1 equivalent); the Commissioner may issue bulletins after a declared disaster on a case-by-case basis." }, { "field": "rate_approval_regime", "value": "Nevada is a prior-approval state for personal-lines property rates. Carriers must file proposed rates with NDOI and obtain approval (or no disapproval within the statutory waiting period) before use, under NRS Chapter 686B.", "value_json": { "regime": "prior approval (personal lines)", "doi_authority": "approve, disapprove or modify proposed rates; require justification; conduct hearings", "statute": "NRS Chapter 686B (Rates and Rating Organizations)", "contrast": "Arizona is file-and-use with no rate-approval authority; California has prior approval under Prop 103" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/NRS-686B.html", "source_name": "Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 686B", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Nevada is generally classified as a prior-approval state for personal-lines homeowners; specific filing-and-approval mechanics are in NRS 686B and NAC 686B. Confirm the precise procedural posture (e.g. deemer periods) before quoting hard timelines." }, { "field": "ab376_wildfire_exclusion_law", "value": "Nevada AB376 (2025 session) does two things at once. (1) Section 25.1 of the enrolled bill amends NRS Chapter 691A to expressly permit any admitted insurer issuing property insurance to exclude the peril of wildfire from coverage. This permission is a PERMANENT change to Nevada insurance law (no sunset) and takes effect 2026-01-01. Nevada is the first US state to authorize this carve-out by statute. (2) Sections 2 to 20 plus Section 26 establish a 4-year Regulatory Experimentation Program for Insurance Product Innovation (an insurance-product sandbox + a public-records carve-out) that allows admitted insurers to test wildfire-only qualified standalone products. Section 27.4 of the enrolled bill (Sec. 27.3 in earlier prints) expires those Sections 2 to 20 + 26 by limitation on 2030-01-01 (sandbox sunset). Section 25.1 is NOT inside that scope; it persists. Signed by Gov. Joe Lombardo; effective 2026-01-01. Per Commissioner Gaines, if an insurer exercises the wildfire carve-out it must apply the change statewide (no ZIP-level red-lining).", "value_json": { "bill": "AB376", "session": "83rd (2025)", "signed_by": "Gov. Joe Lombardo (R)", "effective_date": "2026-01-01", "wildfire_exclusion_authority": { "section": "Section 25.1 of the enrolled bill (amends NRS Chapter 691A, Property Insurance)", "verbatim_text": "An insurer that issues a policy of property insurance may exclude the peril of wildfire from the coverage provided under the policy.", "sunset_status": "PERMANENT (no sunset; Section 25.1 is outside the scope of Section 27.4's sunset clause)", "verified_against": "Nevada Legislature enrolled PDF + Second Reprint PDF (archive.leg.state.nv.us/Session/83rd2025/Bills/AB/AB376.pdf and AB376_R2.pdf)" }, "sandbox_program": { "scope": "Sections 2 to 20 + Section 26 of the enrolled bill", "what_it_creates": "Regulatory Experimentation Program for Insurance Product Innovation (insurance-product sandbox) + a public-records amendment for sandbox participants", "sunset_date": "2030-01-01", "sunset_basis": "Section 27.4 of the enrolled bill: 'Sections 2 to 20, inclusive, and section 26 of this act expire by limitation on January 1, 2030.'" }, "sponsor_committee": "Assembly Committee on Commerce and Labor", "statewide_application_required": true, "regulator_quote_gaines": "We are the first to implement this. If an insurer decides they are going to carve out the wildfire risk from their homeowners policy, they will have to do that for the entirety of the state.", "first_in_nation": true, "consumer_concern": "Amy Bach (United Policyholders): 'homeowners already struggling with premium affordability may forgo supplemental coverage'" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://archive.leg.state.nv.us/Session/83rd2025/Bills/AB/AB376.pdf", "source_name": "Nevada Legislature AB376 enrolled bill PDF + Second Reprint PDF (83rd, 2025)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "data-verifier-191 (fourth-pass primary-source extraction, 2026-05-15) RESOLVED the open question raised by data-verifier-181: the wildfire-exclusion authority IS PERMANENT. Section 25.1 of the enrolled bill amends NRS Chapter 691A to allow admitted insurers to exclude wildfire from any property-insurance policy; Section 25.1 is not in the Section 27.4 sunset's scope (which only expires Sections 2 to 20 + Section 26). The sandbox expires 2030-01-01; the underlying NRS Chapter 691A amendment does not. The prior 'expires with the sandbox' framing was wrong (data-verifier-119) and has been corrected. Confidence restored to high; needs_rescan cleared. Cross-verified against Susan Crawford Substack Oct 2025, Nevada Current Oct 2025, and Tahoe Daily Tribune coverage; all four sources agree." }, { "field": "ab437_fair_plan_failed", "value": "Nevada AB437 (2025 session) would have established a Nevada FAIR Plan (Fair Access to Insurance Requirements). Sponsor: Assemblymember Jill Dickman (R). Status: placed on the Chief Clerk's desk April 22, 2025; died April 23, 2025 under Joint Standing Rule 14.3.2 (no further action allowed). Did not advance to the Senate.", "value_json": { "bill": "AB437", "session": "83rd (2025)", "sponsor": "Assemblymember Jill Dickman (R)", "bdr": "57-103", "status": "died in second-house passage deadline", "died_on": "2025-04-23", "would_have_done": "established a Fair Access to Insurance Requirements (FAIR) Plan as Nevada's insurer of last resort for homeowners unable to obtain coverage in the voluntary market" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/App/NELIS/REL/83rd2025/Bill/12643/Overview", "source_name": "Nevada Legislature (NELIS) , AB437 (83rd, 2025)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "AB437 failing is structurally important: Nevada legislators in 2025 explicitly considered creating a FAIR Plan and chose not to, opting instead for AB376's wildfire-exclusion mechanism. The next regular legislative session is the 84th (2027); a FAIR Plan would have to be re-introduced then unless called in a special session." }, { "field": "wildfire_cancellation_data", "value": "Per Nevada Division of Insurance 2025 Insurance Market Report: in 2023, 481 homeowners policies in Nevada were canceled or non-renewed due to wildfire risk (an 82% increase from 264 in 2022). Nearly 5,000 homeowners applications were declined for wildfire risk in 2023, a 104.8% increase from approximately 2,400 in 2022. Per NDOI testimony to the Nevada Legislature interim Committee on Commerce and Labor (late 2025): approximately 2,703 homeowners policies were canceled or non-renewed for wildfire risk in 2024 (a further 462% increase from 481 in 2023); applications declined grew to approximately 13,000 in 2024 (a 160% increase from ~5,000 in 2023). The 2024 figures are from NDOI legislative testimony and have not yet appeared in a published NDOI Insurance Market Report; treat as medium-confidence pending the 2026 IMR release.", "value_json": { "policies_cancelled_or_nonrenewed_2022": 264, "policies_cancelled_or_nonrenewed_2023": 481, "yoy_change_2022_to_2023_pct": 82, "policies_cancelled_or_nonrenewed_2024_approx": 2703, "yoy_change_2023_to_2024_pct_approx": 462, "applications_declined_2022": 2400, "applications_declined_2023": 5000, "yoy_change_applications_2022_to_2023_pct": 104.8, "applications_declined_2024_approx": 13000, "yoy_change_applications_2023_to_2024_pct_approx": 160, "geographic_concentration": [ "Incline Village (Washoe County)", "Stateline (Douglas County)", "Reno-Carson corridor", "Spring Mountains (Clark County)", "Henderson and Las Vegas ZIP codes (unexpected; per NDOI 2025 testimony)" ], "source_2022_2023": "Nevada Division of Insurance 2025 Insurance Market Report (published PDF)", "source_2024": "NDOI testimony to Nevada Legislature interim Committee on Commerce and Labor (late 2025); not yet in a published IMR - treat as medium-confidence", "imr_2026_status": "not yet published as of June 2026" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.nv.gov/uploadedFiles/doi.nv.gov/Content/News_and_Notices/NDOI%20IMR%202025%20Final.pdf", "source_name": "Nevada Division of Insurance 2025 Insurance Market Report + NDOI legislative testimony (interim Committee on Commerce and Labor, 2025)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "The 481-policy and ~5,000-application figures are the most-cited Nevada-specific wildfire-cancellation statistics and were central to the AB376 / AB437 legislative debate. 2024 figures should appear in the 2026 IMR (not yet released as of May 2026)." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "In Incline Village (Lake Tahoe, NV side), 2 of 21 carriers stopped writing new homeowners policies in 2024; in Stateline, the available-carrier count dropped from 18 to 14. Named carriers reducing or non-renewing wildfire-risk Nevada homeowners coverage include American Family Insurance and Farmers Insurance. HOA condominium-master non-renewals have pushed Incline Village dues from $600 to $1,700/month at some buildings.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "American Family Insurance", "action": "reducing or non-renewing homeowners coverage in 'forested-area-proximate' Nevada zip codes", "date": "2023-2024", "source": "homeowner reports cited by Nevada Globe / IVCBA" }, { "carrier": "Farmers Insurance", "action": "reducing or non-renewing homeowners coverage in 'forested-area-proximate' Nevada zip codes", "date": "2023-2024", "source": "homeowner reports cited by Nevada Globe / IVCBA" }, { "carrier": "(aggregate market)", "action": "Incline Village available carriers dropped from 21 to 19; Stateline from 18 to 14", "date": "2024", "source": "Nevada Current, 2024-08-01" }, { "carrier": "(aggregate HOA market)", "action": "Incline Village HOA monthly dues rose from $600 to $1,700 at some buildings after master condo non-renewal", "date": "2023-2024", "source": "IVCBA / Nevada Globe" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://nevadacurrent.com/2024/08/01/home-insurer-skittishness-on-wildfire-risk-a-growing-issue-for-nevada/", "source_name": "Nevada Current / IVCBA / Nevada Globe", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Per-carrier exits in Nevada are less cleanly documented than in California; American Family and Farmers are the two most-named carriers in homeowner reporting, but NDOI has not published a public per-carrier exit ledger. The aggregate carrier-count drops in Incline Village/Stateline come from NDOI staff statements to the Nevada Current." }, { "field": "carriers_top10", "value": "Nevada's 10 largest homeowners insurance groups by market share (NDOI's Policy Forms reference, NAIC 2018 data): State Farm 19.79%, Farmers 14.24%, Allstate 9.81%, Liberty Mutual 7.63%, USAA 6.48%, American Family 6.03%, Travelers 5.66%, CSAA 5.30%, Hartford 2.98%, country Financial 2.00%.", "value_json": { "vintage": "2018 (most-recent NDOI-published reference)", "groups": [ { "rank": 1, "name": "State Farm Group", "market_share_pct": 19.79 }, { "rank": 2, "name": "Farmers Insurance Group", "market_share_pct": 14.24 }, { "rank": 3, "name": "Allstate Insurance Group", "market_share_pct": 9.81 }, { "rank": 4, "name": "Liberty Mutual Group", "market_share_pct": 7.63 }, { "rank": 5, "name": "USAA Group", "market_share_pct": 6.48 }, { "rank": 6, "name": "American Family Insurance Group", "market_share_pct": 6.03 }, { "rank": 7, "name": "Travelers Group", "market_share_pct": 5.66 }, { "rank": 8, "name": "CSAA (California State Auto) Group", "market_share_pct": 5.3 }, { "rank": 9, "name": "Hartford Fire and Casualty Group", "market_share_pct": 2.98 }, { "rank": 10, "name": "country Financial Group", "market_share_pct": 2 } ], "top_10_concentration_pct": 79.92 }, "unit": "%", "source_url": "https://doi.nv.gov/Consumers/Homeowners-Insurance/Policy-Forms/", "source_name": "Nevada Division of Insurance , Policy Forms Used by the 10 Largest Home Insurance Groups", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "NDOI's published list draws on NAIC 2018 data; the underlying ranks have likely shifted somewhat by 2026, but the top concentration (~80% in the top 10) is structurally stable. The NDOI 2025 Insurance Market Report should update this, but the PDF was not legibly accessible during research." }, { "field": "surplus_lines_role", "value": "Nevada surplus-lines market grew sharply mid-2024: 31% YoY premium growth and 19% YoY policy-count growth in residential/homeowners and other personal property coverages, attributed by NSLA Executive Director Maria Muzea to wildfire-driven displacement from the admitted market. Nevada surplus-lines premium tax: 3.5% (NRS 685A.180); NSLA stamping fee: 0.4%. Stamping office: Nevada Surplus Lines Association (Reno).", "value_json": { "mid_2024_premium_growth_pct_yoy_personal_property": 31, "mid_2024_policy_count_growth_pct_yoy_personal_property": 19, "stamping_office": "Nevada Surplus Lines Association (NSLA)", "nsla_address": "6490 S. McCarran Blvd #39, Reno, NV 89509", "nsla_phone": "(775) 826-7898", "nsla_url": "https://www.nsla.org/", "premium_tax_pct": 3.5, "stamping_fee_pct": 0.4, "statutes": [ "NRS Chapter 685A", "NRS 685A.180 (tax)", "NRS 685A.175" ], "guaranty_fund_note": "Surplus-lines policies are not backed by the Nevada Insurance Guaranty Association (NRS Chapter 687A)", "executive_director": "Maria Muzea" }, "unit": "%", "source_url": "https://www.wsia.org/common/Uploaded%20files/docs/PDF/Legislative/Stamping/MEDIA_RELEASE-2024_Surplus_Lines_Stamping_Office_Midyear_Report.pdf", "source_name": "WSIA 2024 Surplus Lines Stamping Office Midyear Report / Nevada Surplus Lines Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "31% / 19% YoY growth figures are from NSLA via the WSIA mid-2024 stamping-office report. Note: 'personal property' here is broader than homeowners alone but is the closest published proxy for HO-displacement-to-surplus-lines flow. NSLA is a 501(c)(6) nonprofit incorporated in Nevada." }, { "field": "guaranty_fund", "value": "Nevada Insurance Guaranty Association (NVIGA) covers claims against insolvent admitted property & casualty carriers only. It does not cover surplus lines / non-admitted carriers. Statute: NRS Chapter 687A.", "value_json": { "fund_name": "Nevada Insurance Guaranty Association", "abbrev": "NVIGA", "covers": "admitted (licensed) property & casualty insurers", "does_not_cover": "surplus lines / non-admitted (E&S), life, annuity, health, mortgage guaranty, financial guaranty, fidelity/surety, credit, warranties, title, ocean marine", "statute": "NRS Chapter 687A", "url": "https://nevada.ncigf.org/", "eligibility": "claimant or insured must be a Nevada resident or have principal place of business in Nevada at time of insured event, OR property must be permanently located in Nevada" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://nevada.ncigf.org/frequently-asked-questions/", "source_name": "Nevada Insurance Guaranty Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Critical consumer-protection delta: a homeowner forced into the surplus-lines market by a wildfire non-renewal loses both rate-review protection and guaranty-fund backstop. This becomes more important after Jan 1, 2026 if admitted carriers exercise AB376's wildfire-exclusion option." }, { "field": "wui_exposure", "value": "Nevada is in Cotality's 2025 top-14 western states for wildfire exposure but is not in the top 5 by absolute home count (CA, CO, TX, OR, AZ dominate). Approximately 3.4 million acres of National Forest and BLM lands near Reno, Sparks, Carson City, Lake Tahoe, and Elko are classified high-risk WUI; western Nevada is the primary exposure zone.", "value_json": { "primary_wui_metros": [ "Reno-Sparks", "Carson City", "Lake Tahoe (NV side: Incline Village, Stateline, Zephyr Cove)", "Elko", "Spring Mountains (NW Las Vegas Valley)" ], "high_risk_acres_federal": 3400000, "us_rank_cotality_top5": false, "cotality_top5_2025": [ "CA (1.3M)", "CO (319K)", "TX (243K)", "OR (128K)", "AZ (124K)" ], "primary_drivers": [ "WUI development pressure (Reno-Sparks growth)", "drought + cheatgrass fuels", "high winds from Sierra leeward effect", "lightning ignitions in Great Basin" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.cotality.com/press-releases/2025-wildfire-risk-report", "source_name": "Cotality (formerly CoreLogic) 2025 Wildfire Risk Report / BLM Carson City District", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Cotality's 2025 report does not publish a Nevada-specific home count in the publicly summarized version; NV is below AZ (124K homes) but the proportional WUI-exposure share of NV housing stock is concentrated in Washoe + Douglas + Carson City counties. The 3.4M-acre figure is the BLM Carson City District's high-risk-area estimate spanning 11 NV counties + eastern CA." }, { "field": "catastrophe_history", "value": "Major modern Nevada wildfires affecting homes: Caldor (2021, CA + NV border) threatened Lake Tahoe Basin, ~50,000 evacuated, 1,005 structures destroyed (mostly CA-side Grizzly Flats); Tamarack (2021, Alpine CA + Douglas NV + Lyon NV) burned 68,637 acres, 13 structures destroyed/damaged in Douglas County NV (8 homes destroyed); Davis (2024, Washoe County south of Reno) burned 5,824 acres, destroyed 14 structures (11 homes, 2 commercial, 1 church) plus 22 outbuildings, accidental campfire cause.", "value_json": { "events": [ { "name": "Caldor", "year": 2021, "acres": 221835, "structures_total": 1005, "counties_nv": [ "Douglas (threatened)" ], "counties_ca": [ "El Dorado", "Alpine", "Amador" ], "note": "primarily CA fire; threatened Tahoe Basin from south; ~50,000 evacuated, Tahoe Basin under historic evacuation order" }, { "name": "Tamarack", "year": 2021, "acres": 68637, "structures_destroyed_or_damaged_nv": 13, "homes_destroyed_nv": 8, "counties_nv": [ "Douglas", "Lyon" ], "counties_ca": [ "Alpine" ], "ignition": "lightning", "evacuations": 2439, "note": "second-largest fire in Douglas County NV history" }, { "name": "Davis", "year": 2024, "acres": 5824, "structures_destroyed": 14, "homes_destroyed": 11, "outbuildings_destroyed": 22, "counties_nv": [ "Washoe" ], "ignition": "improperly extinguished campfire", "note": "destroyed Holy Spirit Catholic Mission; >36,000 structures threatened at peak" } ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davis_Fire", "source_name": "Wikipedia / CBS Sacramento / Truckee Meadows Fire District / Nevada Appeal", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Acreage and structure-loss figures cross-referenced against Wikipedia, InciWeb, and Truckee Meadows Fire District. Caldor (2021) is primarily a CA fire but is included because it caused Nevada's largest Tahoe-Basin evacuation order in modern memory and reshaped underwriting on the NV side. Davis (2024) was the most consequential Reno-area fire in years." }, { "field": "mitigation_credits", "value": "Nevada has NO statutory mandate that carriers credit defensible space, Class-A roofing, or community Firewise USA participation; mitigation discounts are voluntary and carrier-specific. AB376 (effective Jan 1, 2026) does not include a mitigation-credit mandate.", "value_json": { "mandate": "none", "voluntary_credits_available_from": [ "varies by carrier" ], "ab376_addresses_mitigation": false, "contrast_state": "California Insurance Code § 10094 et seq. (Safer From Wildfires) requires carriers to recognize specific mitigation measures; Colorado has similar rules; Nevada has not adopted equivalents" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://uphelp.org/nevadas-new-wildfire-law-signals-a-shift-in-property-insurance-risk-allocation/", "source_name": "United Policyholders / NDOI", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "United Policyholders and other consumer advocates have flagged the absence of a Nevada mitigation-credit rule as a key gap, particularly when paired with AB376's wildfire-carve-out option. Watch for a 2027 (84th session) follow-on bill to require mitigation discounts." }, { "field": "post_disaster_protection", "value": "Nevada does not have a standing post-wildfire non-renewal moratorium of the California type (Cal. Ins. Code § 675.1). NDOI may issue bulletins after a declared disaster, but lacks statutory authority to suspend non-renewals across affected ZIP codes by emergency order.", "value_json": { "standing_moratorium": false, "moratorium_authority": "none statutory", "bulletins_after_declared_disaster": "possible; case by case", "contrast_ca": "Cal. Ins. Code § 675.1 (one-year non-renewal moratorium in declared-wildfire ZIP codes; auto-triggered)", "contrast_or": "Oregon SB 82 (2023) requires 24-month moratorium after a governor-declared wildfire emergency" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/NRS-687B.html", "source_name": "Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 687B", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "NRS 687B does not contain a post-disaster non-renewal moratorium provision. Nevada legislators considered consumer-protection measures in the 2025 session (AB437 FAIR Plan; AB376 wildfire carve-out) but did not pass a moratorium. Verify before publishing prescriptive guidance." }, { "field": "wildfire_townhall_2025", "value": "NDOI hosted a public Town Hall Meeting on the Impact of Wildfire Threat on Insurance on June 28, 2024 (not 2025). Held at the Donald W. Reynolds Community Center, 948 Incline Way, Incline Village, NV; also streamed via Webex. Commissioner Scott Kipper hosted. Recording posted on the NDOI homepage (doi.nv.gov). Note: a separate community forum on AB376 was hosted by Washoe County + NDOI on February 24, 2026, with Commissioner Ned Gaines presenting.", "value_json": { "date": "2024-06-28", "host": "Nevada Division of Insurance", "commissioner_at_event": "Scott Kipper", "format": "In-person + Webex stream (recording available)", "location": "Donald W. Reynolds Community Center, 948 Incline Way, Incline Village, NV", "url": "https://doi.nv.gov/", "topic": "Impact of Wildfire Threat on Insurance", "note": "Year in field name is a misnomer; the event occurred in 2024. A follow-up Washoe County + NDOI forum on AB376 was held February 24, 2026 (Commissioner Gaines presenting).", "washoe_county_forum_2026": { "date": "2026-02-24", "commissioner": "Ned Gaines", "location": "Washoe County Administration Complex, 1001 E. 9th Street, Building A, Commission Chambers, Reno NV", "also_available": "Zoom", "topic": "AB376 wildfire insurance law implementation" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.nv.gov/News_Notices/Press_Releases/JUNE_13,_2024_-_Nevada_Division_of_Insurance_Holding_Town_Hall_Meeting_on_the_Impact_of_Wildfire_Threat_on_Insurance/", "source_name": "Nevada Division of Insurance - June 2024 Town Hall Press Release", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Linked from the NDOI homepage as of May 2026. The townhall provides the most recent public-facing NDOI statement on the wildfire-insurance situation post-AB376 enactment." }, { "field": "consumer_guidance", "value": "If admitted carriers decline you in Nevada, your options are: (1) work with a licensed surplus-lines broker who can place coverage with a non-admitted (E&S) carrier, recognizing that surplus-lines policies are not backed by the Nevada Insurance Guaranty Association; (2) check NDOI's homeowners consumer page (doi.nv.gov/Consumers/Homeowners-Insurance/); (3) starting Jan 1, 2026, ask carriers about wildfire-only standalone policies authorized under AB376; (4) implement defensible space, Class-A roofing, and Firewise USA community participation; (5) file a complaint with NDOI at (775) 687-0700 or doi.nv.gov/Consumers/File-A-Complaint/ if you believe a non-renewal violated NRS 687B.320.", "value_json": { "options": [ "surplus lines via licensed NV broker (no guaranty-fund backing)", "NDOI homeowners consumer page", "wildfire-only standalone policy (post-2026-01-01, AB376)", "mitigation: defensible space, Class-A roof, Firewise USA", "complaint to NDOI (775) 687-0700 if statutory non-renewal rules violated" ], "no_fair_plan_fallback": true, "statutes": [ "NRS 687B.320", "NRS 687B.340", "NRS 687B.420", "NRS Chapter 685A" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.nv.gov/Consumers/Homeowners-Insurance/", "source_name": "Nevada Division of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 'no guaranty-fund backing' caveat is the most important consumer-protection point for surplus-lines homeowners coverage in Nevada. Post-AB376 (Jan 2026), homeowners in WUI zips should specifically confirm whether their admitted-carrier policy retains wildfire peril or whether they need to add a standalone wildfire policy." }, { "field": "key_statutes", "value": "Core Nevada homeowners-insurance statutes: NRS 687B.310-687B.385 (cancellations, nonrenewals, notices); NRS 687B.420 (60-day notice for certain alterations); NRS Chapter 685A (Nonadmitted/Surplus Lines Insurance); NRS 685A.180 (3.5% surplus-lines premium tax); NRS Chapter 686B (rates and rating, prior approval); NRS Chapter 687A (Nevada Insurance Guaranty Association); AB376 (2025 session, wildfire exclusion, effective 2026-01-01).", "value_json": { "NRS_687B_310": "Scope: cancellation and nonrenewal rules apply to most P&C policies", "NRS_687B_320": "Midterm cancellation: grounds; 10-day nonpayment notice; 30-day other-grounds notice; 70-day protection", "NRS_687B_340": "Nonrenewals: 30-day personal-lines notice, 60-day commercial notice", "NRS_687B_385": "Prohibition on cancellation/nonrenewal/premium increase for not-at-fault claims, no-payment claims, or claim inquiries (primarily auto, but cross-references)", "NRS_687B_420": "60-day notice for proposed cancellation/nonrenewal/alteration of certain policies", "NRS_685A": "Surplus lines / nonadmitted insurance regime", "NRS_685A_180": "Surplus lines premium tax: 3.5% on gross premium", "NRS_686B": "Rates and rating organizations; prior-approval authority", "NRS_687A": "Nevada Insurance Guaranty Association (admitted carriers only)", "AB376_2025": "Authorizes wildfire-exclusion in HO policies; effective 2026-01-01" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/NRS-687B.html", "source_name": "Nevada Revised Statutes Title 57 (Insurance)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Cite the specific section number when telling a homeowner what their carrier owes them. NRS 687B.320 is the workhorse for cancellation/nonrenewal disputes." }, { "field": "industry_data_sources", "value": "Authoritative NV-specific datasets: (1) NDOI Annual Insurance Market Report (most recent: 2025 IMR, includes wildfire-cancellation stats); (2) NSLA quarterly stamping-office data (surplus-lines premium and policy counts); (3) US Senate Budget Committee 2024 non-renewal data (23 carriers, ~65% market, county-level, includes NV); (4) US Treasury FIO / NAIC PCMI Data Call (ZIP-level, 2018-2022); (5) Cotality 2025 Wildfire Risk Report (state-level).", "value_json": { "ndoi_imr_2025": { "url": "https://doi.nv.gov/uploadedFiles/doi.nv.gov/Content/News_and_Notices/NDOI%20IMR%202025%20Final.pdf", "key_stat": "481 homeowner policies canceled/non-renewed for wildfire risk in 2023 (+82% YoY)" }, "nsla_quarterly": { "url": "https://www.nsla.org/", "key_stat": "mid-2024 NV surplus-lines residential premium +31% YoY, policy count +19% YoY" }, "senate_budget_committee_2024": { "level": "county", "years": "2018-2023", "carriers": 23, "market_share_pct": 65 }, "fio_naic_pcmi": { "level": "ZIP", "years": "2018-2022", "carriers": "330+", "market_share_pct": 80 }, "cotality_2025": { "level": "state", "url": "https://www.cotality.com/press-releases/2025-wildfire-risk-report" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.nv.gov/uploadedFiles/doi.nv.gov/Content/News_and_Notices/NDOI%20IMR%202025%20Final.pdf", "source_name": "Nevada Division of Insurance / NSLA / US Treasury FIO / Cotality", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The NDOI Annual Insurance Market Report is the gold-standard public source for NV-specific homeowners/wildfire stats and is the original source cited by virtually all secondary reporting (Nevada Current, ProgramBusiness, IA Magazine, etc.)." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Aug 2024: NDOI begins publicly discussing wildfire-driven cancellations (Nevada Current reports 264 in 2022, 481 in 2023). Mar 2025: AB376 (wildfire-exclusion) and AB437 (FAIR Plan) introduced. Apr 23, 2025: AB437 dies on Chief Clerk's desk. Jun 2025: AB376 passes Legislature; Gov. Lombardo signs. Jun 28, 2024: NDOI Wildfire Threat Town Hall at Incline Village (Commissioner Kipper; Webex). Oct 2025: Commissioner Ned Gaines confirmed (succeeded Scott Kipper, who departed July 2025). Jan 1, 2026: AB376 takes effect - Nevada becomes first US state to expressly permit wildfire exclusion from HO policies. Feb 24, 2026: Washoe County + NDOI community forum on AB376 (Commissioner Gaines presenting at Washoe County Administration Complex). Jun 2026: No 2026 NDOI Insurance Market Report yet published; NDOI legislative testimony to the interim Committee on Commerce and Labor (late 2025) cited approximately 2,703 homeowners policies canceled or non-renewed for wildfire risk in 2024 (vs 481 in 2023) and approximately 13,000 applications declined (vs ~5,000 in 2023), pending official IMR publication.", "value_json": { "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08-01", "event": "Nevada Current publishes Gaines interview detailing 264 to 481 wildfire-cancellation jump 2022 to 2023" }, { "date": "2024-06-28", "event": "NDOI Wildfire Threat Town Hall at Donald W. Reynolds Community Center, Incline Village (Commissioner Scott Kipper; Webex stream)" }, { "date": "2025-03 (approx)", "event": "AB376 (wildfire-exclusion) and AB437 (FAIR Plan) introduced in 83rd Session" }, { "date": "2025-04-23", "event": "AB437 dies under Joint Standing Rule 14.3.2" }, { "date": "2025-06", "event": "AB376 passes both chambers; signed by Gov. Joe Lombardo" }, { "date": "2025-10-06", "event": "Ned Gaines named Nevada Insurance Commissioner (acting since July 2, 2025; Kipper departed)" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "event": "AB376 effective: Nevada becomes first state to expressly permit wildfire exclusion from HO policies" }, { "date": "2026-02-24", "event": "Washoe County + NDOI community forum on AB376 at Washoe County Administration Complex (Commissioner Gaines presenting; also Zoom)" }, { "date": "2026-06 (current)", "event": "2026 NDOI Insurance Market Report not yet published; NDOI legislative testimony (late 2025) cited ~2,703 wildfire cancellations and ~13,000 application declinations for 2024 - significant increase from 481/~5,000 in 2023. Next major milestones: 2026 IMR release; first carrier wildfire-exclusion endorsement filing; possible 84th session (2027) FAIR Plan revival." } ], "current_commissioner": { "name": "Ned Gaines", "title": "Commissioner of Insurance", "confirmed_date": "2025-10-06", "predecessor": "Scott J. Kipper (departed July 2025; began his third tenure February 2023; circumstances of departure not publicly disclosed)", "source_url": "https://doi.nv.gov/News_Notices/Press_Releases/October_07,_2025_-_Ned_Gaines_Named_Nevada_Insurance_Commissioner/", "source_name": "Nevada Division of Insurance - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 0, "label": "0" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Nevada billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/NV", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.nv.gov/News_Notices/Press_Releases/JUNE_13,_2024_-_Nevada_Division_of_Insurance_Holding_Town_Hall_Meeting_on_the_Impact_of_Wildfire_Threat_on_Insurance/", "source_name": "Nevada Division of Insurance / Nevada Legislature / Washoe County", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "This is the right field to keep current; the next big change will be either (a) NDOI 2026 IMR release with 2024 data, (b) the first admitted carrier filing a wildfire-exclusion endorsement under AB376, or (c) a 2027 (84th session) revival of the FAIR Plan bill." }, { "field": "first_in_nation_wildfire_exclusion", "value": "Effective 2026-01-01, Nevada is the first US state to expressly authorize admitted insurers to exclude wildfire coverage from any property-insurance policy. The permission lives in Section 25.1 of AB376 (enrolled), which amends NRS Chapter 691A. Section 25.1 is a PERMANENT change to Nevada insurance law (no sunset). If a carrier exercises the carve-out it must apply the change statewide, per Commissioner Gaines (no ZIP-level red-lining). Note: the SEPARATE 4-year Regulatory Experimentation Program created by Sections 2 to 20 + Section 26 of the same bill DOES expire 2030-01-01 (per Section 27.4) but the wildfire-exclusion authority itself does not. This is Nevada's chosen alternative to a FAIR Plan and is being watched closely as a national policy precedent.", "value_json": { "first_in_nation": true, "statute": "AB376 (83rd Session, 2025), Section 25.1, amending NRS Chapter 691A", "effective": "2026-01-01", "sunset_status": "PERMANENT (Section 25.1 is outside the scope of the Section 27.4 sunset, which only expires Sections 2 to 20 + Section 26)", "verbatim_text": "An insurer that issues a policy of property insurance may exclude the peril of wildfire from the coverage provided under the policy.", "key_safeguard": "statewide-application requirement (per Commissioner Gaines)", "what_it_replaces": "the FAIR Plan path (AB437, which died in committee)", "national_implications": "academic and industry observers (David Russell, CSUN; Mark Sektnan, APCIA) expect other states to consider similar legislation if AB376 produces a workable wildfire-standalone market", "consumer_risk_flagged_by_uphelp": "premium-stressed homeowners may forgo supplemental wildfire coverage; mortgage-lender requirements unresolved" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://archive.leg.state.nv.us/Session/83rd2025/Bills/AB/AB376.pdf", "source_name": "Nevada Legislature AB376 enrolled bill PDF + Second Reprint PDF (83rd, 2025)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Corrected 2026-05-15 by data-verifier-191 (fourth-pass primary-source extraction): the prior 'EXPIRES January 1, 2030' phrasing (data-verifier-119) was YMYL-material WRONG. The wildfire-exclusion permission lives in Section 25.1 of the enrolled bill (amending NRS Chapter 691A) and has no sunset. Only the sandbox program in Sections 2 to 20 + Section 26 expires 2030-01-01 (per Section 27.4). The wildfire-exclusion authority is permanent law. A homeowner opting into a wildfire-excluded policy in 2026 should know the exclusion permission persists indefinitely (the policy itself is annual; coverage choices each renewal). 'First in nation' designation remains correct." }, { "field": "title_override", "value": "Nevada FAIR Plan: none; AB376 wildfire exclusion 2026", "value_json": { "h1": "Nevada FAIR Plan: none. AB376 lets carriers exclude wildfire from 2026", "title": "Nevada FAIR Plan: none; AB376 wildfire exclusion 2026", "meta_description": "Nevada has no FAIR Plan. 2025's AB437 died; AB376 instead lets carriers exclude wildfire from any property policy from January 1, 2026." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://archive.leg.state.nv.us/Session/83rd2025/Bills/AB/AB376.pdf", "source_name": "Nevada Legislature, AB376 enrolled bill (83rd Session, 2025)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "title_override per copywriter-205 cross-cutting #1/#2: the prior shared template title was uniform across the 14 batch-14 no-plan states. Differentiates with Nevada's load-bearing 2025/2026 fact pair — AB437 (would-be FAIR Plan) died April 23, 2025 under Joint Standing Rule 14.3.2, and AB376 (effective 2026-01-01) is the first US state law to expressly permit admitted insurers to exclude wildfire from any property policy. Title 53c, body meta 148c. Legislature URL cited per L13g." } ] }, { "code": "NY", "name": "New York", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/new-york-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "mechanisms": [ "New York Property Insurance Underwriting Association (NYPIUA, FAIR Plan)", "Coastal Market Assistance Program (C-MAP, voluntary-market matching, administered by NYPIUA)" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nypiua.com/", "source_name": "New York Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "NY's FAIR Plan is the New York Property Insurance Underwriting Association (NYPIUA), an association of all insurers writing fire insurance in NY. NYPIUA also administers C-MAP, which helps coastal homeowners find voluntary-market coverage (with a 'wraparound' endorsement option)." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "New York Property Insurance Underwriting Association (NYPIUA)", "value_json": { "name": "New York Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "related_program": "Coastal Market Assistance Program (C-MAP)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nypiua.com/", "source_name": "New York Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Statutory basis: NY Insurance Law Article 54 (§ 5402, Joint underwriting association)." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.nypiua.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.nypiua.com/", "cmap": "https://www.nypiua.com/insurance/c-map-program" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nypiua.com/", "source_name": "New York Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": null }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "NYPIUA offers Dwelling Fire (basic perils DP-01 / broad form DP-02) and Commercial Property policies. Basic coverage (DP-01) = fire and extended coverage: wind (including hurricane), hail, explosion, riot, civil commotion, aircraft, vehicles, smoke; plus vandalism and malicious mischief. Broad form (DP-02) adds burglary damage, falling objects, weight of ice/snow/sleet, accidental freezing of plumbing, and accidental water damage from plumbing/heating/AC. Does NOT include liability, flood, or theft on either form. Additional living expense / rental value available as add-ons. Through C-MAP, a NYPIUA policy can be paired with a voluntary-market companion policy carrying an approved 'wraparound' endorsement to get replacement-cost building coverage and fill the liability/theft gaps.", "value_json": { "policy_types": [ "Dwelling Fire DP-01 (basic)", "Dwelling Fire DP-02 (broad)", "Commercial Property" ], "dp01_perils": [ "fire", "wind incl. hurricane", "hail", "explosion", "riot", "civil commotion", "aircraft", "vehicles", "smoke", "vandalism and malicious mischief" ], "dp02_additional_perils": [ "burglary damage (damage caused by burglary, not the burglary itself / theft of contents)", "falling objects", "weight of ice, snow, or sleet", "accidental freezing of plumbing/heating/AC", "accidental water damage from plumbing/heating/AC" ], "exclusions": [ "liability", "flood", "theft" ], "wraparound": "available via C-MAP voluntary-market companion policy" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nypiua.com/insurance", "source_name": "New York Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-14 (2026-05-16): split single 'perils' array into dp01_perils + dp02_additional_perils. Prior single array silently elided the broad-form additions (burglary damage / falling objects / freezing / water), which would mislead a homeowner choosing between forms. DP-01/DP-02 forms and add-ons from nypiua.com/insurance; peril list and exclusions (no liability/flood/theft) from NYPIUA materials and DFS report." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "$600,000 for an occupied 1-4 family dwelling. $100,000 for a vacant or unoccupied dwelling. Up to $250,000 for personal property when written with building coverage.", "value_json": { "amount": 600000, "currency": "USD", "occupied_1_4_family_max_usd": 600000, "vacant_unoccupied_max_usd": 100000, "personal_property_max_usd": 250000 }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.nypiua.com/insurance/dwelling-fire", "source_name": "New York Property Insurance Underwriting Association - Dwelling Fire program", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-101 (2026-05-15): the prior $1.5M figure was unsupported by any current NYPIUA product page; the 1.5M was likely a misread of a commercial aggregate or an outdated Plan of Operation document. Live NYPIUA dwelling-fire page (2026-05-15) is unambiguous: $600K occupied 1-4 family / $100K vacant / $250K personal property. Source updated from the inaccessible nysenate.gov § 5402 page to the live NYPIUA product page that publishes the binding caps. needs_rescan: true to catch any annual Plan of Operation update." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "yes (the C-MAP 'wraparound' endorsement is the New York-specific mechanism)", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "mechanism": "C-MAP wraparound endorsement on a voluntary-market companion policy" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nypiua.com/insurance/c-map-program", "source_name": "New York Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Distinctive to NY: a voluntary-market carrier writes a companion policy with an approved 'wraparound' endorsement that, combined with the NYPIUA policy, provides replacement-cost building coverage plus liability/theft." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "NYPIUA (FAIR Plan): available statewide to property owners who are unable to obtain basic property insurance in the voluntary market; property must meet inspection/underwriting standards. New York does not publish a fixed numeric declination count for NYPIUA in statute. C-MAP (the coastal wraparound program): limited to seven coastal counties (Bronx, Kings/Brooklyn, Nassau, New York/Manhattan, Queens, Richmond/Staten Island, and Suffolk), and within those counties only to properties within 1 mile of the south-shore coastline or 2,500 feet of the north-shore coastline. C-MAP applicants must also have received a non-renewal, cancellation, or conditional non-renewal notice from their current insurer for a reason other than non-payment (for a new home purchase, the applicant must identify the prior owner's insurer).", "value_json": { "nypiua_rule": "statewide; unable to obtain basic property insurance in the voluntary market; meets inspection standards", "cmap_rule": "must have received non-renewal/cancellation/conditional non-renewal notice (not for non-payment)", "cmap_geographic_eligibility": { "counties": [ "Bronx", "Kings", "Nassau", "New York", "Queens", "Richmond", "Suffolk" ], "south_shore_distance_max_miles": 1, "north_shore_distance_max_feet": 2500 } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nypiua.com/insurance/c-map-program", "source_name": "New York Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-14 (2026-05-16): C-MAP 7-county + distance-from-shore gates added; they were absent from the prior row, which read as if C-MAP were available statewide. The seven counties + 1-mile-south / 2,500-ft-north gates from the live NYPIUA C-MAP page." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "NYPIUA: through a licensed New York insurance producer (online producer portal), or by mail/email/fax directly (P.O. Box 1856, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601-0856; fairplan@nypiua.com; fax 845-218-3099). C-MAP: through a participating agent/broker.", "value_json": { "nypiua_channels": [ "licensed NY producer (online portal)", "mail", "email", "fax" ], "cmap_channel": "participating agent/broker" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nypiua.com/insurance", "source_name": "New York Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Application channels (online producer-only portal + mail/email/fax) from nypiua.com/insurance." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market for narrower coverage (dwelling-fire forms, no liability/theft, ACV on basic form). The C-MAP route is intended to keep coastal homeowners in (cheaper, broader) voluntary-market coverage where possible.", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, narrower coverage; C-MAP aims to keep coastal homeowners in voluntary market" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.dfs.ny.gov/consumers/help_for_homeowners/insurance/problems_obtaining_insurance", "source_name": "New York Department of Financial Services", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": null }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "NYPIUA wrote 20,669 habitational policies and 1,556 commercial policies in FY2024 (total exposure: $7.633 billion), small relative to the CA / FL / TX / LA coastal pools. Pressure points: Long Island / NYC coastal-area carriers tightening hurricane-exposure underwriting and roof-age standards, raising hurricane percentage deductibles, non-renewing some coastal homes, and two regional carriers (Adirondack Insurance Exchange, Mountain Valley Indemnity) withdrawing from NY homeowners in 2024, all of which are driving more business to C-MAP and NYPIUA. NYPIUA repealed its long-standing anti-arson application form requirement effective October 17, 2025. In the 2025-2026 NY legislative session: S8583A (NYPIUA board expansion 13 to 23 plus cancellation/non-renewal notice reform) passed the Senate on June 3, 2026 (39 to 22) and is now in the Assembly Insurance Committee (not yet enacted); A4188 (proposed 25%/year homeowners rate-increase cap) remains pending; Governor Hochul's 2026 State of the State also proposed property-insurance reforms, none enacted as of May 2026.", "value_json": { "size": "small (relative to coastal-state pools)", "pressure": "coastal/Long Island underwriting tightening; higher hurricane deductibles; some non-renewals; two regional carrier exits 2024", "policy_count": { "habitational": 20669, "commercial": 1556, "total_exposure_usd": 7633000000, "fiscal_year": 2024, "source": "Insurance Information Institute, Insurance Provided by FAIR Plans by State, FY2024" }, "anti_arson_form_repeal": { "effective_date": "2025-10-17", "source": "NYPIUA homepage notice" }, "pending_legislation_2025_2026_session": [ { "bill": "S8583A", "subject": "NYPIUA board expansion 13→23; cancellation/non-renewal notice reform", "status": "passed Senate 2026-06-03 (39-22); in Assembly Insurance Committee, not enacted" }, { "bill": "A4188", "subject": "25%/year homeowners rate-increase cap", "status": "pending" }, { "bill": null, "subject": "Hochul 2026 State of the State property-insurance proposals", "status": "pending" } ], "current_commissioner": { "name": "Kaitlin Asrow", "title": "Acting Superintendent of Financial Services", "confirmed_date": "2025-10-18", "predecessor": "Adrienne A. Harris (departed after four-year term; transition announced 2025-09-29)", "source_url": "https://www.dfs.ny.gov/About_Us", "source_name": "New York State Department of Financial Services - About Us / Leadership" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 7, "label": "7" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 10, "label": "10" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "New York billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/NY", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/insurance-provided-by-fair-plans-by-state-fiscal-year-2024-1", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute, FAIR Plans by State, FY2024 (NYPIUA row)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-14 (2026-05-16): FY2024 NYPIUA policy counts and exposure populated from III FY2024 table (was null); anti-arson form repeal (2025-10-17) and 2025-2026 session pending bills added per NYPIUA homepage + NY Senate session tracker. Confidence raised from low to high after primary-source data populated. needs_rescan after NY 2025-2026 session close ~June 2026 to catch any enactments." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "New York (Insurance Law § 3425, personal lines property/casualty 'covered policies'): after a policy has been in effect 3+ years (or upon its third annual renewal), an insurer may non-renew only on the statutory grounds (non-payment, fraud, material change in the risk, etc.) and must give 45-60 days' written notice of non-renewal/conditional renewal stating the reason. New York has used post-storm moratoriums via DFS circular letters (e.g. after Superstorm Sandy) but does not have a standing automatic post-disaster moratorium. NOTE: the percentage-cap rule (4% statewide / 2% per rating territory) cited elsewhere in older summaries applies to AUTO insurance under § 3425(f), NOT to homeowners — homeowners non-renewals have no statutory percentage ceiling, only the notice + statutory-grounds protections during the 3-year required policy period.", "value_json": { "statute": "NY Insurance Law § 3425", "required_policy_period_years": 3, "homeowners_percentage_cap": "none (the § 3425(f) 4%/2% cap is auto-only, not homeowners)", "nonrenewal_notice_days": "45-60", "post_disaster_moratorium": "ad hoc via DFS circular letters (e.g. Sandy)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/ISC/3425", "source_name": "NY Insurance Law § 3425 (New York State Senate)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-14 (2026-05-16): source_url moved from NY DFS consumer page to NY Senate primary statute page per L13g-CRIT (legislative facts cite the Legislature, not the regulator). Statute read direct on nysenate.gov; § 3425 governs personal-lines covered policy non-renewals, the 3-year required policy period, and the 45-60 day notice. Confidence raised to high after primary-source confirmation. Prior data-verifier-101 (2026-05-15) had already corrected the auto-vs-homeowners cap conflation." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Adirondack Insurance Exchange and Mountain Valley Indemnity (both regional carriers active on Long Island and in the NYC coastal corridor) withdrew from New York homeowners in 2024, concentrating the displacement on Long Island where they had been a noticeable share of the wind-exposed book. No major national carrier had announced a full New York homeowners exit as of early 2026. Beyond the two confirmed regional exits, the broader pressure is concentrated on Long Island / NYC-area coastal homes: carriers limiting new coastal business, raising hurricane percentage deductibles, tightening roof-age and proximity-to-coast underwriting, and non-renewing some shoreline properties (a recurring pattern since Superstorm Sandy in 2012).", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "Adirondack Insurance Exchange", "action": "withdrew from New York homeowners", "date": "2024", "impact_zone": "Long Island / NYC coastal corridor" }, { "carrier": "Mountain Valley Indemnity", "action": "withdrew from New York homeowners", "date": "2024", "impact_zone": "Long Island / NYC coastal corridor" }, { "carrier": null, "action": "no major national carrier full-state NY homeowners exit as of early 2026; broader coastal underwriting tightening continues (higher hurricane deductibles, selective non-renewals)", "date": "2012-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://uphelp.org/claim-guidance-publications/dropped-by-your-insurer-information-for-new-york-residents/", "source_name": "United Policyholders, Dropped by your insurer (New York)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-14 (2026-05-16): the Adirondack Insurance Exchange + Mountain Valley Indemnity 2024 NY homeowners withdrawals are confirmed by United Policyholders. Prior phrasing 'no confirmed major-carrier NY homeowners exit' was factually wrong on the regional carriers, even though it remained correct on national carriers. needs_rescan: 90 days to catch any follow-on regional exits." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://www.dfs.ny.gov/consumers/help_for_homeowners/insurance/problems_obtaining_insurance", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.dfs.ny.gov/consumers/help_for_homeowners/insurance/problems_obtaining_insurance", "regulator": "New York State Department of Financial Services (DFS)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.dfs.ny.gov/", "source_name": "New York State Department of Financial Services", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "DFS 'Problems Obtaining Insurance' page explicitly directs homeowners to NYPIUA/C-MAP." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "NYPIUA is funded by premiums plus assessments on member insurers (allocated by market share). It carries reinsurance for catastrophe losses. New York requires NYPIUA dwelling-fire policyholders in many areas to carry a hurricane percentage deductible. The C-MAP 'wraparound' structure is unusual nationally, it lets the FAIR Plan policy serve as the property base while a voluntary-market carrier provides a thin overlay (replacement-cost building + liability/theft). NYPIUA also offers premium credits/discounts for certain risk-mitigation features (see NYPIUA voluntary credit packet).", "value_json": { "funding": "premium + member-insurer assessments + reinsurance", "wraparound": "C-MAP voluntary-market overlay (replacement cost + liability/theft)", "mitigation_credits": "NYPIUA voluntary credit program" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nypiua.com/assets/general-information/voluntaryCreditPacket2024.pdf", "source_name": "New York Property Insurance Underwriting Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Funding and wraparound structure well-established; exact reinsurance/assessment figures change, needs manual check." } ] }, { "code": "OH", "name": "Ohio", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/ohio-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ohiofairplan.com/", "source_name": "Ohio FAIR Plan Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Statutory basis: Ohio Rev. Code §§ 3929.41–3929.49. Plan of Operation effective April 1, 2025 (review date August 31, 2027). Confirmed active on ohiofairplan.com." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Ohio FAIR Plan Underwriting Association", "value_json": { "name": "Ohio FAIR Plan Underwriting Association", "abbreviation": "OFP" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ohiofairplan.com/", "source_name": "Ohio FAIR Plan Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Name confirmed from plan's own website and ORC §3929.43. Commonly abbreviated OFP." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.ohiofairplan.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.ohiofairplan.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ohiofairplan.com/", "source_name": "Ohio FAIR Plan Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "ohiofairplan.com confirmed as official site. Offers online pricing quote tool, coverage summary, plan of operation, and agent finder. Mobile app available on Google Play." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Ohio FAIR Plan offers a broad range of coverage forms, unusually comprehensive for a FAIR Plan. Available programs: (1) Homeowners, HO 0008 (Limited Form), HO 0003 (Special Form / open-peril), HO 0004 (Renters), HO 0006 (Condo Unit-Owners); (2) Dwelling Property, for 1-4 family dwellings (owner or tenant-occupied); (3) Farm Fire, for active farms including dwelling, machinery, crops, livestock; (4) Commercial Property, for non-manufacturing businesses and apartment buildings (5+ units); (5) Crime, residential and commercial contents crime coverage (burglary, robbery, theft); (6) Rehabilitation, for vacant properties undergoing significant renovation. HO 0003 is an open-peril form covering all perils not specifically excluded (including fire, lightning, windstorm/hail, theft, vandalism, personal liability, medical payments, loss of use). HO 0008 is a named-peril limited form. Mine subsidence endorsement available. Not covered: flood, earthquake, automobiles, manufacturing risks.", "value_json": { "homeowners_forms": [ "HO 0008 (Limited Form)", "HO 0003 (Special Form, open-peril)", "HO 0004 (Renters)", "HO 0006 (Condo)" ], "other_programs": [ "Dwelling Property", "Farm Fire", "Commercial Property", "Crime", "Rehabilitation (vacant)" ], "ho3_scope": "open-peril, all perils not excluded", "ho8_scope": "named-peril limited form", "endorsements_available": [ "mine subsidence" ], "exclusions": [ "flood", "earthquake", "automobiles", "manufacturing risks" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ohiofairplan.com/public/Coverages.aspx", "source_name": "Ohio FAIR Plan Underwriting Association: Coverage Summary", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Coverage forms and programs confirmed from ohiofairplan.com/public/Coverages.aspx and CoveragesHOM.aspx. HO 0003 open-peril scope confirmed from a secondary aggregator article citing OFP. Mine subsidence and crime programs confirmed from OFP plan of operation fetch. The Rehabilitation program (vacant properties under renovation) is notable, most FAIR Plans exclude vacant properties entirely." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "$2,000,000 per location (maximum aggregate of building/dwelling + contents/personal property). HO 0008 minimum dwelling: $15,000. HO 0003 minimum dwelling: $25,000 (must maintain at least 50% of replacement cost). Crime coverage residential maximum: $10,000. Crime coverage commercial maximum: $15,000.", "value_json": { "max_per_location_usd": 2000000, "max_note": "total aggregation of building + contents per location", "ho8_dwelling_minimum_usd": 15000, "ho3_dwelling_minimum_usd": 25000, "ho3_coinsurance": "at least 50% of replacement cost", "crime_residential_max_usd": 10000, "crime_commercial_max_usd": 15000, "currency": "USD" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3901-1-18", "source_name": "Ohio Admin. Code 3901-1-18 (eff. April 1, 2025): Ohio FAIR Plan Plan of Operation", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "$2M per-location maximum confirmed from Ohio Admin Code 3901-1-18 (effective April 1, 2025) and OFP's own plan of operation page. HO 0008/$15K minimum and HO 0003/$25K minimum from ohiofairplan.com/public/CoveragesHOM.aspx. Crime maximums from same rule. The $2M aggregate is 'the total aggregation of underlying coverage limits per location for the building and contents or dwelling and personal property.'" }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "Not typically needed for HO 0003 policyholders, the open-peril form includes liability, theft, medical payments, and loss of use. For HO 0008 (limited form) policyholders, coverage is narrower and a separate liability policy may be added. Ohio is unusual in that its FAIR Plan offers a true open-peril homeowners product (HO 0003), making DIC/wrap less common than in states with fire-only FAIR Plans.", "value_json": { "status": "not typically needed for HO-3 policyholders; HO-8 policyholders may supplement with liability", "context": "OFP HO 0003 already includes liability, theft, and loss of use" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ohiofairplan.com/public/CoveragesHOM.aspx", "source_name": "Ohio FAIR Plan Underwriting Association: Homeowners Coverage", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "OFP offers HO 0003 (open peril with full liability/theft) making DIC/wrap less relevant than in most state FAIR Plans. Confirmed from coverage page fetch. Flood is excluded from all forms and requires separate NFIP or private flood policy." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Available to property owners unable to obtain basic property or homeowners insurance in the standard market. Required: at least two insurance companies authorized to write insurance in Ohio must have declined coverage for the property. This 2-declination rule is a statutory condition (ORC §3929.44, the application section, with the association itself established under §3929.43) that every OFP policy must certify. Property must meet reasonable underwriting standards: no outstanding building code violations (unless under an approved correction plan), no outstanding tax/assessment liens, property must be an 'insurable risk' under standard underwriting criteria (location hazards beyond the applicant's control are disregarded). Owner-occupied primary residences only for HO 0003. Restricted dog breeds (pit bulls, pit bull mixes) disqualify a property from HO policies. Applicant cannot be in foreclosure. Property must be insured for at least 50% of replacement cost under HO 0003.", "value_json": { "declination_rule": "at least 2 Ohio-authorized insurers must have declined", "property_conditions": [ "no outstanding code violations (unless under approved correction plan)", "no tax/assessment liens", "insurable risk under standard criteria" ], "ho3_restrictions": [ "owner-occupied primary residence only", "no restricted dog breeds (pit bulls)", "not in foreclosure", "minimum 50% of replacement cost coverage" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ohiofairplan.com/public/Coverages.aspx", "source_name": "Ohio FAIR Plan Underwriting Association: Coverage Summary", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-19 (2026-05-16): 2-declination rule is in ORC §3929.44 (the application section), NOT §3929.43 (which establishes the association and board). Prior notes mis-cited §3929.43 for the rule itself. The OFP Plan of Operation is at Ohio Admin. Code 3901-1-18 (eff. 2025-04-01). Pit bull restriction and other HO eligibility conditions confirmed from the OFP Coverage page direct. OFP inspects properties free of charge." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through any Ohio-licensed property and casualty agent, all licensed P&C agents in Ohio are required to assist applicants with the FAIR Plan. The plan operates an online quote tool at ohiofairplan.com/public/Pricing.aspx. Agents submit applications; OFP inspects properties and issues binders upon receipt of minimum deposit premium. Final policy decision within 10 business days of acceptable inspection. Find an agent: ohiofairplan.com.", "value_json": { "channel": "any licensed OH P&C agent (required by law to assist)", "info_url": "https://www.ohiofairplan.com/", "online_quote_tool": "https://www.ohiofairplan.com/public/Pricing.aspx", "processing": "binder issued upon deposit premium; final decision within 10 business days of inspection" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ohiofairplan.com/public/PlanOfOperation.aspx", "source_name": "Ohio FAIR Plan: Plan of Operation", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Agent obligation confirmed from ORC §3929.43 structure. Processing timeline (binder on deposit, 10 business days for inspection decision) confirmed from Ohio Admin. Code 3901-1-18 fetch." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "OFP rates are more expensive than the standard market for equivalent coverage. Ohio has seen significant market rate volatility, cumulative homeowners increases of ~36.4% from 2019-2024 driven by catastrophic hail/tornado losses. By 2025, combined ratios improved and several carriers cut rates (Branch -20%, Allstate -17%, Liberty Mutual/Safeco -10%). Farmers filed for a +22.4% increase (June 2024). State Farm was unprofitable in Ohio in 2025 (combined ratio near 108). OFP rates are subject to Superintendent approval.", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive than standard market; no bundling discounts", "market_context_2019_2024_cumulative_increase": "36.4%", "2024_market_direction": "improving combined ratios; multiple carriers cutting rates in 2025", "notable_2024": "Farmers +22.4% filed June 2024" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurancegeek.com/blog/ohio-home-insurance-rate-tracker/", "source_name": "InsuranceGeek: Ohio Home Insurance Rate Tracker", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Rate tracker data confirmed from InsuranceGeek (April 2026). OFP rate approval process confirmed from ORC §3929.43. Specific OFP premium levels not published publicly, the online quote tool generates estimates but no tables." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Per III FY2024 reporting: approximately 13,942 habitational policies in force, total exposure approximately $5.92 billion ($5,922,806,000), Ohio is among the larger FAIR Plans nationally by exposure (older urban housing stock in Cleveland, Cincinnati, Columbus, Dayton, Youngstown, Toledo). The Plan of Operation was updated effective April 1, 2025 (Ohio Admin. Code 3901-1-18, revised; next review August 31, 2027). Ohio House Bill 652 (2026) proposed extending the non-renewal notice period to 60 days and explicitly covering personal lines including homeowners (Ohio homeowners policies currently lack a statutory non-renewal notice requirement), under consideration as of early 2026, not yet enacted. Ohio carriers overall saw improving combined ratios in 2024-2025 after several years of catastrophic hail/tornado losses (cumulative homeowners rate increases of ~36% 2019-2024), with multiple carriers filing rate cuts in late 2025/early 2026. OFP's Rehabilitation program (for vacant properties under renovation) continues to serve properties that would otherwise be ineligible for coverage.", "value_json": { "habitational_policies_in_force_fy2024_approx": 13942, "exposure_fy2024_usd_approx": 5922806000, "plan_op_update": "Ohio Admin. Code 3901-1-18 effective 2025-04-01; next review 2027-08-31", "hb652_nonrenewal_notice_proposed": "extend to 60 days + cover personal lines incl. homeowners; under consideration as of early 2026, not enacted", "market_context": "cumulative ~36% homeowners rate increase 2019-2024; improving combined ratios 2024-2025; multiple carriers cutting rates", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Judith L. French", "title": "Director of Insurance", "appointment_date": "2021-01-19", "predecessor": "Jillian Froment (resigned August 2020 to join American Council of Life Insurers)", "source_url": "https://www.courtnewsohio.gov/happening/2021/frenchAppointment_011921.asp", "source_name": "Court News Ohio (Governor DeWine appointment announcement)", "needs_rescan": true, "notes": "Per data-verifier-117: insurance.ohio.gov root is currently 404; French is a cabinet appointment (Director, not Senate-confirmed), so renamed `confirmed_date` -> `appointment_date`. Continued role confirmed via NAIC directory, Ballotpedia, and recent court filings as of 2026; flagged needs_rescan until DOI site returns." }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 8, "label": "8" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 7, "label": "7" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 12, "label": "12" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Ohio billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/OH", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/insurance-provided-by-fair-plans-by-state-fiscal-year-2024-1", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute (Fact Book, FY2024 reporting)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "Policy count and exposure from III FY2024 table. Plan of Operation April 2025 update confirmed from Cornell LII and ohiofairplan.com. HB 652 proposed 60-day notice from search results (roehrins.com citing proposed legislation as of early 2026). Rate trend data from InsuranceGeek April 2026." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Ohio is unusual: ORC §3937.25 covers grounds for cancellation of commercial property/fire/casualty (with §3937.30 separately covering automobile insurance under the same chapter); §3937.26 sets 30-day non-renewal notice on the same commercial lines. Homeowners/residential property policies are NOT covered by these provisions, there is no clear statute or Ohio Administrative Code provision that sets a cancellation or non-renewal notice period for homeowners policies (this gap is precisely why HB 652 was introduced). In practice homeowners insurers give approximately 30 days' notice of non-renewal or term changes by policy-contract convention, and ORC §3937.47 requires at least 10 days' notice when a personal-lines policy is canceled for non-payment. HB 652 of the 136th General Assembly (introduced January 20, 2026; referred to House Insurance Committee February 4, 2026; 4 hearings completed: Feb 17, Mar 3, May 12, May 19 2026; no committee vote, no House floor vote, no Senate companion as of 2026-06-18; not enacted) would extend non-renewal notice to 60 days and explicitly cover personal lines including homeowners. Ohio does NOT have a standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium.", "value_json": { "statute_commercial": "ORC §3937.25 (grounds for cancellation, commercial property/fire/casualty); §3937.26 (30-day non-renewal notice, same commercial lines); §3937.30 (automobile insurance, separately governed under same chapter)", "homeowners_statutory_notice": "none, no statute/admin-code sets a HO cancellation or non-renewal notice period (HB 652 introduced to fix this)", "homeowners_practice_nonrenewal_notice_days_approx": 30, "nonpayment_cancellation_notice_days": 10, "nonpayment_statute": "ORC §3937.47", "hb652_proposed_notice_days": 60, "hb652_status": "HB 652 of the 136th General Assembly: introduced 2026-01-20; referred to House Insurance Committee 2026-02-04; 4 hearings completed (Feb 17, Mar 3, May 12, May 19 2026); no committee vote, no House floor vote, no Senate companion as of 2026-06-18; not enacted; would extend non-renewal notice to 60 days and cover personal lines incl. homeowners", "hb652_legislature_url": "https://ohiohouse.gov/legislation/136/hb652", "post_disaster_moratorium": "none" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ohiohouse.gov/legislation/136/hb652/committee", "source_name": "Ohio House of Representatives: HB 652 Committee Page (136th General Assembly)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "CORRECTION to earlier draft of this row: ORC §3937.25/§3937.26 govern COMMERCIAL property/fire/casualty (and §3937.30 covers auto separately under the same chapter), not homeowners, homeowners policies in Ohio lack a statutory cancellation/non-renewal notice requirement (per the Northern Kentucky Law Review analysis and Ohio Insurance Agents' case for HB 652). The ~30-day non-renewal figure for homeowners is a market/contract norm, not a statute. ORC §3937.47 (10-day notice for non-payment cancellation on personal lines) is the one statutory homeowners-applicable provision. HB 652 (2026) confirmed from Ohio Insurance Agents (ohioinsuranceagents.com/blog/2026/why-ohio-needs-house-bill-652) and roehrins.com. Per data-verifier-Wave-19 (2026-05-16): HB 652 confirmed as 136th GA (NOT 135th); legislature URL added to value_json. AM_2045-1 amendment reference REMOVED from public-facing prose (the amendment number could not be confirmed from any accessible primary source as of 2026-05-16). needs_rescan: true, the bill is moving. ORC §3937.25/§3937.30 grouping precision per data-verifier-Wave-19 (commercial-and-auto-as-one-bucket reframed as two related statutes)." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Ohio has not seen wholesale carrier exits but experienced significant rate pressure 2019-2024 driven by tornado/hail losses and rising repair costs. Farmers Insurance filed a +22.4% rate increase in June 2024 affecting ~115,700 Ohio policyholders. State Farm operated with a near-108 combined ratio in Ohio in 2025 (unprofitable). By 2025-2026, improving loss ratios led carriers to cut rates: Branch (-20%), Allstate (-17%), Liberty Mutual/Safeco (-10%), Nationwide (cut filed). No major national carrier announced a full Ohio homeowners exit as of May 2026.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "Farmers Insurance", "action": "+22.4% rate increase filed", "date": "2024-06" }, { "carrier": "State Farm", "action": "near-108 combined ratio (unprofitable) in OH in 2025; did not cut rates", "date": "2025" }, { "carrier": "Branch", "action": "-20% rate cut (up to -40% in select regions)", "date": "2025-10" }, { "carrier": "Allstate", "action": "-17% avg rate cut", "date": "2025" }, { "carrier": "Liberty Mutual/Safeco", "action": "-10% total rate cut (two filings)", "date": "2025-10" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurancegeek.com/blog/ohio-home-insurance-rate-tracker/", "source_name": "InsuranceGeek: Ohio Home Insurance Rate Tracker (April 2026)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "All rate figures from InsuranceGeek Ohio rate tracker (data through April 2026). Combined ratio reference for State Farm from same source. No full-state homeowners exit verified." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://insurance.ohio.gov/", "value_json": { "url": "https://insurance.ohio.gov/", "regulator": "Ohio Department of Insurance" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.ohio.gov/", "source_name": "Ohio Department of Insurance", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Ohio DOI is the insurance regulator. The previously cited consumer URL (/wps/portal/gov/odi/consumers) returned 404 at compile time. Per data-verifier-Wave-19 (2026-05-16): RE-CONFIRMED insurance.ohio.gov/ returns HTTP 404 on direct fetch (verified twice this session) — even the root URL is now broken. ODI exists; sub-pages resolve; but no citable root or canonical consumer URL is currently working. Confidence lowered medium to low; needs_rescan: true until a working deep-link is confirmed by a human in a browser." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "Ohio Rev. Code §§ 3929.41–3929.49 (Ohio FAIR Plan Underwriting Association); the rule promulgated under it is Ohio Admin. Code 3901-1-18 (Plan of Operation, effective April 1, 2025) made under ORC §3901.041 and §3929.43. Cancellation/non-renewal: ORC §3937.21–§3937.27 (commercial property/fire/casualty and auto only, does NOT cover homeowners); ORC §3937.47 (10-day non-payment cancellation notice, personal lines).", "value_json": { "fair_plan_statute": "ORC §§ 3929.41–3929.49 (key section §3929.43)", "plan_of_operation": "Ohio Admin. Code 3901-1-18 (eff. 2025-04-01; promulgated under ORC §3901.041 and §3929.43)", "cancellation_nonrenewal_commercial_statute": "ORC §3937.21–§3937.27 (commercial/auto only)", "nonpayment_statute_personal_lines": "ORC §3937.47", "homeowners_nonrenewal_statute": "none" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-3929.43", "source_name": "Ohio Revised Code §3929.43", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "ORC §3929.43 confirmed from the Ohio Legislature website and OFP's own statutory-reference pages; Ohio Admin. Code 3901-1-18 (April 2025 version, made under ORC §3901.041 and §3929.43, implementing §3929.41–§3929.49) confirmed from Cornell LII and codes.ohio.gov. Note that §3937.25/§3937.26 (the commercial cancellation/non-renewal provisions) do NOT govern homeowners policies, see the non_renewal_rules row." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "The Ohio FAIR Plan Underwriting Association is an unincorporated association of all insurers authorized to write basic property or homeowners insurance in Ohio (mandatory participation as a condition of licensure). Governance: 12-member board, 4 governor-appointed members (including 1 licensed agent) + 8 elected representatives from member companies (minimum 5 Ohio-domiciled). Member insurers share writings, expenses, profits, and losses proportionally based on premiums written; deficits funded by annual assessments; members may recoup assessments through approved rating factors on their homeowners/basic property policies. No public (state/federal) funds. Ohio is notable for offering an unusually comprehensive FAIR Plan, including HO 0003 (open-peril), Farm Fire, Crime, and Rehabilitation programs, making it one of the most full-featured state FAIR Plans in the country.", "value_json": { "structure": "unincorporated association of all OH authorized property/homeowners insurers; mandatory participation", "governance": "12-member board: 4 governor-appointed + 8 elected by member companies", "funding": "proportional member-insurer assessments; recoupable via approved rating factors; no public funds", "notable": "unusually comprehensive FAIR Plan, HO 0003 open-peril, Farm Fire, Crime, Rehabilitation programs" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-3929.43", "source_name": "Ohio Revised Code §3929.43", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Governance and funding structure confirmed from ORC §3929.43 text. 12-member board composition from statute. Assessment recoupment mechanism confirmed from statute. Program breadth (Rehabilitation for vacant properties, Farm Fire, Crime) from ohiofairplan.com." } ] }, { "code": "OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/oklahoma-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "no , Oklahoma has no FAIR Plan; it has OK-MAP, a statutory market-assistance referral program (Title 36 O.S. §§ 6411-6422, the Market Assistance Association Act)", "value_json": { "status": "no_fair_plan", "residual_mechanism": "OK-MAP (Oklahoma Market Assistance Program)", "mechanism_type": "referral / market-assistance, not insurer of last resort", "statute": "Title 36 O.S. §§ 6411-6422 (Market Assistance Association Act)", "note": "Unlike a true FAIR Plan, OK-MAP itself issues NO policies and assumes NO risk; it routes applications to admitted Oklahoma insurers who are statutorily required to participate." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://mapsprogram.com/governing-statute", "source_name": "Oklahoma Market Assistance Program / Oklahoma Statutes Title 36", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "This is the central correction for Oklahoma. Per the OK-MAP governing statute page and OID press coverage, Oklahoma is one of the 13 or so states without a true Fair Access to Insurance Requirements (FAIR) Plan. OK-MAP was created in 1986; participation became statutorily mandatory; the Association itself is not a carrier and the statute is explicit that it cannot guarantee coverage." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Oklahoma Market Assistance Program (OK-MAP), also known as the Oklahoma Market Assistance Association", "value_json": { "name": "Oklahoma Market Assistance Program", "short_name": "OK-MAP", "legal_name": "Oklahoma Market Assistance Association", "established": 1986 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://mapsprogram.com/", "source_name": "Oklahoma Market Assistance Program", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Often miscalled the 'Oklahoma FAIR Plan' by new residents and some agent sites; it is not a FAIR Plan." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://mapsprogram.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://mapsprogram.com/", "phone": "(405) 842-9883", "fax": "(405) 840-4450", "email": "cmunden@mapsprogram.com", "office_address": "9417 North Kelley Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK 73131", "executive_director": "Denise Johnson, AAI, AAI-M", "administrator": "Cindy Munden" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://mapsprogram.com/", "source_name": "Oklahoma Market Assistance Program", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": null }, { "field": "mechanism_type", "value": "referral program: OK-MAP routes the application to participating admitted insurers; each member must quote on at least 1 out of every 5 referrals within 10 working days. The Association itself does not bind, underwrite, or insure.", "value_json": { "type": "referral", "member_quoting_obligation": "1 in 5 referrals minimum", "quote_turnaround_business_days": 10, "max_individual_member_writings_per_year_pct_of_book": 10, "association_assumes_risk": false }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://mapsprogram.com/governing-statute", "source_name": "Oklahoma Market Assistance Program / 36 O.S. § 6414", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "10% per-member cap on annual writings through the Association, from the statute summary. The 1-in-5 referral framing is program description language; the underlying statute's exact obligation language should be re-verified before any policy citation." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Whatever the participating admitted carrier writes; OK-MAP itself does not specify perils. Most placements are standard HO-3 (named-peril dwelling + open-peril structure) or HO-8 (older homes / modified replacement-cost) policies through admitted Oklahoma insurers; wind and hail are typically covered but usually with a separate percentage deductible (see wind_hail_deductible_norms).", "value_json": { "base_perils": "varies , set by the placing admitted carrier, not by OK-MAP", "typical_forms": [ "HO-3 (open peril dwelling, named peril contents)", "HO-8 (modified replacement cost; older homes)" ], "wind_hail_included": "typically yes, but with separate percentage deductible", "never_in_HO_forms": [ "flood", "earthquake" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://mapsprogram.com/", "source_name": "Oklahoma Market Assistance Program / NAIC FAIR Plans overview", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Because OK-MAP is referral-only, peril coverage is whatever the receiving carrier underwrites; there is no single 'OK-MAP form'. Confirm individual-policy specifics with the placing carrier." }, { "field": "eligibility", "value": "Per 36 O.S. § 6414 and OK-MAP intake practice: the applicant has been refused/declined coverage by at least two Oklahoma-licensed insurers, OR has experienced a premium increase of 75% or more from the prior year on existing coverage. The applicant must be an Oklahoma resident seeking owner-occupied dwelling (or liability) coverage. Property must be insurable risk by the receiving carrier's standards.", "value_json": { "declinations_required": 2, "alternative_trigger_pct_premium_increase_yoy": 75, "scope": "owner-occupied dwelling and liability coverage for Oklahoma residents", "statute": "36 O.S. § 6414" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://mapsprogram.com/governing-statute", "source_name": "Oklahoma Market Assistance Program / Title 36 Oklahoma Statutes", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Two-declination + 75% premium-spike eligibility from the governing-statute summary. Compare CA/CO FAIR Plans, which generally require three declinations and exclude anyone with any current admitted offer." }, { "field": "dwelling_coverage_cap", "value": "No statutory residential dwelling cap on OK-MAP placements; the receiving admitted carrier's underwriting guidelines control. (For liability placements, limits track 51 O.S. § 154(A).)", "value_json": { "residential_cap": null, "liability_cap_reference": "51 O.S. § 154(A)", "note": "Because OK-MAP only refers, the binding limits are whatever the participating admitted carrier will write." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://mapsprogram.com/governing-statute", "source_name": "Oklahoma Market Assistance Program / 36 O.S. § 6414", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "This is a structural distinction vs. true FAIR Plans (CA $3M, CO $750K combined, etc.); OK has no statutory cap because there is no statutory pool to cap." }, { "field": "application_process", "value": "Through a licensed Oklahoma insurance producer or directly with OK-MAP (Oklahoma City office). OK-MAP refers the application to member insurers; each member must respond/quote on at least 1 in 5 referrals within 10 working days. Direct OK-MAP contact: (405) 842-9883; cmunden@mapsprogram.com; 9417 N Kelley Ave, Oklahoma City, OK 73131.", "value_json": { "channels": [ "licensed Oklahoma producer/agent", "direct contact with OK-MAP" ], "phone": "(405) 842-9883", "email": "cmunden@mapsprogram.com", "address": "9417 North Kelley Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK 73131", "quote_window_business_days": 10 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://mapsprogram.com/", "source_name": "Oklahoma Market Assistance Program", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": null }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Because OK-MAP routes the application to admitted carriers (not to an excess-and-surplus pool), the resulting quote is at the carrier's filed admitted rates; it is not categorically more expensive than the standard market, but applicants reach OK-MAP after multiple declinations, so the quote will typically reflect a higher-tier underwriting class. Oklahoma's standard-market average premium is among the highest in the United States; the Oklahoma Insurance Department's annual Home Insurance Rate Comparison surveys the filed rates.", "value_json": { "positioning": "admitted-rate placement after declinations; not a separate residual-market rate schedule", "context_avg_premium_300k_dwelling_usd_2026_industry_estimate": 4695, "national_avg_premium_300k_dwelling_usd_2026_industry_estimate": 2424, "ok_vs_national_pct_higher_industry_estimate": 94 }, "unit": "USD", "source_url": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/consumers/insurance-basics/home-insurance-rate-comparison/", "source_name": "Oklahoma Insurance Department: Home Insurance Rate Comparison", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Qualitative positioning (admitted-rate placement) from the OK-MAP statute structure. Industry-aggregated average-premium figures (~$4,695 vs ~$2,424 national, per a secondary aggregator's 2026 state analysis using Quadrant-Information-Services rate-quote data) are held as ballpark context in value_json with `_industry_estimate` field suffixes; do not cite as a primary source on a state DOI page. The OID's annual Home Insurance Rate Comparison is the primary source for filed rates." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "not typically needed , OK-MAP placements are full admitted homeowners policies (usually HO-3 or HO-8), not stripped-down fire-only forms, so a DIC wrap is generally unnecessary (unlike CA/CO FAIR Plan placements).", "value_json": { "status": "not_typically_needed", "reason": "OK-MAP refers to admitted carriers writing standard homeowners forms; the FAIR-Plan + DIC pattern does not apply." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://mapsprogram.com/", "source_name": "Oklahoma Market Assistance Program", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Structural inference from how OK-MAP works (referral-to-admitted) vs. a true FAIR Plan with a narrow base form." }, { "field": "replacement_cost_available", "value": "yes, when the receiving admitted carrier offers it , standard for HO-3 placements; HO-8 placements use modified replacement cost / functional replacement.", "value_json": { "available": true, "depends_on": "carrier and form" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/consumers/insurance-basics/home-insurance-rate-comparison/", "source_name": "Oklahoma Insurance Department", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "OID's rate-comparison guide uses HO-3 at 80%-of-replacement-value as its standard baseline." }, { "field": "regulatory_authority", "value": "Oklahoma Insurance Department (OID), Commissioner Glen Mulready", "value_json": { "name": "Oklahoma Insurance Department", "short_name": "OID", "commissioner": "Glen Mulready", "website": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/", "consumer_assistance_phone_toll_free_in_OK": "800-522-0071", "consumer_assistance_phone": "(405) 521-2828", "address": "400 NE 50th St., Oklahoma City, OK 73105" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/", "source_name": "Oklahoma Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-20", "notes": "OID lacks prior-approval authority over homeowners rates (Oklahoma is a competitive / file-and-use state, one of 38 such jurisdictions per OID); it can intervene only in extraordinary circumstances. **needs_rescan reason (data-verifier 80, 2026-05-14):** Glen Mulready is term-limited (Oklahoma constitutional two-term cap; he cannot run in 2026 per Ballotpedia). Primary estimated June 2026; general election 2026-11-03; successor takes office January 11, 2027. Re-verify commissioner name post-primary and post-general before any content regen runs." }, { "field": "DOI_contact", "value": "Oklahoma Insurance Department, Consumer Assistance Division: 800-522-0071 (toll-free in OK) or (405) 521-2828; complaint portal at oid.ok.gov/consumers/file-an-online-complaint/", "value_json": { "phone_toll_free": "800-522-0071", "phone_direct": "(405) 521-2828", "fax": "(405) 521-6652", "complaint_portal": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/consumers/file-an-online-complaint/", "address": "Oklahoma Insurance Department, 400 NE 50th St., Oklahoma City, OK 73105" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/contact-us/", "source_name": "Oklahoma Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "In 2024, OID returned $12M+ to consumers and handled 16,000+ assistance calls." }, { "field": "wind_hail_deductible_norms", "value": "Separate percentage-based wind/hail deductibles are standard in Oklahoma, typically 1% to 5% of the dwelling coverage limit. On a $300,000 dwelling that is $3,000 to $15,000 out-of-pocket per qualifying storm event before coverage applies. Some carriers offer a buy-down to a flat dollar deductible at higher premium. OID does not set a default deductible; it explicitly warns consumers to confirm whether the wind/hail deductible is separate, all-wind vs. named-storm-only, and percentage- vs. dollar-based.", "value_json": { "structure": "separate percentage deductible for wind/hail (standard in admitted OK market)", "common_range_pct_of_dwelling": [ 1, 2, 3, 5 ], "example_dollar_amount_on_300k_dwelling_at_2pct_usd": 6000, "trigger_variants": [ "all-wind", "named-storm-only" ], "buy_down_available": true }, "unit": "%", "source_url": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/consumers/insurance-basics/disasters/wind-and-hail/", "source_name": "Oklahoma Insurance Department / United Policyholders", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "1-5% range corroborated by multiple Oklahoma-agent sources and United Policyholders; OID confirms separate-peril-deductible structures are common in higher-risk areas and tells consumers to review with their agent." }, { "field": "carrier_availability", "value": "Mixed. OID reports 113 admitted carriers writing homeowners in OK with 50+ actively issuing new policies as of 2025-26, and Commissioner Mulready repeatedly states there is 'no availability problem.' But the largest carriers have tightened: Farmers (OK's #2 homeowners writer) announced in Sept 2024 it would non-renew approximately 1,300 policies in eastern Oklahoma starting Nov 1, 2024, citing wildfire risk; State Farm faces a 2025 OID lawsuit over alleged claim-handling practices on hail damage. The Oklahoma non-renewal rate climbed roughly 103% between 2018 and 2023.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "Farmers Insurance", "action": "non-renewal of ~1,300 homeowners policies in eastern Oklahoma", "reason": "wildfire risk", "date": "2024-11-01", "share_of_OK_book_pct": "<2" }, { "carrier": "State Farm", "action": "subject of OID enforcement action (Dec 2025) over hail-claim-handling allegations", "date": "2025-12" }, { "carrier": "Oklahoma Farm Bureau Mutual", "action": "active regional writer; one of the top 5 homeowners writers in OK", "date": "ongoing" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://okcfox.com/news/local/farmers-insurance-declining-renewal-on-over-1000-home-policies-officials-say-glen-mulready-oklahoma-insurance-department-commissioner-wildfire-risk-eastern-hald-sooner-state-competition-cost-burn-fire-blaze-andy-james-forestry-services-chief-management", "source_name": "OKC Fox / Oklahoma Insurance Department / Insurance Journal", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "113-carrier figure and 'no availability problem' framing from Commissioner Mulready; Farmers non-renewal specifics from Sept 2024 OKC Fox / Insurtech Insights coverage; State Farm lawsuit from OID 12/08/25 release. Non-renewal-rate +103% (2018-2023) widely cited in OK trade press." }, { "field": "residual_market_volume", "value": "Not publicly published as a single annual figure. OK-MAP refers , it does not pool. Member assessment for 2025 was a flat $150 per licensed P&C member (admin only), set by OID Bulletin 2025-02 under 36 O.S. §§ 6413 and 6422.", "value_json": { "policy_count_in_pool": "n/a , OK-MAP does not pool risk", "annual_member_assessment_2025_usd": 150, "assessment_basis": "flat per-member admin", "statutory_basis": "36 O.S. §§ 6413, 6422", "non_payment_penalty_max_usd": 5000 }, "unit": "USD", "source_url": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/bulletin-no-2025-02/", "source_name": "Oklahoma Insurance Department Bulletin 2025-02", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Distinct from a true FAIR Plan, which would publish exposure, policy count, and PML in an annual report. OK-MAP's annual assessment is administrative ($150/member 2025), not loss-funding." }, { "field": "catastrophe_history", "value": "Oklahoma sits in the heart of Tornado Alley plus the central US severe-convective-storm (SCS) hail corridor; both are structural, not cyclical. Anchor events: May 20, 2013 Moore EF5 tornado (24 deaths, ~$2B, $3.5B insured losses, RMS). April 2023 hail outbreak alone caused estimated ~$350M in Oklahoma residential losses with ~480,000 OK structures hit by quarter-sized or larger hail. March 14, 2024 and May 6-10, 2024 hail/tornado outbreaks across the central US (including OK) generated >165 tornadoes and >$5B in economic damage in one window. US SCS insured losses hit a record $58B+ in 2023 and continued elevated in 2024-25.", "value_json": { "anchor_event": { "name": "2013 Moore EF5 tornado", "date": "2013-05-20", "insured_loss_estimate_usd_low": 2000000000, "insured_loss_estimate_usd_high": 3500000000, "deaths": 24, "modeler": "RMS" }, "april_2023_hail_outbreak_residential_loss_estimate_usd": 350000000, "april_2023_structures_hit_by_quarter_size_or_larger_hail_OK": 480000, "us_scs_insured_loss_2023_usd": 58000000000, "may_2024_outbreak_tornadoes": 165, "may_2024_outbreak_economic_damage_usd": 5000000000 }, "unit": "USD", "source_url": "https://www.propertycasualty360.com/2013/05/28/2-3-5b-in-insured-losses-from-moore-oklahoma-tornado-rms/", "source_name": "RMS / III / Insurance Journal / CoreLogic / Aon Impact Forecasting", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Moore figures well-documented by RMS and III press release. 2023 hail figures from CoreLogic and Aon Q1/Q2 2024 cat recap. 2024 SCS figures from Insurance Journal coverage of CoreLogic / Verisk reports." }, { "field": "non_renewal_moratoria", "value": "Oklahoma does not have a standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium (no equivalent to California Insurance Code § 675.1). OID has not invoked a moratorium for hail or tornado outbreaks; the regulator's tools are limited because OK is a competitive-rating jurisdiction (file-and-use through 2027-07-01, then file-and-wait under HB 3781). The 2026 OID legislative package's Homeowner Claims Bill of Rights (HB 2933) DIED in the Senate at sine die 2026-05-14/15; HB 3781 (file-and-wait rate review) was signed 2026-05-14, effective 2027-07-01. The other 2026 OID proposals (non-renewal-on-15-yr-roof prohibition, aerial-imagery claim-denial prohibition, claim-timeline tightening) were not enacted.", "value_json": { "post_disaster_moratorium": false, "comparator_statute_absent": "no Oklahoma equivalent to California Ins. Code § 675.1", "2026_proposed_protections": [ "quarterly P&C non-renewal/withdrawal market reports", "no non-renewal solely on roof age 15+ yrs", "no claim denials solely on aerial imagery", "claim ack 14 days (from 30), estimate 7 days, decision 30 days (from 60), resolution 90 days (from 120)", "mandatory FORTIFIED roof discount (currently optional in many filings)" ], "status": "HB 2933 (Homeowner Claims Bill of Rights, quarterly reporting, mediation, claim-timeline reforms) passed the Oklahoma House 70-22 on 2026-03-24 and cleared the Senate Business and Insurance Committee 9-0 on 2026-04-23, but was placed on Senate General Order on 2026-04-28 and received no Senate floor vote before the 60th Legislature adjourned sine die on 2026-05-14/15. The bill died at sine die; not enrolled, not signed; would require reintroduction in the 2027 session. HB 3781 (file-and-wait rate review, Rep. Adams / Sen. Reinhardt) WAS signed into law 2026-05-14, effective 2027-07-01 — see rate_approval data point.", "hb2933_house_passed": "2026-03-24 (70-22)", "hb2933_senate_committee_passed": "2026-04-23 (9-0)", "hb2933_final_status": "died at sine die 2026-05-14/15; would require 2027 reintroduction", "needs_rescan": false }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/release_121025/", "source_name": "Oklahoma Insurance Department / Insurance Journal", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Proposed-reform list directly from the Dec 10, 2025 OID release. The absence of a moratorium statute is a notable contrast with CA/LA/FL." }, { "field": "mitigation_credits", "value": "Yes , and unusually muscular. Under 36 O.S. §§ 961-962, admitted carriers must provide premium discounts for IBHS FORTIFIED-certified homes (frequently up to a 42% reduction on the wind/hail portion of the premium). The Strengthen Oklahoma Homes Act funds grants of up to $10,000 for FORTIFIED roof retrofits; the program expanded statewide to all 77 counties on Jan 12, 2026. OID says FORTIFIED retrofits can cut severe-storm damage up to 80% and lower premiums 20-30%.", "value_json": { "statutory_discount_mandate": "36 O.S. §§ 961, 962", "typical_wind_hail_premium_discount_pct_up_to": 42, "strengthen_oklahoma_homes_grant_max_usd": 10000, "statewide_expansion_date": "2026-01-12", "counties_covered": 77, "fortified_damage_reduction_pct_up_to": 80, "fortified_premium_reduction_typical_pct": "20-30" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/release_011226/", "source_name": "Oklahoma Insurance Department / Strengthen Oklahoma Homes Act", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "This is Oklahoma's main policy lever, since OID lacks prior-approval rate authority. The 42% wind/hail discount figure is widely reported by OK agents citing carrier filings." }, { "field": "loss_ratio_trend", "value": "Severely elevated. Oklahoma's top 20 homeowners insurers paid $129 in claims for every $100 of premium collected in 2023 (129% direct loss ratio), improving to $97 per $100 in 2024 , still tight. Pricing is responding: Oklahoma homeowners premiums rose 42.2% over the five years from 2018 through 2023, with a 26.1% combined jump in 2022-2023 alone.", "value_json": { "loss_ratio_2023_pct": 129, "loss_ratio_2024_pct": 97, "scope": "top 20 OK homeowners insurers", "premium_increase_2018_2023_pct": 42.2, "premium_increase_2022_2023_combined_pct": 26.1 }, "unit": "%", "source_url": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/getready5_2025/", "source_name": "Oklahoma Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Loss-ratio figures direct from OID's 'It's Not Just Hail' explainer. Premium-trend figures from OID statements and OK trade press." }, { "field": "average_premium", "value": "Oklahoma's average homeowners premium is among the highest in the United States. The Oklahoma Insurance Department's annual Home Insurance Rate Comparison (updated June 2026) shows wide carrier dispersion: for a $100K dwelling in Tulsa, quotes range $973 to $4,505; for Oklahoma City, quotes range $1,079 to $5,971. Secondary aggregators using Quadrant Information Services rate-quote data place the statewide average for a standard dwelling in the $5,000 to $5,500 range for 2025-2026.", "value_json": { "avg_premium_300k_dwelling_2026_usd_industry_estimate": 5298, "national_avg_premium_300k_dwelling_2026_usd_industry_estimate": 2395, "ok_vs_national_pct_higher_industry_estimate": 121, "rank_among_states_qualitative": "highest in US", "oid_rate_comparison_100k_dwelling_okc_range_usd": [ 1079, 5971 ], "oid_rate_comparison_100k_dwelling_tulsa_range_usd": [ 973, 4505 ], "oid_rate_comparison_updated": "2026-06" }, "unit": "USD", "source_url": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/consumers/insurance-basics/home-insurance-rate-comparison/", "source_name": "Oklahoma Insurance Department: Home Insurance Rate Comparison (June 2026)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "OID's annual Home Insurance Rate Comparison is the primary source for filed carrier rates and dispersion; the $973-$5,971 ranges are pulled from that publication. The ballpark $4,700 average-premium figure is industry-aggregated (per a secondary aggregator's 2026 state analysis using Quadrant Information Services rate-quote data) and held in value_json with `_industry_estimate` suffixes; do not cite as a primary source on a state DOI reference page." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Oklahoma personal residential property cancellation/non-renewal notice periods are set by Oklahoma Administrative Code § 365:15-1-14 (implementing 36 O.S. § 3639): non-renewal of a homeowners/personal residential policy requires 30 days' written notice; cancellation requires 10 days' notice; a premium or coverage change at renewal requires 45 days' notice before the renewal-effective date. Separately, 36 O.S. § 3639.1 restricts a carrier's ability to cancel, non-renew, or raise premium based solely on the filing of a first claim, and requires plain-language notice. Oklahoma is a competitive-rating state; OID generally cannot block individual non-renewal decisions absent statutory cause.", "value_json": { "notice_day_statutes": [ "36 O.S. § 3639 (notice-period statute)", "OAC § 365:15-1-14 (implementing regulation)" ], "first_claim_protection_statute": "36 O.S. § 3639.1 (a SEPARATE statute; does NOT set notice days)", "nonrenewal_notice_days": 30, "cancellation_notice_days": 10, "renewal_premium_or_coverage_change_notice_days": 45, "first_claim_protection": true, "rate_regime": "competitive / file-and-use through 2027-06-30; file-and-wait effective 2027-07-01 per HB 3781 (signed 2026-05-14; 30-day pre-review for competitive markets, 60-day for noncompetitive)", "post_disaster_moratorium": "none standing" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/062016_Rule-Text-Ch-15-filed.pdf", "source_name": "Oklahoma Administrative Code OAC 365:15-1-14 (Property and Casualty - General Provisions), via Oklahoma Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier-133 (2026-05-15): CRITICAL L16b correction. The prior phrasing implied 36 O.S. § 3639.1 set the notice-day rule; it does NOT. § 3639.1 is the first-claim-protection statute (its '45 days' is a policy-in-force threshold, not a notice period). Notice days come from OAC § 365:15-1-14 implementing § 3639: 30 days non-renewal / 10 days cancellation / 45 days renewal-change. Now separated cleanly in value_json. needs_rescan: true because Cornell LII is the Justia 403-blocked mirror; verify against the official Oklahoma admin code site when next refreshed." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Farmers Insurance (OK's #2 homeowners writer): announced Sept 2024, started Nov 1, 2024 , non-renewing approximately 1,300 owner-occupied dwelling policies in eastern Oklahoma citing wildfire risk; OID and state forestry officials publicly disagreed with the wildfire-risk rationale. Commissioner Mulready: 'We're not seeing this from other companies … everyone is adjusting to the losses and the weather that we've been having.' State Farm: faced an OID enforcement action announced Dec 8, 2025 alleging claim-handling practices designed to reduce hail-damage payouts (suit unresolved as of May 2026). No statewide pause-on-new-business by a top-5 carrier has been publicly announced; the OK pattern is rate-and-deductible hardening, not en-masse exits.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "Farmers Insurance", "action": "non-renewal of ~1,300 homeowners policies in eastern Oklahoma", "reason_stated": "wildfire risk", "date": "2024-11-01", "share_of_carrier_OK_book_pct": "<2", "ok_market_rank": 2 }, { "carrier": "State Farm", "action": "OID enforcement action announced; allegations of claim-handling practices reducing hail payouts", "date": "2025-12-08", "status_as_of_2026_05_14": "litigation pending" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://okcfox.com/news/local/farmers-insurance-declining-renewal-on-over-1000-home-policies-officials-say-glen-mulready-oklahoma-insurance-department-commissioner-wildfire-risk-eastern-hald-sooner-state-competition-cost-burn-fire-blaze-andy-james-forestry-services-chief-management", "source_name": "OKC Fox / Insurtech Insights / Oklahoma Insurance Department press release 12/08/25", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Farmers details confirmed by Insurtech Insights and OKC Fox. State Farm action from OID release_120825. Confirm via direct OID record before quoting precise litigation status." }, { "field": "competitive_market_size", "value": "Approximately 113 admitted carriers are licensed to write homeowners insurance in Oklahoma; 50+ are actively issuing new policies as of 2025-26 (OID). Top five by market presence: USAA, Allstate, State Farm, Farmers, Oklahoma Farm Bureau Mutual.", "value_json": { "admitted_carriers_total": 113, "actively_writing_new_business": "50+", "top_5_carriers": [ "USAA", "Allstate", "State Farm", "Farmers", "Oklahoma Farm Bureau Mutual" ] }, "unit": "carriers", "source_url": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/getready5_2025/", "source_name": "Oklahoma Insurance Department / industry rate-comparison data 2026", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": null }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Dec 10, 2025: OID + legislators announced a 2026 homeowners-insurance legislative package (Homeowner Claims Bill of Rights, accelerated claim timelines, mandatory FORTIFIED-roof discounts, ban on aerial-imagery-only claim denials, no-non-renewal-on-15+-yr-roof, quarterly market reports). Jan 12, 2026: Strengthen Oklahoma Homes Act expanded to all 77 counties (up-to-$10K FORTIFIED retrofit grants). Dec 8, 2025: OID announced enforcement action against State Farm. Mar 24, 2026: Oklahoma House passed HB 2933 (Homeowner Claims Bill of Rights) 70-22; Apr 23, 2026: HB 2933 cleared Senate Business & Insurance Committee 9-0. May 14-15, 2026: Oklahoma's 60th Legislature adjourned sine die; HB 2933 DIED in the Senate without a floor vote. May 14, 2026: HB 3781 (file-and-wait P&C rate review; Rep. Adams / Sen. Reinhardt) was signed into law, effective 2027-07-01; converts Oklahoma from use-and-file to prior-review for P&C rate filings (30-day review for competitive markets, 60-day for noncompetitive). Nov 1, 2024: Farmers began the ~1,300-policy non-renewal in eastern OK.", "value_json": { "legislative_package_announced": "2025-12-10", "strengthen_oklahoma_homes_statewide_expansion": "2026-01-12", "state_farm_enforcement_action": "2025-12-08", "farmers_nonrenewal_start": "2024-11-01", "2026_session_start": "2026-02", "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2019, "value": 4067, "label": "$4,067" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 6133, "label": "$6,133" }, { "year": 2025, "value": 5298, "label": "$5,298" } ], "chartable_unit": "usd", "chartable_caption": "Oklahoma avg annual homeowners premium 2019-2025 (rate-filing aggregation, Quadrant Information Services)", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Glen Mulready", "title": "Insurance Commissioner", "confirmed_date": "2023-01-09", "predecessor": "John D. Doak (term-limited after two elected terms, 2011-2019)", "source_url": "https://oid.ok.gov/about-oid/commissioner/", "source_name": "Oklahoma Insurance Department - Commissioner" }, "chartable_source_url": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/consumers/insurance-basics/home-insurance-rate-comparison/", "chartable_source_name": "Quadrant Information Services rate-filing data; Oklahoma Insurance Department" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/release_121025/", "source_name": "Oklahoma Insurance Department (oid.ok.gov) / Oklahoma Legislature (oklegislature.gov) / Insurance Journal", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Track 2026 session outcomes; this is the year the OK reform package either lands or is deferred. The chartable_series above ($4,067 2019 → $6,133 2024, +50.8 percent, LendingTree State of Home Insurance 2025) renders an inline Sparkline beneath the recent_changes H2 — OK is the #1 most-expensive state nationally per that report." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/consumers/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/consumers/", "rate_comparison_tool": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/consumers/insurance-basics/home-insurance-rate-comparison/", "complaint_portal": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/consumers/file-an-online-complaint/", "okready_disaster_hub": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/okready/", "regulator": "Oklahoma Insurance Department" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/", "source_name": "Oklahoma Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "OID's rate-comparison guide for HO-3 across 23 carriers and four cities (OKC, Tulsa, Lawton, McAlester) is unusually useful for a state DOI; worth linking from the OK page." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "Editorial framing for the OK page: this is the residual-market story without a residual market. Oklahoma combines the highest-in-the-nation average homeowners premium, structural tornado + hail exposure, separate percentage wind/hail deductibles as default, and only a referral mechanism (OK-MAP) where peer states have a FAIR Plan. The policy response is FORTIFIED-led (statewide retrofit grants + statutory discount mandate) rather than residual-pool-led. Statute set: Title 36 O.S. §§ 6411-6422 (Market Assistance Association Act), §§ 961-962 (FORTIFIED discounts), § 3639.1 (first-claim protections). Watch items: 2026 OID legislative package outcomes; State Farm hail-claims litigation; whether any additional carrier follows Farmers in non-renewal action.", "value_json": { "headline": "highest US average premium + tornado + hail; no FAIR Plan; mitigation-led policy response", "watch_2026": [ "Feb 2026 OK legislative session outcomes on the OID reform package", "State Farm hail-claims enforcement litigation", "any follow-on carrier non-renewals beyond Farmers" ], "key_statutes": [ "36 O.S. §§ 6411-6422 (Market Assistance Association Act)", "36 O.S. §§ 961-962 (FORTIFIED premium-discount mandate)", "36 O.S. § 3639.1 (first-claim cancellation/non-renewal protection)" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/release_121025/", "source_name": "Oklahoma Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Synthesis of all the above; use this as the page lede framing." }, { "field": "hero_stat_override", "value": "$5,298", "value_json": { "label": "Oklahoma average annual homeowners premium 2025 (highest in US)", "amount": 5298, "unit": "usd_per_year" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/consumers/insurance-basics/home-insurance-rate-comparison/", "source_name": "Quadrant Information Services rate-filing data; corroborated by the Oklahoma Insurance Department Home Insurance Rate Comparison (oid.ok.gov)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Headline number sourced from LendingTree's State of Home Insurance 2025 report (2024 data) which derives from primary carrier rate filings: $6,133/year is the OK 2024 average and ranks highest in the US. LendingTree is a marketplace; the underlying data is from Quadrant Information Services and primary carrier filings via SERFF. The $4,695 / $300K-dwelling figure from a secondary aggregator is held in value_json on the average_premium row with `_industry_estimate` suffixes." }, { "field": "average_premium_yearly", "value": "$5,298 average annual homeowners premium in Oklahoma, the highest in the United States, versus a national average of about $2,395 (Oklahoma is roughly 121% above the national average), per insurer rate-filing aggregations (Quadrant Information Services data). The Oklahoma Insurance Department's own Home Insurance Rate Comparison corroborates Oklahoma's position at the top of the national premium rankings.", "value_json": { "avg_annual_premium_usd": 5298, "national_avg_usd": 2395, "pct_above_national": 121.2, "national_rank": 1, "source_vendor": "Quadrant Information Services", "corroborating_primary": "Oklahoma Insurance Department Home Insurance Rate Comparison" }, "unit": "USD", "source_url": "https://www.oid.ok.gov/consumers/insurance-basics/home-insurance-rate-comparison/", "source_name": "Quadrant Information Services rate-filing data; corroborated by the Oklahoma Insurance Department Home Insurance Rate Comparison (oid.ok.gov)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "2024 figure ($6,133) is published directly by LendingTree (June 2025 report) ranking OK #1 nationally. 2019 baseline is derived from LendingTree's stated +50.8% Oklahoma rate change 2019-2024 ($6,133 / 1.508 = $4,067) — a single-point derivation, not a published 2019 figure. Intermediate years (2020-2023) deliberately NOT back-filled because LendingTree's published per-year ladder is the national ladder, not Oklahoma-specific. Methodology differs from the a secondary aggregator `average_premium` field above (LendingTree = all-policies actual average; a secondary aggregator = fixed $300K dwelling quote, $4,695). Confidence medium because only one year is directly published; the 2019 point is a derivation. Cross-confirm: Oklahoma Watch coverage (https://oklahomawatch.org/2025/07/16/oklahoma-has-nations-highest-average-homeowners-insurance-premiums/)." } ] }, { "code": "OR", "name": "Oregon", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/oregon-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://orfairplan.com/about/overview/", "source_name": "Oregon FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Oregon FAIR Plan Association (OFPA) is a statutory insurer of last resort, established by the Oregon Legislature in 1971 under ORS 735.005-735.145. Operates as a non-profit association of all licensed property insurers in Oregon. Confirmed via OFPA official site and Oregon DFR." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Oregon FAIR Plan Association", "value_json": { "name": "Oregon FAIR Plan Association", "abbreviation": "OFPA" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://orfairplan.com/", "source_name": "Oregon FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "FAIR = Fair Access to Insurance Requirements. Operates under ORS 735.045." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://orfairplan.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://orfairplan.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://orfairplan.com/", "source_name": "Oregon FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Confirmed live. Administrative address: 8705 SW Nimbus Ave., Suite 360, Beaverton, OR 97008. Phone: 503-643-5448. Email: info@orfairplan.com." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Base policy covers fire, extended coverage (windstorm, hail, explosion, riot or civil commotion, aircraft, vehicles, smoke, and volcanic eruption), and vandalism. All policies are issued on an actual cash value (ACV) basis only -- no replacement cost option. Does NOT cover personal liability, theft, personal article floaters, water damage, flood, or earthquake. Loss history can restrict coverage (e.g., multiple windstorm losses may result in fire-only coverage without mitigation improvements). Wrap-around HO-3 policies with liability are now available via partnership with AccessOne80/Hamilton Insurance DAC.", "value_json": { "base_perils": [ "fire", "windstorm", "hail", "explosion", "riot or civil commotion", "aircraft", "vehicles", "smoke", "volcanic eruption", "vandalism" ], "settlement_basis": "actual cash value (ACV) only -- no replacement cost", "exclusions": [ "personal liability", "theft", "personal article floaters", "water damage", "flood", "earthquake" ], "wrap_available_via": "AccessOne80 / Hamilton Insurance DAC (HO-3 with liability)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.propertycasualty360.com/fcs/2024/07/22/state-fair-plans-2/", "source_name": "PropertyCasualty360 / Oregon FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Peril list confirmed by PC360 state FAIR plans survey (citing OFPA directly) and orfairplan.com/about/faq/. ACV-only basis confirmed by OFPA FAQ. AccessOne80/Hamilton wrap partnership from OFPA whats-new page." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "$600,000 (personal dwellings and farm dwellings); $1,000,000 (commercial buildings). Effective May 1, 2023. Higher limits available on a case-by-case basis via facultative reinsurance.", "value_json": { "residential_dwelling": 600000, "farm_dwelling": 600000, "commercial": 1000000, "currency": "USD", "effective": "2023-05-01", "higher_via": "facultative reinsurance (case-by-case)" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://dfr.oregon.gov/news/news2023/Pages/20230511-fairplan-coverage-increases.aspx", "source_name": "Oregon Division of Financial Regulation", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Limits increased from $400K residential / $700K commercial effective May 1, 2023 -- first increase since 2016. Confirmed by Oregon DFR press release and OFPA FAQ." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "yes -- via AccessOne80/Hamilton Insurance DAC partnership", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "product": "HO-3 wrap with liability via AccessOne80 / Hamilton Insurance DAC" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://orfairplan.com/whats-new/", "source_name": "Oregon FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "OFPA announced a partnership with ACCESS ONE80 to offer wrap policies through Hamilton Insurance DAC, providing HO-3 coverage with liability to supplement the basic FAIR Plan dwelling policy. This is a named product specifically paired with the OR FAIR Plan -- confirmed on OFPA whats-new page." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Available to property owners (individuals, farms, commercial) with an insurable interest in Oregon property who are unable to obtain coverage through the standard (voluntary) insurance market. Vacant properties are NOT eligible. Credit history is not an underwriting factor. Oregon does not impose a fixed 'declined by N carriers' numeric test; eligibility is based on inability to secure coverage in the normal market plus meeting OFPA underwriting standards.", "value_json": { "rule": "insurable interest in OR property + unable to obtain in standard market + meets underwriting standards", "vacant_ineligible": true, "credit_history_considered": false, "numeric_declination_count": "not published" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://orfairplan.com/about/faq/", "source_name": "Oregon FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Eligibility rules from OFPA FAQ. Credit-history exclusion and vacant-property ineligibility explicitly stated on OFPA FAQ. Numeric declination count not specified -- consistent with ORS 735.045." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through any Oregon-licensed property insurance producer/agent -- no special OFPA appointment is required and premiums are unaffected by which agent assists the applicant. OFPA does not sell directly to consumers. Coverage cannot be bound by the producer; it is bound only when the OFPA Underwriting Department accepts the application. An online Quick Quote is available at orfairplan.com for dwellings, farms, and mobile homes.", "value_json": { "channel": "any Oregon-licensed property insurance producer/agent", "direct_to_consumer": false, "quick_quote_url": "https://orfairplan.com/", "binding": "OFPA Underwriting Department only (no producer binding authority)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://orfairplan.com/about/faq/", "source_name": "Oregon FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Any OR-licensed agent + OFPA-binds-only rules confirmed by OFPA FAQ and underwriting guidelines page." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market for significantly narrower coverage (ACV only, no liability, no theft, fire-plus-EC base). A last resort, not a price-competition fallback. Rate increase of 15% effective June 1, 2023 -- the first rate change since 2015 per OFPA's public announcements. Oregon is a file-and-use state, so subsequent OFPA rate adjustments could be filed without a public announcement; the SERFF public-review portal is not exposed to web search (filingaccess.serff.com requires credentialed access).", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, narrower coverage (ACV only, no liability/theft)", "last_publicly_announced_rate_increase_pct": 15, "last_publicly_announced_rate_increase_effective": "2023-06-01", "prior_rate_increase_year": 2015, "regime": "file-and-use (no prior approval; subsequent OFPA filings may not generate public announcements)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://orfairplan.com/whats-new/", "source_name": "Oregon FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-20", "notes": "Per data-verifier-162 (2026-05-15): the 2023 15% / 2015-prior figures are confirmed against OFPA's whats-new page. However Oregon is a file-and-use state and no public 2024 or 2025 OFPA rate filing appears anywhere in the public record (OFPA site, DFR press releases, news coverage). The SERFF public portal for Oregon returned 403 (credentialed access only). Subsequent rate adjustments could exist without a public announcement; confidence downgraded to medium + needs_rescan: true until a primary DFR or direct OFPA inquiry confirms post-2023 activity." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Coverage limits raised May 1, 2023 ($600K residential/farm, $1M commercial -- first increase since 2016). 15% across-the-board rate increase effective June 1, 2023 -- first rate change since 2015. OFPA had approximately 1,698 policies in force at end of 2023 (up from 1,535 end-2022 and 1,425 end-2021), with applicant pipeline growing rapidly as standard carriers non-renew high-risk wildfire properties. Oregon wildfire hazard map (released Jan 7, 2025, by Oregon Dept of Forestry and OSU) identified approximately 106,000 tax lots in high hazard/WUI zones (6% of Oregon's 1.9M total tax lots); that map was subsequently repealed by SB 83 (signed July 24, 2025), so this figure reflects a now-voided designation. SB 82 (2023, codified as ORS 742.277 and ORS 742.278) bars insurers from using state-produced wildfire risk maps to cancel/non-renew/increase premiums; requires property-specific written explanations for wildfire-related non-renewals. SB 83 (2025, signed July 24, 2025) repealed the statewide wildfire hazard map and related mandates; ORS 742.278 remains on the books but is practically narrowed. SB 85 (2025, signed by Gov. Kotek) directed DCBS and the State Fire Marshal to develop insurance-affordability and mitigation recommendations in consultation with the State Forestry Department and insurers; the February 2, 2026 recommendation deadline has passed. SB 1540 (2026 short session) would have required insurers to disclose wildfire risk modeling to regulators and offer discounts to fire-resistant homeowners; it passed the Senate Natural Resources Committee unanimously but died in Senate Rules without a floor vote when the session adjourned sine die on March 6, 2026, after the Northwest Insurance Council withdrew support. New AccessOne80/Hamilton HO-3 wrap partnership available alongside base FAIR Plan policies. Commissioner TK Keen confirmed permanently December 3, 2025.", "value_json": { "policies_in_force_end_2023": 1698, "policies_in_force_end_2022": 1535, "policies_in_force_end_2021": 1425, "limit_increase_effective": "2023-05-01", "rate_increase_pct": 15, "rate_increase_effective": "2023-06-01", "wildfire_hazard_map_released": "2025-01-07", "high_hazard_wui_tax_lots": 106000, "high_hazard_wui_tax_lots_note": "From the statewide wildfire hazard map (SB 762/2021); that map was repealed by SB 83 (July 24, 2025) -- figure now refers to a voided designation", "key_legislation": [ "ORS 735.005-735.145", "ORS 742.277 + ORS 742.278 (codified from SB 82, 2023)", "SB 83 (2025, signed July 24, 2025 -- map repeal)", "SB 85 (2025 -- DCBS/Fire Marshal affordability/mitigation recommendations, deadline Feb 2, 2026)", "SB 1540 (2026, died March 6, 2026 -- wildfire-mitigation insurance discount bill)" ], "sb_1540_2026": { "status": "died", "date": "2026-03-06", "description": "Would have required insurers to disclose risk modeling and offer discounts to fire-resistant homeowners; passed Senate Natural Resources Committee unanimously but died in Senate Rules without a floor vote", "opponent": "Northwest Insurance Council" }, "sb_85_2025": { "status": "signed", "directive": "DCBS + State Fire Marshal to develop insurance-affordability/mitigation recommendations", "report_deadline": "2026-02-02" }, "sb_83_2025": { "signed": "2025-07-24", "effect": "repealed statewide wildfire hazard map and related mandates; ORS 742.278 technically survives but practically narrowed" }, "current_commissioner": { "name": "TK Keen", "title": "Insurance Commissioner and DFR Administrator", "confirmed_date": "2025-12-03", "acting_since": "2025-06", "predecessor": "Andrew Stolfi (departed mid-2025; destination unconfirmed against official sources)", "predecessor_confidence": "medium", "source_url": "https://dfr.oregon.gov/news/news2025/pages/20251203-keen-named-oregon-insurance-commissioner.aspx", "source_name": "Oregon Division of Financial Regulation - Insurance Commissioner", "needs_rescan": true }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 1, "label": "1" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Oregon billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/OR", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurancebusinessmag.com/us/news/catastrophe/oregon-wildfire-insurance-reform-dies-after-industry-pushback-568515.aspx", "source_name": "Oregon Division of Financial Regulation / Oregon FAIR Plan Association / Insurance Business Magazine (SB 1540, 2026)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier-121 (2026-05-15): (1) Stolfi 'departed to lead the Oregon Employment Department' claim was not confirmable from DFR appointment page or news sources; softened to 'destination unconfirmed' pending direct verification. The 2025-06 acting + 2025-12-03 permanent appointment dates are confirmed. (2) policies_in_force_end_2023 (1,698) is the most recent publicly available figure; needs_rescan to capture 2024/2025 numbers from OFPA directly. (3) No 2024/2025 FAIR Plan rate filing found in public sources, but DFR rate-filing system not exposed to web search; assume rate may have changed and verify via DFR directly. Policy counts from OPB/Oregon Capital Chronicle reporting (citing OFPA). Limit/rate increases from OFPA whats-new and DFR press release. Wildfire map from Oregon DFR/OSU release Jan 2025." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Oregon homeowners non-renewal is governed by ORS 742.566 (renewal/non-renewal notice: at least 30 days written notice required with statement of reasons) and ORS 746.687 (mid-term cancellation: permissible grounds only; the statute's restrictions do not apply to policies in force fewer than 60 days). ORS 742.277 + ORS 742.278 (codified from SB 82, 2023) bar insurers from using any state-produced wildfire risk map to cancel, non-renew, or raise premiums, and require property-specific written notice for wildfire-related cancellations and non-renewals. SB 83 (2025, signed July 24, 2025) repealed Oregon's statewide wildfire hazard map; ORS 742.278 remains technically in force but its map-use ban is now practically limited because no state map exists. Oregon does not have a standing post-wildfire-disaster non-renewal moratorium law.", "value_json": { "statute_nonrenewal_notice": "ORS 742.566 (30-day non-renewal notice for homeowners, with statement of reasons)", "statute_cancellation_grounds": "ORS 746.687 (mid-term cancellation grounds; restrictions do not apply to policies in force fewer than 60 days)", "statute_wildfire_notice_and_map_ban": "ORS 742.277 + ORS 742.278 (codified from SB 82, 2023 -- wildfire-risk notice requirements and prohibition on use of state wildfire risk maps)", "statute_wildfire_map_repeal": "SB 83 (2025, signed July 24, 2025) -- repealed the statewide wildfire hazard map; ORS 742.278 technically in force but practically narrowed", "prior_compilation_error": "ORS 742.700-742.722 was wrongly cited as governing homeowners non-renewal; that range is commercial liability (corrected Wave-21 2026-05-16)", "nonrenewal_notice_days": 30, "property_specific_explanation_required": true, "post_disaster_moratorium": "none standing" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors742.html", "source_name": "ORS 742.566 + ORS 746.687 + ORS 742.277 + ORS 742.278 (Oregon Legislature) + SB 83 (2025)", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-21 (2026-05-16) CRITICAL P1: prior phrasing cited ORS 742.700-742.722 (commercial liability) for homeowners non-renewal -- WRONG. Correct: ORS 742.566 (30-day non-renewal notice) and ORS 746.687 (mid-term cancellation grounds + the 60-day-first-claim bar; NOT a general 60-day cancellation protection). The 60-day claim-bar was misframed in the prior compilation. SB 83 (2025, signed by Gov. Kotek July 2025) repealed the statewide wildfire hazard map; SB 82's map-use ban is technically still in force but the map no longer exists (Ballard Spahr alert July 2025). source_url migrated from a generic DFR PDF to oregonlegislature.gov ORS Chapter 742 per L13g-CRIT. Confidence dropped medium -> low pending re-verification of exact 30-day notice language against current ORS 742.566 text; needs_rescan: true." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "No single major national carrier has announced a full Oregon homeowners exit as of early 2026. Pressure is concentrated in wildfire-exposed southern and central Oregon (Jackson, Josephine, Klamath, Deschutes, Douglas counties): multiple carriers have restricted new business, raised premiums, and non-renewed high-risk WUI homes, driving FAIR Plan applicant volume up approximately 19% from end-2022 to end-2023. Oregon faced its most expensive wildfire season ever in 2024 (costs exceeding $350M). Oregon DFR reports 100+ carriers still actively writing homeowners policies statewide.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": null, "action": "no confirmed full-state homeowners exit as of early 2026; selective non-renewals and new-business restrictions in WUI areas (Jackson, Josephine, Klamath, Deschutes, Douglas counties)", "date": "2021-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://oregoncapitalchronicle.com/2024/02/26/oregon-homeowners-face-soaring-premiums-few-property-insurance-options-over-wildfires/", "source_name": "Oregon Capital Chronicle / Oregon Division of Financial Regulation", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No specific named carrier exit verified for OR. Oregon Capital Chronicle (Feb 2024) and OPB (Jul 2024) document systemic tightening in WUI areas. Do not name a carrier without a sourced, dated announcement." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://dfr.oregon.gov/insure/home", "value_json": { "url": "https://dfr.oregon.gov/insure/home", "regulator": "Oregon Division of Financial Regulation (DFR), Department of Consumer and Business Services" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dfr.oregon.gov/", "source_name": "Oregon Division of Financial Regulation", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "DFR is Oregon's insurance regulator. Consumer home-insurance page is at dfr.oregon.gov/insure/home -- verify exact deep link before publishing." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "ORS 735.005-735.145 (Oregon FAIR Plan Association); ORS 735.045 (membership requirement for all admitted OR property insurers); ORS 742.566 (homeowners non-renewal notice, 30 days); ORS 746.687 (mid-term cancellation grounds); ORS 742.277 + ORS 742.278 (codified from SB 82, 2023 -- wildfire-risk notice requirements and prohibition on use of state wildfire risk maps to cancel, non-renew, or raise premiums); SB 83 (2025, signed July 24, 2025 -- repealed statewide wildfire hazard map; effective immediately on signing).", "value_json": { "fair_plan_statute": "ORS 735.005-735.145", "membership_provision": "ORS 735.045", "nonrenewal_statute": "ORS 742.566 (30-day notice)", "cancellation_statute": "ORS 746.687 (mid-term grounds)", "wildfire_map_ban": "ORS 742.277 + ORS 742.278 (codified from SB 82, 2023)", "wildfire_map_repeal": "SB 83 (2025, signed July 24, 2025)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors735.html", "source_name": "ORS Ch. 735 (Oregon FAIR Plan Association, oregonlegislature.gov) + ORS Ch. 742 (oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors742.html) + ORS Ch. 746 (oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors746.html)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-21 (2026-05-16) P0 L13g-CRIT: source_url migrated from oregon.public.law (third-party project, not Oregon official) to oregonlegislature.gov primary per L13g-CRIT/L19. Per the same review's P1: cancellation_statute corrected from the wrong ORS 742.700-742.722 range (commercial liability) to ORS 742.566 + ORS 746.687 (homeowners non-renewal + mid-term cancellation grounds). SB 83 (2025) repeal of the statewide wildfire hazard map added; SB 82 wildfire-map-use ban still technically in force but practically narrowed (Ballard Spahr alert July 2025)." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "The Oregon FAIR Plan Association (OFPA) is a non-profit association of all property insurance companies licensed in Oregon; it is NOT a state agency. It changed to a Syndicate operational model in January 2002 -- all financial results flow through to member companies as reinsurance proportional to market share. No government funds support it. OFPA administers its own underwriting, policy issuance, inspections, and loss adjustment in-house. Coverage is available for dwellings (owner-occupied and tenant), farms, apartment buildings, and commercial buildings. A moratorium applies during declared or anticipated catastrophes: during wildfires or severe weather, coverage cannot be bound, broadened, increased, or have deductibles decreased until the event is resolved.", "value_json": { "structure": "non-profit syndicate association of all admitted OR property insurers; not a state agency", "operational_model": "Syndicate (since January 2002)", "funding": "premiums + member-company proportional reinsurance; no government funds", "coverage_classes": [ "dwellings (owner-occupied and tenant)", "farms", "apartment buildings", "commercial buildings" ], "catastrophe_moratorium": "binding/broadening prohibited during declared or anticipated wildfire or severe weather events" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://orfairplan.com/about/overview/", "source_name": "Oregon FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Syndicate structure and non-profit/non-state-agency status confirmed by OFPA overview page and Oregon DFR. Catastrophe moratorium confirmed by OFPA underwriting-guidelines page." } ] }, { "code": "PA", "name": "Pennsylvania", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/pennsylvania-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.pafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Insurance Placement Facility of Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania FAIR Plan)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Active FAIR Plan confirmed on the plan's own website, the Iowa FAIR Plan directory of state plans (iowafairplan.com/links-to-the-fair-plans/), PIPSO membership, and the Insurance Information Institute FY2024 FAIR-Plan-by-state table (~8,982 habitational policies). Statutory basis: Pennsylvania FAIR Plan Act, Act of July 31, 1968, P.L. 738, No. 233 (Act 233 of 1968), codified at 40 P.S. § 1600.101 et seq. The plan ('Insurance Placement Facility of Pennsylvania') commenced operating October 28, 1968 and is an association of all property insurers licensed in Pennsylvania, governed by a board elected by member companies." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Insurance Placement Facility of Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania FAIR Plan)", "value_json": { "name": "Insurance Placement Facility of Pennsylvania", "common_name": "Pennsylvania FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.pafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Insurance Placement Facility of Pennsylvania", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Exact legal name 'Insurance Placement Facility of Pennsylvania', operating as the 'Pennsylvania FAIR Plan', confirmed on the plan's own website (pafairplan.com) and the Iowa FAIR Plan directory. (Note: the older internal compilation listed the plan as 'Pennsylvania FAIR Plan (Pennsylvania Insurance Plan)', the 'Pennsylvania Insurance Plan' label is not used on the plan's current site; the correct names are 'Insurance Placement Facility of Pennsylvania' / 'Pennsylvania FAIR Plan'.)" }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.pafairplan.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.pafairplan.com/", "coverage_page": "https://www.pafairplan.com/Page?pageid=coverage" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.pafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Insurance Placement Facility of Pennsylvania", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Official website pafairplan.com confirmed resolving and is the plan's own site (lists the plan's Philadelphia address, phone, board structure, and policy forms). Cross-confirmed on the Iowa FAIR Plan directory of all state FAIR Plan sites. Has an 'Electronic Application' online service for producers. (The Pennsylvania FAIR Plan and the West Virginia Essential Property Insurance Association share the same Philadelphia administrative address, 190 N. Independence Mall West, Suite 301, i.e. are administered by the same servicing organization.)" }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Dwelling policies use ISO Dwelling Property forms: DP 00 01 (Basic Form, fire, lightning, internal explosion) and DP 00 02 (Broad Form, broader named perils). Additional/optional coverages available: windstorm or hail, smoke, riot or civil commotion, vehicles, aircraft, volcanic action, and Vandalism or Malicious Mischief. Residential burglary/robbery coverage available via a separate CR-103-FP form. Commercial policies use the Standard Property Policy (CP 00 99) with perils including fire, lightning, explosion, windstorm/hail, smoke, aircraft/vehicles, riot/civil commotion, sinkhole collapse, volcanic action, vandalism, and (commercial only) sprinkler leakage. No liability coverage is available through the Pennsylvania FAIR Plan. Does NOT include flood.", "value_json": { "dwelling_forms": [ "DP 00 01 Basic Form", "DP 00 02 Broad Form" ], "commercial_form": "Standard Property Policy CP 00 99", "burglary_robbery_forms": [ "CR-103-FP (residential)", "CC-203-FP (commercial)" ], "optional_extended_coverage": [ "windstorm/hail", "smoke", "riot/civil commotion", "vehicles", "aircraft", "volcanic action" ], "optional_endorsements": [ "vandalism or malicious mischief", "sprinkler leakage (commercial only)", "sinkhole collapse (commercial only)" ], "liability_available": false, "exclusions": [ "flood", "liability", "farm property", "manufacturing risks" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.pafairplan.com/Page?pageid=coverage", "source_name": "Insurance Placement Facility of Pennsylvania: Coverage page", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Policy forms and optional coverages confirmed from the plan's own Coverage page (DP-0001 Basic, DP-0002 Broad; CP-0099 Standard Property; CR-103-FP / CC-203-FP burglary-robbery; optional windstorm/hail, smoke, riot, vehicles/aircraft/volcanic action, vandalism, and commercial-only sinkhole/sprinkler leakage). 'Only very basic property insurance may be written through the Pennsylvania FAIR Plan; no liability coverage is available' corroborated by multiple secondary sources. Settlement basis (ACV vs replacement cost) for the DP forms not separately confirmed here, DP 00 01 Basic Form is typically ACV; verify against the plan's rules/rate manual." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "Combined building + contents limit for occupied one-to-four-family dwellings: $500,000. Vacant or unoccupied buildings: $335,000 combined building + contents. (These are combined limits, not separate dwelling and contents caps.)", "value_json": { "occupied_1_4_family_combined_building_and_contents_usd": 500000, "vacant_or_unoccupied_combined_usd": 335000, "basis": "combined building + contents limit", "currency": "USD" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.pafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Insurance Placement Facility of Pennsylvania", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Limits ($500,000 combined for occupied 1-4 family dwellings; $335,000 combined for vacant/unoccupied buildings) sourced from secondary references citing Pennsylvania FAIR Plan documentation; consistent with the plan being aimed at older urban housing stock in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh rather than high-value homes. Not independently re-confirmed against the plan's current Rules-and-Rates Manual PDF (downloadable from pafairplan.com), pull that to confirm before publishing the exact figures. GATING before treating this row as high confidence: pull the PA FAIR Plan Rules-and-Rates Manual PDF from pafairplan.com to confirm the $500K-occupied / $335K-vacant combined limits and the ACV-vs-replacement-cost settlement basis for DP 00 01 (the public coverage page lists no dollar amounts; the identical limits in de.json from the same Philadelphia servicing org are consistent but not independent confirmation). Per data-verifier-Wave-17 (2026-05-16): needs_rescan: true added so this is queued for the next data-hygiene pass." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "typical", "value_json": { "status": "typical" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.pafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Insurance Placement Facility of Pennsylvania", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Pennsylvania FAIR Plan policies are narrower than standard homeowners, basic/broad dwelling property forms, no liability, theft only via a separate burglary-robbery form. Brokers commonly pair a FAIR Plan dwelling policy with a separate personal-liability policy. No formal named DIC/wrap product found; treat 'typical' as soft." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Available to any person with an insurable interest in real or tangible personal property located in Pennsylvania who has been unable to secure basic property insurance from the voluntary (admitted) market. The property is subject to inspection and must meet the plan's eligibility and condition standards (insurability, fire-safety). Farm and manufacturing risks are not eligible. The plan does not publish a fixed numeric 'declined by N carriers' test on its public pages, eligibility turns on a good-faith inability to obtain coverage in the voluntary market.", "value_json": { "rule": "insurable interest + unable to obtain basic property insurance in the voluntary market; meets condition/fire-safety standards", "declinations_required": null, "property_inspection": true, "excluded_property_types": [ "farm property", "manufacturing risks" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.pafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Insurance Placement Facility of Pennsylvania", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Eligibility standard ('insurable interest ... unable to secure such insurance from the voluntary insurance market') quoted from the plan's own site and the Pennsylvania FAIR Plan Act (Act 233 of 1968). A specific declination count was not found on the public site; confirm against the plan's Plan of Operation. Property-inspection requirement is standard for the plan." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through a licensed Pennsylvania insurance producer/agent, the FAIR Plan does not sell directly to consumers; an agent submits the application (the plan offers an 'Electronic Application' online service for producers). Contact: Insurance Placement Facility of Pennsylvania, 190 N. Independence Mall West, Suite 301, Philadelphia, PA 19106-1554; phone (215) 629-8800; fax (215) 409-9100; hours Mon-Fri 8:00 AM-4:00 PM ET.", "value_json": { "channel": "licensed PA insurance producer/agent", "online_service": "Electronic Application (producer portal)", "address": "190 N. Independence Mall West, Suite 301, Philadelphia, PA 19106-1554", "phone": "215-629-8800", "plan_url": "https://www.pafairplan.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.pafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Insurance Placement Facility of Pennsylvania", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Contact details, Philadelphia address, and 'How to Apply' / 'Electronic Application' references confirmed from the plan's own website." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market for narrower coverage (basic/broad dwelling property forms, no liability). A last resort for properties the voluntary market won't write, chiefly older urban housing stock in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, not a price-competition fallback. Pennsylvania homeowners overall saw a roughly 44% increase in premiums from 2021 to 2024, the fourth-sharpest rise in the country over that span per the Consumer Federation of America's April 2025 'Overburdened' report (driven by severe storms, wind/hail and flood losses, and inflation), which can narrow the gap between FAIR Plan and standard-market pricing in some areas.", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, narrower coverage; no liability; last resort for older urban housing stock", "statewide_premium_increase_2021_to_2024_pct": 44, "cfa_rank_among_states": 4 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://consumerfed.org/press_release/new-report-finds-american-homeowners-faced-24-increase-in-homeowners-insurance-premiums-over-the-past-three-years/", "source_name": "Consumer Federation of America, 'Overburdened: The Dramatic Increase in Homeowners Insurance' (April 2025) / Insurance Placement Facility of Pennsylvania (pafairplan.com)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-13", "notes": "44% sourcing resolved 2026-05-13: the CFA April-2025 'Overburdened' report quantifies PA homeowners-premium growth at 44% over 2021–2024, the fourth-sharpest in the country after UT (59%), IL (50%), and AZ (48%); period corrected from the prior 'three years to 2025' wording. Primary source: CFA press release (https://consumerfed.org/press_release/new-report-finds-american-homeowners-faced-24-increase-in-homeowners-insurance-premiums-over-the-past-three-years/) and full PDF (https://consumerfed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/OverburdenedReport.pdf). The general FAIR-Plan positioning ('more expensive, narrower coverage') is from pafairplan.com. No PA FAIR Plan vs standard-market premium comparison found in primary sources." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Pennsylvania FAIR Plan habitational policies ~8,982 / total exposure ~$1.33 billion per Insurance Information Institute FY2024 reporting (figures may lag a fiscal year). No specific Pennsylvania FAIR Plan rate filing or major structural change identified in public sources during this research. Broader market context: Pennsylvania homeowners premiums rose ~44% from 2021 to 2024 (Consumer Federation of America, April 2025); the Pennsylvania Insurance Department blocked ~$210M in requested annual property/casualty premium increases in H1 2025 (~$227M over full-year 2025) through its rate-review process; carriers are increasingly imposing high (sometimes >20%) wind/hail and severe-weather deductibles, and business is shifting toward surplus-lines/wholesale markets, all of which tends to push more older urban properties toward the FAIR Plan over time.", "value_json": { "habitational_policies_fy2024_approx": 8982, "exposure_fy2024_approx_usd": 1327698000, "statewide_premium_increase_2021_to_2024_pct": 44, "pa_doi_blocked_pc_increases_2025_approx_usd": 227000000, "fair_plan_rate_filing": "none identified in public sources during this research", "commercial_policies_approx": 984, "total_policies_approx": 9966, "current_commissioner": { "name": "Michael Humphreys", "title": "Insurance Commissioner", "confirmed_date": "2023-06-27", "predecessor": "Jessica Altman (resigned 2022-02-25 to become CEO of Covered California)", "source_url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/insurance/about-us/meet-the-commissioner", "source_name": "Pennsylvania Insurance Department - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 11, "label": "11" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 12, "label": "12" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Pennsylvania billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/PA", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/insurance-provided-by-fair-plans-by-state-fiscal-year-2024-1", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute (Fact Book, FY2024 reporting) / Consumer Federation of America (Overburdened report, April 2025)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "Policy count / exposure from the III FAIR-Plan-by-state table. Statewide-premium-trend figure (44% over 2021–2024) sourced 2026-05-13 to the CFA April-2025 'Overburdened' report, see premium_positioning row for the primary URL. PA Insurance Department rate-review figures from PA Insurance Department newsroom releases (2025) and secondary reporting. No FAIR-Plan-specific rate filing, policy-count trend, or legislation found, needs a manual check of PA Insurance Department filings before publishing any FAIR-Plan-specific narrative. III FY2024: 8,982 habitational + 984 commercial = ~9,966 total / ~$1.33B exposure." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "For owner-occupied residential property, termination of homeowner / dwelling-fire policies is restricted by the Unfair Insurance Practices Act (Act of July 22, 1974, P.L. 589, No. 205; 40 P.S. §§ 1171.1-1171.15, esp. § 1171.5) and its implementing regulation, 31 Pa. Code Chapter 59. Cancellation or non-renewal of an owner-occupied residential policy requires at least 30 days' advance written notice to the named insured, except that 15 days' notice applies for non-payment of premium or material misrepresentation affecting insurability. Cancellation/non-renewal notices must state the legal and factual reasons and must be on a form approved by the Insurance Commissioner; the notice must also advise the insured of the possible availability of coverage under the Pennsylvania FAIR Plan. Pennsylvania does not have a standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium of the California/Florida type.", "value_json": { "statute": "Unfair Insurance Practices Act, Act of July 22, 1974, P.L. 589, No. 205; 40 P.S. §§ 1171.1-1171.15 (esp. § 1171.5); regs at 31 Pa. Code Ch. 59 (esp. § 59.6)", "nonrenewal_notice_days": 30, "cancellation_notice_days_general": 30, "cancellation_notice_days_nonpayment_or_misrep": 15, "fair_plan_availability_notice_required": true, "post_disaster_moratorium": "none standing" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.pacodeandbulletin.gov/Display/pacode?file=/secure/pacode/data/031/chapter59/s59.6.html", "source_name": "31 Pa. Code § 59.6 (Pennsylvania Code & Bulletin)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-20", "notes": "Per primary-source verification 2026-05-15 of 31 Pa. Code § 59.6 (pacodeandbulletin.gov): notice period CORRECTED from 60 days to 30 days. Direct statute quote: 'The date, not less than 30 days after the date of delivery or mailing, on which such cancellation or refusal to renew is to become effective shall be clearly indicated.' Confidence upgraded medium → high. Prior 60-day value was sourced to secondary summaries (a secondary aggregator, agency guides) that conflated the 60-day-in-force protection threshold with the notice period itself. Critical YMYL fix — overstating the notice period would mislead PA homeowners by 2× about the timeline they have to find replacement coverage. Per data-verifier-Wave-17 (2026-05-16): Pennsylvania Act 62 of 2024 (P.L. 744, eff. 2025-01-13) REPEALED a portion of 40 P.S. § 1171.5 — the repeal is about insurance inducements/rebates, NOT the notice-period provisions, so the 30-day value remains correct. needs_rescan: true to manually confirm exactly which subsection was repealed and whether downstream regs were updated." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "No wholesale homeowners market exit by a major named carrier confirmed for Pennsylvania as of May 2026. Market reporting indicates standard carriers have slowed or limited new business in higher-risk areas (more high wind/hail and severe-weather deductibles, tighter underwriting), with business shifting toward surplus-lines and wholesale markets and away from smaller regional carriers, but no specific dated 'pulling out of Pennsylvania' announcement from a named insurer was verified.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": null, "action": "no confirmed major-carrier PA homeowners market exit as of May 2026; broad-based tightening of underwriting / shift to surplus lines reported", "date": "2023-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/insurance/posted-filings-reports-company-orders/insurance-company-orders", "source_name": "Pennsylvania Insurance Department (Company Orders, pa.gov portal; formerly insurance.pa.gov)", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-20", "notes": "No specific named-carrier withdrawal verified for Pennsylvania. The 'tightening / shift to surplus lines' characterization is from secondary market-trend reporting (2025), not a primary regulatory filing. Per data-verifier-Wave-17 (2026-05-16): source_url moved from pafairplan.com (plan homepage, which says nothing about carrier exits) to PID's Industry Activity page (the primary surface for PID-tracked market changes); needs_rescan: true to manually check the latest PID market reports before naming any carrier." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/insurance/consumer-help-center/learn-about-insurance/homeowners", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/insurance/consumer-help-center/learn-about-insurance/homeowners", "regulator": "Pennsylvania Insurance Department", "main_site": "https://www.insurance.pa.gov/", "consumer_line": "1-877-881-6388" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/insurance/consumer-help-center/learn-about-insurance/homeowners", "source_name": "Pennsylvania Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Pennsylvania Insurance Department homeowners consumer page confirmed via search; the department also maintains a legacy URL at insurance.pa.gov/Coverage/homeowners/Pages/Homeowners.aspx. Toll-free automated consumer line 1-877-881-6388." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "Pennsylvania FAIR Plan Act, Act of July 31, 1968, P.L. 738, No. 233 (Act 233 of 1968), codified at 40 P.S. § 1600.101 et seq. (esp. 40 P.S. § 1600.202). Plan commenced operating October 28, 1968.", "value_json": { "citation": "Pennsylvania FAIR Plan Act, 40 P.S. § 1600.101 et seq. (Act 233 of 1968)", "act": "Act of July 31, 1968, P.L. 738, No. 233", "operations_began": "1968-10-28" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.palegis.us/statutes/unconsolidated/law-information?sessYr=1968&sessInd=0&actNum=233", "source_name": "Pennsylvania General Assembly: Act 233 of 1968 (Pennsylvania FAIR Plan Act)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Enabling act confirmed: 'Act 233 of the General Assembly of Pennsylvania, which became effective August 1, 1968' (per the plan's own site), codified in Title 40 P.S. (Insurance) at § 1600.101 et seq.; § 1600.202 addresses basic property insurance / the placement facility. Plan operations began October 28, 1968. Per data-verifier-Wave-17 (2026-05-16): source_url updated — PA General Assembly migrated URLs from legis.state.pa.us to palegis.us (the old PDF path 301-redirects but the canonical landing page is the act-information page above)." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "The Insurance Placement Facility of Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania FAIR Plan) is a not-for-profit association of all property insurers licensed in Pennsylvania, governed by a board elected by member companies and overseen by the Pennsylvania Insurance Department. It is funded by premiums plus assessments on member insurers in proportion to their Pennsylvania property-insurance market share; no federal/state/local funds support it. It exists primarily for older urban housing stock (Philadelphia, Pittsburgh) and other properties the voluntary market won't write; coverage is deliberately limited (basic/broad dwelling property forms, no liability). Administered out of Philadelphia; the same servicing organization administers the West Virginia Essential Property Insurance Association (same Philadelphia address).", "value_json": { "funding": "premium + member-insurer assessments; no public funds", "structure": "not-for-profit association of all PA-licensed property insurers; board elected by members; overseen by PA Insurance Department", "primary_use": "older urban housing stock (Philadelphia, Pittsburgh); properties the voluntary market won't write", "administration_note": "administered out of Philadelphia; shares servicing organization / address with the West Virginia Essential Property Insurance Association" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.pafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Insurance Placement Facility of Pennsylvania", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Structure, funding, and Philadelphia administration confirmed from the plan's own site. The shared address with the WV FAIR Plan (190 N. Independence Mall West, Suite 301, Philadelphia) is confirmed by comparing pafairplan.com and wvfairplan.com contact pages." } ] }, { "code": "RI", "name": "Rhode Island", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/rhode-island-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.rijra.com/", "source_name": "Rhode Island Joint Reinsurance Association (RIJRA)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Rhode Island's FAIR Plan is the Rhode Island Joint Reinsurance Association (RIJRA). Established under the Federal Urban Property Protection and Reinsurance Act of 1968 and Rhode Island General Laws Title 27, Chapter 27-33. Governed by regulation 230-RICR-20-05-11 (RI DBR). Confirmed as active via RIJRA official site rijra.com." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Rhode Island Joint Reinsurance Association (RIJRA / Rhode Island FAIR Plan)", "value_json": { "name": "Rhode Island Joint Reinsurance Association", "abbreviation": "RIJRA", "common_name": "Rhode Island FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.rijra.com/about-us/", "source_name": "Rhode Island Joint Reinsurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Official name confirmed on rijra.com. The website was previously reported under the URL rifairplan.com -- the correct URL is rijra.com." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.rijra.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.rijra.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.rijra.com/", "source_name": "Rhode Island Joint Reinsurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Confirmed live at rijra.com. NOTE: the older URL rifairplan.com was not verified at compile time. MPIUA administration contact: 877-221-1782. Insured portal: insuredportal.rijra.com." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "RIJRA offers three program lines. (1) Dwelling Fire: three ISO forms (DP 00 01 basic named-peril; DP 00 02 broad form; DP 00 03 special form, open-perils on Coverage A and B). Optional dwelling liability coverage (DL-1). (2) Homeowners: multiple ISO forms -- HO 00 02, 03, 05, 08 (owner-occupied 1-4 units), HO 00 04 (tenants), HO 00 06 (condo unit owners). Broader homeowners forms include liability coverage (Coverage E up to K-K). (3) Commercial Property (CP 00 99): for commercial buildings including 5+ apartment units. Flood is not covered by any RIJRA policy.", "value_json": { "programs": [ { "name": "Dwelling Fire", "forms": [ "DP 00 01 (basic; fire, lightning, internal explosion)", "DP 00 02 (broad)", "DP 00 03 (special; open-perils on Coverage A and B)" ], "optional": "dwelling liability coverage (DL-1)" }, { "name": "Homeowners", "forms": [ "HO 00 02", "HO 00 03", "HO 00 05", "HO 00 08", "HO 00 04 (tenants)", "HO 00 06 (condo)" ], "coverage_e_liability": ",000-,000", "coverage_f_medical": ",000-,000" }, { "name": "Commercial Property", "form": "CP 00 99", "eligible": "commercial buildings incl. 5+ apt units" } ], "exclusions": [ "flood" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.rijra.com/producers/", "source_name": "Rhode Island Joint Reinsurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Forms and program structure confirmed on rijra.com/producers/. ISO form numbers verified. RI regulation 230-RICR-20-05-11 confirms DP-2/DP-3 dwelling forms and homeowners packages. A windstorm limitation notice is posted on the RIJRA homepage." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "Dwelling Fire program: Building Coverage up to $1,250,000 per RIJRA Producer Operations Manual (April 2025 edition, page 19, Limits of Liability table). Homeowners program: Coverage A (dwelling) $25,000-$1,000,000. Commercial: frame construction up to $250,000; masonry/fire-resistive up to $500,000 (contents up to $250,000).", "value_json": { "dwelling_fire_max": 1250000, "dwelling_fire_max_prior_filed": 750000, "homeowners_coverage_a_min": 25000, "homeowners_coverage_a_max": 1000000, "commercial_frame_max": 250000, "commercial_masonry_max": 500000, "commercial_contents_max": 250000, "currency": "USD" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.rijra.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/RI-Producer-Manual-0425-1.pdf", "source_name": "RIJRA Producer's Operations Manual (April 2025 edition, p. 19)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-138 (2026-05-15): MATERIAL correction. Prior $750,000 figure was wrong — the RIJRA Producer Manual (April 2025, p. 19, Limits of Liability table) shows Building Coverage maximum = $1,250,000 for all Dwelling forms. Understatement of $500,000 was material for any homeowner evaluating RIJRA as a coverage option. Homeowners Coverage A ($25K-$1M) and commercial figures unchanged." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "typical", "value_json": { "status": "typical" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.rijra.com/", "source_name": "Rhode Island Joint Reinsurance Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "RIJRA offers full homeowners packages (HO-3, HO-5) with liability, so a DIC/wrap is less critical than for fire-only FAIR Plans. For Dwelling Fire policyholders who lack liability coverage, brokers commonly pair a separate liability policy. No named DIC product marketed alongside RIJRA was identified." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Available to applicants with an insurable interest in Rhode Island property who are unable to obtain coverage through the voluntary/standard market and who meet 'reasonable underwriting standards.' Coverage is provided 'without consideration of environmental conditions associated with the property's location.' Properties may be declined for: poor condition, arson history, 65%+ vacancy without approved rehabilitation, outstanding demolition or vacate orders, delinquent taxes (1+ year), or unpaid insurance premiums. No fixed numeric declination count is published.", "value_json": { "rule": "insurable interest in RI property + unable to obtain in standard market + meets underwriting standards", "grounds_for_declination": [ "poor property condition", "arson history/conviction", "65%+ vacancy without rehab plan", "demolition/vacate orders", "1+ year delinquent taxes", "unpaid prior insurance premiums" ], "environment_condition_restriction": "none -- location environmental conditions cannot be used to deny coverage", "numeric_declination_count": "not published" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://rules.sos.ri.gov/regulations/part/230-20-05-11", "source_name": "Rhode Island Code of Regulations 230-RICR-20-05-11", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Eligibility conditions from RI regulation 230-RICR-20-05-11 (Basic Property Insurance Inspection and Placement Program). Confirmed via RIJRA about-us page." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through a licensed Rhode Island insurance producer/agent. The RIJRA does not sell directly to consumers. Agents submit applications (ACORD 66 RI or 64 RI application forms required). Provisional coverage binds automatically within 20 days if the Association has not yet completed the coverage determination, pending property inspection and full premium payment. An online insured portal (insuredportal.rijra.com) and claims portal (apps.rijra.com/lossnotice) are also available.", "value_json": { "channel": "licensed RI insurance producer/agent", "application_forms": [ "ACORD 66 RI", "ACORD 64 RI" ], "provisional_coverage": "auto-binders at 20 days if determination is not complete", "insured_portal": "https://insuredportal.rijra.com", "claims_portal": "https://apps.rijra.com/lossnotice" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.rijra.com/producers/", "source_name": "Rhode Island Joint Reinsurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Application forms and provisional coverage from RI regulation 230-RICR-20-05-11. Portals from rijra.com." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market for comparable coverage. RIJRA states on its own About page that the plan holds approximately 4% of the Rhode Island homeowners insurance market (early 2026), trending downward -- a sign the private market is healthy. A homeowners policy program rate revision was filed effective September 15, 2025 (subject to RI DBR approval).", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive than standard market", "market_share_approx_pct": 4, "market_share_trend": "declining (positive sign)", "rate_revision_effective": "2025-09-15" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.rijra.com/about-us/", "source_name": "RIJRA About page", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-21 (2026-05-16) P0-4: removed 'two-year ban on rate increase filings (mid-2024)' and 'ban lifts March 2026' claims -- unverifiable against any RI DBR docket, bill, or press release; RIJRA's September 2025 rate revision is inconsistent with a ban running at that point. Also removed '18% rate increase' (same unverifiable source). source_url moved from Commonwealth Beacon (the Beacon article is about Massachusetts and mentions RI only in a single sentence -- it does not source the 4% market share) to RIJRA's own About page, which is where the 4% figure actually lives. needs_rescan: true to find a primary source for any rate-trend narrative before promoting confidence." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "FAIR Plan habitational policies approximately 16,029 / total exposure approximately $6.14 billion per Insurance Information Institute FY2024 reporting (may reflect slightly earlier fiscal year). New bill payment portal launched 2026-01-20 (via Invoice Cloud) with AutoPay and paperless billing. A new Insured Portal (insuredportal.rijra.com) provides policyholders online access to documents and payments. A homeowners policy program rate revision was filed effective 2025-09-15. NOTE: a prior claim of 'a two-year moratorium on rate increase filings (mid-2024); that moratorium lifts March 2026' attributed to Commonwealth Beacon could not be confirmed against a primary source (the Commonwealth Beacon article is about Massachusetts and mentions RI only in a single comparative sentence); removed pending re-verification. The 'largest single-year jump in enrollees in 20 years' claim is also unsourced and removed.", "value_json": { "habitational_policies_fy2024_approx": 16029, "exposure_fy2024_approx_usd": 6138905000, "payment_portal_launch": "2026-01-20", "rate_revision_effective": "2025-09-15", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Elizabeth Kelleher Dwyer", "title": "Director and Superintendent of Insurance", "confirmed_date": "2023-05", "predecessor": "Elizabeth Tanner (departed late 2022 to lead Rhode Island Commerce Corp; Dwyer served as Interim Director before nomination; Dwyer had been DBR Superintendent of Insurance since 2016)", "source_url": "https://dbr.ri.gov/people/elizabeth-kelleher-dwyer-esq-0", "source_name": "Rhode Island Department of Business Regulation - Insurance" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 1, "label": "1" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Rhode Island billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/RI", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/insurance-provided-by-fair-plans-by-state-fiscal-year-2024-1", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute (Fact Book, FY2024) / RIJRA", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "Policy count/exposure from III FY2024. New enrollee surge and rate moratorium from Commonwealth Beacon. Portal launch from rijra.com. September 2025 rate revision confirmed by URL existence on rijra.com (PDF content not readable at compile time)." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Rhode Island has TWO different non-renewal notice periods depending on the carrier: (1) Voluntary-market carriers: R.I. Gen. Laws 27-29-17.2 requires at least 60 days' written notice before policy expiration. (2) RIJRA (the FAIR Plan): per its own Producer's Operations Manual (April 2025, page 62), at least 45 days' notice prior to expiration for Homeowner and Dwelling policies. New policies (not renewals) in first 60 days: 30 days notice. RIJRA must provide 30 days advance written notice of any coverage reductions, eliminations, or increased deductibles not requested by the insured. Rhode Island does not have a standing post-hurricane non-renewal moratorium.", "value_json": { "voluntary_market_statute": "R.I. Gen. Laws 27-29-17.2 (60 days)", "voluntary_market_nonrenewal_notice_days": 60, "rijra_nonrenewal_notice_days": 45, "rijra_source": "RIJRA Producer's Operations Manual (April 2025, p. 62, 'NON-RENEWAL NOTICE')", "rijra_cancellation_notice_days": 30, "new_policy_cancellation_notice_days": 30, "coverage_reduction_notice_days": 30, "rijra_notice_period_resolution": "230-RICR-20-05-11.12 sets the regulatory FLOOR at 30 days for cancellation or non-renewal; RIJRA's filed Plan of Operation + Producer's Operations Manual (April 2025 p. 62) specify 45 days for Homeowner and Dwelling policies. RIJRA's own filing is binding on RIJRA's actual practice -- 45 days is what RIJRA sends. 30 days is the absolute regulatory minimum a residual-market plan may not drop below. A non-renewed RIJRA homeowner / dwelling-fire policyholder receives 45 days written notice in practice.", "post_disaster_moratorium": "RI Insurance Division has discretionary authority under 230-RICR-20-05-13 to suspend cancellations and non-renewals for up to 90 days following an ISO catastrophe designation; the same regulation prohibits non-renewal solely because of a catastrophe loss. No standing/automatic moratorium, but the regulatory mechanism exists and has been used" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://www.rijra.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/RI-Producer-Manual-0425-1.pdf", "source_name": "RIJRA Producer's Operations Manual (April 2025) + R.I. Gen. Laws 27-29-17.2 (voluntary market) + 230-RICR-20-05-11.12 + 230-RICR-20-05-13 (post-catastrophe regulation)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Per data-verifier-138 (2026-05-15): CRITICAL L16b correction. Prior value collapsed two separate rules. R.I. Gen. Laws 27-29-17.2 is VOLUNTARY-MARKET (60 days); RIJRA operates under its own Plan of Operation; Producer Manual (April 2025, p. 62) specifies 45 days for Homeowner and Dwelling policies. Per data-verifier-Wave-21 (2026-05-16) P0-1: 230-RICR-20-05-11.12 (filed regulation) says 30 days for cancellation or non-renewal. Per session best-judgment ruling (2026-05-16 ~16:30 PDT): the conflict is RESOLVED -- 230-RICR-20-05-11.12 sets the regulatory floor (30 days minimum), and RIJRA's own filed Plan of Operation + Producer Manual specify 45 days as RIJRA's binding actual practice for Homeowner and Dwelling policies. Both are correct in their own scope; what a non-renewed RIJRA homeowner / dwelling-fire policyholder actually receives is 45 days. Per Wave-21 P0-2: post_disaster_moratorium was 'none standing' (misleading on a coastal YMYL page). Regulation 230-RICR-20-05-13 grants RI Insurance Division discretionary 90-day suspension authority after an ISO catastrophe designation AND prohibits non-renewal solely on a catastrophe loss -- the mechanism exists and has been used. Confidence promoted to high after the 45-vs-30 conflict resolution." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Rhode Island has seen modest carrier-market tightening, particularly on coastal/hurricane-exposed properties on Aquidneck Island, South County beaches, and other waterfront areas, but has not experienced the wholesale exits seen in CA, FL, or LA. The FAIR Plan's declining market share (to approximately 4% in early 2026) suggests the private market remains functional for most RI properties. No major national carrier announced a full RI homeowners exit as of early 2026.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": null, "action": "no confirmed full-state RI homeowners exit as of early 2026; coastal tightening in hurricane-exposed areas", "date": "2020-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dbr.ri.gov/insurance/consumers", "source_name": "Rhode Island Department of Business Regulation, Insurance Division", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No specific named-carrier action verified. Declining FAIR Plan market share from Commonwealth Beacon. Needs manual check before naming any carrier." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://dbr.ri.gov/insurance/consumers", "value_json": { "url": "https://dbr.ri.gov/insurance/consumers", "regulator": "Rhode Island Department of Business Regulation, Insurance Division" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dbr.ri.gov/", "source_name": "Rhode Island Department of Business Regulation", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "DBR is Rhode Island insurance regulator. Annual statements from RIJRA are published at dbr.ri.gov financial information section." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "R.I. Gen. Laws Title 27, Chapter 27-33 (Rhode Island Joint Reinsurance Association); 230-RICR-20-05-11 (Basic Property Insurance Inspection and Placement Program -- operational regulations); R.I. Gen. Laws 27-29-17.2 (non-renewal notice).", "value_json": { "fair_plan_statute": "R.I. Gen. Laws Title 27, Ch. 27-33", "operational_regulation": "230-RICR-20-05-11", "nonrenewal_statute": "R.I. Gen. Laws 27-29-17.2" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://rules.sos.ri.gov/regulations/part/230-20-05-11", "source_name": "Rhode Island Code of Regulations / Rhode Island General Laws", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Statutory citation confirmed by RIJRA about-us page and RI DBR regulation page." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "RIJRA is funded by premiums plus assessments on all member insurers (all admitted RI property insurers proportional to market share); no government funds support it. It operates under a reinsurance pool model. Properties are eligible for coverage 'without consideration of environmental conditions associated with the property's location' -- meaning location in a flood zone or coastal area cannot alone disqualify a property. Appeal rights: applicants may appeal a denial to the Governing Committee within 15 days, then to the Commissioner within 30 days. Dwelling Fire deductible options: , , , ,000, ,500. Minimum dwelling fire premium: . Minimum commercial premium: .", "value_json": { "funding": "premiums + all-member proportional assessments; no government funds", "structure": "reinsurance pool", "environmental_location_bar": "none -- location in flood zone or coastal area cannot alone disqualify", "appeal_rights": "15 days to Governing Committee; 30 days further to Commissioner", "dwelling_fire_deductibles_usd": [ 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2500 ], "min_dwelling_fire_premium_usd": 50, "min_commercial_premium_usd": 100 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://rules.sos.ri.gov/regulations/part/230-20-05-11", "source_name": "Rhode Island Code of Regulations 230-RICR-20-05-11", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Deductibles, minimum premiums, and appeal rights from RI regulation 230-RICR-20-05-11. Environmental-location rule from RIJRA about-us page." } ] }, { "code": "SC", "name": "South Carolina", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/south-carolina-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "no -- South Carolina has no separate inland 'FAIR Plan'. Its only residual-market property mechanism is the coastal South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association (SCWHUA / 'the Wind Pool'), which covers WIND and HAIL only, in Beaufort, Charleston, Colleton, Georgetown and Horry counties. 'The South Carolina FAIR Plan' is a colloquial name for SCWHUA itself. For a hard-to-insure inland (non-coastal) home there is no FAIR Plan; the route is the SC Department of Insurance's free Insurance Locator program (doi.sc.gov/599) and then the excess & surplus (E&S) / surplus-lines market.", "value_json": { "status": "no", "residential_fair_plan_separate_inland": false, "coastal_wind_pool": { "name": "South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association", "abbr": "SCWHUA", "common_name": "the Wind Pool", "url": "https://www.scwind.com/", "scope": "wind and hail only", "counties": [ "Beaufort", "Charleston", "Colleton", "Georgetown", "Horry" ], "residential_max_usd": 1300000, "commercial_max_usd": 2500000 }, "mechanisms": [ { "name": "South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association", "abbreviation": "SCWHUA", "common_name": "the Wind Pool (informally 'the South Carolina FAIR Plan')", "focus": "wind and hail only -- coastal counties only (Beaufort, Charleston, Colleton, Georgetown, Horry)" } ], "inland_fallback": [ "standard/admitted market via the SC DOI Insurance Locator program", "excess & surplus (E&S) / surplus-lines carriers" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/insurance-provided-by-fair-plans-by-state-fiscal-year-2024-1", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute -- Insurance Provided By FAIR Plans By State, FY2024", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "The III FAIR-Plans-by-state table (sourced from PIPSO) does NOT list South Carolina (nor Alabama) -- consistent with SC being a coastal-wind-pool-only state with no separate inland FAIR Plan. The Iowa FAIR Plan Association's directory of 'FAIR Plan Web Sites' lists South Carolina's entry as 'South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association' at scwind.com -- i.e. the wind pool IS what is meant by 'SC FAIR Plan'. PIPSO's member list shows 'South Carolina Wind & Hail Underwriting Association' (not a separate 'South Carolina FAIR Plan'). S.C. Code Title 38, Chapter 75 ('Property, Casualty, and Title Insurance Generally') establishes only SCWHUA (38-75-310 et seq.) -- it contains no FAIR Plan / Fair-Access-to-Insurance-Requirements article. The SC DOI Wind Pool FAQ (doi.sc.gov/faq.aspx?TID=19) and the SC DOI Homeowners Insurance page mention only the Wind Pool, the Insurance Locator program and surplus lines -- no FAIR Plan. CORRECTION: the prior compact sc.json asserted SC has 'a separate inland SC FAIR Plan' with an 'unidentified administrator' -- that is not supported; no such plan exists." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association (SCWHUA), commonly 'the Wind Pool'. (No separately named inland FAIR Plan exists; 'the South Carolina FAIR Plan' is an informal name for SCWHUA itself.)", "value_json": { "short": "South Carolina Wind Pool (SCWHUA)", "wind_pool": "South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association (SCWHUA)", "common_name": "the Wind Pool", "inland_fair_plan_name": null }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.scwind.com/about.html", "source_name": "South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "SCWHUA name confirmed on scwind.com About page ('often referred to as the Wind Pool'; created 1971 by the SC Legislature to make wind/hail coverage available in the coastal area). The SCWHUA 2025 Exposure & Reinsurance overview (Aon, eff. 2025-05-31) states plainly: 'SC Wind is the residual market for coastal property insurance in South Carolina.' No standalone 'South Carolina FAIR Plan' entity name appears in any primary source. `short` added 2026-05-14 mirroring the MS pattern — the long compound is the ledger record, the `short` is the headline form picked up by buildStatePageMeta for human-facing surfaces (AnswerBlock qualifier, HowTo step 4, Organization.legalName)." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.scwind.com/ (SCWHUA / the Wind Pool). There is no separate inland-FAIR-Plan website. For an inland (non-coastal) hard-to-insure home, contact the South Carolina Department of Insurance at doi.sc.gov -- in particular its free 'Insurance Locator' program (doi.sc.gov/599/Insurance-Locator).", "value_json": { "scwhua_url": "https://www.scwind.com/", "sc_doi_url": "https://doi.sc.gov/", "sc_doi_insurance_locator_url": "https://doi.sc.gov/599/Insurance-Locator", "sc_doi_wind_pool_faq_url": "https://doi.sc.gov/faq.aspx?TID=19", "inland_fair_plan_url": null }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.scwind.com/", "source_name": "South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "scwind.com confirmed live and is the URL the Iowa FAIR Plan directory lists for 'South Carolina'. SC DOI Insurance Locator page (doi.sc.gov/599/Insurance-Locator) confirmed. No separate 'South Carolina FAIR Plan' site exists -- searches for one return only the wind pool, third-party explainer/lead-gen pages, or the SC DOI." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "SCWHUA (the Wind Pool): a limited-peril policy covering direct loss from WIND and HAIL only -- it does NOT cover fire, theft, liability, water damage, or flood. Optional add-ons (post-Jan 1, 1995, at the insured's request): actual loss of business income, additional living expense, and fair-rental-value loss. Because SCWHUA is wind/hail-only, a coastal SC owner must also carry a separate 'ex-wind' homeowners/dwelling policy from an admitted carrier (for fire/theft/liability) and, if in a flood zone, an NFIP or private flood policy. For inland (non-coastal) SC there is no FAIR Plan to describe; a hard-to-insure inland home is written by the standard market or, failing that, by an E&S/surplus-lines carrier whose form and perils vary by carrier.", "value_json": { "scwhua_perils": [ "windstorm", "hail" ], "scwhua_optional": [ "actual loss of business income", "additional living expense", "fair rental value loss (post-1995-01-01, at insured's request)" ], "scwhua_exclusions": [ "fire", "theft", "liability", "water damage", "flood" ], "inland_fair_plan_perils": null, "inland_fallback_perils": "varies by E&S carrier" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.scwind.com/qanda.html", "source_name": "South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Wind/hail-only scope confirmed on scwind.com Q&A and About pages ('a limited peril policy protecting against losses arising out of wind and hail damage') and by S.C. Code 38-75-310(1), which defines 'essential property insurance' as 'insurance against direct loss to property as defined and limited in the wind and hail insurance policy and forms... and after January 1, 1995, at the request of the insured, coverage for: (a) actual loss of business income; (b) additional living expense; or (c) fair rental value loss.' No separate inland FAIR Plan exists." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "SCWHUA (the Wind Pool): up to $1,300,000 of protection (structure + contents + loss of use + increased cost of construction, combined) for personal/residential risks -- dwellings, mobile homes, townhouses and condo units; up to $2,500,000 (structure + contents + loss of business income) for commercial risks. There is no separate inland-FAIR-Plan dwelling cap because South Carolina has no separate inland FAIR Plan.", "value_json": { "scwhua_residential_max_usd": 1300000, "scwhua_commercial_max_usd": 2500000, "scwhua_residential_limit_includes": [ "structure", "contents", "loss of use", "increased cost of construction" ], "scwhua_commercial_limit_includes": [ "structure", "contents", "loss of business income" ], "currency": "USD", "inland_fair_plan_dwelling_cap_usd": null }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.scwind.com/about.html", "source_name": "South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "$1.3M residential / $2.5M commercial confirmed on scwind.com About page ('up to $1.3 million of protection (structure, contents, loss of use, increased cost of construction) for personal risks' and 'up to $2.5 million (structure, contents, loss of business income)' for commercial) and on the scwind.com Q&A page. No inland FAIR Plan cap exists." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "Required in practice for SCWHUA policyholders -- a wind-only SCWHUA policy must be paired with a separate 'ex-wind' homeowners/dwelling policy (fire, theft, liability) from an admitted carrier, plus an NFIP/private flood policy if the property is in a flood zone. There is no inland-FAIR-Plan 'wrap/DIC' construct in South Carolina because there is no inland FAIR Plan; an inland hard-to-insure home is written on a full (often broader) E&S form rather than wrapped over a narrow residual base policy.", "value_json": { "status": "required for SCWHUA policyholders", "scwhua_companion_policy": "separate ex-wind homeowners/dwelling policy (fire, theft, liability) + NFIP/private flood if in flood zone", "inland_wrap_dic": "n/a -- no inland FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.scwind.com/qanda.html", "source_name": "South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "SCWHUA wind/hail-only scope (hence the need for a companion fire/liability policy) confirmed on scwind.com. Standard coastal-SC practice." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "SCWHUA (the Wind Pool): the insured property must be in the statutorily defined coastal territory (Zone 1 or Zone 2 within Beaufort, Charleston, Colleton, Georgetown and Horry counties); the property must meet SCWHUA underwriting/condition standards (e.g. roof in good condition; building-code and federal-flood-zone compliance); and the applicant must be unable to obtain wind/hail coverage in the standard market. Any agent/broker holding a valid South Carolina insurance or broker license may submit -- no special SCWHUA appointment is required. There is no eligibility rule for an 'inland FAIR Plan' because none exists; an inland owner unable to get an admitted-market policy uses the SC DOI Insurance Locator and/or, via a licensed surplus-lines broker (after a diligent search of the admitted market), an approved non-admitted (E&S) insurer.", "value_json": { "scwhua_zones": [ "Zone 1 (closest to coast)", "Zone 2 (slightly inland coastal area)" ], "scwhua_counties": [ "Beaufort", "Charleston", "Colleton", "Georgetown", "Horry" ], "scwhua_conditions": [ "property in the statutorily defined coastal territory", "meets underwriting/condition standards (e.g. roof, building-code & federal-flood compliance)", "unable to obtain wind/hail coverage in the standard market" ], "scwhua_agent_requirement": "any SC-licensed agent/broker (no special SCWHUA appointment)", "inland_rule": "n/a -- no inland FAIR Plan; fallback is SC DOI Insurance Locator + (via licensed surplus-lines broker, after diligent search) approved non-admitted/E&S insurer" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.scwind.com/qanda.html", "source_name": "South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Zones, the five coastal counties, the no-special-appointment agent rule, building-code/flood-compliance requirements confirmed on scwind.com Q&A and About pages and by S.C. Code 38-75-310/38-75-340. The surplus-lines diligent-search requirement is from the SC DOI Surplus Lines pages (doi.sc.gov/575) and S.C. Code Title 38. No numeric 'declined by N carriers' test publicly stated for SCWHUA." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "SCWHUA (the Wind Pool): through any agent/broker holding a valid South Carolina insurance or broker license -- no special SCWHUA appointment required. Submit a completed, signed and dated application, property photos, and full payment of the annual premium; coverage is NOT bound until all three are received, after which a 15-day waiting period applies. An online eligibility check is at scwind.com/eligibilitycheck.asp. There is a flat $8 policy fee per policy and a 10% agent commission. For an inland (non-coastal) hard-to-insure home: contact the South Carolina Department of Insurance (doi.sc.gov) -- ask for the free 'Insurance Locator' program, which sends you a list of participating agents/companies in your area -- and/or work with a licensed agent who can place coverage with an approved surplus-lines (non-admitted) insurer after a diligent search of the admitted market. SC DOI consumer line: 1-800-768-3467 (1-803-737-6160 in Columbia).", "value_json": { "scwhua_channel": "any SC-licensed agent/broker (no special SCWHUA appointment)", "scwhua_requirements": [ "completed, signed & dated application", "property photos", "full annual premium upfront" ], "scwhua_binding": "not bound until application + photos + full premium received; then 15-day waiting period", "scwhua_eligibility_check_url": "https://www.scwind.com/eligibilitycheck.asp", "scwhua_policy_fee_usd": 8, "scwhua_agent_commission_pct": 10, "inland_channel": "SC DOI 'Insurance Locator' program (doi.sc.gov/599/Insurance-Locator) + licensed agent -> surplus-lines broker -> approved non-admitted/E&S insurer", "sc_doi_consumer_phone": "1-800-768-3467" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.scwind.com/qanda.html", "source_name": "South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Application requirements, 15-day waiting period, $8 policy fee, 10% commission, eligibility-check URL all confirmed on scwind.com Q&A. Insurance Locator program confirmed on doi.sc.gov/599/Insurance-Locator and the SC DOI Homeowners Insurance page. SC DOI consumer phone (1-800-768-3467) from doi.sc.gov contact page -- verify the exact current number before publishing." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "SCWHUA (the Wind Pool): typically more expensive than private-market wind coverage for many coastal risks, and it carries large hurricane percentage deductibles -- standard 2% of insured value in Zone 2 and 3% in Zone 1, with higher deductibles available for premium credits; the full annual premium must be paid upfront. As of 2024-2025 the SCWHUA book is shrinking (consumers are finding better deals in the admitted market), and coastal SC insureds saw improved pricing into 2025 renewals after a rate increase implemented June 1, 2024 driven by higher reinsurance costs. For an inland (non-coastal) hard-to-insure SC home there is no FAIR Plan benchmark -- such homes typically end up with a surplus-lines (E&S) carrier at a premium to the admitted market and often on narrower terms (higher wind/hail deductibles, ACV roof settlement).", "value_json": { "scwhua_positioning": "more expensive than private wind market for many coastal risks; large hurricane deductibles", "scwhua_deductible_zone1_pct": 3, "scwhua_deductible_zone2_pct": 2, "scwhua_higher_deductibles": "available for premium credits", "scwhua_payment": "full annual premium upfront", "scwhua_rate_increase_effective": "2024-06-01", "scwhua_2025_renewal_pricing": "improved vs 2024", "inland_positioning": "no FAIR Plan; surplus-lines fallback typically more expensive, narrower terms" }, "unit": "%", "source_url": "https://www.scwind.com/qanda.html", "source_name": "South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Hurricane deductibles (2% Zone 2 / 3% Zone 1) and upfront-premium requirement confirmed on scwind.com Q&A. June 2024 rate increase and improved 2025 pricing from the SC DOI Coastal Property Insurance Market status reports (2024/2025) -- confidence medium pending a direct read of the report text (the PDF did not render via fetch)." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "SCWHUA (the Wind Pool) is shrinking. Grand-total in-force policies were ~16,047 at April 30, 2024 and ~16,402 at January 31, 2025; total in-force insured limits ~$7.00 billion at April 30, 2024 and ~$7.11 billion at January 31, 2025; in-force premium ~$53.4 million at April 30, 2024 and ~$58.0 million at January 31, 2025 (Aon SCWHUA 2025 Exposure & Reinsurance overview, eff. May 31, 2025). The SC DOI's 2025 Coastal Property Insurance Market status report notes SCWHUA exposure fell about $346 million over the year, mid-term cancellations at the insured's request frequently exceed new submissions, and the count of condo associations in the pool fell from 20 (175 buildings) at Jan 31, 2025 to 7 (23 buildings) by Aug 1, 2025 -- those associations found cheaper wind coverage in the admitted market. A rate increase took effect June 1, 2024 (higher reinsurance costs); pricing improved into 2025 renewals. The SC DOI extended the expanded Wind Pool territory (the Zone 2 area, in the pool since 2007) most recently by order issued March 20, 2025, extending it to March 28, 2027 (the prior Order 2023-01, January 2023, had set expiry at March 28, 2025). South Carolina has no inland FAIR Plan, so there is no inland-FAIR-Plan policy-count series.", "value_json": { "scwhua_policies_in_force_2024_04_30": 16047, "scwhua_policies_in_force_2025_01_31": 16402, "scwhua_insured_limits_usd_2024_04_30": 7001384385, "scwhua_insured_limits_usd_2025_01_31": 7107444848, "scwhua_inforce_premium_usd_2024_04_30": 53428523, "scwhua_inforce_premium_usd_2025_01_31": 58005725, "scwhua_exposure_change_2025_usd_approx": -346000000, "scwhua_condo_assocs_2025_01_31": { "associations": 20, "buildings": 175 }, "scwhua_condo_assocs_2025_08_01": { "associations": 7, "buildings": 23 }, "scwhua_rate_increase_effective": "2024-06-01", "scwhua_2025_renewal_pricing": "improved vs 2024", "scwhua_zone2_in_pool_since": 2007, "scwhua_expanded_territory_extension": "2025 (two more years; expires March 28, 2027; prior Order 2023-01 expired March 28, 2025; renewed by order March 20, 2025)", "scwhua_zone2_extension_order_date": "2025-03-20", "scwhua_zone2_extension_expiry": "2027-03-28", "scwhua_zone2_prior_extension_expiry": "2025-03-28", "inland_fair_plan_policy_count": null, "secondary_source_url": "https://doi.sc.gov/DocumentCenter/View/15232", "secondary_source_name": "South Carolina Department of Insurance - 2025 Coastal Property Insurance Market Status Report", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Michael Wise", "title": "Director of the South Carolina Department of Insurance", "confirmed_date": "2023-05-11", "predecessor": "Ray Farmer (retired April 2022 after 9 years; Wise served as acting director until Senate confirmation)", "source_url": "https://doi.sc.gov/750/Meet-the-Director", "source_name": "South Carolina Department of Insurance - Director" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 10, "label": "10" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 7, "label": "7" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "South Carolina billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/SC", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.scwind.com/pdf/2025CatProgram.pdf", "source_name": "South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association -- 2025 Exposure and Reinsurance (Aon), eff. 2025-05-31", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Policy counts ($16,047 @ 4/30/24; $16,402 @ 1/31/25), insured limits (~$7.0B; ~$7.11B) and in-force premiums (~$53.4M; ~$58.0M) read directly from Exhibit 1 of the Aon SCWHUA 2025 Exposure & Reinsurance overview at scwind.com/pdf/2025CatProgram.pdf. ~$346M exposure decline, mid-term-cancellation pattern, and the condo-association counts (20/175 -> 7/23) from the SC DOI 2025 Coastal Property Insurance Market Status Report at https://doi.sc.gov/DocumentCenter/View/15232 (URL existence reconfirmed 2026-05-15; PDF is a 764KB SC DOI document, text extraction failed via fetch but the URL is canonical and matches the report cited by Insurance Journal coverage). Zone 2 in the pool since 2007 and the 2023 two-year extension from Insurance Journal / Risk Market News reporting and the SC DOI order. June 2024 rate increase from the SC DOI status report. No inland FAIR Plan exists. SC HIGH-1 follow-on (2026-05-15): secondary_source_url + secondary_source_name now threaded into value_json so the SC DOI URL is part of the structured provenance chain." }, { "field": "hero_stat_override", "value": "16,402", "value_json": { "label": "SCWHUA Wind Pool policies in force, 2025-01-31", "amount": 16402, "unit": "policies" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.scwind.com/pdf/2025CatProgram.pdf", "source_name": "Aon SCWHUA 2025 Exposure & Reinsurance overview (Exhibit 1)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Surfaces SC's residual-market scale (the SCWHUA / Wind Pool) as the hero stat on the SC page. SC has no inland FAIR Plan, so the default planExists-gated max_dwelling_coverage hero never renders here; the override path bypasses that gate (see [state]-fair-plan.astro:265-267). Mirrors the AL (Beach Pool) and OK / ID / SD no-plan-state hero_stat_override pattern." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "South Carolina (S.C. Code § 38-75-730 cancellation; § 38-75-740 non-renewal): a property insurer that intends to cancel (other than for non-payment) must give 30 days' written notice (10 days for non-payment); for non-renewal of a personal property policy, the insurer must give 60 days' written notice. SCWHUA policies do not auto-renew at all (the broker must request a rewrite and submit the full premium each year). South Carolina has no standing post-hurricane non-renewal moratorium comparable to California's wildfire rule, though the SC Director of Insurance can issue temporary orders after a declared disaster.", "value_json": { "statute": "S.C. Code § 38-75-730 (cancellation) + § 38-75-740 (non-renewal); 38-75-310 et seq. (Wind Pool)", "cancellation_notice_days": 30, "cancellation_nonpayment_notice_days": 10, "nonrenewal_notice_days": 60, "scwhua_auto_renewal": false, "post_disaster_moratorium": "none standing; ad hoc Director orders only" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t38c075.php", "source_name": "South Carolina Code of Laws, Title 38 Chapter 75 (§§ 38-75-730 + 38-75-740)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-102 (2026-05-15): non-renewal notice corrected from ~45 days (file estimate) to 60 days per § 38-75-740 (confirmed against scstatehouse.gov live + Justia 2025 SC Code). Cancellation 30 days (10 for non-payment) confirmed against § 38-75-730. Confidence upgraded from low to high after primary-source confirmation. SCWHUA's no-auto-renewal rule (broker must request a rewrite + pay full premium annually) confirmed on scwind.com Q&A." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "American National exited the South Carolina homeowners market in 2024: the company announced withdrawal from nine initial states (CA, LA, AR, CO, MN, OK, SC, SD, WA) in May 2024, with non-renewals beginning February 2024 and staged through the remainder of the year, citing significant and persistent underwriting losses over ten years. No other major national carrier has announced a full South Carolina homeowners exit. Coastal underwriting tightening continues across the state, with carriers raising hurricane percentage deductibles, limiting new business within proximity-to-coast thresholds, and selectively non-renewing shoreline properties. The SCWHUA book is shrinking (not growing), indicating the private market is currently absorbing more coastal wind risk overall.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "American National", "action": "full homeowners exit -- SC was among the initial nine states announced May 2024; non-renewals began February 2024, staged through remainder of 2024", "date": "2024-05-31", "reason": "significant and persistent underwriting losses over 10 years", "source": "Insurance Journal 2024-05-31" }, { "carrier": null, "action": "no other confirmed full-state SC homeowners exit as of mid-2026; coastal underwriting tightening, higher hurricane deductibles, selective non-renewals in Zone 1/2 areas; SCWHUA book shrinking (private market absorbing more coastal wind risk)", "date": "2024-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2024/05/31/777200.htm", "source_name": "Insurance Journal -- American National Exiting Homeowners Insurance Market (2024-05-31)", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "No specific named-carrier exit verified for South Carolina. The shrinking SCWHUA book (per the Aon 2025 overview and SC DOI status reports) is the strongest signal that the coastal private market is comparatively healthy right now. Needs manual check before naming any carrier." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://doi.sc.gov/613/Homeowners-Insurance", "value_json": { "url": "https://doi.sc.gov/613/Homeowners-Insurance", "consumers_hub": "https://doi.sc.gov/8/Consumers", "insurance_locator": "https://doi.sc.gov/599/Insurance-Locator", "wind_pool_faq": "https://doi.sc.gov/faq.aspx?TID=19", "surplus_lines": "https://doi.sc.gov/575/Surplus-Lines-Broker", "regulator": "South Carolina Department of Insurance" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.sc.gov/", "source_name": "South Carolina Department of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "SC DOI Homeowners Insurance page (doi.sc.gov/613), Consumers hub (doi.sc.gov/8), Insurance Locator program (doi.sc.gov/599), Wind Pool FAQ (doi.sc.gov/faq.aspx?TID=19) and Surplus Lines Broker page (doi.sc.gov/575) all confirmed live. The Homeowners Insurance page does NOT mention any FAIR Plan -- it points hard-to-insure homeowners to the Insurance Locator program and (implicitly) surplus lines." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "S.C. Code Title 38 ('Insurance'), Chapter 75 ('Property, Casualty, and Title Insurance Generally'), Sections 38-75-310 through 38-75-460 -- which establish 'essential property insurance' (wind and hail) and the South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association (SCWHUA created at 38-75-330; plan of operation at 38-75-340). South Carolina Code Title 38 contains NO 'FAIR Plan' / 'Fair Access to Insurance Requirements' / property-insurance-placement-facility chapter -- the Wind Pool statute is the only residual-property-market authority in the Code.", "value_json": { "scwhua_statute": "S.C. Code 38-75-310 to 38-75-460 (Title 38, Ch. 75)", "scwhua_creation_section": "38-75-330", "scwhua_plan_of_operation_section": "38-75-340", "inland_fair_plan_statute": null, "chapter_75_title": "Property, Casualty, and Title Insurance Generally" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t38c075.php", "source_name": "South Carolina Code of Laws, Title 38 Chapter 75", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Confirmed against the SC Statehouse code site: Title 38 Chapter 75 (titled 'Property, Casualty, and Title Insurance Generally') defines 'essential property insurance' as wind/hail (plus optional business-income/ALE/fair-rental coverage post-1995) at 38-75-310(1) and establishes SCWHUA at 38-75-330. The Title 38 chapter list contains no FAIR Plan / Fair-Access-to-Insurance-Requirements chapter. CORRECTION: prior sc.json speculated the SC FAIR Plan 'may be administered under general residual-market authority' -- there is no such separate inland authority in the Code." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "South Carolina is effectively a 'coastal-wind-pool-only' residual-market state: its sole residual property mechanism is SCWHUA (the Wind Pool), and the Insurance Information Institute's FAIR-Plans-by-state table (and the III/PIPSO dataset behind it) does not list a separate South Carolina FAIR Plan -- when SCWHUA is informally called 'the South Carolina FAIR Plan', that is just a colloquial name for the Wind Pool. SCWHUA deficits are funded by assessments on all property-and-casualty insurers doing business in the state (proportional to market share) plus a reinsurance program; its board is 11 insurance-company representatives, 2 coastal insurance agents, and 4 consumer representatives. South Carolina also runs the SC Safe Home grant program (administered by the SC DOI) for wind-mitigation retrofits (hurricane-resistant roofs, shutters), with mandated insurer premium discounts for qualifying mitigation, and the SC DOI 'Insurance Locator' program for consumers who can't find coverage. The SCWHUA Board may expand the Wind Pool territory toward the full 8-county seacoast area during periods of market instability (38-75-460); the 'Zone 2' expansion has been in place since 2007 and most recently extended (2023). For an inland (non-coastal) hard-to-insure home, the practical route is the standard admitted market (via the Insurance Locator) and, failing that, the excess & surplus (E&S) market -- there is no inland FAIR Plan to apply to.", "value_json": { "residual_market_structure": "coastal-wind-pool-only; SCWHUA is the sole residual property mechanism; 'SC FAIR Plan' = colloquial name for SCWHUA", "scwhua_funding": "assessments on all P&C insurers in the state (by market share) + reinsurance", "scwhua_board": "11 insurer reps, 2 coastal agents, 4 consumer reps", "iii_fair_plans_table_lists_sc": false, "mitigation_program": "SC Safe Home grants + mandated insurer premium discounts for qualifying wind mitigation", "consumer_help": "SC DOI 'Insurance Locator' program", "territory_expansion_authority": "38-75-460 -- Board may expand toward the full 8-county seacoast area; 'Zone 2' in the pool since 2007, extended 2023", "inland_fallback": "standard/admitted market via Insurance Locator, then E&S/surplus lines" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.scwind.com/about.html", "source_name": "South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association / South Carolina Department of Insurance / Insurance Information Institute", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Board composition (11/2/4) and assessment-funding structure from scwind.com About page. SC's absence from the III FAIR-Plans-by-state table confirmed by direct fetch of that table. SC Safe Home and Insurance Locator are documented SC DOI programs. Territory-expansion authority from S.C. Code 38-75-460; 'Zone 2 since 2007' and the 2023 extension from Insurance Journal / Risk Market News reporting and the SC DOI order. Exact current reinsurance/assessment figures change annually -- needs manual check." }, { "field": "title_override", "value": "South Carolina FAIR Plan & SCWHUA Wind Pool: what to know", "value_json": { "title": "South Carolina FAIR Plan & SCWHUA Wind Pool: what to know", "meta_description": "South Carolina FAIR Plan (none inland) and SCWHUA Wind Pool: the coastal pool covers wind and hail only; what coverage your home needs.", "h1": "South Carolina FAIR Plan & Wind Pool: there isn't an inland one" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.scwind.com/", "source_name": "South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Title / H1 / meta override carrying the colloquial 'Wind Pool' keyword space alongside the SCWHUA legal name. SC has no separate inland FAIR Plan -- framing kept as 'there isn't an inland one'. Rule: .claude/rules/content-pages.md (use the colloquial alongside the legal name). H1 length 62 chars (was 92, trimmed for round-5 copywriter MED-1). Moved out of niche.ts into per-state JSON 2026-05-14 (architect 46 P0-1)." }, { "field": "colloquial_primer", "value": "South Carolina has no separate inland FAIR Plan. When someone says 'the South Carolina FAIR Plan,' they almost always mean the South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association (SCWHUA), known locally as 'the Wind Pool.'", "value_json": { "heading": "South Carolina Wind Pool (SCWHUA): how it works, who qualifies", "paragraphs": [ "South Carolina has no separate inland FAIR Plan. When someone says “the South Carolina FAIR Plan,” they almost always mean the South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association (SCWHUA), known locally as “the Wind Pool.” It is the state's only residual property mechanism, and it writes wind and hail coverage only, in five coastal counties: Beaufort, Charleston, Colleton, Georgetown, and Horry.", "To qualify, the property must sit in the statutorily defined coastal territory (Zone 1 closest to the coast or Zone 2 slightly inland), meet SCWHUA's condition standards (roof, building-code and federal-flood-zone compliance), and the owner must have been unable to obtain wind and hail coverage in the standard market. Any South Carolina-licensed agent can submit; the full annual premium is paid upfront and a 15-day waiting period applies. Inland (non-coastal) owners who cannot find a policy use the SC DOI Insurance Locator and, failing that, the surplus-lines (E&S) market." ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.scwind.com/about.html", "source_name": "South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Plain-language colloquial primer rendered as a dedicated H2 on /south-carolina-fair-plan/. Facts derive from existing data_points (county list from plan_exists.value_json.coastal_wind_pool.counties; eligibility/zones/waiting period from eligibility_rule). SC DOI Insurance Locator: https://doi.sc.gov/599/Insurance-Locator. Moved out of [state]-fair-plan.astro IIFE into per-state JSON 2026-05-14 (architect 46 P0-1)." } ] }, { "code": "SD", "name": "South Dakota", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/south-dakota-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "no", "value_json": { "status": "no", "note": "South Dakota has no state FAIR Plan and no state-backed insurer of last resort for homeowners. SD is not a PIPSO member. The SD Division of Insurance directs homeowners who cannot find admitted-market coverage to the surplus-lines (non-admitted) market via SD-licensed surplus-lines brokers under SDCL 58-32." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dlr.sd.gov/insurance/surplus_lines.aspx", "source_name": "South Dakota Division of Insurance, Surplus Lines", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Cross-checked against PIPSO's national member list (pipso.com returned 403 on fetch, but member-state inventories from prior research and Iowa FAIR Plan's PIPSO page do not list SD). SD's homeowners market is characterized by competitive admitted-market access with surplus lines as the regulated fallback. The hail / severe-convective-storm peril does not currently rise to the structural-availability crisis that would trigger a residual-mechanism debate." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "no plan", "value_json": { "name": null, "note": "no South Dakota FAIR Plan exists; coverage of last resort is the surplus-lines / non-admitted (E&S) market, brokered through SD-licensed surplus-lines producers and overseen by the SD Division of Insurance under SDCL 58-32" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dlr.sd.gov/insurance/surplus_lines.aspx", "source_name": "South Dakota Division of Insurance, Surplus Lines", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "SDCL 58-32-4 prohibits life, health, workers compensation, annuities, and reinsurance from being written in the surplus-lines market (with narrow exceptions for high-benefit disability and short-term international health). Property and casualty risks including homeowners may be placed surplus lines when admitted carriers decline." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "no plan website; SD Division of Insurance consumer page at dlr.sd.gov/insurance/homeowners.aspx is the closest equivalent", "value_json": { "url": null, "doi_consumer_page": "https://dlr.sd.gov/insurance/homeowners.aspx", "surplus_lines_page": "https://dlr.sd.gov/insurance/surplus_lines.aspx", "doi_home": "https://dlr.sd.gov/insurance/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dlr.sd.gov/insurance/homeowners.aspx", "source_name": "South Dakota Division of Insurance, Homeowner's Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "There is no South Dakota FAIR Plan website because there is no SD FAIR Plan. The Division's homeowners consumer page is the official starting point for coverage questions; for a placement of last resort, the surplus-lines page lists licensed broker requirements." }, { "field": "residual_market_structure", "value": "Surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S) market under SDCL 58-32; no FAIR Plan, no JUA, no state-backed insurer of last resort. SD is not a PIPSO member. Brokers must obtain at least three written declinations from admitted carriers before placing a property risk in the surplus-lines market.", "value_json": { "primary_path": "surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S)", "regulator": "South Dakota Division of Insurance", "surplus_lines_statute": "SDCL 58-32", "minimum_declinations_required": 3, "stamping_requirement": "every surplus-lines policy must carry in 10-point bold or larger: This insurance contract is issued by a nonadmitted insurer which is not licensed by nor under the jurisdiction of the South Dakota Insurance Director (SDCL 58-32-23)", "no_fair_plan": true, "no_jua": true, "pipso_member": false }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dlr.sd.gov/insurance/surplus_lines.aspx", "source_name": "South Dakota Division of Insurance, Surplus Lines", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The three-declinations rule is the structural friction-point that protects the admitted market: a SD broker cannot place a homeowner with a non-admitted insurer until three SD-licensed admitted carriers have declined in writing. Surplus-lines policies bypass admitted-market rate review and lose SD Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association backing." }, { "field": "regulatory_authority", "value": "South Dakota Division of Insurance, part of the Department of Labor and Regulation", "value_json": { "name": "South Dakota Division of Insurance", "parent_agency": "South Dakota Department of Labor and Regulation", "url": "https://dlr.sd.gov/insurance/", "address": "124 South Euclid Avenue, 2nd Floor, Pierre, SD 57501", "main_phone": "605-773-3563", "fax": "605-773-5369", "email": "sdinsurance@state.sd.us", "rate_authority_note": "SD operates a file-and-use regime for most personal-lines property/casualty rate filings under SDCL 58-24; the Director may disapprove rates found excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dlr.sd.gov/insurance/", "source_name": "South Dakota Division of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Address, phone, fax, and email verified from the Division's own home page. The Department of Labor and Regulation (DLR) Cabinet Secretary is Marcia Hultman; she oversees the Division but does not directly serve as Director of Insurance." }, { "field": "commissioner", "value": "Larry D. Deiter, Director of Insurance", "value_json": { "name": "Larry D. Deiter", "title": "Director, South Dakota Division of Insurance", "appointed_date": "2015-01-08", "appointed_by": "DLR Cabinet Secretary Marcia Hultman", "naic_role": "Secretary-Treasurer, Midwest Zone (2025); Vice Chair, Midwest Zone (2026, promoted at November 2025 NAIC officer elections); Co-Vice Chair NAIC Systemization and Governance (A) Committee 2025", "prior_role": "Assistant Director of Property and Casualty, Market Conduct and Investigations (Nov 2012 to Jan 2015)", "education": "Bachelor's degree, South Dakota State University", "background": "25+ years in commercial banking and business management before public service", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Larry D. Deiter", "title": "Director of Insurance", "confirmed_date": "2015-01-08", "predecessor": "Merle Scheiber (retired late 2014/early 2015)", "source_url": "https://dlr.sd.gov/insurance/", "source_name": "South Dakota Division of Insurance - Director" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://content.naic.org/node/8858", "source_name": "NAIC Commissioner Directory, Larry D. Deiter", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Deiter has held the role since January 8, 2015 (more than a decade as of May 2026). In 2025 he serves as Secretary of the NAIC Midwest Zone and Co-Vice Chair of the Systemization and Governance Committee, and SD became the 36th state to adopt the NAIC State Based Systems platform under his leadership." }, { "field": "DOI_contact", "value": "South Dakota Division of Insurance: 605-773-3563 (main). Email: sdinsurance@state.sd.us. Fax: 605-773-5369. Address: 124 South Euclid Avenue, 2nd Floor, Pierre, SD 57501. File a complaint via the Division's consumer services group.", "value_json": { "main_phone": "605-773-3563", "fax": "605-773-5369", "consumer_email": "sdinsurance@state.sd.us", "complaint_url": "https://dlr.sd.gov/insurance/", "address": "124 South Euclid Avenue, 2nd Floor, Pierre, SD 57501" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dlr.sd.gov/insurance/about_us.aspx", "source_name": "South Dakota Division of Insurance, About Us", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Phone number and email verified from the Division's own About Us page. The Division does not publish a separate consumer-hotline toll-free number; the main 605-773-3563 line handles consumer inquiries and complaints." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "South Dakota has a tiered nonrenewal notice rule. SDCL 58-1-15: 30 days' written notice for homeowner's insurance policies. SDCL 58-1-14: 60 days' written notice ONLY for standard fire and allied-lines policies as defined in SDCL §§ 58-9-5 to 58-9-30, 58-9-32, and 58-9-33. SDCL 58-1-14 explicitly carves out automobiles, homeowners, AND 'any other personal lines policy' from the 60-day rule, and the same statute embeds a 30-day floor for those carved-out 'other personal lines' categories. In practice: landlord/dwelling-fire policies on rentals, renter's policies, and other non-homeowner personal-lines products generally fall under the 30-day floor in 58-1-14 itself, NOT the 60-day fire-policy rule. Group-transfer exception: no notice required if transfer is to insurer in same insurance group on a Division-approved form.", "value_json": { "nonrenewal_notice_days_homeowners": 30, "nonrenewal_notice_days_other_personal_lines": 30, "nonrenewal_notice_days_standard_fire_and_allied": 60, "fire_allied_scope": "SDCL §§ 58-9-5 to 58-9-30, 58-9-32, and 58-9-33 (standard fire and allied-lines forms only)", "statute_homeowners": "SDCL 58-1-15", "statute_fire_allied_and_other_personal_lines": "SDCL 58-1-14 (60-day for fire/allied; 30-day for other personal lines including landlord/renter)", "group_transfer_exception": "no notice required if transfer is to same insurance group on a Division-approved form (applies to both 58-1-14 and 58-1-15)", "post_disaster_moratorium": "no standing statutory moratorium", "rate_approval_regime": "file-and-use for most personal-lines P/C rates (SDCL 58-24)" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/58-1-14", "source_name": "SDCL 58-1-14 + 58-1-15 (South Dakota Legislature, primary)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Per data-verifier-153 (2026-05-15): MATERIAL L16b correction. Prior framing presented a false 60-day-general / 30-day-homeowners binary; actual 58-1-14 scope is narrower (fire/allied-lines policies defined in §§ 58-9-5 to 58-9-30, 58-9-32, 58-9-33). The statute explicitly carves out auto, homeowners, AND 'any other personal lines policy' from the 60-day rule, with a 30-day floor embedded in 58-1-14 for those carved-out personal-lines categories. So a landlord-policy or renter's-policy non-renewal gets 30 days, not 60. SD has no California-style post-disaster nonrenewal moratorium and no statutory single-claim protection equivalent to NH RSA 417-B:3-a. Per data-verifier-Wave-21 L13g sweep (2026-05-16): source_url migrated from Justia mirror (third-party, 403'd) to sdlegislature.gov primary per L13g-CRIT/L19." }, { "field": "rate_approval_regime", "value": "South Dakota operates a file-and-use regime for personal-lines property/casualty rate filings under SDCL Title 58, Chapter 24. Carriers may use a filed rate immediately upon filing; the Director may subsequently disapprove rates found excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory.", "value_json": { "regime": "file-and-use (personal lines)", "statute": "SDCL Title 58, Chapter 24", "doi_authority": "Director may disapprove rates after filing if excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory", "contrast_nh": "New Hampshire is prior-approval under RSA 412; carriers cannot use a rate until NHID signs off" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dlr.sd.gov/insurance/companies/property_casualty_filing_requirements.aspx", "source_name": "South Dakota Division of Insurance, Property/Casualty Rate and Form Filing Requirements", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "File-and-use is the structural reason SD carriers can re-price quickly after hail seasons. The Division publishes filing requirements on its companies page but does not publish a single statutory citation summarizing the regime; the SDCL 58-24 chapter governs the substantive rate standards." }, { "field": "premium_baseline", "value": "South Dakota average annual homeowners premium for a typical $300,000 dwelling policy ran approximately $2,792 to $3,617 across 2024-2025 depending on methodology, roughly 15 to 30 percent above the national average. South Dakota homeowners rates rose 12.1 percent in 2023 and 15.9 percent in 2024 per RateWatch / S&P Global compilations of NAIC filings. State Farm posted the smallest 2019-2024 cumulative increase among large carriers at 24.1 percent; American Family rose 104.7 percent over the same window.", "value_json": { "sd_avg_annual_quadrant_2024_usd": 3152, "sd_avg_annual_high_estimate_usd": 3617, "sd_avg_annual_low_estimate_usd": 2792, "us_avg_2024_usd": 2424, "premium_over_us_avg_pct_range": "15-30", "rate_increase_2023_pct": 12.1, "rate_increase_2024_pct": 15.9, "carrier_2019_2024_change_pct": { "State_Farm": 24.1, "USAA": 31.4, "Auto_Owners": 89.4, "Liberty_Mutual": 99, "American_Family": 104.7 } }, "unit": "USD", "source_url": "https://content.naic.org/cipr-topics/dwelling-fire-and-homeowners-insurance", "source_name": "RateWatch / S&P Global aggregator (NAIC carrier rate-filings) / S&P Global / NAIC filings", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Range reflects three different reference dwellings: Quadrant Information Services ($300K dwelling) at $3,152; a secondary aggregator at $3,374; a secondary aggregator ranking SD 13th most expensive at $3,617. State-level NAIC dwelling-fire-and-homeowners report would be the authoritative source but is published with a 2 to 3 year lag. The 12.1% / 15.9% YoY series sources to NAIC rate filings but was compiled by a secondary aggregator." }, { "field": "guaranty_fund", "value": "South Dakota Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association covers claims against insolvent admitted property/casualty carriers under SDCL 58-29A; it does not cover surplus-lines / non-admitted carriers. (The South Dakota Life and Health Insurance Guaranty Association under SDCL 58-29C is a separate life-and-health-only mechanism.)", "value_json": { "fund_name": "South Dakota Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association", "statute": "SDCL 58-29A", "covers": "admitted (licensed) property and casualty insurers", "does_not_cover": "surplus-lines / non-admitted (E&S) insurers; life, health, annuities, title, surety, credit, mortgage guaranty, ocean marine", "separate_life_health_assoc": { "name": "South Dakota Life and Health Insurance Guaranty Association", "statute": "SDCL 58-29C", "url": "https://www.sdlifega.org/", "established": "1989" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://sdakota.ncigf.org/", "source_name": "South Dakota Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association (via NCIGF)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "SD has two separate guaranty associations: P/C under SDCL 58-29A (administered via NCIGF) and Life/Health under SDCL 58-29C. The P/C association web property did not respond to fetch (TLS certificate issue) on 2026-05-14; re-verify the exact statute number and covered-claim threshold against SDCL 58-29A before publishing prescriptive guidance." }, { "field": "coastal_exposure", "value": "South Dakota is landlocked. There is no Atlantic, Gulf, or Pacific coastline. The state's principal water bodies are the Missouri River, Lake Oahe, Lake Francis Case, and Lewis and Clark Lake. Inland flood exposure on the Missouri and James river systems is real but is not a Coastal-Barrier or NFIP-WYO-driven peril.", "value_json": { "direct_ocean_coastline_miles": 0, "landlocked": true, "principal_inland_waters": [ "Missouri River", "Lake Oahe", "Lake Francis Case", "Lewis and Clark Lake", "Big Stone Lake", "James River" ], "flood_exposure_note": "Missouri River corridor and James River basin carry NFIP flood risk; not a hurricane / storm-surge state" }, "unit": "miles", "source_url": "https://dlr.sd.gov/insurance/", "source_name": "South Dakota Division of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "SD is one of the 26 landlocked U.S. states; the absence of coastal exposure is the structural reason hurricane and storm-surge are not insurability drivers here. The dominant SD peril stack is severe-convective-storm (hail + tornado + straight-line wind) plus Black Hills wildfire." }, { "field": "hurricane_history", "value": "South Dakota has no hurricane history. As a landlocked state more than 1,000 miles from any Atlantic or Gulf coast, SD is not a hurricane-landfall state in NOAA HURDAT2. Tropical-cyclone remnants occasionally produce heavy rain in eastern SD but do not arrive as hurricanes.", "value_json": { "hurdat_direct_landfalls": 0, "tropical_cyclone_remnants": "occasional heavy-rain events in eastern SD from decayed tropical systems", "dominant_wind_peril": "severe convective storm (thunderstorm wind, tornado, derecho)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/All_U.S._Hurricanes.html", "source_name": "NOAA HURDAT2 (Atlantic Hurricane Database)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Included for cross-state comparison consistency. SD's catastrophic-wind exposure comes from severe convective storms, not tropical cyclones." }, { "field": "severe_storm_exposure", "value": "Severe convective storm is South Dakota's dominant property peril. The NWS Rapid City forecast office issues approximately 300 severe-thunderstorm and tornado warnings per year (top ten nationally). The state averages approximately 13 to 17 tornadoes per year statewide (1950 to 2024 SPC baseline ~13.8 per year; the western-SD region averaged ~7 per year per NWS Rapid City). Large hail (golf-ball-size or greater) is the most common severe-weather hazard in the area east of the Black Hills; the state record hail size is 6.0 inches (June 1968 Custer County; June 2015 Butte County).", "value_json": { "nws_rapid_city_warnings_per_year": 300, "tornado_avg_per_year_statewide_spc": 13.8, "tornado_avg_per_year_statewide_range": "13-17", "tornado_avg_per_year_western_sd": 7, "total_tornadoes_1950_2024_statewide": 1024, "tornado_deaths_1950_2024": 17, "tornado_injuries_1950_2024": 484, "peak_month": "June (40 percent of annual tornadoes; 5.9 warnings monthly per NWS UNR)", "largest_hail_inches": 6, "largest_hail_events": [ "June 1968 Custer County", "June 2015 Butte County" ], "max_thunderstorm_wind_knots": 103, "max_wind_event": "19 June 2015 Meade County" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=stormevents&boundingBox=49.000,-104.058,42.479,-96.436&format=json", "source_name": "NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database (SD statewide)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-20", "notes": "Statewide statewide-tornado average corrected from 25-28/yr (an inappropriate scaling of an NWS Rapid City western-SD figure) to ~13-17/yr per the NOAA SPC long-run record. The western-SD ~7/yr remains correct for the NWS Rapid City forecast area only. Severe-convective-storm losses (hail in particular) remain the principal driver of SD homeowners loss-cost trends; hail in SD reportedly generates $100 to $200 million of insured losses in a typical year per secondary trade sources, to be verified against a SD-specific NAIC dwelling-fire and homeowners report before publishing as a primary statistic." }, { "field": "wildfire_exposure", "value": "South Dakota is not among the Cotality 2025 Wildfire Risk Report's 14 Western-states focus (which covers 2.6 million homes at moderate-or-greater risk; CA 1.3M, CO 319K, TX 243K, OR 128K, AZ 124K). The dominant SD wildfire exposure is the Black Hills WUI: the Black Hills National Forest has averaged 92 wildfires per year burning 7,507 acres per year over the last 30 years (approximately 70 percent lightning-caused). The Qury Fire (Custer County, March 2026) burned 9,000+ acres, the largest SD wildfire in nearly a decade.", "value_json": { "cotality_2025_inclusion": false, "cotality_top_5_western_states_homes_at_risk": { "CA": 1300000, "CO": 319000, "TX": 243000, "OR": 128000, "AZ": 124000 }, "black_hills_nf_avg_fires_per_year_30yr": 92, "black_hills_nf_avg_acres_per_year_30yr": 7507, "lightning_share_of_causes_pct": 70, "fire_return_interval_years": "10 to 40+", "primary_fire_season": "May through October", "largest_recent_event": { "name": "Qury Fire", "year": 2026, "month": "March", "county": "Custer", "acres": 9000, "cause": "tree fell on power line in high winds", "significance": "largest SD wildfire in nearly a decade" }, "principal_wui_area": "Black Hills (Lawrence, Pennington, Custer, Fall River counties); Rapid City is the principal WUI city" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.fs.usda.gov/r02/blackhills/fire", "source_name": "USDA Forest Service, Black Hills National Forest, Fire", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Cotality's per-state homes-at-risk dataset does not separately publish SD numbers because SD is outside the Western 14-state focus. The 92-fires / 7,507-acres average is from USFS Black Hills National Forest and covers federal land only; statewide totals (including private and state forest) would be higher. The Pennington / Rapid City WUI plan and Lawrence County WUI plan are the principal county-level mitigation frameworks." }, { "field": "billion_dollar_disasters", "value": "Per NOAA NCEI, South Dakota was affected by 36 confirmed billion-dollar weather and climate disasters from 1980 to 2024: 13 drought, 5 flooding, 1 freeze, 15 severe storm, 2 wildfire (CPI-adjusted). The 1980 to 2024 annual average is 0.8 events. The most recent 5-year (2020 to 2024) annual average is 2.2 events, a roughly 2.75x acceleration.", "value_json": { "period": "1980 to 2024", "total_events": 36, "by_type": { "drought": 13, "flooding": 5, "freeze": 1, "severe_storm": 15, "wildfire": 2, "tropical_cyclone": 0, "winter_storm": 0 }, "annual_avg_full_period": 0.8, "annual_avg_recent_5yr": 2.2, "acceleration_factor": 2.75 }, "unit": "events", "source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/SD", "source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters, South Dakota State Summary", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The acceleration from 0.8 events/year (1980-2024) to 2.2 events/year (2020-2024) is the signal that climate-driven loss-cost pressure on SD homeowners carriers is structurally rising; severe storms are the single largest category. Page reached via search-result snippet on 2026-05-14; direct WebFetch returned a 60s timeout, so re-pull the live state-summary page when populating dashboards." }, { "field": "mitigation_credits", "value": "South Dakota has no statutory mandate that carriers credit defensible space, Class-4 impact-resistant roofing, or home-hardening on homeowners policies. Mitigation discounts in SD are voluntary and carrier-specific. There is no active SD Resiliency or Mitigation Council equivalent to Arizona's 2024-2025 DIFI council.", "value_json": { "mandate": "none", "voluntary_credits_available_from": [ "varies by carrier; many SD carriers offer impact-resistant-roof credits voluntarily given hail exposure" ], "council_status": "none active", "contrast_az": "Arizona's Resiliency and Mitigation Council (Dec 2024 to Dec 2025) recommended state grants/loans/tax credits over a FAIR Plan", "contrast_ca": "California requires recognition of community-mitigation efforts under Safer From Wildfires regulation (10 CCR section 2644.9)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dlr.sd.gov/insurance/homeowners.aspx", "source_name": "South Dakota Division of Insurance", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Confidence is medium for the negative-finding side; a definitive answer would require a SD Division of Insurance rate-filing memo or bulletin we have not yet sighted. Anecdotally, hail-belt SD carriers commonly offer voluntary impact-resistant-roof (UL 2218 Class 4) credits in the 10 to 30 percent range, but this is carrier-by-carrier rather than statutorily required." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "No South Dakota-specific public carrier-exit or pause announcements analogous to California's State Farm / Allstate / Farmers 2023 pullback have been issued as of May 2026. The SD market story is rate compression rather than capacity withdrawal: SD homeowners rates rose 12.1 percent in 2023 and 15.9 percent in 2024, with American Family up 104.7 percent and Liberty Mutual up 99.0 percent over the 2019-2024 window. State Farm remained the lowest-priced major carrier (24.1 percent cumulative 2019-2024).", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "(market aggregate)", "action": "no named SD-specific exits or pauses located as of May 2026", "date": "2023-2026", "source": "SD Division of Insurance press releases; news search" }, { "carrier": "American Family", "action": "104.7 percent cumulative rate increase 2019-2024 (national aggregate; SD share not separately published)", "date": "2019-2024", "source": "RateWatch / S&P Global" }, { "carrier": "Liberty Mutual", "action": "99.0 percent cumulative rate increase 2019-2024 (national aggregate)", "date": "2019-2024", "source": "RateWatch / S&P Global" }, { "carrier": "Auto-Owners", "action": "89.4 percent cumulative rate increase 2019-2024 (national aggregate)", "date": "2019-2024", "source": "RateWatch / S&P Global" }, { "carrier": "State Farm", "action": "24.1 percent cumulative rate increase 2019-2024 (national aggregate; smallest of large carriers)", "date": "2019-2024", "source": "RateWatch / S&P Global" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://content.naic.org/cipr-topics/dwelling-fire-and-homeowners-insurance", "source_name": "RateWatch / S&P Global aggregator (NAIC carrier rate-filings) / S&P Global / NAIC filings", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The carrier-level cumulative rate-increase figures are national aggregates, not SD-specific. The SD non-renewal picture is shaped more by post-claim individual nonrenewals (after major hail events) and percentage hail/wind deductibles than by carrier-wide market exits. Primary SD-specific carrier-by-carrier rate data lives in NAIC dwelling-fire and homeowners reports with a 2 to 3 year publication lag." }, { "field": "consumer_guidance", "value": "If admitted carriers decline you in South Dakota, your options are: (1) shop with an independent agent and review carrier-by-carrier hail/wind deductible structures (percentage deductibles of 1 to 2 percent of dwelling value are now common in SD); (2) request quotes from carriers known to be less hail-sensitive (State Farm has been the lowest-priced major carrier 2019-2024); (3) work with an SD-licensed surplus-lines broker who can place coverage with a non-admitted (E&S) insurer after collecting at least three admitted-carrier declinations as required by the Division; (4) file a complaint with the SD Division of Insurance at 605-773-3563 or sdinsurance@state.sd.us if you believe a cancellation or nonrenewal violated the 30-day notice rule under SDCL 58-1-15.", "value_json": { "options": [ "shop with independent agent; compare hail/wind deductible structures", "compare major carriers (State Farm posted smallest 2019-2024 increase)", "surplus lines via SD-licensed broker after 3 admitted-carrier declinations (no SD P/C guaranty fund backing)", "complaint to SD Division of Insurance 605-773-3563 if SDCL 58-1-15 violated" ], "no_fair_plan_fallback": true, "statutes": [ "SDCL 58-1-14", "SDCL 58-1-15", "SDCL 58-24", "SDCL 58-29A", "SDCL 58-32" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dlr.sd.gov/insurance/homeowners.aspx", "source_name": "South Dakota Division of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The percentage hail/wind deductible is the practical structural shift in SD homeowners coverage over the 2020 to 2026 window; many SD policies now carry separate 1 to 2 percent wind/hail deductibles in addition to the all-other-perils deductible, effectively transferring catastrophe-claim cost back to the homeowner. The three-declinations requirement is the procedural friction for surplus-lines fallback." }, { "field": "key_statutes", "value": "Core South Dakota homeowners-insurance statutes: SDCL 58-1-14 (60-day general nonrenewal notice); SDCL 58-1-15 (30-day homeowner-specific nonrenewal notice; group-transfer exception); SDCL 58-24 (rate and form filings; file-and-use); SDCL 58-29A (Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association, admitted carriers only); SDCL 58-29C (Life and Health Insurance Guaranty Association); SDCL 58-32 (surplus-lines licensing, three-declinations rule, stamping requirement, premium tax 2.5 percent / 3 percent fire).", "value_json": { "SDCL_58_1_14": "60-day notice of nonrenewal for general property and casualty policies; exceptions for group transfer", "SDCL_58_1_15": "30-day notice of nonrenewal for homeowner's insurance policies; defined as standard homeowner's package, residential renter's package, or homeowner's multiple peril; group-transfer exception", "SDCL_58_24": "rate and form filings; file-and-use regime; Director may disapprove excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory rates", "SDCL_58_29A": "Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association; covers admitted P/C only", "SDCL_58_29C": "Life and Health Insurance Guaranty Association (established 1989)", "SDCL_58_32": "Surplus lines; broker licensing; 3 declinations required before placement; stamping requirement (SDCL 58-32-23); life/health/WC/annuities/reinsurance prohibited (SDCL 58-32-4); 2.5 percent premium tax (3 percent on fire)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/58", "source_name": "South Dakota Codified Laws Title 58 (SD Legislature)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "These statutes are the basis for every consumer-rights conversation in SD homeowners insurance. The 30-day homeowner nonrenewal window under SDCL 58-1-15 is shorter than NH (45 days under RSA 417-B:4), CA (75 days under Cal. Ins. Code section 678), and the SD-general 60-day baseline under SDCL 58-1-14; this is a meaningfully shorter window for a homeowner to find replacement coverage." }, { "field": "market_outlook_2026", "value": "South Dakota's homeowners market in 2026 is shaped by severe-convective-storm loss-cost pressure (NOAA NCEI shows 2.2 billion-dollar events per year in 2020-2024 vs. a 0.8 long-run average) and rapidly rising rates (12.1 percent in 2023, 15.9 percent in 2024). Capacity remains available in the admitted market with no named carrier exits, but consumers face shorter nonrenewal notice (30 days under SDCL 58-1-15), percentage hail/wind deductibles, and post-claim individual nonrenewals after major hail events. The Black Hills WUI in Pennington / Custer / Lawrence counties is the secondary forward risk.", "value_json": { "structural_drivers": [ "severe convective storm (hail + tornado + straight-line wind); 2.75x acceleration in billion-dollar events 2020-2024 vs. 1980-2024", "Black Hills WUI wildfire exposure (Pennington, Custer, Lawrence, Fall River counties)", "Missouri River and James River basin flood exposure (NFIP)", "file-and-use rate regime allowing rapid carrier re-pricing post-event" ], "current_state": "admitted-market capacity available; no named carrier exits; rates rising rapidly", "forward_risks": [ "post-claim individual nonrenewals after major hail seasons", "spread of percentage wind/hail deductibles (1-2 percent of dwelling value)", "Black Hills wildfire activity (Qury Fire March 2026 9,000+ acres = largest in a decade)", "reinsurance pressure flowing through to admitted carriers" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/SD", "source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Disasters / SD Division of Insurance / NAIC compilation", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Forward-risk synthesis is editorial; individual numerical components (2.75x acceleration, 12.1 percent / 15.9 percent rate increases, Qury Fire acreage) carry their own primary sources cited in earlier fields. SD has no FAIR Plan and no active legislative pressure to create one as of May 2026; the structural answer if availability tightens further is more aggressive surplus-lines use, not a residual mechanism." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "2024: South Dakota statewide homeowners rates rise approximately 15.9 percent year over year (NAIC dwelling-fire and homeowners insurance compilation), following a 12.1 percent rise in 2023. Carriers cite severe-convective-storm loss costs — hail, tornado, and damaging-wind events — as the primary driver. 2014-2024: 16 confirmed billion-dollar weather and climate disasters affected SD (NOAA NCEI, CPI-adjusted). The 2020-2024 5-year annual average of 2.2 events per year is roughly 2.75 times the 1980-2024 long-run average of 0.8 events per year, one of the steepest accelerations in the upper Midwest. Admitted market remains open with no named SD carrier exits, but consumers face shorter 30-day cancellation notice (SDCL 58-1-15), percentage hail/wind deductibles, and post-claim individual nonrenewals after major hail and tornado events. Black Hills WUI wildfire exposure continues to shape pricing in Pennington, Custer, Lawrence, and Fall River counties.", "value_json": { "timeline": [ { "date": "2023", "event": "SD statewide homeowners rates rise approximately 12.1 percent (NAIC compilation)" }, { "date": "2024", "event": "SD statewide homeowners rates rise approximately 15.9 percent year over year" }, { "date": "2020-2024", "event": "NCEI billion-dollar disaster count averages 2.2 events per year (2.75x the 1980-2024 long-run rate of 0.8)" }, { "date": "2022", "event": "3 NCEI billion-dollar disasters in SD (the peak year of the 2014-2024 window)" }, { "date": "2024", "event": "3 NCEI billion-dollar disasters in SD (tied with 2022 as window peak)" } ], "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 3, "label": "3" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "South Dakota billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/SD", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/SD", "source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Disasters / SD Division of Insurance / NAIC compilation", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "Compiled from existing sd.json data_points (billion_dollar_disasters + market_outlook_2026 + severe_storm_exposure + wildfire_exposure). The 12.1 percent (2023) and 15.9 percent (2024) figures track the NAIC compilation cited in market_outlook_2026. Re-pull annually at the next NAIC Dwelling Fire and Homeowners Insurance Report release and after SD Division of Insurance rate bulletins. Chart data parse cross-validated against NCEI's own page-stated 1yr/3yr/5yr/all-time totals on 2026-05-27." }, { "field": "industry_data_sources", "value": "Authoritative SD-specific datasets for tracking homeowners-insurance availability and pricing: (1) SD Division of Insurance bulletins and rate filings at dlr.sd.gov/insurance/laws.aspx; (2) NAIC Dwelling Fire, Homeowners Owner-Occupied, and Homeowners Tenant Report (annual, 2 to 3 year lag); (3) U.S. Senate Budget Committee 2024 non-renewal data call (county-level, 23 carriers covering ~65 percent of market, 2018-2023); (4) NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Disasters SD state summary; (5) NWS Rapid City Severe Weather Climatology; (6) USDA Forest Service Black Hills National Forest fire history map (1910-2024); (7) Cotality 2025 Wildfire Risk Report (Western-states focus; SD not separately broken out).", "value_json": { "sd_doi_bulletins": { "url": "https://dlr.sd.gov/insurance/laws.aspx" }, "naic_homeowners_report": { "url": "https://content.naic.org/sites/default/files/publication-hmr-zu-homeowners-report.pdf" }, "senate_budget_committee_2024": { "url": "https://www.budget.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/next_to_fall_the_climate-driven_insurance_crisis_is_here__and_getting_worse.pdf", "level": "county", "years": "2018-2023" }, "noaa_ncei_sd": { "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/SD" }, "nws_unr_climo": { "url": "https://www.weather.gov/unr/severe_wx_climo" }, "bhnf_fire": { "url": "https://www.fs.usda.gov/r02/blackhills/fire" }, "cotality_2025": { "url": "https://www.cotality.com/insights/articles/wildfire-risk-report-2025" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dlr.sd.gov/insurance/laws.aspx", "source_name": "South Dakota Division of Insurance, Laws, Rules and Bulletins", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The NAIC Dwelling Fire / Homeowners Report is the gold-standard cross-state premium and loss-ratio dataset; refresh annually as new editions publish. The Senate Budget Committee 2024 county-level dataset is the single best public source for SD county-by-county nonrenewal rates 2018-2023." }, { "field": "hero_stat_override", "value": "36", "value_json": { "label": "South Dakota NCEI billion-dollar weather and climate disasters, 1980-2024", "amount": 36, "unit": "events" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/SD", "source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Disasters State Summary (South Dakota)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Headline number - South Dakota was affected by 36 confirmed NCEI billion-dollar weather and climate disasters from 1980 to 2024 (15 severe storm, 13 drought, 5 flooding, 2 wildfire, 1 freeze; 0 winter storm). Data-verifier 80 (2026-05-14) corrected the breakdown: was '12 drought / 3 winter storm / 1 wildfire' which didn't match the companion field at sd.json line 341 ('13 drought, 5 flooding, 1 freeze, 15 severe storm, 2 wildfire' = 36) and did not sum cleanly. The disaster frequency tripled from 0.8/yr long-run to 2.2/yr 2020-2024." } ] }, { "code": "TN", "name": "Tennessee", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/tennessee-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "no", "value_json": { "status": "no", "note": "Tennessee has no FAIR Plan and no state-backed residual property insurance market mechanism. Tennessee is not on the Insurance Information Institute (III) FAIR Plan inventory, is not a PIPSO member, and TDCI does not operate or contract with a residual property insurer. Homeowners declined by admitted carriers must use the surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S) market or specialty admitted programs." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/insurance-provided-by-fair-plans-by-state-fiscal-year-2024-1", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute (III) , FAIR Plans by state, FY 2024", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "III's state-by-state FAIR Plan table for fiscal year 2024 lists 32 jurisdictions (CA, CT, DE, DC, FL, GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, NJ, NM, NY, NC, OH, OR, PA, RI, TX, VA, WA, WV, WI) plus a footnote about Arkansas. Tennessee is not on that list. NAIC's October 2024 'Back to Basics: Residual Markets' material also describes the residual-market universe without naming a Tennessee FAIR Plan." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "no plan", "value_json": { "name": null, "note": "No Tennessee FAIR Plan, no Tennessee Citizens-style insurer, no Tennessee Beach/Wind plan. Tennessee is land-locked (no coast) and never adopted a FAIR-plan statute in response to the 1968 federal Urban Property Protection and Reinsurance Act. Coverage of last resort is the surplus lines market plus specialty admitted programs (e.g., Lloyd's-syndicate-backed homeowner programs, manufactured-home specialists)." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/insurance-provided-by-fair-plans-by-state-fiscal-year-2024-1", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute (III)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The premise in the brief that Tennessee historically operated a 'Tennessee Insurance Underwriters Association' FAIR plan could not be corroborated against PIPSO, III, NAIC, or TDCI sources in this research pass. If such an association existed, it does not appear in any current 2024-2026 authoritative inventory. Treat the historical claim as unverified; the present-day finding is unambiguous: Tennessee has no FAIR Plan." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "no plan website; TDCI consumer page is the closest equivalent", "value_json": { "url": null, "tdci_consumer_page": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/insurance.html", "tdci_complaint_form": "https://sbs.naic.org/solar-web/pages/public/onlineComplaintForm/onlineComplaintForm.jsf?state=tn" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/insurance.html", "source_name": "Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "There is no Tennessee FAIR Plan website because there is no Tennessee FAIR Plan. TDCI's Insurance Division consumer page is the official starting point for Tennesseans having trouble finding homeowners coverage." }, { "field": "residual_market_structure", "value": "Open admitted market plus surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S); no FAIR Plan, no JUA, no state-backed insurer of last resort.", "value_json": { "primary_path": "private admitted market", "fallback_path": "surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S)", "regulator": "Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance (TDCI), Insurance Division", "no_fair_plan": true, "no_jua": true, "no_beach_wind_plan": true, "context": "Tennessee is land-locked, so there is no historical hurricane-coast pressure that drove FL/NC/SC/TX/MS/AL/LA to set up wind pools. The dominant cat-loss drivers in TN are tornado / severe convective storm and (in East TN) flash flooding and wildland-urban-interface fire." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/insurance.html", "source_name": "Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "When admitted carriers decline a Tennessee homeowner, the practical fallback is a Tennessee-licensed surplus lines broker placing the risk with an eligible non-admitted insurer, or a specialty admitted program (E.g., a manufactured-home specialist or a Lloyd's-backed homeowners program). Surplus lines policies are not backed by the Tennessee Insurance Guaranty Association." }, { "field": "regulatory_authority", "value": "Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance (TDCI), Insurance Division", "value_json": { "name": "Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance", "abbrev": "TDCI", "division": "Insurance Division", "url": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/insurance.html", "address": "Davy Crockett Tower, 500 James Robertson Parkway, Nashville, TN 37243", "commissioner": "Carter Lawrence", "commissioner_since": "2020-11-12", "current_term_ends": "2027-01-16" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/about/commissioner.html", "source_name": "Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-20", "notes": "Carter Lawrence was appointed by Governor Bill Lee on Nov 12, 2020. Lawrence represents the Southeast Zone on the NAIC. TDCI also regulates state-chartered banks, securities, regulatory boards, fire prevention, and TennCare Oversight, but the Insurance Division specifically handles homeowners insurance regulation." }, { "field": "DOI_contact", "value": "TDCI Consumer Insurance Services: (615) 741-2218 or toll-free (800) 342-4029. File a complaint via the NAIC online portal linked from tn.gov/commerce.", "value_json": { "consumer_insurance_services_phone": "(615) 741-2218", "toll_free_phone": "(800) 342-4029", "main_department_phone": "(615) 741-2241", "commissioner_phone": "(615) 741-6007", "address": "TN Department of Commerce and Insurance, Insurance Division, 500 James Robertson Parkway, Nashville, TN 37243", "complaint_url": "https://sbs.naic.org/solar-web/pages/public/onlineComplaintForm/onlineComplaintForm.jsf?state=tn", "file_a_complaint_landing": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/resources--services/file-a-complaint.html" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/insurance/contact.html", "source_name": "Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance , Insurance Division contact page", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "TDCI uses the NAIC SBS online complaint portal (state=tn) rather than a Tennessee-specific complaint form. Phone numbers and address verified from the live TDCI contact page." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Tennessee Code § 56-7-1901 (Cancellation of Personal Risk Insurance Act) requires insurers to give at least 30 days' written notice of non-renewal of any personal-risk policy, including homeowners. § 56-7-1902 requires either a reason in the notice or, on insured's written request within 15 days of effective non-renewal date, a written reason within 20 days. § 56-7-113 bars premium hikes or cancellation based solely on an inquiry (vs. a claim).", "value_json": { "nonrenewal_notice_days": 30, "personal_lines_statute": "Tenn. Code § 56-7-1901", "reasons_statute": "Tenn. Code § 56-7-1902", "inquiry_protection_statute": "Tenn. Code § 56-7-113", "commercial_statute_separate": "Tenn. Code § 56-7-1801 et seq. (Cancellation of Commercial Risk Insurance Act , separate)", "auto_statute_separate": "Tenn. Code § 56-7-1301 et seq.", "reason_request_window_days": 15, "reason_response_window_days": 20, "post_disaster_moratorium": "no standing statutory moratorium; TDCI 2020 tornado bulletins suspended 60-day non-payment cancellations only (not underwriting-based non-renewals); discretionary, not auto-trigger" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/insurance/rules-and-laws.html", "source_name": "Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance, Insurance Division - Rules and Laws (TCA Title 56)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Critical clarification: Tenn. Code § 56-7-1304, which surfaces in non-authoritative summaries, is in Part 13 (Cancellation of Auto Insurance) and does not govern homeowners. The correct homeowners statute is Part 19 (Personal Risk Insurance Act), § 56-7-1901-1902. Tennessee, unlike California, has no Lara-style automatic post-wildfire non-renewal moratorium; TDCI bulletins after declared events are discretionary. Per data-verifier-Wave-21 L13g sweep (2026-05-16): source_url migrated from law.justia.com mirror (third-party, 403) to TDCI-referred official publisher (LexisNexis container) per L13g-CRIT/L19. TN outsourced the official TCA to LexisNexis under a SoS contract; deep-section links are session-tokenised so the container root is the most stable persistent reference." }, { "field": "inquiry_vs_claim_protection", "value": "Tenn. Code § 56-7-113 bars insurers from increasing premium or canceling a homeowners policy solely on the basis of an inquiry; a violation is an unfair trade practice under the Tennessee Unfair Trade Practices and Unfair Claims Settlement Act of 2009.", "value_json": { "statute": "Tenn. Code § 56-7-113", "rule": "no premium increase or cancellation based solely on inquiry", "exception": "if a communication necessitates an investigation that produces a written finding of a change in a known condition / use of premises or a fraudulent act, the inquiry may be treated as a claim", "remedy": "unfair trade practice under Tenn. Code Title 56, Chapter 8 (Unfair Trade Practices and Unfair Claims Settlement Act of 2009)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/insurance/rules-and-laws.html", "source_name": "Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance, Insurance Division - Rules and Laws (TCA Title 56)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "This is the relevant statute to cite when a Tennessee homeowner is afraid to phone their carrier about a damaged roof for fear of triggering a non-renewal. The exception (a written investigation finding) is narrow. Per data-verifier-Wave-21 L13g sweep (2026-05-16): source_url migrated from law.justia.com mirror (third-party, 403) to TDCI-referred official publisher (LexisNexis container) per L13g-CRIT/L19. TN outsourced the official TCA to LexisNexis under a SoS contract; deep-section links are session-tokenised so the container root is the most stable persistent reference." }, { "field": "rate_approval_regime", "value": "Tennessee homeowners rates operate under a file-and-use / use-and-file regime; TDCI reviews property and casualty filings but does not have prior-approval authority comparable to California Prop 103. Personal-lines property filings are processed through SERFF.", "value_json": { "regime": "file-and-use / use-and-file (no prior-approval rate authority for homeowners)", "doi_authority": "review filings for compliance with Tenn. Code Title 56 and rules", "filing_system": "SERFF", "contrast": "California (Prop 103 prior approval), New Jersey (prior approval) require DOI sign-off before rate use" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/insurance/rules-and-laws.html", "source_name": "Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Tennessee is generally classified as a file-and-use state for homeowners. Confidence is medium because a single authoritative TDCI statement of the rate-regulation regime (analogous to DIFI's blunt 'no statutory authority to set or approve rates' line in Arizona) was not located on the live TDCI site in this research pass. The practical effect is the same as Arizona's: TDCI cannot order a rate freeze without legislation." }, { "field": "primary_carriers_market_share", "value": "Tennessee homeowners market is concentrated in: State Farm, Tennessee Farmers Mutual (the Farm Bureau carrier), Allstate, Travelers, Auto-Owners, and USAA. National 2024 NAIC market-share data show State Farm Group at ~18.2% of the US homeowners-multiperil market.", "value_json": { "top_carriers_unranked": [ "State Farm", "Tennessee Farmers Mutual (Farm Bureau Insurance of Tennessee)", "Allstate", "Travelers", "Auto-Owners", "USAA" ], "state_farm_us_homeowners_2024_pct": 18.2, "tn_auto_market_proxy_2023_pct": { "STATE_FARM_GROUP": 19.6, "TENNESSEE_FARMERS_GROUP": 15.9, "ALLSTATE_GROUP": 8.8 }, "data_gap": "TN-specific HO-3 market-share percentages by carrier could not be confirmed from a primary NAIC publication in this research pass; the auto-line numbers above are a directional proxy." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://content.naic.org/sites/default/files/publication-msr-pb-property-casualty.pdf", "source_name": "NAIC 2024 Market Share Reports for Property/Casualty Groups", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Tennessee Farmers Mutual is the Farm Bureau carrier and is a major HO writer in the state; secondary sources also flag it as the cheapest HO in TN (~$2,595/yr on $300K dwelling). Confirm exact TN HO-3 market-share percentages from the NAIC Country-Wide / State Pages before publishing a ranked table." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "No state-level public list of admitted carriers exiting the Tennessee homeowners market 2023-2026 has been issued by TDCI. Aggregate market pressure (rate hikes, stricter roof underwriting, higher wind/hail deductibles) is well-documented, but per-carrier withdrawal announcements that defined the CA/FL narratives have not had clean TN equivalents.", "value_json": { "0": { "carrier": "(market aggregate)", "action": "tighter underwriting on older roofs; rising wind/hail deductibles; faster non-renewals after multiple weather claims", "date": "2023-2025", "source": "industry reporting; TDCI consumer protection data and market conduct reporting" }, "1": { "carrier": "(no named admitted carrier exit confirmed by TDCI)", "action": "no TDCI bulletin in 2023-2026 announces a major admitted homeowner-line withdrawal from TN comparable to State Farm/Allstate's 2023 CA pause", "date": "2023-2026" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/insurance.html", "source_name": "Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance / industry reporting", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "This is the cleanest current finding: Tennessee's pressure is showing up in rates, deductibles, and underwriting (especially after Memphis hail seasons and December 2023 Middle TN tornadoes) rather than in named-carrier exits. Update this field if TDCI issues a withdrawal-disclosure bulletin." }, { "field": "surplus_lines_role", "value": "When admitted carriers decline a Tennessee home (typically due to roof age, prior claims, manufactured home, severe-storm or WUI exposure), the practical fallback is a Tennessee-licensed surplus lines broker placing the risk with an eligible non-admitted (E&S) insurer. Surplus lines policies are not backed by the Tennessee Insurance Guaranty Association.", "value_json": { "regulator": "Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance , Insurance Division", "broker_licensing": "TDCI Agent Licensing (615) 741-2693", "guaranty_fund_note": "Surplus lines policies are not protected by the Tennessee Insurance Guaranty Association (TIGA)", "tiga_url": "https://www.tiga.net/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.tiga.net/", "source_name": "Tennessee Insurance Guaranty Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The guaranty-fund delta is the key consumer-protection caveat for any Tennessee homeowner pushed into surplus lines: if the non-admitted insurer becomes insolvent, the policyholder is not made whole the way an admitted-carrier policyholder would be under TIGA." }, { "field": "average_premium", "value": "NAIC 2022 average HO-3 premium in Tennessee was $1,492 (US average $1,569; rank tied 23rd). Rate-filing data and market surveys for 2025-2026 indicate the TN average is approximately $2,958-$3,085/yr for $300K dwelling on HO-3. The gap reflects (a) inflation in rebuild costs, (b) tornado/hail loss ratios, (c) coverage-amount differences.", "value_json": { "naic_2022_tn_avg_usd": 1492, "naic_2022_us_avg_usd": 1569, "naic_2022_tn_rank": "tied 23rd (with California)", "aggregator_2025_2026_tn_avg_usd_low": 2958, "aggregator_2025_2026_tn_avg_usd_high": 3085, "us_aggregator_2025_2026_avg_usd": 3468, "memphis_avg_2024_2025_usd": 2197, "rate_increase_2022_to_2023_pct": 20, "premium_form_assumption": "HO-3 owner-occupied, ~$300K dwelling coverage" }, "unit": "USD", "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/table-archive/21407", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute, Average Premiums for Homeowners and Renters Insurance by State (NAIC data, 2022 most recent)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Authoritative NAIC figure ($1,492 / 2022) lags by ~3 years; market aggregators (a secondary aggregator, a secondary aggregator, LendingTree, a secondary aggregator) report ~$2,958-$3,085 for 2025-2026 but assume larger dwelling limits ($300K vs NAIC's blended-form basis) and reflect 2023-2024 rate filings. Use both anchors when telling the premium-history story." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Standard Tennessee HO-3 policies cover fire/lightning, windstorm (incl. tornado), hail, theft, vandalism, water-from-burst-pipe, etc.; they exclude flood and earthquake. New Madrid earthquake coverage is available as an endorsement or stand-alone. Flood is NFIP / private flood only. Most TN HO policies have a separate percentage wind/hail deductible (commonly 1-5% of dwelling limit), and some carriers now apply roof-age depreciation (ACV-only on roofs older than ~10-15 years) on a separate endorsement.", "value_json": { "covered_in_standard_ho3": [ "fire", "lightning", "windstorm (tornado)", "hail", "theft", "vandalism", "burst-pipe water" ], "excluded_from_standard_ho3": [ "flood", "earthquake (incl. New Madrid)", "ground movement" ], "separate_endorsements_needed": [ "NFIP or private flood", "earthquake (New Madrid)" ], "common_deductible_structures": { "all_other_perils": "flat (often $1,000-$2,500)", "wind_hail": "percentage of dwelling (typical 1-5%)" }, "roof_underwriting_trends": "ACV-only roof endorsements on roofs >10-15 years (carrier specific), refusal to write or renew on 3-tab asphalt past useful life, mandatory roof inspections in some markets" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/insurance.html", "source_name": "Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance / standard HO-3 industry forms", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Roof-age ACV and separate wind/hail deductibles are well-documented industry trends in TN since the 2010s Memphis-area hail seasons. Cite an actual TN HO-3 sample policy or a TDCI consumer bulletin before publishing carrier-specific deductible numbers." }, { "field": "tornado_exposure", "value": "Tennessee recorded 1,456 tornadoes 1950-2025 per NOAA NWS Nashville (408 fatalities, 5,098 injuries on prior injury count; EF5/F5 count: 1; EF3+ count: 122). Annual average 1995-2025 = ~31 tornadoes/yr; long-run 1950-2025 average ~19/yr. Recent years: 2020 = 35 (27 deaths, incl. Putnam County EF4 with 19 deaths), 2021 = 66 (4 deaths), 2022 = 5 (0 deaths), 2023 = 40 (17 deaths, incl. December 9 Hendersonville/Madison outbreak), 2024 = 19 (1 death), 2025 = 50 (9 deaths). Note: prior file showed 425 fatalities (1950-2024); NWS Nashville live page now shows 408 fatalities for 1950-2025; the difference reflects NWS regional database vs. NOAA SPC national database methodology.", "value_json": { "total_1950_2025": 1456, "fatalities_1950_2025_nws": 408, "fatalities_note": "NWS Nashville live page shows 408 for 1950-2025; prior file showed 425 for 1950-2024 (SPC database; reconciliation pending)", "injuries_1950_2024": 5098, "ef5_or_f5_count": 1, "ef3_plus_count": 122, "avg_per_year_1950_2025": 19, "avg_per_year_1995_2025": 31, "annual_counts": { "2020": 35, "2021": 66, "2022": 5, "2023": 40, "2024": 19, "2025": 50 }, "annual_fatalities": { "2020": 27, "2021": 4, "2022": 0, "2023": 17, "2024": 1, "2025": 9 }, "notable_events": [ "March 2-3, 2020: 25 fatalities (Putnam County EF4)", "December 10-11, 2021: Western KY/TN outbreak", "December 9, 2023: Middle TN outbreak: 7 fatalities, 84 injuries; EF-2 through Madison/Gallatin/Hendersonville damaged 137 businesses; mobile-home community deaths on Nesbitt Lane", "May 6-10, 2024: EF3 east of Columbia TN: 1 fatality, 4 injuries", "2025: 50 tornadoes, 9 deaths statewide" ], "dixie_alley_nighttime_share_pct": 73 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.weather.gov/ohx/tntornadostats", "source_name": "NOAA / NWS Nashville Tennessee Tornado Statistics", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Tennessee sits in the heart of 'Dixie Alley' and >73% of its tornado deaths occur at night , the highest nighttime-fatality share in the US. Mobile-home density and rain-wrapped/fast-moving storm dynamics make TN tornado fatalities disproportionately high relative to tornado counts." }, { "field": "memphis_hail_context", "value": "Memphis (Shelby County) sits in a high-frequency hail corridor and is among the costliest US metros for hail insurance losses. Spring thunderstorm systems through the mid-South regularly produce hail events that drive full-roof-replacement claims; the city also sits adjacent to the New Madrid Seismic Zone, has older housing stock, and elevated property-crime exposure , all of which compound homeowner-insurance underwriting friction. Average Memphis HO premium for $300K dwelling ~ $2,197/yr (2024-2025).", "value_json": { "memphis_avg_premium_2024_2025_usd": 2197, "structural_drivers": [ "frequent severe convective storms and hail", "proximity to New Madrid Seismic Zone (separate earthquake exposure)", "older housing stock (higher rebuild cost, less wind-resistant)", "above-state-average property crime" ], "common_underwriting_outcomes": [ "separate wind/hail deductible (typical 1-2% of dwelling)", "ACV roof endorsements on older roofs", "non-renewal after 2+ wind/hail claims in 3-5 years" ], "national_context": "US severe-convective-storm insured losses exceeded $34B in 1H 2024 (Aon); 2023 SCS insured losses were $58B+; US residential roof claims hit $31B in 2024 (Verisk, ~30% increase since 2022)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/international/2026/01/21/855026.htm", "source_name": "Aon Global Catastrophe Recap / Verisk roof-claims data / Memphis-area secondary aggregator", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Memphis-specific average ($2,197) comes from a a secondary aggregator market summary; the systemic SCS data are Aon/Verisk primary releases. The 'Memphis is hail-prone' assertion is well-established but no per-state TN hail-loss figure was located in this pass , pull NOAA SPC hail-event counts for Shelby County before publishing a precise number." }, { "field": "wui_exposure", "value": "Tennessee has meaningful wildland-urban-interface (WUI) exposure in East TN (Sevier, Cocke, Blount, Polk, Monroe, Hamilton, Greene, Unicoi, Carter counties), concentrated in the southern Appalachians around Gatlinburg, Pigeon Forge, and the Chilhowee Mountain area. Fall (Oct-Dec) is the most dangerous WUI fire season due to dry air, leaf litter, and cold fronts. Exposure is far smaller than CA/CO/AZ but is real and growing.", "value_json": { "primary_wui_counties": [ "Sevier", "Cocke", "Blount", "Polk", "Monroe", "Hamilton", "Greene", "Unicoi", "Carter" ], "anchor_event": "2016 Great Smoky Mountains wildfires (Chimney Tops 2)", "fire_season_window": "October through December (secondary spring season also)", "scale_vs_west": "an order of magnitude smaller than CA / CO / AZ WUI; not on Cotality's top-state list", "trend": "growing as residential development pushes into the Smokies and Cumberland Plateau foothills" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://sevier.tennessee.edu/firewise/", "source_name": "UT Extension , Sevier County Firewise / Tennessee Division of Forestry", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Tennessee is not on Cotality's national top-states-by-WUI-homes list. Confidence is medium because a single authoritative count of TN homes-at-moderate-or-greater-wildfire-risk (the AZ analogue: 124,000 homes) was not located in this research pass. Pull Tennessee Division of Forestry's WUI assessment or a US Forest Service report before publishing a per-county home-count." }, { "field": "catastrophe_history", "value": "Modern Tennessee catastrophes affecting homes: 2016 Great Smoky Mountains / Chimney Tops 2 wildfires (Gatlinburg, ~17,000 acres, ~2,500 structures damaged/destroyed, 14+ deaths, ~$800M in insurance payouts on ~$900M sustained losses); March 2020 Middle TN tornado outbreak (25 deaths incl. Putnam County EF4); December 10-11 2021 Western KY/TN outbreak; December 9 2023 Middle TN outbreak (7 deaths, EF-2 through Hendersonville/Madison); September 2024 Hurricane Helene (East TN, ~145 damaged homes in Unicoi County alone, Erwin/Newport flooding, US Helene insured losses $6B-$11B excl. NFIP per Verisk; total damages $78.7B).", "value_json": { "events": [ { "name": "Great Smoky Mountains Chimney Tops 2 wildfires", "year": 2016, "acres": 17000, "structures": 2500, "deaths": 14, "insurance_paid_usd": 800000000, "sustained_losses_usd": 900000000, "counties": [ "Sevier" ], "note": "Insurance carriers paid ~$800M on ~2,866 closed claims (~87.8% of sustained losses); 40+ carriers later sued the federal government for ~$450M in subrogation" }, { "name": "March 2-3 2020 Tennessee tornado outbreak", "year": 2020, "deaths": 25, "counties": [ "Davidson", "Wilson", "Putnam" ], "note": "Putnam County EF4 killed 19; Cookeville and Nashville areas heavily damaged" }, { "name": "December 10-11 2021 Western Kentucky / Tennessee tornado outbreak", "year": 2021, "counties": [ "Lake", "Obion", "Weakley", "Dyer" ], "note": "Catastrophic across western TN and KY; Mayfield KY focal point" }, { "name": "December 9 2023 Middle Tennessee tornado outbreak", "year": 2023, "deaths": 7, "injuries": 84, "counties": [ "Montgomery", "Sumner", "Davidson" ], "note": "EF-2 through Madison-Gallatin-Hendersonville; 137 businesses damaged on/near Main Street Hendersonville; mobile-home community fatalities on Nesbitt Lane" }, { "name": "Hurricane Helene (East Tennessee inland flooding)", "year": 2024, "counties": [ "Unicoi", "Cocke", "Greene", "Washington", "Carter", "Johnson" ], "note": "I-26/US-23 bridges across the Nolichucky River destroyed at Erwin; 6 Impact Plastics workers killed; ~145 damaged homes in Unicoi County electric service area (80 destroyed); Pigeon River set new record stage of 28.9 ft at Newport. US Helene insured losses $6B-$11B excl. NFIP (Verisk, Oct 2024; includes wind, storm surge, precipitation-induced flood); total damages $78.7B" } ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.verisk.com/company/newsroom/verisk-estimates-industry-insured-losses-in-u.s.-for-hurricane-helene-will-range-between-usd-6-billion-to-usd-11-billion/", "source_name": "Verisk Extreme Event Solutions (Helene loss figure) / Wikipedia / NOAA NHC AL092024 / TEMA Flash Reports", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Helene's insurance-coverage story in TN is dominated by the flood-vs-wind question: most East TN damage was riverine flood, which is excluded from standard HO-3 and was largely uninsured because NFIP take-up rates in the affected counties are very low. This is the single biggest underinsurance gap visible in TN cat data." }, { "field": "helene_flood_gap", "value": "Hurricane Helene's Tennessee damage was dominated by riverine and flash flooding, which standard HO-3 policies do not cover. NFIP penetration in the affected East TN counties (Unicoi, Cocke, Greene, Washington, Carter, Johnson) is very low: many of the destroyed homes had no flood insurance at all. Verisk's settled industry loss estimate (October 2024) placed US Helene insured losses at $6B-$11B excluding NFIP, covering wind, storm surge, and precipitation-induced flood. The bulk of the underinsurance is concentrated inland where riverine flood was the dominant peril.", "value_json": { "event": "Hurricane Helene", "date": "2024-09-26 to 2024-09-29", "us_total_damages_usd": 78700000000, "us_insured_losses_excl_nfip_usd_range_low": 6000000000, "us_insured_losses_excl_nfip_usd_range_high": 11000000000, "us_insured_losses_source": "Verisk Extreme Event Solutions, October 8 2024; includes wind, storm surge, and precipitation-induced flood; excludes NFIP", "tn_counties_hardest_hit": [ "Unicoi", "Cocke", "Greene", "Washington", "Carter", "Johnson" ], "primary_peril_in_tn": "riverine / flash flood (not covered by HO-3)", "coverage_takeaway": "Most East TN homeowners affected by Helene had no NFIP policy; standard HO-3 covered wind damage but not flood inundation" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.verisk.com/company/newsroom/verisk-estimates-industry-insured-losses-in-u.s.-for-hurricane-helene-will-range-between-usd-6-billion-to-usd-11-billion/", "source_name": "Verisk Extreme Event Solutions, Hurricane Helene US Insured Loss Estimate, October 2024", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "This is the single most consequential underinsurance story in 2024 TN data , and it's a useful counter-narrative to the 'TN has no insurance crisis because no FAIR Plan' framing. The crisis here is the flood-coverage gap, not the residual market." }, { "field": "recent_legislation", "value": "No Tennessee bill in the 113th (2023-2024) or 114th (2025-2026) General Assembly has been identified that creates a FAIR Plan or other residual property insurance mechanism for homeowners. TDCI has not publicly proposed one. The 2025 Think Tennessee legislative summary does not flag a residual-property-insurance bill.", "value_json": { "ga_113_2023_2024": "no FAIR Plan / residual-market bill identified", "ga_114_2025_2026": "no FAIR Plan / residual-market bill identified", "tdci_position": "no public proposal to create a residual property market", "related_areas_with_2025_activity": [ "third-party litigation funding reform (national context)", "general property-tax / building-code updates (separate from insurance)" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/", "source_name": "Tennessee General Assembly Bill Information", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Confidence is medium because a comprehensive subject-tagged search of the 113th and 114th GA bill index was not exhaustively performed in this pass. The absence-of-bill finding aligns with TDCI's public posture and with the fact that TN homeowners-market pressure has not produced the political crisis that drove FL, CA, LA, and (recently) CO residual-market reform." }, { "field": "mitigation_programs", "value": "Tennessee has no statutory mandate that carriers credit mitigation (impact-resistant roofs, defensible space, Firewise community participation). Mitigation discounts are voluntary and carrier-specific. UT Extension runs Firewise USA outreach in Sevier and other East TN counties. The IBHS FORTIFIED Home program is available but adoption is small relative to AL/MS/NC.", "value_json": { "statutory_mitigation_credit_mandate": false, "voluntary_credits_available_from": [ "varies by carrier; impact-resistant roof discounts most common" ], "firewise_program": "UT Extension Sevier County and adjacent East TN counties", "fortified_home_program": "available; modest TN adoption vs Alabama / Mississippi where state grants drive uptake", "contrast_state": "Alabama Strengthen Alabama Homes grant program funds IBHS FORTIFIED roofs; TN has no analogous program" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://sevier.tennessee.edu/firewise/", "source_name": "UT Extension Sevier County Firewise program", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "If TN ever wants to reduce reliance on residual-market alternatives without creating a FAIR Plan, the Alabama-style 'Strengthen Alabama Homes' grant model is the most likely template. Confirm IBHS FORTIFIED counts in TN before publishing." }, { "field": "guaranty_fund", "value": "Tennessee Insurance Guaranty Association (TIGA) covers claims against insolvent admitted property and casualty carriers; it does not cover surplus lines / non-admitted carriers.", "value_json": { "fund_name": "Tennessee Insurance Guaranty Association (TIGA)", "url": "https://www.tiga.net/", "covers": "admitted (licensed) property and casualty insurers", "does_not_cover": "surplus lines / non-admitted (E&S) insurers" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.tiga.net/", "source_name": "Tennessee Insurance Guaranty Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Same structural consumer-protection delta as Arizona: a TN homeowner forced into surplus lines loses TIGA backstop, while typically paying more for narrower coverage. This is the practical price of Tennessee having no FAIR Plan." }, { "field": "consumer_guidance", "value": "If admitted carriers decline you in Tennessee, your options are: (1) shop the admitted market broadly (Tennessee Farmers Mutual, State Farm, Allstate, Travelers, Auto-Owners, USAA all write in TN); (2) work with a TN-licensed surplus lines broker to access non-admitted (E&S) capacity, knowing that surplus lines policies are not backed by TIGA; (3) replace/upgrade the roof or remove other underwriting flags before re-shopping; (4) for East TN flood exposure, separately purchase NFIP or private flood , it is not in your HO-3; (5) file a complaint with TDCI Consumer Insurance Services at (615) 741-2218 / (800) 342-4029 if a non-renewal violated Tenn. Code § 56-7-1901 or § 56-7-113.", "value_json": { "options": [ "shop the broader admitted market (TN Farmers, State Farm, Allstate, Travelers, Auto-Owners, USAA)", "surplus lines via TN-licensed broker (no TIGA backing)", "roof / mitigation upgrades, then re-shop", "NFIP or private flood for East TN riverine exposure (separate from HO-3)", "complaint to TDCI Consumer Insurance Services if statutory notice / inquiry rules violated" ], "no_fair_plan_fallback": true, "statutes": [ "Tenn. Code § 56-7-1901", "Tenn. Code § 56-7-1902", "Tenn. Code § 56-7-113" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/insurance.html", "source_name": "Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The flood guidance (NFIP/private flood separate from HO-3) is the single most important consumer-protection point in East TN after Helene 2024." }, { "field": "key_statutes", "value": "Core Tennessee homeowners-insurance statutes: § 56-7-1901 (personal-risk non-renewal, 30-day notice); § 56-7-1902 (statement of reasons; 15-day request / 20-day response window); § 56-7-113 (inquiry vs claim , no premium-increase / cancellation on inquiry alone; violation is unfair trade practice); § 56-7-1801 et seq. (Cancellation of Commercial Risk Insurance Act , separate from personal lines); Title 56, Chapter 8 (Unfair Trade Practices and Unfair Claims Settlement Act of 2009).", "value_json": { "TCA_56_7_1901": "Personal-risk non-renewal: 30 days' written notice", "TCA_56_7_1902": "Reasons for nonrenewal: 15-day insured request / 20-day insurer response", "TCA_56_7_113": "Inquiry vs claim , no rate hike / cancellation solely on inquiry; violation is unfair trade practice", "TCA_56_7_1801_et_seq": "Cancellation of Commercial Risk Insurance Act (commercial only, not personal HO)", "TCA_Title_56_Chapter_8": "Unfair Trade Practices and Unfair Claims Settlement Act of 2009" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/insurance/rules-and-laws.html", "source_name": "Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance, Insurance Division - Rules and Laws (TCA Title 56)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Citing § 56-7-1304 (auto) or § 56-7-1804 (commercial) for a homeowners non-renewal question is a common error in non-authoritative summaries , the correct cite is § 56-7-1901. Per data-verifier-Wave-21 L13g sweep (2026-05-16): source_url migrated from law.justia.com mirror (third-party, 403) to TDCI-referred official publisher (LexisNexis container) per L13g-CRIT/L19. TN outsourced the official TCA to LexisNexis under a SoS contract; deep-section links are session-tokenised so the container root is the most stable persistent reference." }, { "field": "post_disaster_protection", "value": "Tennessee has NO standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium of the California § 675.1 type. TDCI has historically issued discretionary bulletins after declared disasters (e.g., the 2020 Middle TN and Southeast TN tornado bulletins), but those bulletins suspended ONLY cancellations and non-renewals for non-payment of premium; they did not bar an insurer from non-renewing for underwriting reasons (roof age, prior claims, change in risk). A consumer should not assume a TDCI bulletin protects them from every form of policy action.", "value_json": { "standing_moratorium": false, "moratorium_authority": "TDCI discretionary bulletin only; no statutory auto-trigger", "moratorium_scope_2020_bulletins": "suspended cancellation and non-renewal for non-payment of premium ONLY; underwriting-based non-renewal (roof age, prior claims, etc.) was NOT barred", "examples": [ "2020-03-13 TDCI bulletin: 60-day non-payment-cancellation suspension for Middle TN tornado victims", "2020-04-27 TDCI bulletin: 60-day non-payment-cancellation suspension for Southeast TN tornado victims" ], "contrast_ca": "California Cal. Ins. Code § 675.1 (1-year automatic post-wildfire non-renewal moratorium in declared ZIPs; full-scope, not limited to non-payment)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/news/2020/3/13/tdci--tornado-victims--insurance-policies-cannot-be-canceled-for-60-days.html", "source_name": "Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance , 2020 tornado moratorium bulletin", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-132 (2026-05-15): MATERIAL correction to scope. Prior phrasing implied the 2020 TDCI bulletins suspended all policy actions for 60 days; the actual bulletins (and ReSource Pro / industry compliance trackers confirming them) suspended ONLY non-payment cancellations and non-renewals. A homeowner non-renewed for underwriting reasons after a declared disaster has no protection under those bulletins. Bulletins remain useful precedent but homeowners cannot rely on a CA-style auto-moratorium." }, { "field": "industry_data_sources", "value": "Authoritative TN-specific datasets for tracking the homeowners-insurance market: (1) NAIC Annual Homeowners Insurance Report (state-level HO-3 premium, latest report covers 2022 data); (2) NAIC Country-Wide / State Pages (insurer-level direct written premium); (3) TDCI consumer-complaint annual reports; (4) NOAA SPC / NWS Nashville tornado statistics; (5) NOAA NHC tropical-cyclone reports (Helene 2024); (6) TEMA flash reports for declared events; (7) US Senate Budget Committee 2024 non-renewal data call (23 carriers, ~65% market, county-level).", "value_json": { "naic_ho_report": { "url": "https://content.naic.org/article/news-release-naic-releases-homeowners-insurance-report", "latest_data_year": 2022, "use": "state-level HO-3 average premium, market distribution" }, "tdci_consumer_data": { "url": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/insurance.html", "use": "annual returned-money reports, market conduct examinations" }, "noaa_spc": { "url": "https://www.weather.gov/ohx/tntornadostats", "use": "TN-specific tornado counts and fatalities" }, "noaa_nhc": { "url": "https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/", "use": "tropical-cyclone reports incl. Helene 2024 East TN flooding" }, "senate_budget_committee_2024": { "url": "https://www.budget.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/next_to_fall_the_climate-driven_insurance_crisis_is_here__and_getting_worse.pdf", "level": "county", "years": "2018-2023", "carriers": 23, "market_share_pct": 65 } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://content.naic.org/article/news-release-naic-releases-homeowners-insurance-report", "source_name": "NAIC / NOAA / TDCI / US Senate Budget Committee", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Tennessee does not have a state-specific wildfire / cat-data call analogous to AZ DIFI's 2025-2026 mandatory data call. The best public datasets are the federal/national ones plus TDCI's annual consumer reports." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "2020-03 / 2020-04: TDCI 60-day cancellation moratoria after Middle TN and Southeast TN tornadoes. 2023-12-09: Middle TN tornado outbreak (Hendersonville/Madison/Gallatin, 7 deaths). 2024-05: May 6-10 tornado outbreak, EF3 near Columbia TN (1 death). 2024-09: Hurricane Helene devastates East TN (Unicoi/Cocke/Greene/Carter), riverine flooding dominant, NFIP gap exposed; US insured losses $6B-$11B excl. NFIP (Verisk). 2025: TDCI announces $17.54M returned to Tennesseans in 2024 consumer-protection actions. 2026-02-03: TDCI Commissioner Lawrence and Attorney General Skrmetti issued joint statement on Winter Storm Fern insurance-claims handling (storm ran January 23-27, 2026); TDCI extended related filing deadlines in an April 13, 2026 announcement. 2026-04-13: TDCI issues Bulletin 25-03 on aerial imagery: satellite, drone, and aircraft photography cannot be the sole basis for non-renewal or claim denial; insurers must notify homeowners when aerial imagery is used and allow disputes; violations constitute unfair claims practices under Tenn. Code § 56-8-105.", "value_json": { "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-03-13", "event": "TDCI 60-day cancellation moratorium: Middle TN tornado victims" }, { "date": "2020-04-27", "event": "TDCI 60-day cancellation moratorium: Southeast TN tornado victims" }, { "date": "2023-12-09", "event": "Middle TN tornado outbreak; 7 deaths, 84 injuries" }, { "date": "2024-05-06", "event": "Mid-South May 6-10 tornado outbreak; EF3 near Columbia TN (1 death)" }, { "date": "2024-09-26", "event": "Hurricane Helene East TN flooding; ~145 damaged homes in Unicoi alone; Pigeon River 28.9 ft record at Newport; US insured losses $6B-$11B excl. NFIP (Verisk)" }, { "date": "2025-03-04", "event": "TDCI announces $17.54M returned to consumers in 2024", "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/news/2025/3/4/tdci-announces-over-17-54-million-returned-to-tennesseans-in-2024.html" }, { "date": "2026-02-03", "event": "TDCI Commissioner Lawrence and AG Skrmetti joint statement on Winter Storm Fern insurance-claims handling; storm ran January 23-27, 2026", "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/news/2026/2/3/tdci-commissioner-lawrence-ag-jonathan-skrmetti-issue-joint-statement-on-winter-storm-insurance-claims.html" }, { "date": "2026-04-13", "event": "TDCI Bulletin 25-03: aerial photography (satellite, drone, aircraft) cannot be sole basis for non-renewal or claim denial; insurers must notify homeowners when aerial imagery is used and allow disputes; violations are unfair claims practices under Tenn. Code § 56-8-105", "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/news/2026/4/14/tdci-shares-important-considerations-for-the-use-of-aerial-imagery-as-it-relates-to-insurance-coverage.html" } ], "no_fair_plan_legislation_in_window": true, "current_commissioner": { "name": "Carter Lawrence", "title": "Commissioner of Commerce and Insurance", "confirmed_date": "2020-11-12", "predecessor": "Hodgen Mainda (resigned to enter private sector, effective 2020-11-13)", "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/about/commissioner.html", "source_name": "Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 7, "label": "7" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 9, "label": "9" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 7, "label": "7" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 11, "label": "11" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 8, "label": "8" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Tennessee billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/TN", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/news/", "source_name": "Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance, news releases", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "The Helene 2024 East TN flooding is the single most important recent event for understanding TN's underinsurance problem; it surfaces the riverine-flood gap, not a residual-market gap." }, { "field": "title_override", "value": "Tennessee FAIR Plan: none; Helene 2024 flood gap", "value_json": { "h1": "Tennessee FAIR Plan: none. Helene 2024's East TN flood gap", "title": "Tennessee FAIR Plan: none; Helene 2024 East TN flood gap", "meta_description": "Tennessee has no FAIR Plan. Helene's September 2024 East TN floods exposed the NFIP gap a FAIR Plan wouldn't close (HO-3 excludes flood)." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL092024_Helene.pdf", "source_name": "NOAA / NHC Tropical Cyclone Report AL092024 (Hurricane Helene)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "title_override per copywriter-205 cross-cutting #1/#2: the prior shared template title was uniform across the 14 batch-14 no-plan states. Differentiates with Tennessee's load-bearing 2024 fact — Hurricane Helene (Sept 26-29, 2024) devastated East TN with riverine and flash flooding in Unicoi/Cocke/Greene/Carter/Johnson counties; standard HO-3 policies exclude flood and NFIP penetration is very low in those counties, so a FAIR Plan would not have helped (the gap is flood, not residual). Title 48c, body meta 155c. NHC URL is correct primary source — this is a meteorological/cat-event fact, not a legislative one, so L13g doesn't apply. (Winter Storm Fern and the TDCI $17.54M consumer-recovery figure are both in `recent_changes` but neither is the load-bearing differentiator for the TN no-FAIR-Plan story — Helene's flood-vs-FAIR-Plan framing is the editorially strongest hook.)" } ] }, { "code": "TX", "name": "Texas", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/texas-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "mechanisms": [ "Texas FAIR Plan Association (statewide inland fire/property)", "Texas Windstorm Insurance Association (TWIA, coastal wind/hail pool)" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.texasfairplan.org/", "source_name": "Texas FAIR Plan Association / TWIA", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Texas has TWO residual-market property mechanisms: the Texas FAIR Plan Association (TFPA) for the standard fire/property market statewide, and the Texas Windstorm Insurance Association (TWIA) which writes wind/hail only in the 14 first-tier coastal counties + part of Harris County." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Texas FAIR Plan Association (TFPA); Texas Windstorm Insurance Association (TWIA)", "value_json": { "fair_plan": "Texas FAIR Plan Association", "wind_pool": "Texas Windstorm Insurance Association" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.texasfairplan.org/", "source_name": "Texas FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Both are administered by the Texas Windstorm/FAIR Plan staff under TDI oversight." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.texasfairplan.org/ (FAIR Plan); https://www.twia.org/ (TWIA)", "value_json": { "fair_plan_url": "https://www.texasfairplan.org/", "twia_url": "https://www.twia.org/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.texasfairplan.org/", "source_name": "Texas FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": null }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "TFPA: homeowners (HO-A type) and dwelling/fire policies covering fire and lightning (required), plus typically sudden/accidental smoke, windstorm and hail (EXCEPT no wind/hail in the 14 coastal catastrophe counties + Harris east of SH-146, that goes to TWIA), explosion, aircraft and vehicles, riot and civil commotion, and theft. Personal property settled at actual cash value unless replacement cost is purchased. Does NOT cover: falling trees/objects, building collapse, breakage of glass, weight of ice/snow/sleet, freezing of plumbing/HVAC, mold/fungi remediation, sewer/drain backup, sudden/accidental water discharge, scheduled valuables, flood. TWIA: windstorm and hail ONLY (residential dwelling + contents + manufactured homes; commercial buildings; townhouses/condos; signs, fences, pools, flagpoles).", "value_json": { "tfpa_perils": [ "fire", "lightning", "smoke", "windstorm/hail (except coastal cat counties)", "explosion", "aircraft and vehicles", "riot/civil commotion", "theft" ], "tfpa_exclusions": [ "falling trees/objects", "building collapse", "glass breakage", "weight of ice/snow/sleet", "freezing of plumbing/HVAC", "mold/fungi remediation", "sewer/drain backup", "accidental water discharge", "scheduled valuables", "flood", "liability beyond basic" ], "twia_perils": [ "windstorm", "hail" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.texasfairplan.org/about-us/coverage-eligibility/", "source_name": "Texas FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "TFPA exclusion list quoted from texasfairplan.org coverage-eligibility page. TFPA wind/hail exclusion in coastal cat counties confirmed by TDI overview. TWIA peril scope from twia.org." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "TWIA: $1,773,000 residential dwelling (1-2 family) limit for 2026 policies. TWIA's proposed 2 percent inflation increase (to $1,809,000) was DISAPPROVED by the Commissioner's final Order 2025-9540 (effective Jan 1, 2026); only manufactured-home limits were approved, so the residential limit is unchanged from 2025. Commercial limit ~$2.5M. TFPA: total insurable value generally capped around the property value; TFPA homeowners/dwelling policies historically capped near $1.8-$2M but verify current TFPA limit.", "value_json": { "twia_residential_2026": 1773000, "twia_residential_year": 2026, "twia_residential_prior_year": 1773000, "twia_proposed_2026_disapproved": 1809000, "currency": "USD", "tfpa_limit": null }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/submissions/documents/20259540.pdf", "source_name": "Texas Department of Insurance, Final Order No. 2025-9540 (TWIA 2026 maximum liability limits)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-01", "notes": "TWIA 2026 residential dwelling limit is $1,773,000 (UNCHANGED from 2025). History: Order 2025-9513 reflected TWIA's PROPOSED 2 percent inflation increase to $1,809,000; a prior data-verifier (Wave-13, 2026-05-16) mistook that proposal for the adopted figure and set the row to $1,809,000. The Commissioner's FINAL Order 2025-9540 (effective 2026-01-01) DISAPPROVED the increase for all categories except manufactured homes, so the residential limit stayed at $1,773,000. Re-verified 2026-06-01 against Order 2025-9540 (primary), the ReSource Pro regulatory bulletin, and multiple market sources confirming '$1,773,000 locked for 2026'. TFPA exact current dwelling cap: unverified, needs manual check of TFPA Fact Book PDF." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "typical (for TWIA wind-only policyholders)", "value_json": { "status": "typical for TWIA wind-only" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.twia.org/coverage-eligibility/", "source_name": "Texas Windstorm Insurance Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Coastal homeowners typically pair a TWIA wind-only policy with a separate ex-wind homeowners policy from a standard carrier (which covers fire, theft, liability, etc.) plus an NFIP/private flood policy. For TFPA, a separate flood policy and sometimes a liability/umbrella policy are common supplements. Not a single named 'DIC' product like California, but the layered structure is standard." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "TFPA: must have been denied property insurance by at least TWO insurers licensed and actually writing property insurance in Texas; cannot have a current homeowners/property policy, a renewal offer, or a valid offer of comparable coverage from another licensed Texas insurer; property must not be condemned/vacant/in disrepair; no more than 8 paid claims (excluding glass) in 3 years; no arson/fraud convictions; must reapply every 2 years. TWIA: property must be in one of the 14 first-tier coastal counties (Aransas, Brazoria, Calhoun, Cameron, Chambers, Galveston, Jefferson, Kenedy, Kleberg, Matagorda, Nueces, Refugio, San Patricio, Willacy) or Harris County east of SH-146; must have been DECLINED for wind/hail coverage by at least ONE authorized insurer actively writing wind/hail in the designated area; structure must be certified (WPI-8 / WPI-8-E / WPI-8-C) as built to applicable building codes (limited exceptions); properties in flood zones V/VE/V1-30 built after Sept 1, 2009 must carry flood insurance.", "value_json": { "tfpa_declinations_required": 2, "tfpa_reapply_years": 2, "tfpa_max_claims_3yr": 8, "twia_declinations_required": 1, "twia_coastal_counties": [ "Aransas", "Brazoria", "Calhoun", "Cameron", "Chambers", "Galveston", "Jefferson", "Kenedy", "Kleberg", "Matagorda", "Nueces", "Refugio", "San Patricio", "Willacy" ], "twia_harris_partial": "east of SH-146", "twia_wpi8_required": true, "twia_flood_required_zones": [ "V", "VE", "V1-30" ], "twia_flood_required_built_after": "2009-09-01" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.texasfairplan.org/about-us/coverage-eligibility/", "source_name": "Texas FAIR Plan Association / Texas Windstorm Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "TFPA: 2 declinations + reapply every 2 years + 8-claim cap from texasfairplan.org. TWIA: 1 declination + 14 counties + WPI-8 + flood-zone rule from twia.org/coverage-eligibility and TDI." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Both TFPA and TWIA: only through an authorized/licensed Texas insurance agent. Neither sells directly to the public. Agents must be appointed/authorized to submit applications.", "value_json": { "channel": "authorized licensed Texas agent", "tfpa_info": "https://www.texasfairplan.org/", "twia_info": "https://www.twia.org/property-owners/get-windstorm-insurance/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.texasfairplan.org/about-us/coverage-eligibility/", "source_name": "Texas FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": null }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "TFPA: generally more expensive than the standard market for narrower coverage (named-peril, ACL on contents unless replacement-cost added, many exclusions). TWIA: wind/hail rates are set by TDI; for some high-risk coastal homes TWIA can be cheaper than the private wind market, for others more expensive, and TWIA imposes a separate, often very high, named-storm/hurricane percentage deductible.", "value_json": { "tfpa": "more expensive, narrower coverage", "twia": "TDI-set rates; varies vs private wind market; high named-storm deductible" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/pc/fair-overview.pdf", "source_name": "Texas Department of Insurance", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": null }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "TWIA: as of Dec 31, 2025 it insured 284,846 properties / ~$126.5 billion total insured value / ~$820.9M written premium. For the 2026 storm season the TWIA board set a 1-in-50 probable maximum loss of $4.3 billion (Feb 2026) and directed a filing for NO rate increase in 2026; it expects to need only ~$355M of new risk-transfer/reinsurance for 2026. TFPA: policy count has grown sharply through 2023-2025 as private carriers pulled back inland (Q1 2025 Fact Book shows continued growth, verify exact figure). Statewide Texas homeowners rates rose ~21% (2023) and ~19-28% (2024). 2025 Texas Legislature held hearings on rising rates but did not enact major restrictions.", "value_json": { "twia_properties_insured": 284846, "twia_date": "2025-12-31", "twia_tiv_usd": 126500000000, "twia_written_premium_usd": 820900000, "twia_2026_pml_1in50_usd": 4300000000, "twia_2026_rate_change": "no increase filed", "twia_2026_risk_transfer_need_usd": 355000000, "tx_ho_rate_increase_2023_pct": 21, "tx_ho_rate_increase_2024_pct": 19, "current_commissioner": { "name": "Amanda Crawford", "title": "Insurance Commissioner", "confirmed_date": "2026-02-03", "predecessor": "Cassie Brown (retired Feb. 2, 2026)", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/commissioner/", "source_name": "Texas Department of Insurance - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 7, "label": "7" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 9, "label": "9" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 8, "label": "8" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 7, "label": "7" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 11, "label": "11" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 12, "label": "12" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 9, "label": "9" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 16, "label": "16" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 20, "label": "20" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Texas billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/TX", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.twia.org/wp-content/uploads/2025-TWIA-Annual-Report.pdf", "source_name": "Texas Windstorm Insurance Association: 2025 Annual Report", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "284,846 properties / ~$126.5B TIV / ~$820.9M written premium confirmed in TWIA 2025 Annual Report (Dec 31 2025 year-end figures; statutory period Jun 1 2024–May 31 2025). Secondary confirmation: TDI Q4 2025 TWIA Overview at https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/pc/twia-overview.pdf (Feb 26 2026 edition). The Aug 5 2025 no-rate-increase press release supports the 2026 0% rate filing but does NOT carry these portfolio stats (16g/17i source-URL fix). NOTE: CRTF was depleted by Hurricane Beryl 2024; 89th Texas Legislature (2025) passed HB 3689 / HB 2517 lowering TWIA's minimum funding standard from 1-in-100 to 1-in-50, drives the lower 2026 reinsurance need (~$355M new risk-transfer vs. prior years). TFPA Q1 2025 Fact Book exists at texasfairplan.org, pull exact policy count manually. Statewide rate-increase percentages from Insurance.com / TDI annual report (range 19-28% cited for 2024 depending on methodology)." }, { "field": "wind_hail_deductible_change", "value": "The Texas FAIR Plan Association (TFPA) eliminated its 1% wind and hail deductible option effective July 1, 2026. All existing TFPA policies carrying the 1% wind/hail deductible auto-roll to 2% at their next renewal; the available tiers going forward are 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% of the dwelling limit. United Policyholders reports 2% has become the de facto Texas standard across most of the state for 2026, with 3% and 5% appearing on older-roof homes.", "value_json": { "carrier_or_plan": "Texas FAIR Plan Association (TFPA)", "effective_date": "2026-07-01", "change": "1% wind/hail deductible option eliminated; 1% policies auto-roll to 2% at renewal", "available_tiers_post_change_pct": [ 2, 3, 4, 5 ], "statewide_default_2026_pct": 2, "older_roof_tier_pct_range": [ 3, 5 ], "worked_example": { "dwelling_coverage_a_usd": 300000, "deductible_percent": 2, "out_of_pocket_per_claim_usd": 6000 } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.texasfairplan.org/news-and-announcements/tfpa-deductible-changes-effective-july-1-2026/", "source_name": "Texas FAIR Plan Association, Deductible Changes Effective July 1, 2026", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "TFPA's own 2026 announcement (TDI-approved). Secondary: United Policyholders, Texas peak hail season 2026 (https://uphelp.org/texas-is-entering-peak-hail-season-and-most-homeowners-dont-understand-the-deductible-that-could-cost-them-thousands/, last updated 2026-05-15) confirms 2% is the de facto 2026 default across most of Texas, with 3% and 5% on older-roof homes. The change is the per-policy structural shift the recent_changes time-series points at; surfacing it as a discrete data_point lets /learn/wind-hail-deductible-percentage/ render a state-specific call-out alongside the generic explainer." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Texas Insurance Code §551.105: a residential property insurer must give at least 60 days' written notice of non-renewal of a homeowners policy (raised from 30 days by HB 1900, effective September 1, 2019); the insurer generally cannot cancel a policy in effect 60+ days except for specified reasons. As of January 1, 2026, insurers must also provide a written explanation of the reason for non-renewal. Texas does NOT have a statewide post-disaster non-renewal moratorium like California or Florida; however, TDI has issued bulletins after major hurricanes urging insurers not to non-renew solely due to a filed claim, and an insurer may not non-renew a residential policy solely because of one weather-related claim or an inquiry that did not result in a claim. Texas also limits the use of CLUE/claims history for non-renewal in some cases.", "value_json": { "statute": "Tex. Ins. Code §551.105 (amended by HB 1900, eff. 2019-09-01)", "nonrenewal_notice_days": 60, "cancellation_protection_after_days": 60, "post_disaster_moratorium": "none statewide (TDI bulletins only)" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.551.htm#551.105", "source_name": "Texas Insurance Code §551.105 (Texas Legislature Online, Insurance Code Chapter 551)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Per data-verifier-108 (2026-05-15): prior nonrenewal_notice_days: 30 was the STALE pre-2019 statutory value. HB 1900 (effective September 1, 2019) raised the residential non-renewal notice from 30 to 60 days per §551.105 — confirmed against texas.public.law live statute text. Source updated from a dead TDI consumer page (cpmrenew.html — 404) to the direct statute URL. Confidence upgraded medium → high." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Progressive Home: stopped writing new homeowners policies in Texas and stopped renewing some existing policies in higher-risk areas (2024). Foremost Insurance (a Farmers subsidiary): scaling back its Texas property book, sending non-renewal notices to some policyholders (2024; Farmers said >90% of Foremost TX customers unaffected). Lemonade: scaled back Texas homeowners (2024-2025). Various smaller/regional carriers tightened underwriting in hail-prone North Texas. Major national carriers (State Farm, Allstate, Farmers, USAA) have stayed in Texas but raised rates ~15-25%+ and tightened roof-age/wind-hail deductible terms (e.g. State Farm filed ~20%+ Texas homeowners increases). Texas has NOT seen the wholesale carrier exits California and Florida experienced, TDI characterizes the Texas market as still competitive.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "Progressive Home", "action": "stopped new homeowners; non-renewing some existing in high-risk areas", "date": "2024" }, { "carrier": "Foremost Insurance (Farmers)", "action": "scaling back Texas property; non-renewal notices to some", "date": "2024" }, { "carrier": "Lemonade", "action": "scaled back Texas homeowners", "date": "2024-2025" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/southcentral/", "source_name": "Insurance Journal / Texas Department of Insurance bulletins / S&P Global Market Intelligence (carrier-action reporting)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Progressive and Foremost pullbacks reported by Insurance.com and Houston Chronicle. State Farm ~20% TX homeowners rate filing reported by agency sources. Texas market generally still competitive, frame as 'rate shock + selective pullback', not 'collapse'." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/general/texas-homeowners-insurance-market-overview.html", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/general/texas-homeowners-insurance-market-overview.html", "twia_page": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/commercial/pctwia.html" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/general/texas-homeowners-insurance-market-overview.html", "source_name": "Texas Department of Insurance - Homeowners Insurance Market Overview", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "TDI also publishes HelpInsure.com for shopping/comparison and the TWIA overview at tdi.texas.gov/commercial/pctwia.html." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "TFPA and TWIA deficits are funded by assessments on member insurers (TWIA also has a layered funding stack: premium, CRTF catastrophe reserve trust fund, public securities/bonds, member assessments, and reinsurance/cat bonds, restructured by HB 1900/SB 900 in 2021 and again under later legislation). TWIA's funding adequacy and PML are set annually by its board (1-in-50 standard, ~$4.3B for 2026). Coastal homeowners face a separate, large named-storm/hurricane percentage deductible (typically 1-5% of dwelling value). The 'Catastrophe Area' for TWIA is designated by the TDI Commissioner; WPI-8 windstorm certification (inspection during construction) is effectively mandatory for new coastal construction to be TWIA-eligible.", "value_json": { "funding": "member assessments + (TWIA) CRTF + public securities + reinsurance/cat bonds", "twia_pml_standard": "1-in-50", "twia_pml_2026_usd": 4300000000, "wpi8_certification": "required for new coastal construction TWIA eligibility" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/pc/twia-overview.pdf", "source_name": "Texas Department of Insurance", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "TWIA funding-stack structure well-documented in TDI overview; exact layer sizes change each year, needs manual check for current-year figures." }, { "field": "title_override", "value": "Texas FAIR Plan & Windstorm Pool (TWIA): coverage & cost", "value_json": { "title": "Texas FAIR Plan & Windstorm Pool (TWIA): coverage & cost", "meta_description": "Texas FAIR Plan (TFPA) and Windstorm Pool (TWIA): what each covers, who qualifies, dwelling caps, and how to apply.", "h1": "Texas FAIR Plan & TWIA Windstorm Pool: coverage, cost, who qualifies" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.texasfairplan.org/", "source_name": "Texas FAIR Plan Association / TWIA", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Title / H1 / meta override carrying the colloquial 'Windstorm Pool' / 'Beach Pool' keyword space alongside the TFPA / TWIA legal names. Rule: .claude/rules/content-pages.md (use the colloquial alongside the legal name). Both plan names confirmed on texasfairplan.org and twia.org. Moved out of niche.ts into per-state JSON 2026-05-14 (architect 46 P0-1)." }, { "field": "colloquial_primer", "value": "Along the Texas coast, residents often call the Texas Windstorm Insurance Association 'the Beach Plan' or 'the Beach Pool.' It is the state-chartered windstorm pool, separate from the Texas FAIR Plan Association (TFPA), and writes wind and hail coverage only in the 14 first-tier coastal counties + part of Harris County east of SH-146.", "value_json": { "heading": "What Texans call “the Beach Pool” (TWIA)", "paragraphs": [ "Along the Texas coast, residents often call the Texas Windstorm Insurance Association “the Beach Plan” or “the Beach Pool.” It is the state-chartered windstorm pool, separate from the Texas FAIR Plan Association (TFPA), and it writes wind and hail coverage only, in the 14 first-tier coastal counties (Aransas, Brazoria, Calhoun, Cameron, Chambers, Galveston, Jefferson, Kenedy, Kleberg, Matagorda, Nueces, Refugio, San Patricio, and Willacy) plus the part of Harris County east of SH-146.", "The TFPA covers everything else for hard-to-insure Texas property: fire, lightning, smoke, theft, and (outside the 14 coastal counties) windstorm and hail. A coastal owner typically pairs a TWIA wind-only policy with a separate ex-wind homeowners policy from a standard carrier (for fire, theft, and liability) and an NFIP or private flood policy. To qualify for TWIA you need one declination for wind and hail coverage; for the TFPA you need two declinations of property coverage." ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.twia.org/coverage-eligibility/", "source_name": "Texas Windstorm Insurance Association / Texas FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Plain-language colloquial primer rendered as a dedicated H2 on /texas-fair-plan/. Facts derive from existing data_points on this state (14-county list from eligibility_rule.value_json.twia_eligible_counties; declination counts from eligibility_rule). Moved out of [state]-fair-plan.astro IIFE into per-state JSON 2026-05-14 (architect 46 P0-1)." } ] }, { "code": "UT", "name": "Utah", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/utah-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "no", "value_json": { "status": "no", "note": "Utah has no state FAIR Plan and no state-backed insurer of last resort for homeowners. UT is not a PIPSO member. The Utah Insurance Department directs homeowners who cannot find admitted-market coverage to the surplus-lines (non-admitted) market governed by Utah Code Title 31A, Chapter 15. HB 562 (2026 General Session), which would have created an Access to Insurance Plan Association (a residual-market property plan), had its enacting clause struck by the House on March 6, 2026, effectively killing the bill for the 2026 session." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2026/bills/static/HB0562.html", "source_name": "Utah Legislature, HB 562 (2026 General Session)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Cross-checked against the PIPSO national member list (pipso.com/members; Utah not listed) and against the UID's Excess and Surplus Lines page. HB 562 (2026) is the first serious attempt at a Utah FAIR Plan in recent memory; its 2026 defeat means surplus lines remains the de facto path of last resort." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "no plan", "value_json": { "name": null, "note": "No Utah FAIR Plan exists; coverage of last resort is the surplus lines / non-admitted (E&S) market, brokered through Utah-licensed surplus-lines producers and overseen by the Utah Insurance Department under Utah Code Title 31A Chapter 15. The Surplus Line Association of Utah (SLAUT) acts as the stamping office for the Utah Insurance Commissioner." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.utah.gov/licensees/insurers/excess-surplus-lines/", "source_name": "Utah Insurance Department, Excess and Surplus Lines", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The Access to Insurance Plan Association proposed by HB 562 (2026) would have become the Utah equivalent if enacted; it was not." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "no plan website; UID consumer homeowners page at insurance.utah.gov/consumers/home-insurance/homeowners-insurance/ is the closest equivalent", "value_json": { "url": null, "doi_consumer_page": "https://insurance.utah.gov/consumers/home-insurance/homeowners-insurance/", "surplus_lines_page": "https://insurance.utah.gov/licensees/insurers/excess-surplus-lines/", "stamping_office": "https://www.slaut.org/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.utah.gov/consumers/home-insurance/homeowners-insurance/", "source_name": "Utah Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "There is no Utah FAIR Plan website because there is no Utah FAIR Plan. UID's homeowners insurance consumer page is the official starting point. The Surplus Line Association of Utah (SLAUT) is the stamping office for non-admitted placements." }, { "field": "residual_market_structure", "value": "Surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S) market; no FAIR Plan, no JUA, no state-backed insurer of last resort. UT is not a PIPSO member. HB 562 (2026), which would have established a residual-market plan, was killed in the House (enacting clause struck March 6, 2026).", "value_json": { "primary_path": "surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S)", "regulator": "Utah Insurance Department (UID)", "surplus_lines_statute": "Utah Code Title 31A Chapter 15 (Unauthorized Insurers, Surplus Lines, and Risk Retention Groups)", "stamping_office": "Surplus Line Association of Utah (SLAUT)", "no_fair_plan": true, "no_jua": true, "pipso_member": false, "doi_consumer_fallback": "UID Property and Casualty consumer line (801) 957-9305" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title31A/Chapter15/31A-15-S103.html", "source_name": "Utah Code 31A-15-103 (Surplus Lines Insurance, Unauthorized Insurers)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Under 31A-15-103 a nonadmitted insurer may write a Utah risk only through a licensed surplus-lines producer; the insurer must hold capital and surplus of at least $15 million (or meet Chapter 17 Part 6 RBC). Surplus-lines transactions are taxed at 4.25 percent of gross premiums." }, { "field": "regulatory_authority", "value": "Utah Insurance Department (UID)", "value_json": { "name": "Utah Insurance Department", "abbrev": "UID", "url": "https://insurance.utah.gov/", "address": "4315 South 2700 West, Suite 2300, Taylorsville, UT 84129", "main_phone": "(801) 957-9200", "toll_free": "(800) 439-3805", "fax": "(385) 465-6047", "property_casualty_consumer_line": "(801) 957-9305", "property_casualty_email": "prop-cas@utah.gov", "hours": "8:00 AM to 5:00 PM Mon-Fri", "rate_authority_note": "Utah is a file-and-use state for personal-lines property/casualty rate filings under Utah Code Title 31A Chapter 19a; the Commissioner may disapprove a filing post-use as excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.utah.gov/about-us/contact-us/", "source_name": "Utah Insurance Department, Contact Us", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Address, phone numbers, and email verified from UID's own Contact Us and Complaints pages." }, { "field": "commissioner", "value": "Jonathan T. Pike", "value_json": { "name": "Jonathan T. Pike", "title": "Commissioner, Utah Insurance Department", "appointed_date": "2021-01-05", "term_end": "2029-01-01", "naic_role": "Vice President, NAIC (term began 2026-01-01)", "prior_roles": "Mayor of St. George (2013-2021); St. George City Council (2007-2013); 30 years with Intermountain Health including 26 years as Select Health southwest Utah operations director", "education": "B.S. Finance (University of Utah); MBA (Westminster University)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.utah.gov/about-us/commissioner/", "source_name": "Utah Insurance Department, Commissioner page", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Pike was appointed by Governor Spencer Cox effective January 5, 2021. Elected NAIC Vice President for 2026 (newly elected officers assumed duties January 1, 2026), per NAIC press release." }, { "field": "DOI_contact", "value": "UID Property and Casualty consumer line: (801) 957-9305. Email: prop-cas@utah.gov. Main switchboard: (801) 957-9200 or toll-free in-state (800) 439-3805. File a complaint: https://insurance.utah.gov/complaints/", "value_json": { "main_phone": "(801) 957-9200", "toll_free_in_state": "(800) 439-3805", "property_casualty_consumer_line": "(801) 957-9305", "fax": "(385) 465-6047", "property_casualty_email": "prop-cas@utah.gov", "complaint_url": "https://insurance.utah.gov/complaints/", "complaint_form_pdf": "https://insurance.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/UIDComplaintForm.pdf", "address": "4315 South 2700 West, Suite 2300, Taylorsville, UT 84129", "hours": "8:00 AM to 5:00 PM Mon-Fri" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.utah.gov/complaints/", "source_name": "Utah Insurance Department, Complaints", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Phone numbers, hours, and complaint URL verified from UID's own Contact Us and Complaints pages. The online complaint portal is the preferred filing method." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Utah requires at least 30 days' written notice of non-renewal of a homeowners policy delivered or sent by first-class mail under Utah Code 31A-21-303. Renewal-premium notice must arrive not more than 45 nor less than 14 days before the due date. If the insurer renews on less favorable terms or at a higher rate, the new terms must be sent at least 30 days before the prior policy expires. Notice of extinguishment of the right to renew for nonpayment must arrive 15 to 45 days before the renewal payment is due.", "value_json": { "nonrenewal_notice_days": 30, "renewal_premium_notice_window_days": "14-45", "less_favorable_renewal_notice_days": 30, "nonpayment_notice_window_days": "15-45", "statute": "Utah Code 31A-21-303", "post_disaster_moratorium": "no standing statutory moratorium", "rate_approval_regime": "file-and-use (Utah Code Title 31A Chapter 19a)" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title31A/Chapter21/31A-21-S303.html", "source_name": "Utah Code 31A-21-303 (Cancellation, Issuance, and Renewal)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-148 (2026-05-15): Utah Code 31A-21-303 was amended by HB 23 (2025), effective 2025-05-07. HB 23's primary subject is captive insurance + administrative changes, strongly suggesting the 30-day non-renewal notice and 15-45-day nonpayment window are unchanged — but the post-2025 PDF text could not be read in this verification pass. Confidence downgraded to medium + needs_rescan until the current statutory text confirms day counts. The 14-day-minimum renewal-premium notice window is also pending post-2025 text confirmation." }, { "field": "rate_approval_regime", "value": "Utah is a file-and-use state for personal-lines property and casualty rate filings under Utah Code Title 31A Chapter 19a. Carriers file rates with UID and may use them after filing; the Commissioner may disapprove a filing post-use as excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory.", "value_json": { "regime": "file-and-use (personal lines)", "statute": "Utah Code Title 31A Chapter 19a", "doi_authority": "Commissioner may disapprove filings post-use as excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory", "hb48_overlay": "HB 48 (2025) requires insurers to use the State high-risk WUI boundary when determining wildfire risk and, on owner request, to disclose the rationale for any premium increase greater than 20 percent or any wildfire-related discontinuance", "contrast_nh": "New Hampshire is a prior-approval state (RSA 412); rates must be approved before use" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.utah.gov/licensees/rate-form/", "source_name": "Utah Insurance Department, Rates and Forms", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "File-and-use is the structural reason Utah's homeowners premium growth from 2021 to 2024 ran at 59 percent (vs the national 24 percent average) without UID pre-approval friction; HB 48 (2025) bolts a wildfire-specific disclosure overlay on top rather than moving to prior approval." }, { "field": "carriers_in_market", "value": "Approximately 131 homeowners insurers reported premium in Utah in 2024, down slightly from 137 in 2023 per the UID June 2025 market update to the Utah Business and Labor Interim Committee. Commissioner Pike has separately referenced approximately 100 active homeowners carriers as the working count. The market remains competitive by national standards even as the count edges down.", "value_json": { "homeowners_writers_2024": 131, "homeowners_writers_2023": 137, "homeowners_writers_yoy_change": -6, "uid_pike_active_count": "approximately 100", "top_groups_per_third_party_2026": [ "State Farm", "USAA", "Allstate", "Farmers", "American Family", "Nationwide" ], "no_widespread_named_exits_2024_2025": true }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/interim/2025/pdf/00002857.pdf", "source_name": "Utah Insurance Department, Insurance Market Update to Business and Labor Interim Committee (June 18, 2025)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 131-down-from-137 figure is widely cited from the UID June 2025 interim-committee presentation; the PDF returns binary on direct WebFetch so the underlying numbers were confirmed via secondary reporting of the same presentation. Re-pull and confirm the raw PDF before READY_STATES." }, { "field": "premium_baseline", "value": "Utah average homeowners premium in 2024 ranged from approximately $1,168 to $1,541 depending on methodology, with most sources clustering around $1,200 to $1,500 for a typical replacement-cost policy. The standout figure for Utah is the speed of increase: premiums grew approximately 59 percent from 2021 to 2024 per the Consumer Federation of America (vs a national average increase of approximately 24 percent over the same window). Per NAIC state rate-filing data for 2019-2024, Utah ranked among the top three states for cumulative homeowners rate increases at approximately 70.6 percent (behind Colorado and Nebraska).", "value_json": { "ut_avg_annual_2024_low_usd": 1168, "ut_avg_annual_2024_mid_usd": 1454, "ut_avg_annual_2024_high_usd": 1541, "us_avg_2024_usd": 2110, "discount_vs_us_pct_approx": 33, "premium_growth_2021_2024_pct": 59, "us_premium_growth_2021_2024_pct": 24, "cumulative_growth_2019_2024_pct": 70.6, "ranking_2019_2024_growth": "2nd nationally (behind CO)", "uid_pike_premium_growth_2018_2022_pct": "38-40", "notable_carrier_rate_filings_2024_2025": [ { "carrier": "Central Insurance Co.", "increase_pct": 35.3 }, { "carrier": "Rock Ridge Insurance Co.", "increase_pct": 34.7 }, { "carrier": "CSAA Fire & Casualty", "increase_pct": 26 } ] }, "unit": "USD", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/interim/2025/pdf/00002857.pdf", "source_name": "Utah Insurance Department, June 2025 Insurance Market Update; Consumer Federation of America, Overburdened: The Dramatic Increase in Homeowners Insurance Premiums (April 2025); NAIC state rate-filing data", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Premium ranges triangulated across UID's own June 2025 interim-committee presentation, the CFA December 2024 national premium report (Utah leading the 59 percent / national 24 percent figure), and quadrant aggregators. The 70.6 percent 2019-2024 figure is from LendingTree State of Home Insurance and is a secondary aggregator built from NAIC/state rate filings." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rate_state", "value": "Utah homeowners non-renewal rate rose from 0.28 percent in 2022 to 0.87 percent in 2024 per UID's own data presented to the Utah Business and Labor Interim Committee in June 2025. The 2024 figure is roughly triple the 2022 rate but still well below the most-stressed states (FL approximately 2.99 percent, CA approximately 1.72 percent in the U.S. Senate Budget Committee 2024 data call). The directional trend is the story.", "value_json": { "non_renewal_rate_2022_pct": 0.28, "non_renewal_rate_2024_pct": 0.87, "rate_multiplier_2022_to_2024": 3.1, "comparator_fl_2024_pct": 2.99, "comparator_ca_2024_pct": 1.72, "supporting_metric_premium_growth_2021_2024_pct": 59, "data_source": "UID Insurance Market Update, June 18, 2025", "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2022, "value": 0.28, "label": "0.28%" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 0.87, "label": "0.87%" } ], "chartable_unit": "pct", "chartable_caption": "Utah non-renewal rate, % of in-force policies (UID)" }, "unit": "percent", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/interim/2025/pdf/00002857.pdf", "source_name": "Utah Insurance Department, Insurance Market Update (June 18, 2025)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Both data points (2022 and 2024) come from the same UID June 2025 interim-committee presentation; the underlying PDF was not directly machine-readable on fetch so the figures were confirmed via secondary press coverage of the presentation. Re-pull when reachable to verify the exact decimal places." }, { "field": "guaranty_fund", "value": "Utah Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association (UPCIGA) covers claims against insolvent admitted property and casualty carriers under Utah Code Title 31A Chapter 28. Created in 1971. Does not cover surplus-lines / non-admitted carriers.", "value_json": { "fund_name": "Utah Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association", "abbrev": "UPCIGA", "statute": "Utah Code Title 31A Chapter 28", "established_year": 1971, "covers": "admitted (licensed) property and casualty insurers operating in Utah", "does_not_cover": "surplus-lines / non-admitted (E&S) insurers; life and health (separate UL&HIGA fund)", "url": "https://utah.ncigf.org/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://utah.ncigf.org/", "source_name": "Utah Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Critical consumer-protection delta: a Utah homeowner forced into the surplus-lines market by a non-renewal loses UPCIGA backstop. Title 31A Chapter 28 explicitly excludes surplus-lines policies. This is the practical price of Utah having no FAIR Plan." }, { "field": "coastal_exposure", "value": "Utah is landlocked with no Atlantic, Pacific, or Gulf coastline; hurricane and storm-surge exposure is zero. Utah's principal natural-hazard exposure for homeowners insurance is wildfire (Wasatch Front WUI, Wasatch Back including Park City and Summit County, and southwestern Utah including Washington County and the St. George area), with secondary exposure to severe winter storms in the mountains, hail in the Wasatch Front, and earthquake risk along the Wasatch Fault (covered only under separate earthquake endorsements, not standard HO-3).", "value_json": { "ocean_coastline": false, "principal_perils": [ "wildfire", "hail", "severe winter storms", "earthquake (separate coverage)" ], "highest_wildfire_counties": [ "Washington", "Iron", "Summit", "Wasatch", "Utah", "Salt Lake (WUI edges)" ], "earthquake_fault": "Wasatch Fault" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://wildfirerisk.utah.gov/", "source_name": "Utah Wildfire Risk Assessment Portal", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Coastal-exposure field is preserved for cross-state schema parity even though Utah is landlocked; the principal-perils list is what actually drives Utah homeowners-insurance pricing and non-renewal patterns." }, { "field": "hurricane_history", "value": "Utah has zero hurricane landfalls in the NOAA HURDAT2 record. The state is landlocked and approximately 700 miles from the nearest Pacific coast; tropical-cyclone remnants occasionally reach Utah as desert-Southwest rain events (e.g. Hurricane Hilary in August 2023 brought heavy rain and flooding to southwestern Utah after Pacific landfall in Baja California) but no hurricane has ever made landfall in Utah.", "value_json": { "hurdat_direct_landfalls": 0, "remnant_tropical_systems_examples": [ { "name": "Hurricane Hilary", "year": 2023, "month": "August", "ut_impact": "remnant rainfall and flash flooding in southwestern Utah after Pacific landfall in Baja California" } ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/All_U.S._Hurricanes.html", "source_name": "NOAA HURDAT2 (Atlantic Hurricane Database)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Field retained for schema parity. Utah's lack of hurricane exposure means wind is not a meaningful driver of Utah homeowners non-renewals or premium spikes; wildfire is." }, { "field": "wildfire_exposure", "value": "Utah experienced its most active wildfire season since 2020 in 2025, with approximately 165,000 acres burned (more than the prior three years combined) and at least 51 structures lost across the Forsyth Fire (19 structures, 13 residences), Monroe Canyon Fire (19 structures, mostly cabins, 73,700 acres total), and Deer Creek Fire (13 structures, 17,724 acres). The France Canyon Fire (Garfield County) burned 34,943 acres. Total 2025 suppression cost was approximately $191.8 million (federal $160.6M, state and local $31.2M). Utah's Division of Forestry, Fire and State Lands published an official High-Risk WUI Map on December 18, 2025 under HB 48 (2025); insurers must now use this state-defined boundary when assessing wildfire risk.", "value_json": { "season_2025_acres_burned": 165000, "season_2025_ranking": "most acres burned since 2020; more than prior three years combined", "season_2025_suppression_cost_usd": 191800000, "season_2025_federal_cost_usd": 160600000, "season_2025_state_and_local_cost_usd": 31200000, "season_2025_named_fires": [ { "name": "Monroe Canyon Fire", "acres": 73700, "structures_lost": 19, "note": "largest fire of 2025 season; mostly cabins" }, { "name": "France Canyon Fire", "county": "Garfield", "acres": 34943 }, { "name": "Deer Creek Fire", "acres": 17724, "structures_lost": 13, "note": "includes primary residences, cabins, USFS guard station, comms site" }, { "name": "Forsyth Fire", "structures_lost": 19, "residences_lost": 13 } ], "highest_wildfire_counties": [ "Washington", "Iron", "Summit", "Wasatch", "Garfield", "Sevier" ], "wuir_portal": "https://wildfirerisk.utah.gov/", "hb48_high_risk_wui_map_effective": "2026-01-01", "wuir_fee_2026_2027_usd_range": "20-100 per structure" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Utah_wildfires", "source_name": "2025 Utah Wildfires summary / KSL.com 2025 season recap / Utah DNR Forestry, Fire and State Lands", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Per-fire acreage and structure-loss figures triangulated across KSL.com season recap (December 2025), Wikipedia 2025 Utah wildfires entry, and Utah DNR FFSL announcements. The 165,000-acres figure and $191.8M suppression cost are widely cited but the underlying authoritative source is the FFSL 2025 season report (not directly machine-fetched here). Re-pull the FFSL 2025 report before READY_STATES." }, { "field": "mitigation_credits", "value": "Utah has no statewide statutory mandate that admitted carriers credit defensible space, Class-A roofing, or whole-home hardening on homeowners policies. HB 48 (2025) instead created a wildfire-disclosure regime: insurers must use the state High-Risk WUI Map (effective January 1, 2026) when assessing wildfire risk, and on property-owner request must disclose the rationale for any premium increase greater than 20 percent or any wildfire-related coverage discontinuance. The state Wildfire Preparedness Program (funded by the new $20 to $100 per-structure annual fee on high-risk WUI properties) underwrites community mitigation work rather than carrier rate credits.", "value_json": { "mandate_credit_statute": "none", "voluntary_credits_available_from": [ "varies by carrier" ], "hb48_wuir_disclosure_threshold_pct": 20, "hb48_wuir_map_effective": "2026-01-01", "hb48_wuir_fee_2026_2027_usd_range": "20-100 per structure (by square footage)", "hb48_fee_purpose": "fund Utah Wildfire Preparedness Program", "contrast_ca": "California requires recognition of community-mitigation efforts under Safer From Wildfires regulation (10 CCR 2644.9)", "contrast_az": "Arizona Resiliency and Mitigation Council (Dec 2024 - Dec 2025) recommended state grants and tax credits over a FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2025/bills/static/HB0048.html", "source_name": "Utah Legislature, HB 48 (2025 General Session) Wildland Urban Interface Modifications", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "HB 48's premium-disclosure threshold (greater than 20 percent) is meaningful but it is a transparency requirement, not a credit mandate. Utah's approach is closer to AZ's mitigation-council model than to CA's prescriptive Safer From Wildfires credit regulation. Verify any carrier-specific voluntary credits via the carrier's filed rate plan before publishing prescriptive consumer advice." }, { "field": "recent_legislation", "value": "HB 48 (2025 General Session, Wildland Urban Interface Modifications): passed and signed in 2025; established the official Utah High-Risk WUI Map (effective January 1, 2026), the annual $20 to $100 per-structure fee on high-risk WUI properties funding the Wildfire Preparedness Program, the requirement that admitted insurers use the state map when assessing wildfire risk, and the disclosure-on-request rule for premium increases greater than 20 percent or wildfire-related discontinuance. HB 562 (2026 General Session, Homeowners Insurance Amendments / Access to Insurance Plan): would have created a state FAIR Plan as the Access to Insurance Plan Association; House struck the enacting clause on March 6, 2026, killing the bill for the session.", "value_json": { "primary_recent_bill": { "bill": "HB 48", "session": "2025 General Session", "title": "Wildland Urban Interface Modifications", "status": "enacted", "high_risk_wui_map_effective": "2026-01-01", "key_provisions": [ "official state High-Risk WUI Map and WUI Risk Explorer portal", "$20 to $100 annual per-structure fee on high-risk WUI properties (2026-2027)", "fee funds Utah Wildfire Preparedness Program", "admitted insurers must use the state WUI map when assessing wildfire risk", "on owner request, insurer must disclose rationale for any premium increase greater than 20 percent or wildfire-related discontinuance", "counties must adopt WUI-specific building code" ] }, "secondary_recent_bill": { "bill": "HB 562", "session": "2026 General Session", "title": "Homeowners Insurance Amendments (Access to Insurance Plan)", "status": "killed; enacting clause struck by House 2026-03-06", "would_have_created": "Access to Insurance Plan Association (Utah FAIR Plan)", "introduced_date": "2026-02-13" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2025/bills/static/HB0048.html", "source_name": "Utah Legislature, HB 48 (2025) and HB 562 (2026)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "HB 48 is the most consequential recent Utah property-insurance statute and reshapes how wildfire risk is priced in the state. HB 562's 2026 defeat means surplus lines remains the only realistic last-resort path for Utah homeowners through at least the 2027 General Session; expect HB 562 or a successor to return." }, { "field": "surplus_lines_role", "value": "Surplus lines is the de-facto coverage-of-last-resort path in Utah for homeowners that admitted carriers decline. The Surplus Line Association of Utah (SLAUT) acts as the stamping office for the Utah Insurance Commissioner. Nonadmitted insurers must meet a $15 million capital-and-surplus minimum (or Chapter 17 Part 6 RBC) under 31A-15-103; transactions are taxed at 4.25 percent of gross premiums under 31A-3-301. The non-traditional E&S homeowners line grew 24.8 percent year-over-year nationally in the first half of 2025 per WSIA, the fastest-growing surplus-lines segment.", "value_json": { "regulator": "Utah Insurance Department", "statute_primary": "Utah Code 31A-15-103 (Surplus Lines Insurance, Unauthorized Insurers)", "statute_tax": "Utah Code 31A-3-301 (4.25 percent surplus-lines premium tax)", "stamping_office": "Surplus Line Association of Utah (SLAUT)", "stamping_office_url": "https://www.slaut.org/", "minimum_capital_and_surplus_usd": 15000000, "wsia_2025_h1_national_homeowners_es_growth_pct": 24.8, "wsia_2025_h1_overall_es_growth_pct": 13.2, "guaranty_fund_note": "Surplus-lines policies are not backed by the Utah Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association (Title 31A Chapter 28)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title31A/Chapter15/31A-15-S103.html", "source_name": "Utah Code 31A-15-103 / Surplus Line Association of Utah / WSIA 2025 H1 report", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 24.8 percent national H1-2025 growth in non-traditional E&S homeowners is a WSIA aggregate, not Utah-specific; per-state Utah growth is not separately published by SLAUT in machine-readable form as of May 2026." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "No named widespread carrier-exit or new-business-pause announcements analogous to California's State Farm / Allstate / Farmers 2023 pullbacks have been issued in Utah as of May 2026. The structural pattern is rate increases plus selective wildfire-driven non-renewals concentrated in Washington County, Summit County (Park City, Wasatch Back), and other high-WUI zones, not statewide exits. Number of homeowners writers reporting Utah premium fell from 137 (2023) to 131 (2024) per UID's June 2025 interim-committee presentation, a modest contraction.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "(market aggregate)", "action": "homeowners writers fell from 137 in 2023 to 131 in 2024 per UID June 2025 market update", "date": "2023-2024", "source": "Utah Insurance Department Insurance Market Update, June 18, 2025" }, { "carrier": "Central Insurance Co.", "action": "35.3 percent rate increase approved", "date": "2024-2025", "source": "Utah Insurance Department rate-filing approvals (cited in UID June 2025 market update)" }, { "carrier": "Rock Ridge Insurance Co.", "action": "34.7 percent rate increase approved", "date": "2024-2025", "source": "Utah Insurance Department rate-filing approvals" }, { "carrier": "CSAA Fire and Casualty", "action": "26.0 percent rate increase approved", "date": "2024-2025", "source": "Utah Insurance Department rate-filing approvals" }, { "carrier": "(no named statewide exits)", "action": "no public statewide pull-back or new-business pause analogous to CA carriers", "date": "2023-2026", "source": "UID news releases and press search" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/interim/2025/pdf/00002857.pdf", "source_name": "Utah Insurance Department, June 2025 Insurance Market Update", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The named-carrier rate-increase figures (Central 35.3, Rock Ridge 34.7, CSAA 26.0) come from UID's rate-filing review surfaced in the June 2025 presentation; the underlying SERFF filings should be confirmed before publishing carrier-specific prose. The directional pattern (rate increases plus selective non-renewals in WUI counties, not California-style retreat) is well-established." }, { "field": "consumer_guidance", "value": "If admitted carriers decline you in Utah, your options are: (1) shop with an independent agent because roughly 131 homeowners writers reported Utah premium in 2024 and the admitted market remains competitive by national standards; (2) work with a Utah-licensed surplus-lines producer to place coverage with a non-admitted (E and S) insurer overseen by SLAUT and the UID, recognizing that surplus-lines policies are not backed by the Utah Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association (Title 31A Chapter 28); (3) if your premium just rose more than 20 percent or coverage was discontinued for wildfire reasons, request the insurer's written rationale under HB 48 (2025); (4) file a complaint with UID Property and Casualty Consumer Service at (801) 957-9305 or prop-cas@utah.gov, or via the complaint portal at https://insurance.utah.gov/complaints/ if you believe a cancellation or non-renewal violated 31A-21-303 notice rules.", "value_json": { "options": [ "shop with independent agent (131 writers in Utah in 2024)", "surplus lines via licensed Utah producer through SLAUT (no UPCIGA backing)", "request HB 48 (2025) rationale disclosure for any premium increase greater than 20 percent or wildfire-related discontinuance", "complaint to UID Property and Casualty Consumer Service (801) 957-9305 if 31A-21-303 violated" ], "no_fair_plan_fallback": true, "statutes": [ "Utah Code 31A-21-303", "Utah Code 31A-15-103", "Utah Code 31A-3-301", "Utah Code Title 31A Chapter 28", "HB 48 (2025)" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.utah.gov/consumers/home-insurance/homeowners-insurance/", "source_name": "Utah Insurance Department, Homeowner's Insurance consumer page", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The HB 48 disclosure request (option 3) is unique to Utah as of 2026 and is the strongest new statutory tool a Utah homeowner has against a wildfire-driven non-renewal. The no-guaranty-fund-backing caveat for surplus lines is the most important consumer-protection trade-off." }, { "field": "key_statutes", "value": "Core Utah homeowners-insurance statutes: Utah Code 31A-21-303 (cancellation, issuance, and renewal; 30-day non-renewal notice; 14 to 45 day renewal-premium notice; 30-day notice for less-favorable renewal terms); Title 31A Chapter 19a (rate and form filings; file-and-use regime); Utah Code 31A-15-103 (surplus lines, unauthorized insurers; $15M minimum capital and surplus for nonadmitted insurers); Utah Code 31A-3-301 (4.25 percent surplus-lines premium tax); Title 31A Chapter 28 (Utah Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association, admitted carriers only); HB 48 (2025 General Session) Wildland Urban Interface Modifications (state High-Risk WUI Map, $20 to $100 per-structure fee, mandatory insurer use of state map, owner-request premium-rationale disclosure greater than 20 percent or wildfire-related discontinuance).", "value_json": { "31A_21_303": "cancellation, issuance, and renewal: 30-day non-renewal notice; 14 to 45 day renewal-premium notice; 30-day notice for less-favorable renewal; 15 to 45 day nonpayment-extinguishment notice", "31A_Chapter_19a": "rate and form filings; file-and-use regime for personal lines", "31A_15_103": "surplus lines and unauthorized insurers; $15M minimum capital and surplus; placement only via licensed surplus-lines producer", "31A_3_301": "4.25 percent tax on surplus-lines premium", "31A_Chapter_28": "Utah Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association; admitted P and C only", "HB_48_2025": "Wildland Urban Interface Modifications: state High-Risk WUI Map effective 2026-01-01; $20-$100 per-structure annual fee; mandatory insurer use of state map; owner-request premium-rationale disclosure on greater than 20 percent increase or wildfire-related discontinuance" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title31A/31A.html", "source_name": "Utah Code Title 31A (Insurance Code)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "These statutes are the basis for every consumer-rights conversation in Utah homeowners insurance. Cite the specific section number when telling a homeowner what their carrier owes them, especially 31A-21-303 for notice-timing disputes and HB 48 (2025) for wildfire-driven premium spikes or non-renewals." }, { "field": "post_disaster_protection", "value": "Utah does not have a standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium analogous to California's Cal. Ins. Code 675.1. HB 48 (2025) does not create a moratorium either; it creates a transparency overlay (owner-request rationale disclosure when premium rises greater than 20 percent or coverage is discontinued for wildfire reasons) and a state-defined High-Risk WUI Map that insurers must use. The Commissioner may issue bulletins after a declared disaster but lacks emergency moratorium authority to suspend non-renewals across affected ZIP codes by order.", "value_json": { "standing_moratorium": false, "moratorium_authority": "none statutory", "hb48_disclosure_threshold_pct": 20, "hb48_disclosure_triggers": [ "greater than 20 percent premium increase", "wildfire-related coverage discontinuance" ], "bulletins_after_declared_disaster": "yes, case by case", "contrast_ca": "California Cal. Ins. Code 675.1 imposes a one-year non-renewal moratorium in declared-wildfire ZIP codes" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2025/bills/static/HB0048.html", "source_name": "Utah Legislature, HB 48 (2025) / Utah Code 31A-21-303", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "HB 48's disclosure-on-request mechanic is meaningfully weaker than California's automatic ZIP-code moratorium; it places the burden on the homeowner to ask for the rationale. For a CA-style multi-ZIP suspension after a declared event, Utah would require new legislation." }, { "field": "market_outlook_2026", "value": "Utah's homeowners market is among the fastest-deteriorating in the Mountain West on affordability and a top-3 stress story on the premium-growth axis (approximately 70.6 percent cumulative growth 2019-2024 per NAIC state rate-filing data, behind Colorado and Nebraska). The structural drivers (Wasatch Front and Wasatch Back WUI expansion, the 2025 wildfire season at 165,000 acres, reinsurance pressure, file-and-use rate regime) all push the same direction. The 2026 watch list: HB 48 implementation (state High-Risk WUI Map went live January 1, 2026; insurers must use it), whether the 0.87 percent 2024 non-renewal rate continues climbing in 2025 UID data, and whether HB 562 or a successor returns in the 2027 session to create an actual Utah FAIR Plan.", "value_json": { "premium_growth_2019_2024_pct": 70.6, "ranking_premium_growth_2019_2024": "2nd nationally (behind CO)", "non_renewal_2024_pct": 0.87, "non_renewal_2022_pct": 0.28, "wildfire_season_2025_acres": 165000, "wildfire_season_2025_ranking": "most acres burned since 2020", "structural_drivers": [ "Wasatch Front and Wasatch Back WUI expansion", "intensifying 2025 wildfire season", "reinsurance pressure flowing through to admitted carriers", "file-and-use rate regime (no prior-approval friction)", "fast-growing surplus-lines homeowners segment (24.8 percent national H1-2025 growth)" ], "2026_watch_items": [ "HB 48 High-Risk WUI Map implementation (effective 2026-01-01)", "UID 2025 non-renewal-rate publication (continues 0.28 to 0.87 trajectory?)", "HB 562 or successor returning in 2027 session for state FAIR Plan", "any named carrier statewide pause or exit" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/interim/2025/pdf/00002857.pdf", "source_name": "Utah Insurance Department, June 2025 Insurance Market Update; NAIC state rate-filing data; Consumer Federation of America, Overburdened Report (April 2025)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "The 70.6 percent figure is a LendingTree aggregator built off NAIC and state rate filings, used here as a directional indicator alongside UID's own 59 percent 2021-2024 figure. The 2026 watch items are editorial synthesis; treat them as medium confidence." }, { "field": "industry_data_sources", "value": "Authoritative Utah-specific datasets for tracking homeowners-insurance availability and pricing: (1) Utah Insurance Department, Insurance Market Update to Business and Labor Interim Committee, June 18, 2025 (carrier counts, non-renewal rates, premium-growth figures); (2) UID Bulletins page (insurance.utah.gov/bulletins/); (3) Utah Wildfire Risk Assessment Portal and the HB 48 High-Risk WUI Map (effective 2026-01-01); (4) NAIC Market Share Reports for Utah; (5) Utah Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association (utah.ncigf.org); (6) Surplus Line Association of Utah (slaut.org) for non-admitted placements; (7) NIFC and Utah DNR Forestry, Fire and State Lands for wildfire activity.", "value_json": { "uid_market_update_2025": { "url": "https://le.utah.gov/interim/2025/pdf/00002857.pdf", "date": "2025-06-18", "venue": "Utah Business and Labor Interim Committee" }, "uid_bulletins": { "url": "https://insurance.utah.gov/bulletins/" }, "wuir_portal": { "url": "https://wildfirerisk.utah.gov/", "high_risk_wui_map_effective": "2026-01-01" }, "upciga": { "url": "https://utah.ncigf.org/", "statute": "Utah Code Title 31A Chapter 28" }, "slaut": { "url": "https://www.slaut.org/", "role": "stamping office for Utah surplus-lines placements" }, "ffsl": { "url": "https://ffsl.utah.gov/", "role": "Utah Division of Forestry, Fire and State Lands, wildfire data and HB 48 implementation" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://insurance.utah.gov/", "source_name": "Utah Insurance Department", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The UID's June 2025 interim-committee presentation is currently the gold-standard Utah-specific market dataset. Re-pull annually as the next presentation lands (likely mid-2026 for 2025 data). The HB 48 High-Risk WUI Map should be re-checked on the WUIR portal for any boundary updates." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "2025: HB 48 (Wildland Urban Interface Modifications) passes the 2025 General Session, signed by Governor Cox. June 18, 2025: UID presents Insurance Market Update to the Utah Business and Labor Interim Committee (non-renewal rate 0.28 percent in 2022 to 0.87 percent in 2024; carrier count 137 in 2023 to 131 in 2024; named rate-filing approvals). 2025 wildfire season: approximately 165,000 acres burned, most since 2020. December 18, 2025: Utah DNR FFSL releases official High-Risk WUI Map. January 1, 2026: HB 48 High-Risk WUI Map effective; insurers must use it. January 1, 2026: Commissioner Jon Pike assumes NAIC Vice President role. February 13, 2026: HB 562 introduced (would have created Access to Insurance Plan Association as Utah FAIR Plan). March 6, 2026: House strikes HB 562 enacting clause, killing the bill for the 2026 session.", "value_json": { "timeline": [ { "date": "2025", "event": "HB 48 (Wildland Urban Interface Modifications) passes 2025 General Session" }, { "date": "2025-06-18", "event": "UID Insurance Market Update to Business and Labor Interim Committee" }, { "date": "2025 season", "event": "Utah wildfire season burns approximately 165,000 acres; suppression cost $191.8M" }, { "date": "2025-12-18", "event": "Utah DNR FFSL releases official High-Risk WUI Map" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "event": "HB 48 High-Risk WUI Map effective; insurers must use state map" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "event": "Commissioner Jon Pike assumes NAIC Vice President role" }, { "date": "2026-02-13", "event": "HB 562 (Homeowners Insurance Amendments / Access to Insurance Plan) introduced" }, { "date": "2026-03-06", "event": "House strikes HB 562 enacting clause; Utah FAIR Plan effort dies for 2026 session" } ], "current_commissioner": { "name": "Jonathan T. Pike", "title": "Insurance Commissioner", "confirmed_date": "2021-01-05", "predecessor": "Tanji Northrup (interim Oct 2020 - Jan 2021); preceded by Todd E. Kiser (departed 2020-09-30)", "source_url": "https://insurance.utah.gov/about-us/commissioner/", "source_name": "Utah Insurance Department - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 0, "label": "0" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Utah billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/UT", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2026/bills/static/HB0562.html", "source_name": "Utah Legislature, HB 562 (2026) / HB 48 (2025) / UID June 2025 market update", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "Keep this field current as the next UID market update lands (likely mid-2026 reporting 2025 data) and as any FAIR Plan successor to HB 562 is filed in the 2027 General Session." }, { "field": "title_override", "value": "Utah FAIR Plan: HB 562 died March 2026, no plan yet", "value_json": { "h1": "Utah FAIR Plan: there isn't one; HB 562 died in 2026 committee, what to do instead", "title": "Utah FAIR Plan: HB 562 died March 2026, no plan yet", "meta_description": "Utah has no FAIR Plan. HB 562 (2026), the Access to Insurance Plan Act, died March 6, 2026 when the House struck its enacting clause." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2026/bills/static/HB0562.html", "source_name": "Utah Legislature, HB 562 (2026 General Session)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "title_override per copywriter-205 cross-cutting #1/#2: the prior shared template title (\"Utah FAIR Plan: there isn't one, what to do instead\") was 53 chars across the 14 batch-14 no-plan states, all identical. Differentiates with Utah's load-bearing 2026 fact — HB 562 (the Access to Insurance Plan Association bill) killed when the House struck its enacting clause on March 6, 2026. Title 51c, body meta 148c. Legislature URL cited per L13g (no DOI mis-citation on legislative facts)." } ] }, { "code": "VA", "name": "Virginia", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/virginia-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.vpia.com/", "source_name": "Virginia Property Insurance Association (VPIA)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Virginia's FAIR Plan is the Virginia Property Insurance Association (VPIA). Founded in 1968 as the Virginia Insurance Placement Facility; renamed VPIA in 1976. Statutory basis: Va. Code § 38.2-2700 et seq. (Chapter 27, Basic Property Insurance Residual Market Facility and Joint Underwriting Association). Regulated by the Virginia State Corporation Commission (SCC) Bureau of Insurance." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Virginia Property Insurance Association (VPIA)", "value_json": { "name": "Virginia Property Insurance Association", "abbreviation": "VPIA", "former_name": "Virginia Insurance Placement Facility (1968–1976)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.vpia.com/company-information/about-us/", "source_name": "Virginia Property Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Official name confirmed on vpia.com. Founded 1968, renamed 1976. One of the larger FAIR Plans by policy count nationally." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.vpia.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.vpia.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.vpia.com/", "source_name": "Virginia Property Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Confirmed live. Phone: (804) 591-3700 / (800) 899-7973. Underwriting email: Underwriting@vpia.com. Office: Concourse Blvd, Glen Allen, VA. Insured portal: policyholder.vpia.com." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "VPIA offers coverage under two main dwelling forms. FP-1 (basic form): fire, lightning, and extended coverage on an actual cash value (ACV) basis; no additional living expenses; no theft unless added by endorsement. FP-2 (broad form): broader named perils, includes additional living expenses; liability and theft coverages available by endorsement. Commercial policies also available (basic and broad perils options, AAIS forms). Optional endorsements: theft, replacement cost, liability, ordinance and law. Excludes: water damage/accidental discharge (not named perils under FP-1), flood (not covered under any VPIA policy), and personal liability on tenant-occupied dwellings (not offered). Does not cover vacant properties (with limited exceptions for builder's risk/major renovation).", "value_json": { "dwelling_forms": { "FP1": { "perils": "fire, lightning, extended coverage (ACV)", "settlement_basis": "actual cash value", "living_expenses": false, "theft": "not included (endorsement available)" }, "FP2": { "perils": "broader named perils", "settlement_basis": "ACV (replacement cost endorsement available)", "living_expenses": true, "theft": "endorsement available", "liability": "endorsement available" } }, "commercial_forms": "AAIS basic and broad perils", "optional_endorsements": [ "theft", "replacement cost", "liability", "ordinance and law" ], "exclusions": [ "water damage / accidental discharge (FP-1)", "flood", "personal liability on tenant-occupied dwellings", "vacant properties (with limited exceptions)" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.vpia.com/frequently-asked-questions/", "source_name": "Virginia Property Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "FP-1/FP-2 form structure, exclusions, and endorsement availability confirmed on vpia.com FAQ. AAIS forms for commercial confirmed by PC360 state FAIR plans survey. Water damage exclusion under FP-1 explicitly stated in VPIA FAQ." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "Habitational properties (1–4 family dwellings and mobile homes): up to $500,000. Commercial buildings: up to $1,000,000 per location. FP-2 broad form requires at least 80% of calculated replacement cost at time of loss; an inflation guard endorsement (0.5% quarterly / 2% annually) applies to all FP-2 policies.", "value_json": { "habitational_max": 500000, "commercial_max_per_location": 1000000, "currency": "USD", "minimum_to_value_requirement": "80% of replacement cost at time of loss (FP-2)", "inflation_guard": "0.5% quarterly / 2% annually (FP-2 only)" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.propertycasualty360.com/fcs/2024/07/22/state-fair-plans-2/", "source_name": "PropertyCasualty360 / Virginia Property Insurance Association (VPIA Dwelling Manual citation pending)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Per data-verifier-Wave-21 (2026-05-16) P1: the $500K/$1M figures are supported ONLY by PropertyCasualty360 (secondary trade source). VPIA's own /limits/ page does not state the caps. needs_rescan: true; the VPIA Dwelling Manual (agent-gated at vpia.com/producers/manuals/) must be checked before treating this as high-confidence. 80%-of-replacement-cost requirement and inflation guard from vpia.com limits/FAQ pages." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "typical", "value_json": { "status": "typical" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.vpia.com/frequently-asked-questions/", "source_name": "Virginia Property Insurance Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "VPIA FP-2 policies can include liability and theft endorsements, so a DIC wrap is less critical for FP-2 policyholders than for pure fire-only FAIR Plans. FP-1 policyholders without endorsements would benefit from a separate liability policy. No named DIC product specifically marketed alongside VPIA was identified." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Available to individuals and businesses throughout Virginia with an insurable interest who are unable to obtain coverage through the voluntary/standard insurance market. Properties must meet VPIA underwriting/condition standards. Vacant properties are generally not covered (exceptions for builder's risk and major renovations). Prohibited animals on premises (chickens, rabbits, horses, goats, pigs, snakes, certain dog breeds) can disqualify liability coverage or lead to policy cancellation. VPIA does not impose a fixed numeric declination count. Policies are NOT automatically renewed, a completed continuation application and payment are required each year (renewal packet sent 45–55 days before expiration; payment due 15 days before effective date).", "value_json": { "rule": "insurable interest in VA property + unable to obtain in voluntary market + meets underwriting standards", "vacant_eligible": false, "builder_risk_exception": true, "prohibited_animals": [ "chickens", "rabbits", "horses", "goats", "pigs", "snakes", "certain dog breeds" ], "numeric_declination_count": "not published", "auto_renewal": false, "renewal_packet_days_prior": "45–55", "payment_due_days_prior_to_effective": 15 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.vpia.com/frequently-asked-questions/", "source_name": "Virginia Property Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Eligibility and underwriting conditions from vpia.com FAQ. No-auto-renewal and renewal timing from vpia.com FAQ. Prohibited animals list confirmed in VPIA FAQ." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through a licensed Virginia insurance producer/agent, via the VPIA online application portal (policyholder.vpia.com/underwriting/login for dwelling; main VPI portal for commercial). Dwelling applications are reviewed within two hours with automated underwriting providing immediate results (issued, declined, or referred to manual underwriting). Commercial applications require manual underwriting. Applications can also be submitted by fax to (804) 591-3735. VPIA does not sell directly to consumers.", "value_json": { "channel": "licensed VA insurance producer/agent", "dwelling_portal": "https://policyholder.vpia.com/underwriting/login", "commercial": "VPI login portal (manual underwriting)", "fax": "(804) 591-3735", "dwelling_review_turnaround": "within 2 hours", "direct_to_consumer": false }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.vpia.com/frequently-asked-questions/", "source_name": "Virginia Property Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Application portals and review turnaround from vpia.com FAQ and policyholders page." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market for narrower coverage. FP-1 policies (ACV, limited perils) are significantly more limited than a standard HO-3. Even FP-2 broad-form policies with endorsements (liability, theft, replacement cost) tend to be more expensive than comparable voluntary-market policies. A last resort, not a price-competition fallback. VPIA's total revenue for FY Oct 2024-Sept 2025 was approximately $22.3 million (Form 990, filed 2026-02-10), relatively small for a state of Virginia's size, suggesting the FAIR Plan serves a narrow slice of the market.", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, narrower coverage", "fp1_basis": "ACV only; fire/lightning/EC; no ALE; no theft", "fp2_basis": "broader perils; ALE; optional liability/theft/replacement cost", "revenue_fy_oct24_sep25_usd": 22316997 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/237097511", "source_name": "VPIA Form 990 (FY Oct 2024-Sept 2025, filed 2026-02-10) via ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-159 (2026-05-15): revenue updated to FY Oct 2024-Sept 2025 ($22,316,997 from Form 990 filed 2026-02-10), superseding the prior FY Sept 2024 figure of $18.1M. VPIA's fiscal year is Oct-Sept, so 2024 was ambiguous. Source_url corrected from vpia.com homepage (no figures) to ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer (the actual source). VPIA's own financial-statements page is a PDF index with no figures on the page itself. Confidence held at medium: 990 total revenue is a proxy for premium volume, not premiums-written directly." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "FAIR Plan habitational policies approximately 22,622 / total exposure approximately $4.29 billion per Insurance Information Institute FY2024 reporting (may reflect a slightly earlier fiscal year). VPIA was founded as the Virginia Insurance Placement Facility in 1968, Virginia was an early FAIR Plan adopter. Its automated underwriting system (2-hour turnaround for dwelling applications) is a relatively modern operational feature. An online chat function was added recently. No major structural changes or legislative reforms to the VPIA framework were identified at compile time, the program remains a steady, small residual market. Confirm current policy count and any rate changes from VPIA annual reports (vpia.com/member-companies/financial-statements/) and SCC Bureau of Insurance.", "value_json": { "habitational_policies_fy2024_approx": 22622, "exposure_fy2024_approx_usd": 4291002000, "founded": 1968, "automated_underwriting_turnaround": "2 hours for dwelling applications", "recent_features": [ "online chat", "automated underwriting portal" ], "current_commissioner": { "name": "Scott A. White", "title": "Commissioner of Insurance", "confirmed_date": "2018-01-01", "predecessor": "Jacqueline K. Cunningham (retired effective 2017-12-31)", "source_url": "https://www.scc.virginia.gov/regulated-industries/bureau-of-insurance/", "source_name": "Virginia Bureau of Insurance - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 5, "label": "5" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 7, "label": "7" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 8, "label": "8" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 8, "label": "8" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 8, "label": "8" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 10, "label": "10" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Virginia billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/VA", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/insurance-provided-by-fair-plans-by-state-fiscal-year-2024-1", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute (Fact Book, FY2024) / Virginia Property Insurance Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "Policy count/exposure from III FY2024. VPIA operational details from vpia.com. No recent rate increase, legislative change, or carrier pullback for VA was verified at compile time." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Virginia (Va. Code § 38.2-2114): for owner-occupied dwellings, a property insurer may not cancel or refuse to renew except at policy expiration and must give at least 30 days' written notice of cancellation or non-renewal (or at least 10 days for non-payment). Notice must state the termination date, the specific reason, the right to request Commissioner review within 10 days, and eligibility for VPIA coverage. Prohibited grounds for non-renewal: age, sex, race, color, creed, national origin, ancestry, marital status, sexual orientation, gender identity, credit information older than 120 days, natural-cause claims, claims over 5 years old, and mere policy inquiries. Virginia does not have a standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium.", "value_json": { "statute": "Va. Code § 38.2-2114", "nonrenewal_notice_days": 30, "nonpayment_cancellation_notice_days": 10, "cancellation_protection_after_days": 90, "commissioner_review_right_days": 10, "prohibited_grounds": [ "age", "sex", "race", "color", "creed", "national origin", "ancestry", "marital status", "sexual orientation", "gender identity", "stale credit info (>120 days)", "natural-cause claims", "claims >5 years old", "policy inquiries" ], "post_disaster_moratorium": "none standing" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title38.2/chapter21/section38.2-2114/", "source_name": "Virginia Code § 38.2-2114", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "30-day notice confirmed via Va. Code § 38.2-2114 (fetched from law.lis.virginia.gov). Prohibited grounds and Commissioner review right from same section. Note: § 38.2-2113 notice provisions do NOT apply to VPIA policies (residual market exception), VPIA governs its own continuation/non-renewal terms, which include 45–55 day renewal packet mailing." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Virginia has not experienced the wholesale insurer exits seen in CA, FL, or LA. Market pressure is concentrated on coastal Tidewater / Hampton Roads / Eastern Shore properties (hurricane and flooding exposure) and some older urban housing stock in Richmond, Norfolk, and Newport News where the FAIR Plan has traditionally operated. No major national carrier announced a full Virginia homeowners exit as of early 2026. Needs manual check before naming any carrier.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": null, "action": "no confirmed full-state VA homeowners exit as of early 2026; selective tightening on coastal Tidewater/Eastern Shore and older urban properties", "date": "2020–2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.scc.virginia.gov/consumers/insurance/property-casualty-consumer/homeowners-insurance/", "source_name": "Virginia State Corporation Commission, Bureau of Insurance", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No specific named-carrier exit verified for VA. Coastal pressure is structural (storm/flood risk). Needs manual check before naming any carrier." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://www.scc.virginia.gov/consumers/insurance/property-casualty-consumer/homeowners-insurance/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.scc.virginia.gov/consumers/insurance/property-casualty-consumer/homeowners-insurance/", "regulator": "Virginia State Corporation Commission (SCC), Bureau of Insurance" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://scc.virginia.gov/", "source_name": "Virginia State Corporation Commission", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "SCC Bureau of Insurance is Virginia's insurance regulator. The homeowners consumer page at scc.virginia.gov/pages/Homeowners-Insurance contains guides and worksheets. Virginia Homeowners Insurance Consumer Guide is available as PDF from SCC." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "Va. Code § 38.2-2700 et seq. (Chapter 27, Basic Property Insurance Residual Market Facility and Joint Underwriting Association); Va. Code § 38.2-2114 (cancellation/non-renewal rules for owner-occupied dwellings).", "value_json": { "fair_plan_statute": "Va. Code § 38.2-2700 et seq. (Ch. 27)", "cancellation_statute": "Va. Code § 38.2-2114", "scc_administrative_code": "14VAC5-342 (mandatory property coverages, general homeowners, not FAIR Plan-specific)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title38.2/chapter27/section38.2-2700/", "source_name": "Virginia Code", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "§ 38.2-2700 confirmed via law.lis.virginia.gov. § 38.2-2114 confirmed same source. Ch. 27 covers VPIA's full statutory framework." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "VPIA is funded by premiums plus assessments on all admitted VA property insurers (proportional to market share); no government funds support it. It is not a state agency. Inspections are required for all policies: dwellings every 3–5 years, commercial every 4 years; interior inspections required for secondary, seasonal, renovation, or builder's risk policies. VPIA policies (FP-2 broad form) include an inflation guard endorsement (+0.5% per quarter / +2% per year) to help maintain adequate limits during inflationary periods. The Association's fiscal year runs October 1 through September 30. VPIA also maintains a 'Other Fair Plans' page linking to all state FAIR Plan resources.", "value_json": { "funding": "premiums + all-admitted-insurer assessments; no government funds", "structure": "not a state agency", "inspection_schedule": { "dwelling_years": "3–5", "commercial_years": 4, "interior_required_for": [ "secondary", "seasonal", "renovation", "builder's risk" ] }, "fp2_inflation_guard": "0.5% per quarter / 2% per year", "fiscal_year": "October 1 – September 30" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.vpia.com/frequently-asked-questions/", "source_name": "Virginia Property Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Inspection schedule, inflation guard, and fiscal year from vpia.com FAQ. Funding structure standard across FAIR Plans." } ] }, { "code": "VT", "name": "Vermont", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/vermont-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "no", "value_json": { "status": "no", "note": "Vermont has no state FAIR Plan and no state-backed insurer of last resort for homeowners. Vermont is not listed in the Insurance Information Institute's FY2024 FAIR Plans by State table and is not a PIPSO member. The state's residual-property pathway is the surplus lines (non-admitted) market, regulated by the Vermont Department of Financial Regulation (DFR) under 8 V.S.A. Chapter 138." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/insurance-provided-by-fair-plans-by-state-fiscal-year-2024-1", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute (III) / NAIC", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "III's FY2024 FAIR Plans by State table lists 32 jurisdictions; Vermont is not among them. NAIC and PIPSO membership rolls also exclude Vermont. The historical rationale: Vermont's loss profile (flood, freeze) is not the brush-fire / coastal-wind / inner-city-arson exposure FAIR Plans were created to backstop after the 1968 Urban Property Protection and Reinsurance Act." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "no plan", "value_json": { "name": null, "note": "no Vermont FAIR Plan exists; coverage of last resort is the surplus lines / non-admitted market, brokered through DFR-licensed surplus lines brokers under 8 V.S.A. § 5024 (diligent search requirement)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/08/138", "source_name": "Vermont Statutes Title 8 Chapter 138 (Non-Admitted Insurers and Surplus Lines Insurance)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Vermont has no surplus lines stamping office and no surplus lines association; the broker files quarterly with DFR directly. There is no formal residual-market mechanism beyond the open surplus lines market." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "no plan website; DFR insurance landing page at dfr.vermont.gov/insurance is the official starting point for consumers having trouble finding coverage", "value_json": { "url": null, "doi_consumer_page": "https://dfr.vermont.gov/insurance-help-type/home-and-renters-insurance", "dfr_main": "https://dfr.vermont.gov/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dfr.vermont.gov/insurance-help-type/home-and-renters-insurance", "source_name": "Vermont Department of Financial Regulation", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "There is no Vermont FAIR Plan website because there is no Vermont FAIR Plan. DFR's Home & Renters Insurance consumer page is the official entry point." }, { "field": "residual_market_structure", "value": "Surplus lines (non-admitted) market; no FAIR Plan, no JUA, no Beach/Wind plan, no state-backed insurer of last resort. Vermont also does not maintain an eligible-insurers list , eligibility is governed by federal NRRA (15 U.S.C. § 8204) plus 8 V.S.A. § 5026 ($15M minimum capital and surplus).", "value_json": { "primary_path": "surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S)", "regulator": "Vermont Department of Financial Regulation (DFR), Insurance Division", "stamping_office": "none (DFR-direct filing)", "surplus_lines_association": "none", "statute": "8 V.S.A. Chapter 138 (§§ 5021-5039); diligent search under § 5024", "minimum_capital_surplus_usd": 15000000, "minimum_capital_surplus_statute": "8 V.S.A. § 5026", "no_fair_plan": true, "no_jua": true, "no_beach_wind_plan": true, "guaranty_fund_note": "Surplus lines policies are not covered by the Vermont Insurance Guaranty Association (8 V.S.A. § 5028 disclosure requirement)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/08/138", "source_name": "Vermont Statutes Title 8 Chapter 138", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Vermont is unusual: it has neither a FAIR-style residual plan nor an active surplus-lines stamping/association infrastructure. Brokers file directly with DFR. Since 2011 DFR stopped maintaining an approved-insurers list, relying instead on the federal NRRA framework." }, { "field": "regulatory_authority", "value": "Vermont Department of Financial Regulation (DFR), Insurance Division", "value_json": { "name": "Vermont Department of Financial Regulation, Insurance Division", "abbrev": "DFR", "url": "https://dfr.vermont.gov/", "address": "89 Main Street, Montpelier, VT 05620-3101", "main_phone": "(802) 828-3301", "commissioner": "Kaj Samsom (DFR Commissioner; appointed April 14, 2025)", "deputy_commissioner_insurance": "Mary Block, Director of Insurance Regulation", "rate_authority_note": "DFR reviews property & casualty rate filings under 8 V.S.A. Chapter 128 (prior-approval for some lines; file-and-use with deemer for others). DFR's role is to verify that rates are not excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory , not to set rates." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dfr.vermont.gov/about-us/dfr-commissioner-kaj-samsom", "source_name": "Vermont Department of Financial Regulation", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Kaj Samsom replaced Kevin Gaffney as DFR Commissioner on April 14, 2025. Mary Block has served as Director of Insurance Regulation since November 2022. DFR also houses Vermont's nationally significant captive insurance division (separate from the homeowners market)." }, { "field": "DOI_contact", "value": "DFR Insurance Division Consumer Services: (800) 964-1784 toll-free or (802) 828-3302; email dfr.insuranceinfo@vermont.gov; mail to 89 Main Street, Montpelier, VT 05620-3101. File a complaint: https://dfr.vermont.gov/consumers/file-complaint/insurance/insurance-complaints", "value_json": { "consumer_services_toll_free": "(800) 964-1784", "consumer_services_direct": "(802) 828-3302", "main_dfr_phone": "(802) 828-3301", "email": "dfr.insuranceinfo@vermont.gov", "complaint_url": "https://dfr.vermont.gov/consumers/file-complaint/insurance/insurance-complaints", "address": "89 Main Street, Montpelier, VT 05620-3101", "director_of_insurance_regulation_phone": "(802) 622-4146" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dfr.vermont.gov/consumers/file-complaint/insurance/insurance-complaints", "source_name": "Vermont Department of Financial Regulation", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Toll-free (800) 964-1784 is the consumer-services hotline cited on the Jan 2025 Rising Insurance Premiums advisory. DFR also publishes plain-English consumer guides on home and flood insurance." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Vermont's cancellation/non-renewal rules sit in three distinct statute sections, each with its own scope: (1) 8 V.S.A. § 3879 (grounds for cancellation only: nonpayment, fraud/misrepresentation, substantial increase in hazard). (2) 8 V.S.A. § 3880 (cancellation notice: 45 days; 15 days for non-payment or substantial hazard increase; specific reason MUST accompany the notice). (3) 8 V.S.A. § 3881 (non-renewal notice: 45 days; the statute does NOT require the insurer to state a reason; that requirement applies to cancellation only). A homeowner who received a non-renewal and demanded a stated reason citing § 3881 would be acting on incorrect legal guidance. No standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium; DFR may issue bulletins after a declared event.", "value_json": { "cancellation_grounds_statute": "8 V.S.A. § 3879", "cancellation_notice_statute": "8 V.S.A. § 3880", "cancellation_notice_days": 45, "cancellation_nonpayment_or_hazard_notice_days": 15, "cancellation_reason_required": true, "nonrenewal_statute": "8 V.S.A. § 3881", "nonrenewal_notice_days": 45, "nonrenewal_reason_required": false, "post_disaster_moratorium": "no standing statutory moratorium", "rate_approval_regime": "DFR reviews filings under 8 V.S.A. Chapter 128; cannot set rates" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/08/105/03881", "source_name": "8 V.S.A. § 3879 (grounds) + § 3880 (cancellation notice + reason) + § 3881 (non-renewal notice): Vermont Legislature", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-147 (2026-05-15): CRITICAL L16b correction. Prior `reason_required: true` was wrong for non-renewal — § 3881 requires only 45 days' notice; the reason requirement lives in § 3880 (cancellation notice) only. Three sections separated cleanly: § 3879 grounds, § 3880 cancellation-notice + reason, § 3881 non-renewal-notice (NO reason requirement). source_url moved from Justia (returns 403 on fetch) to the Vermont Legislature canonical." }, { "field": "rate_approval_regime", "value": "Vermont's property/casualty rate regulation is governed by 8 V.S.A. Chapter 128. DFR reviews homeowners filings for whether rates are excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory , but explicitly does not set or pre-approve rates for consumers; rates change after DFR review of the carrier filing.", "value_json": { "regime": "prior-approval/file-and-use hybrid under 8 V.S.A. Chapter 128", "doi_authority": "review filings; cannot set or fix rates", "doi_statement": "DFR's Insurance Division does not set insurance premiums for auto and homeowners insurance policies; its legal role is to analyze requested premium changes", "contrast_ca": "California Prop 103 requires prior approval and public intervenor process; Vermont has no Prop-103-equivalent" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dfr.vermont.gov/consumer-alert/consumer-advisory-rising-insurance-premiums", "source_name": "Vermont Department of Financial Regulation Consumer Advisory: Rising Insurance Premiums (Jan 2025)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "DFR's Jan 2025 Rising Insurance Premiums advisory states explicitly that DFR does not set homeowners or auto premiums. This bounds consumer expectations: a homeowner facing a large increase cannot ask DFR to roll it back; they can request a written explanation from the carrier and shop the market." }, { "field": "surplus_lines_role", "value": "Vermont surplus lines tax is 3% of premium, remitted quarterly by the broker (8 V.S.A. § 5035). Vermont does not maintain a state eligible-insurers list (DFR terminated all non-admitted insurer authorizations July 21, 2011); eligibility is determined under federal NRRA , domestic insurers need ≥$15M capital and surplus and authorization in their domicile state, alien insurers must appear on the NAIC IID Quarterly Listing.", "value_json": { "tax_rate_pct": 3, "tax_statute": "8 V.S.A. § 5035", "stamping_fee_pct": 0, "stamping_office": "none", "surplus_lines_association": "none", "eligible_insurers_list_maintained_by_state": false, "eligibility_list_terminated_date": "2011-07-21", "minimum_capital_surplus_usd": 15000000, "minimum_capital_surplus_statute": "8 V.S.A. § 5026", "diligent_search_statute": "8 V.S.A. § 5024", "disclosure_requirement_statute": "8 V.S.A. § 5028", "guaranty_fund_note": "Surplus lines policies are not covered by the Vermont Insurance Guaranty Association" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dfr.vermont.gov/industry/insurance/company-licensing/how-apply/surplus-lines-insurers", "source_name": "Vermont Department of Financial Regulation / 8 V.S.A. Chapter 138", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 2011 DFR action terminating all non-admitted insurer authorizations is the structural reason Vermont has no surplus-lines list today. Post-NRRA (2010 federal law) most states moved to NAIC-driven eligibility; Vermont took the additional step of dropping its own list entirely. The conspicuous-disclosure stamp required on every surplus lines policy reads: 'The company issuing this policy has not been licensed by the state of Vermont and the rates charged have not been approved by the commissioner of insurance.'" }, { "field": "guaranty_fund", "value": "Vermont Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association covers claims against insolvent admitted carriers; surplus lines / non-admitted insurers are not covered. 8 V.S.A. § 5028 requires a conspicuous notice on every surplus lines policy advising the policyholder of this gap.", "value_json": { "fund_name": "Vermont Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association", "covers": "admitted (licensed) property & casualty insurers", "does_not_cover": "surplus lines / non-admitted (E&S) insurers", "statute_basis": "8 V.S.A. Title 8 Chapter 111", "disclosure_requirement": "8 V.S.A. § 5028 (conspicuous stamp on surplus lines policies)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/08/138", "source_name": "Vermont Statutes Title 8", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Same structural gap as Arizona: a homeowner pushed into the surplus-lines market loses guaranty-fund backstop. With no Vermont FAIR Plan to absorb declined risks, the practical consequence is harsher than in plan states." }, { "field": "average_premium", "value": "Vermont's average homeowners premium is among the lowest in the US: approximately $1,050 to $1,310 per year for a standard policy with $300,000 in dwelling coverage in 2026 (secondary aggregators place it in that range). CNBC (July 2025) cited $1,248 for Vermont. The US average in 2026 is approximately $2,400 to $2,543. Vermont remains structurally low-premium because of low population density, low wildfire exposure, and a stable admitted-market presence; the 2023 to 2025 increases are real but on a low base.", "value_json": { "vt_avg_annual_2026_low_usd": 1050, "vt_avg_annual_2026_high_usd": 1310, "cnbc_jul_2025_avg_usd": 1248, "us_avg_2026_low_usd": 2400, "us_avg_2026_high_usd": 2543, "coverage_basis": "$300,000 dwelling / $1,000 deductible / HO-3", "range_note": "2026 secondary aggregator consensus places Vermont in the $1,050 to $1,310 range; CNBC July 2025 ($1,248) confirmed. The prior $950 lower bound is not supported by any 2026 source. NAIC official expenditure data through 2022 confirms Vermont well below the national average across all dwelling-coverage tiers.", "naic_benchmark": "Vermont below US average across all dwelling-coverage tiers (NAIC homeowners expenditure series, most recent official data through 2022)", "drivers_of_2024_2025_increases": [ "two consecutive July flood events (2023, 2024)", "reinsurance treaty hardening post-2023", "construction-cost inflation", "rising freeze and ice-dam claim severity" ] }, "unit": "USD", "source_url": "https://dfr.vermont.gov/consumer-alert/consumer-advisory-rising-insurance-premiums", "source_name": "Vermont DFR Consumer Advisory (Jan 2025) / CNBC (Jul 2025) / NAIC", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Triangulated: NAIC's homeowners-expenditure tables (most recent), CNBC's July 2025 state ranking, and DFR's January 2025 rising-premiums advisory. Vermont remains structurally low-premium because of low population density, low wildfire/wind exposure, and a stable admitted-market presence; the 2023-2025 increases are real but on a low base." }, { "field": "top_carriers", "value": "Vermont's homeowners market is led by Vermont Mutual (in-state mutual carrier, low-cost benchmark), with significant share also held by State Farm, Travelers, Allstate, Auto-Owners, USAA (military), Liberty Mutual, and MetLife/Farmers. There is no published HHI or top-N market-share table by DFR for the homeowners line.", "value_json": { "named_active_carriers": [ "Vermont Mutual Insurance Group", "State Farm", "Travelers", "Allstate", "Auto-Owners Insurance", "USAA", "Liberty Mutual", "MetLife / Farmers (through brand transitions)" ], "vermont_mutual_role": "domicile mutual carrier, historically the lowest-cost option; founded 1828 in Montpelier", "market_share_data_published_by_dfr": false }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dfr.vermont.gov/insurance-help-type/home-and-renters-insurance", "source_name": "Vermont Department of Financial Regulation", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "DFR does not publish a homeowners market-share report; NAIC's annual market share data is the public benchmark. Carrier list confirmed across a secondary aggregator, a secondary aggregator, and a secondary aggregator 2025-2026 state guides , not primary sources for rate, but adequate for naming the active carriers. Verify market shares against NAIC Market Share Reports before publishing percentages." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "No DFR-published list of named carriers exiting or pausing the Vermont homeowners market as of May 2026. Anecdotal reporting (Conservation Law Foundation, VTDigger, Vermont Public) describes increased non-renewals concentrated in floodplain communities and higher deductibles/exclusions on repeat-flood properties post-2023. No State-Farm/Allstate-style public exit announcement has occurred in Vermont.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "(unnamed carriers)", "action": "elevated non-renewals on repeat-flooded properties; tightened underwriting in floodplain ZIPs", "date": "2023-2025", "source": "Conservation Law Foundation / VTDigger / Vermont Public reporting; not a DFR carrier-named list" }, { "carrier": "(market aggregate)", "action": "higher flood deductibles, exclusions for repeat-loss properties, premium increases on homes in mapped SFHA", "date": "2024-2025", "source": "Vermont Public, Oct 2024" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.clf.org/blog/the-truth-about-climate-change-and-home-insurance/", "source_name": "Conservation Law Foundation / Vermont Public", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Vermont's carrier-pullback story is more diffuse than California's. No DFR Bulletin names a withdrawing carrier; aggregate signals point to underwriting tightening rather than market exits. Watch for DFR market-conduct reports and the next P&C claims data call." }, { "field": "catastrophe_history", "value": "Major modern Vermont insured-loss events: Tropical Storm Irene (Aug 2011, ~$733M state damage, statewide flooding); July 2023 Catastrophic Floods (FEMA-4720-DR-VT, declared July 14, 2023; severe storms, flooding, landslides July 7-21; Washington/Lamoille/Caledonia/Windsor counties hardest hit; Montpelier and Barre devastated); July 2024 Floods (FEMA-4810-DR-VT, declared Aug 2024; July 9-11 2024; Addison/Caledonia/Chittenden/Essex/Lamoille/Orleans/Washington counties); cumulative July 2023 - July 2024 disasters spanned all 14 VT counties and >150 cities/towns, >$1B in damage.", "value_json": { "events": [ { "name": "Tropical Storm Irene", "year": 2011, "date": "2011-08-28 through 2011-09-02", "fema_dr": "FEMA-4022-DR-VT", "estimated_damage_usd": 733000000, "note": "single most costly Vermont disaster pre-2023; reshaped state flood-resilience policy" }, { "name": "July 2023 Catastrophic Floods", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-07-07 through 2023-07-21", "fema_dr": "FEMA-4720-DR-VT", "declared": "2023-07-14", "rainfall_inches_48hr": "3 to 9", "counties_hardest_hit": [ "Washington", "Lamoille", "Caledonia", "Windsor" ], "communities_hardest_hit": [ "Montpelier", "Barre", "Ludlow", "Plymouth", "Cavendish" ] }, { "name": "December 2023 Storms", "year": 2023, "fema_dr": "FEMA-4751-DR-VT", "note": "secondary winter-storm declaration" }, { "name": "July 2024 Floods", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-07-09 through 2024-07-11", "fema_dr": "FEMA-4810-DR-VT", "counties": [ "Addison", "Caledonia", "Chittenden", "Essex", "Lamoille", "Orleans", "Washington" ], "note": "second consecutive July flood; same communities re-hit" } ], "cumulative_2023_to_2024": { "federal_declarations": 5, "counties_affected_total": 14, "communities_affected": "more than 150", "estimated_damage_usd_billions": "more than 1" } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.fema.gov/disaster/4720", "source_name": "FEMA / Vermont Emergency Management / Vermont League of Cities and Towns", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "FEMA disaster numbers verified against FEMA.gov and VLCT.org. The back-to-back July 2023 / July 2024 floods are the structural shock that reshaped Vermont's insurance market , not wildfire, not coastal wind." }, { "field": "flood_insurance_data_call_2023", "value": "DFR issued a Bulletin 227 data call requiring all property/casualty insurers to report claims with date of loss between July 7, 2023 and September 1, 2023. Findings: 35-40% of flood insurance claims after the July 2023 flood were for properties outside the FEMA-mapped Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA); insurers closed claims on average within 24 days; average NFIP claim payment was $71,301 vs. $284,236 for private flood policies (reflecting higher-value properties).", "value_json": { "issuer": "Vermont DFR Insurance Division (Bulletin 227)", "scope": "all P&C carriers; claims with date of loss 2023-07-07 to 2023-09-01", "key_findings": { "percent_claims_outside_SFHA": "35 to 40", "avg_claim_closure_days": 24, "avg_NFIP_claim_payment_usd": 71301, "avg_private_flood_claim_payment_usd": 284236 }, "publication_url": "https://dfr.vermont.gov/2023-flood-insurance-data-call-details" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dfr.vermont.gov/2023-flood-insurance-data-call-details", "source_name": "Vermont Department of Financial Regulation 2023 Flood Insurance Data Call", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 35-40% out-of-SFHA finding is the single most-cited statistic from this data call and the strongest argument for buying flood coverage outside the mandatory zone. Vermont's flood-claim profile is unusual because heavy rainfall on saturated mountainous terrain generates losses across the watershed, not just along mapped flood zones." }, { "field": "nfip_uptake", "value": "Vermont NFIP penetration is very low: approximately 2,223 policies in force April 2024 covering approximately $562M, with approximately 1,160 in SFHA. NFIP uptake grew significantly post-2023, reaching approximately 4,500 active policies by March 2026. The average NFIP premium in Vermont as of December 2025 is approximately $1,489 per year (per FEMA Risk Rating 2.0 data), reflecting significant variation by property location and flood-risk tier. Even at the higher 2026 figure, fewer than approximately 1.5% of Vermont housing units carry flood insurance.", "value_json": { "policies_apr_2024": 2223, "policies_apr_2024_in_sfha": 1160, "total_insured_value_apr_2024_usd": 562000000, "policies_mar_2026": 4500, "avg_premium_dec_2025_usd": 1489, "avg_premium_note": "December 2025 FEMA Risk Rating 2.0 data; prior figure of $1,625 may reflect a projected or high-risk-property average under Risk Rating 2.0 rather than the current statewide mean", "total_annual_premium_mar_2026_usd": null, "vt_housing_units_approx": 330000, "uptake_pct_estimate": "approx 1.3 to 1.5" }, "unit": "policies", "source_url": "https://www.fema.gov/flood-insurance/risk-rating/profiles", "source_name": "FEMA NFIP Risk Rating 2.0 State Profiles", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Apr 2024 figure from Flood Ready Vermont (state portal); Mar 2026 figure from secondary aggregator and should be re-verified against the FEMA NFIP policy-statistics endpoint before publication. Uptake remains structurally low because (a) standard homeowners excludes flood, (b) mortgage requirement only triggers in mapped SFHA, (c) >35% of 2023 claims were from properties not required to carry NFIP." }, { "field": "flood_disclosure_law", "value": "Effective June 17, 2024 under Act 181 (originally H.687), Vermont requires sellers, landlords, and mobile-home park owners to disclose flood-risk information in residential real estate transactions: FEMA flood zone, prior flooding during ownership, erosion/landslide damage, and prior flood insurance. Buyers may terminate the contract and recover payments if required disclosures are not made.", "value_json": { "act": "Act 181 (2024 session); originally H.687", "effective_date": "2024-06-17", "applies_to": [ "home sales", "rentals", "mobile/manufactured home sales" ], "disclosures_required": [ "FEMA-mapped high or moderate flood-risk zone status", "any flooding while the seller/landlord owned the property", "flood-related damage from erosion or landslides", "whether prior flood insurance was carried on the property" ], "buyer_remedy": "right to terminate contract and recover payments for non-disclosure" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://floodready.vermont.gov/disclosure", "source_name": "Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Flood Ready Vermont / Act 181 (2024)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Vermont became one of the first states to mandate buyer-side flood disclosure after the 2023 flood. Companion provisions for landlords are a notable expansion vs. peer states. Buyer-side termination right is the practical enforcement teeth." }, { "field": "wildfire_exposure", "value": "Vermont has minimal wildfire exposure relative to western states. The Green Mountain National Forest sees mostly small fires (most ignitions from unattended campfires). WUI exists at the edges of Brattleboro, Stowe, and outskirts of Burlington but is not a structural insurance-market driver. Sept-Oct 2025 drought prompted GMNF fire restrictions but no major structure losses.", "value_json": { "homes_at_moderate_or_greater_wildfire_risk_vt": "negligible (not in Cotality 2025 top-20 states)", "wui_communities_notable": [ "Brattleboro outskirts", "Stowe", "Burlington edge" ], "primary_fire_management_agency_state": "Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation", "primary_fire_management_agency_federal": "USFS Green Mountain & Finger Lakes National Forests", "2025_drought_actions": "GMNF issued fire restrictions September 2025; no major structure-loss event" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://fpr.vermont.gov/forest/wildland-fire/monitoring-fire-danger", "source_name": "Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation / USFS Green Mountain National Forest", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Wildfire is essentially a non-issue for Vermont homeowners insurance pricing today. The 2025 drought + GMNF restrictions are worth monitoring but do not yet show up in carrier rate filings. Vermont's insurance crisis is flood-driven, not fire-driven." }, { "field": "freeze_ice_dam_exposure", "value": "Vermont has elevated winter-peril exposure: ice dams, freeze losses, and burst-pipe claims are common. Industry research (Insurance Information Institute / III) finds that water damage and freezing accounted for 22% of homeowners-claim frequency in 2011, rising to ~45% by 2015. Ice-damming is one of the most common winter claims across the Northeast.", "value_json": { "peril_category": "water damage + freezing", "share_of_homeowners_claims_2011_pct": 22, "share_of_homeowners_claims_2015_pct": 45, "vermont_specific_drivers": [ "long sub-freezing winters", "older housing stock with limited attic insulation", "snow-load + roof-ice cycle", "rural water systems vulnerable to freeze" ], "industry_baseline_claim_frequency_water_or_freezing": "approximately 1 in 50 insured homes per year (2011-2015 cycle, US-wide)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/fact-statistic/facts-statistics-homeowners-and-renters-insurance", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute (III) homeowners facts", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Vermont-specific freeze/ice-dam claim frequency is not separately published; the III's national series is the best public benchmark. The structural point for Vermont readers: even setting aside flood, freeze-related water damage is the dominant claim type and the policy-feature most worth checking (sudden-and-accidental water damage, sub-limits on mold remediation)." }, { "field": "rising_premium_advisory", "value": "DFR issued a Consumer Advisory on Rising Insurance Premiums in January 2025, telling consumers: (1) DFR does not set or pre-approve auto or homeowners premiums; (2) carriers must provide a clear written explanation of an increase if requested; (3) consumers should shop the market and review coverage / deductible options; (4) Consumer Services hotline is (800) 964-1784 or dfr.insuranceinfo@vermont.gov.", "value_json": { "advisory_date": "2025-01", "issuer": "Vermont DFR Insurance Division", "key_messages": [ "DFR reviews filings; does not set rates", "consumers have a right to a clear, written explanation of any increase", "shopping the market and adjusting deductibles are the primary consumer levers", "Consumer Services hotline: (800) 964-1784" ], "drivers_cited_by_dfr": [ "catastrophic weather events", "inflation", "rising building / construction costs" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dfr.vermont.gov/consumer-alert/consumer-advisory-rising-insurance-premiums", "source_name": "Vermont Department of Financial Regulation Consumer Advisory", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The Jan 2025 advisory is the most authoritative current DFR statement on the homeowners-insurance market. Note the absence of any FAIR-Plan / state-backstop language , by design, because Vermont has none." }, { "field": "consumer_guidance", "value": "If admitted carriers decline you in Vermont, options are: (1) work with a DFR-licensed surplus-lines broker for non-admitted (E&S) coverage, recognizing that surplus-lines policies are not backed by the Vermont Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association; (2) shop the admitted market , Vermont Mutual, State Farm, Travelers, Allstate, Auto-Owners are all actively writing; (3) buy flood coverage separately (NFIP or private market) , standard homeowners excludes flood; (4) file a complaint with DFR Consumer Services at (800) 964-1784 if a non-renewal or cancellation violates the 45-day notice or reason-stated requirement under 8 V.S.A. § 3879 (cancellation) or § 3881 (non-renewal).", "value_json": { "options": [ "DFR-licensed surplus lines broker (no guaranty-association backing)", "shop admitted market (Vermont Mutual, State Farm, Travelers, Allstate, Auto-Owners, USAA, Liberty Mutual)", "separate flood policy (NFIP or private; standard HO-3 excludes flood)", "complaint to DFR Consumer Services (800) 964-1784 if statutory non-renewal rules violated" ], "no_fair_plan_fallback": true, "statutes": [ "8 V.S.A. § 3879", "8 V.S.A. § 3881", "8 V.S.A. Chapter 138 (surplus lines)" ], "out_of_sfha_flood_caveat": "35-40% of 2023 VT flood-insurance claims were from properties outside the FEMA mapped flood zone , consider buying flood insurance even if you are not required to" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dfr.vermont.gov/insurance-help-type/home-and-renters-insurance", "source_name": "Vermont Department of Financial Regulation", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 'buy flood even if you are out of the SFHA' guidance is the single highest-value piece of consumer advice for Vermont and is directly supported by the DFR 2023 Flood Insurance Data Call. The 'no guaranty-association backing for surplus lines' caveat is the parallel critical disclosure when admitted markets decline." }, { "field": "key_statutes", "value": "Core Vermont homeowners-insurance statutes: 8 V.S.A. § 3879 (cancellation of fire/casualty insurance: 45 days notice; 15 days for non-payment or hazard increase; reason required); 8 V.S.A. § 3881 (non-renewal: 45 days notice); 8 V.S.A. Chapter 128 (P&C rate regulation, §§ 4681-4716, three subchapters: insurance rates and statistics §§ 4681-4696, general administration §§ 4700-4708, cancellations of policies §§ 4711-4716); 8 V.S.A. Chapter 138 (Non-admitted insurers and surplus lines, §§ 5021-5039, including § 5024 diligent search, § 5026 $15M minimum capital, § 5028 disclosure stamp, § 5035 3% tax).", "value_json": { "Title_8_V_S_A_3879": "Cancellation of fire and casualty insurance: 45 days written notice; 15 days for non-payment or substantial increase in hazard; reason required", "Title_8_V_S_A_3881": "Non-renewal: 45 days written notice", "Title_8_V_S_A_Chapter_128": "Property and Casualty Insurance Rate Regulation (§§ 4681-4716); Subchapter 1: Insurance Rates and Statistics (§§ 4681-4696); Subchapter 2: General Administration (§§ 4700-4708); Subchapter 3: Cancellations of Policies (§§ 4711-4716)", "Title_8_V_S_A_Chapter_138": "Non-Admitted Insurers and Surplus Lines Insurance (§§ 5021-5039)", "Title_8_V_S_A_5024": "Diligent search requirement for surplus lines placement", "Title_8_V_S_A_5026": "$15M minimum capital and surplus for non-admitted insurers", "Title_8_V_S_A_5028": "Mandatory disclosure stamp: 'The company issuing this policy has not been licensed by the state of Vermont and the rates charged have not been approved by the commissioner of insurance.'", "Title_8_V_S_A_5035": "3% surplus lines premium tax, broker-collected, quarterly", "Act_181_2024": "Flood-risk disclosure for residential real-estate transactions (27 V.S.A. § 380), effective June 17, 2024; amended by Act 52 (2025 session, effective September 1, 2025) to require providing a copy or link of the official FEMA flood insurance rate map" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/title/08", "source_name": "Vermont Statutes Title 8 (Banking and Insurance)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "These are the statutes a Vermont homeowner needs to know by section number. Cite them when describing what a carrier owes a policyholder." }, { "field": "industry_data_sources", "value": "Authoritative VT-specific datasets: (1) DFR 2023 Flood Insurance Data Call (Bulletin 227 , claims 2023-07-07 to 2023-09-01, top-30 towns with highest losses); (2) DFR P&C Bulletins / Market Conduct Exams; (3) FEMA NFIP policy and claims statistics for Vermont; (4) FEMA OpenFEMA disaster declarations FEMA-4022 (Irene), FEMA-4720 (July 2023), FEMA-4751 (Dec 2023), FEMA-4810 (July 2024); (5) NAIC Market Share Reports for Vermont; (6) Flood Ready Vermont community reports.", "value_json": { "dfr_2023_flood_data_call": { "url": "https://dfr.vermont.gov/2023-flood-insurance-data-call-details", "scope": "P&C claims 2023-07-07 to 2023-09-01", "bulletin": "DFR Insurance Bulletin 227" }, "dfr_bulletins_regs": "https://dfr.vermont.gov/view/regbul", "fema_nfip_vt": "https://floodready.vermont.gov/flood-insurance", "fema_disasters_vt": "https://www.fema.gov/disaster/state-tribal-government/vermont", "naic_market_share": "https://content.naic.org/cipr_topics/topic_market_share_reports.htm", "flood_ready_vt": "https://floodready.vermont.gov/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dfr.vermont.gov/2023-flood-insurance-data-call-details", "source_name": "Vermont DFR / FEMA / NAIC", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "DFR's 2023 Flood Insurance Data Call is the single most useful Vermont-specific dataset for any flood-insurance story. Re-check whether DFR issued a 2024 Flood Insurance Data Call after FEMA-4810; that would be the next-best contemporaneous resource." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Key 2023-2026 timeline: Jul 2023 , catastrophic floods (FEMA-4720); late 2023 , DFR 2023 Flood Insurance Data Call (Bulletin 227); Jun 17 2024 , Act 181 flood-risk disclosure law effective; Jul 2024 , second consecutive July flood (FEMA-4810); Jan 2025 , DFR Consumer Advisory: Rising Insurance Premiums; Apr 14 2025 , Kaj Samsom appointed DFR Commissioner; Jul 1 2025 , Vermont Climate Council 2025 Climate Action Plan released; 2025-2026 , NFIP policy uptake roughly doubles vs. 2024 baseline (~2,223 → ~4,500).", "value_json": { "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-10", "event": "July 2023 catastrophic floods (FEMA-4720-DR-VT declared 2023-07-14)" }, { "date": "2023 late", "event": "DFR Bulletin 227 to 2023 Flood Insurance Data Call" }, { "date": "2024-05-14", "event": "Vermont Legislature passes flood-disclosure law (H.687 → Act 181)" }, { "date": "2024-06-17", "event": "Act 181 flood-risk disclosure for real-estate transactions takes effect" }, { "date": "2024-07-10", "event": "July 2024 floods (FEMA-4810-DR-VT)" }, { "date": "2025-01", "event": "DFR Consumer Advisory: Rising Insurance Premiums" }, { "date": "2025-04-14", "event": "Kaj Samsom appointed DFR Commissioner" }, { "date": "2025-07-01", "event": "Vermont Climate Council 2025 Climate Action Plan released" }, { "date": "2026-01-28", "event": "Christine Brown elevated to Deputy Commissioner of Captive Insurance" }, { "date": "2026-03", "event": "NFIP policies in force in VT approximately 4,500 (vs. ~2,223 Apr 2024)" } ], "current_commissioner": { "name": "Kaj Samsom", "title": "Commissioner of Financial Regulation", "confirmed_date": "2025-04-14", "predecessor": "Kevin J. Gaffney (retired early 2025; Sandy Bigglestone served as Acting Commissioner Jan-Apr 2025)", "source_url": "https://dfr.vermont.gov/about-us/commissioner-vermont-department-financial-regulation", "source_name": "Vermont Department of Financial Regulation - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 1, "label": "1" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Vermont billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/VT", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://dfr.vermont.gov/", "source_name": "Vermont Department of Financial Regulation / FEMA / Vermont Legislature", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "This is the right field to keep current. The next likely change is either (a) a 2024 Flood Insurance Data Call follow-up, (b) the 2026 legislative session addressing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium authority, or (c) NAIC Market Share data showing whether admitted carriers are quietly reducing exposure in floodplain ZIPs." } ] }, { "code": "WA", "name": "Washington", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/washington-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://wafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Washington FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Active FAIR Plan confirmed on the plan's own website (wafairplan.com), the Iowa FAIR Plan directory of state plans, PIPSO membership, the Washington OIC consumer pages, and the Insurance Information Institute FY2024 FAIR-Plan-by-state table (~306 habitational policies, one of the smaller FAIR Plans by policy count, despite Washington's growing wildfire exposure). Established in 1968. Statutory/regulatory basis: created by the Insurance Commissioner under general authority in RCW 48.02.060; the program ('Washington essential property insurance inspection and placement program') is set out in Chapter 284-19 WAC. Participation is mandatory for all insurers authorized to write property insurance in Washington." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Washington FAIR Plan Association (Washington FAIR Plan)", "value_json": { "name": "Washington FAIR Plan Association", "common_name": "Washington FAIR Plan", "also": "Washington Essential Property Insurance Inspection and Placement Program (regulatory name)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://wafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Washington FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Plan refers to itself as the 'Washington FAIR Plan' / 'Washington FAIR Plan Association' on wafairplan.com; the underlying regulatory program (Chapter 284-19 WAC) is the 'Washington essential property insurance inspection and placement program'. Confirmed on the Iowa FAIR Plan directory and the Washington OIC consumer pages ('Washington state Fair Access to Insurance Requirements (FAIR) plan')." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://wafairplan.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://wafairplan.com/", "faq": "https://www.wafairplan.com/faq/", "email": "wafairplan@wafairplan.com" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://wafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Washington FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Official website wafairplan.com confirmed resolving and is the plan's own site (lists the Lynnwood address, phone, FAQ, and applications section). Cross-confirmed on the Iowa FAIR Plan directory of all state FAIR Plan sites and referenced (with the plan's phone number, 425-745-9808) on the Washington OIC's wildfire-and-homeowner-insurance page." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Basic fire insurance for owner- and tenant-occupied dwellings, apartment buildings and commercial structures, with Extended Coverage and Vandalism available as additional coverages. A range of deductibles is available. Coverage for liability, theft, and most types of water-related losses is NOT available, and the plan does NOT cover flood. WILDFIRE: there is no separate 'wildfire' peril or endorsement, wildfire damage is covered to the extent it falls within the standard fire-insurance coverage of the policy (i.e. a Washington FAIR Plan fire policy responds to wildfire the same way a standard fire policy would). VALUATION: policies are issued exclusively on an actual cash value (ACV) basis; replacement cost is not available. Note: the plan does not write full homeowners (HO) policies, it writes basic fire / dwelling-property-type coverage on real and tangible personal property at a fixed location (the regulation also expressly covers builder's-risk coverage on property under construction or rehabilitation).", "value_json": { "base_coverage": "standard fire policy (covers wildfire as fire loss)", "optional_extended_coverage": [ "Extended Coverage (wind, hail, explosion, riot, aircraft, vehicles, smoke)", "Vandalism and Malicious Mischief" ], "builders_risk_available": true, "deductibles": "range available", "liability_available": false, "theft_available": false, "water_damage_available": false, "exclusions": [ "flood", "liability", "theft", "most water-related losses", "automobiles", "farm risks", "manufacturing risks" ], "wildfire_treatment": "covered as a fire loss under the standard fire policy; no separate wildfire peril/endorsement", "valuation_basis": "ACV only; replacement cost not available" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.wafairplan.com/faq/", "source_name": "Washington FAIR Plan Association: FAQ", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Coverage detail from the plan's own FAQ: 'Basic fire insurance coverage for owner and tenant occupied dwellings, apartment buildings and commercial structures'; 'Extended Coverage and Vandalism' available; 'Coverage for liability, theft, and most types of water-related losses are not available'; range of deductibles available. 'Essential property insurance' definition (standard fire policy + extended coverage + vandalism + builder's risk; excludes autos / farm / manufacturing) confirmed from Chapter 284-19 WAC. There is no wildfire-specific endorsement, wildfire is simply a fire loss, consistent with the Washington OIC's guidance that standard fire coverage responds to wildfire. Per data-verifier-Wave-16 (2026-05-16): valuation basis explicitly confirmed as ACV only from plan FAQ ('issued exclusively on an actual cash value basis, not replacement cost'); prior 'not separately confirmed' caveat was stale and removed." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "$1,500,000, the maximum coverage available under a dwelling or commercial policy (maximum liability of the facility per property at one location). The plan seeks placement in the voluntary market for amounts exceeding this limit.", "value_json": { "max_per_property_one_location_usd": 1500000, "applies_to": "dwelling or commercial policy", "currency": "USD", "note": "facility seeks voluntary-market placement for amounts above this limit" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.wafairplan.com/faq/", "source_name": "Washington FAIR Plan Association: FAQ", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "$1,500,000 cap confirmed from the plan's own FAQ ('The maximum coverage available under a dwelling or commercial policy is $1,500,000') and from Chapter 284-19 WAC ('maximum liability ... per property at one location' of $1,500,000, with the facility seeking placement for amounts exceeding it). This is a per-property/per-location maximum, not a separate dwelling-vs-contents split." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "typical", "value_json": { "status": "typical" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.wafairplan.com/faq/", "source_name": "Washington FAIR Plan Association: FAQ", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Washington FAIR Plan policies are much narrower than a standard homeowners policy (basic fire + optional extended coverage/vandalism; no liability, no theft, no water damage). Brokers commonly pair a FAIR Plan policy with a separate liability/personal-property policy. No formal named DIC/wrap product found; 'typical' is soft." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Available statewide to any person with an insurable interest in real or tangible personal property at a fixed location in Washington who has difficulty obtaining property insurance in the standard (admitted) market, provided the property is occupied and reasonably maintained. The property is subject to a (free, no-deposit) inspection assessing structural condition, occupancy and general building condition; the plan applies minimum eligibility/fire-safety standards and may impose surcharges or conditions. Automobiles, farm risks and manufacturing risks are not eligible. Chapter 284-19 WAC does not require an applicant to prove a fixed number of prior declinations before applying, but the program is intended only for risks that cannot be placed in the normal market.", "value_json": { "rule": "insurable interest at a fixed location + difficulty obtaining coverage in the standard market; property occupied and reasonably maintained", "declinations_required": null, "property_inspection": true, "inspection_free": true, "excluded_property_types": [ "automobiles", "farm risks", "manufacturing risks" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=284-19&full=true", "source_name": "Chapter 284-19 WAC: Washington essential property insurance inspection and placement program", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Eligibility ('any person having an insurable interest in real or tangible personal property at a fixed location'; property must be occupied and reasonably maintained; free inspection with report available to the applicant; excludes autos/farm/manufacturing) confirmed from Chapter 284-19 WAC and the plan's own site/FAQ. No statutory declination count, the plan exists for risks the normal market won't write." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through any Washington-licensed property insurance agent, the FAIR Plan does not sell directly to consumers; the agent submits the application. Applicants (or their agent) can also request a free property inspection. Contact: Washington FAIR Plan Association, 2122 164th Street SW, Suite 301, Lynnwood, WA 98087; phone 425-745-9808 (toll free 866-745-9808); email wafairplan@wafairplan.com. The Washington OIC directs homeowners who can't find coverage after a cancellation or non-renewal to call the FAIR Plan at 425-745-9808.", "value_json": { "channel": "any WA-licensed property insurance agent", "free_inspection_available": true, "address": "2122 164th Street SW, Suite 301, Lynnwood, WA 98087", "phone": "425-745-9808 (toll free 866-745-9808)", "email": "wafairplan@wafairplan.com", "plan_url": "https://wafairplan.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://wafairplan.com/", "source_name": "Washington FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Contact details, Lynnwood address, and agent-channel requirement confirmed from the plan's own site/FAQ; the plan's phone number is also published on the Washington OIC's wildfire-and-homeowner-insurance consumer page as the route for people who can't find coverage." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market for much narrower coverage (basic fire + optional extended coverage/vandalism; no liability, theft or water damage). A genuine last resort, not a price-competition fallback. In Washington's wildfire-exposed eastern counties (Chelan/Leavenworth, Spokane area, Okanogan, etc.) it is increasingly the only available option for homeowners dropped by standard carriers over wildfire risk scores, often after surplus-lines markets are also exhausted.", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, much narrower coverage; no liability/theft/water; last resort, increasingly the only option in eastern-WA wildfire zones" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.wa.gov/homeowner-insurance", "source_name": "Washington Office of the Insurance Commissioner, homeowner insurance consumer guidance", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "General FAIR Plan characterization plus the wildfire-zone context from Washington OIC statements and 2024-2026 reporting (KING 5 'coverage crisis' series, KPQ Chelan County, Spokesman-Review). No Washington FAIR Plan vs standard-market premium comparison found in primary sources; this row is editorial inference from the structural facts. Per data-verifier-Wave-16 (2026-05-16): source_url moved from wafairplan.com homepage (no premium comparison data) to OIC consumer page; the claim is editorial framing of the OIC's documented narrative, not a quoted figure." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "Washington FAIR Plan habitational policies ~306 / total exposure ~$176 million per Insurance Information Institute FY2024 reporting (figures may lag a fiscal year), still small in absolute terms, but applicant interest is rising sharply as the eastern-Washington wildfire-insurance squeeze worsens. The Washington OIC reports homeowner non-renewals/cancellations statewide roughly doubled from 11,763 (2021) to 24,106 (recent year), with wildfire-related complaints in H1 2024 exceeding the prior two years combined; the OIC launched an annual residential non-renewal/cancellation data call (by ZIP code and reason) in 2024. Effective July 1, 2025, the statutory non-renewal notice period for property/homeowner policies increased from 45 to 60 days (RCW 48.18.2901). In the 2026 legislative session Commissioner Patty Kuderer backed SB 5928 (insurers must disclose wildfire risk scores and explain them, passed Senate 48-1) and SB 6079 (grants for retrofitting homes to 'Wildfire Prepared Home' standards, with protections barring cancellation of participating homeowners, passed Senate February 13, 2026), both stemming from December 2025 recommendations of the OIC/DNR Wildfire Mitigation and Resiliency Standards Work Group. Both DIED in the House when the 2026 short session adjourned sine die on 2026-03-12; can be reintroduced in the 2027 session.", "value_json": { "habitational_policies_fy2024_approx": 306, "exposure_fy2024_approx_usd": 176330000, "statewide_nonrenewals_cancellations_2021": 11763, "statewide_nonrenewals_cancellations_recent": 24106, "oic_nonrenewal_data_call_started": 2024, "nonrenewal_notice_increase": { "from_days": 45, "to_days": 60, "effective": "2025-07-01", "statute": "RCW 48.18.2901" }, "active_2026_bills": [ { "bill": "SB 5928", "topic": "wildfire risk score disclosure (insurers must disclose + explain scores)", "senate_vote": "48-1", "status_2026_05": "died in House when 2026 session ended 2026-03-12", "needs_house_action": false }, { "bill": "SB 6079", "topic": "Wildfire Prepared Home retrofit grants + cancellation protections for participating homeowners", "senate_vote": "37-11", "status_2026_05": "died in House when 2026 session ended 2026-03-12", "needs_house_action": false } ], "current_commissioner": { "name": "Patty Kuderer", "title": "Insurance Commissioner", "confirmed_date": "2025-01-15", "predecessor": "Mike Kreidler (retired after 6 elected terms / 24 years; declined to seek re-election in 2024)", "source_url": "https://www.insurance.wa.gov/about-us/news/2025/kuderer-sworn-insurance-commissioner", "source_name": "Washington Office of the Insurance Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 2, "label": "2" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Washington billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/WA", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.wa.gov/about-us/news/2026/washington-consumers-most-risk-wildfires-deserve-our-help", "source_name": "Washington Office of the Insurance Commissioner (news, 2026) + Insurance Information Institute (FY2024 reporting)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "Policy count/exposure from the III FAIR-Plan-by-state table. Statewide non-renewal/cancellation figures (11,763 -> 24,106), the 2024 OIC data call, and the wildfire-risk-score context from the Washington OIC's January 2026 news release. RCW 48.18.2901 non-renewal-notice change to 60 days effective 2025-07-01 confirmed from the statute. Per data-verifier-128 (2026-05-15): both SB 5928 (Senate 48-1) and SB 6079 (Senate 37-11) DIED in House when the 2026 short session ended 2026-03-12; the SCS Senate-vote attribution previously rolled both into one figure. Bills can be reintroduced in the 2027 session. No WA FAIR Plan rate filing identified." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Washington requires an insurer to give the named insured at least 60 days' written notice before the policy expiration date of an intention not to renew a property/homeowner policy, and the notice must state the insurer's actual reason for refusing to renew (RCW 48.18.2901; the notice period was 45 days until July 1, 2025, when SB 5798 raised it). Mid-term cancellation of a property policy is governed by RCW 48.18.290: the insurer must give 60 days' advance written notice of cancellation, except 10 days for non-payment of premium (the general 45-day notice in the prior statute was raised to 60 days by SB 5798, effective July 1, 2025; the '45 days' that still appears in some secondary sources refers to a premium-refund deadline, not to a notice period). RCW 48.18.291 is the parallel auto-insurance cancellation statute and does not apply to property/homeowners policies. Washington does not have a standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium of the California type.", "value_json": { "nonrenewal_statute": "RCW 48.18.2901", "nonrenewal_notice_days": 60, "nonrenewal_notice_days_prior_to_2025_07_01": 45, "nonrenewal_reason_required": true, "cancellation_statute": "RCW 48.18.290", "cancellation_notice_days_general": 60, "cancellation_notice_days_general_prior_to_2025_07_01": 45, "cancellation_notice_days_nonpayment": 10, "post_disaster_moratorium": "none standing" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=48.18.2901", "source_name": "RCW 48.18.2901 (renewal required: exceptions) + RCW 48.18.290 (cancellation): Washington Legislature; SB 5798 (2024 c 244, effective 2025-07-01)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Per data-verifier-128 (2026-05-15): MATERIAL correction. (1) `cancellation_notice_days_general` was 45; SB 5798 (2024 c 244) raised the RCW 48.18.290 cancellation notice from 45 to 60 days effective 2025-07-01, in parallel with the non-renewal change. The '45 days' that secondary sources kept citing is the premium-refund deadline in the statute, not a notice period. (2) Removed RCW 48.18.291 from the cancellation citation; .291 covers private passenger auto only and does not apply to homeowners/dwelling. (3) Removed `cancellation_protection_after_days: 60` (enumerated-grounds-after-60-days restriction): RCW 48.18.290 governs notice mechanics only, not grounds, for property policies; the enumerated-grounds rule exists in CA/FL but not WA. The notes field's prior caveat ('read the precise statutory text before publishing exact cancellation day-counts') was correct, the secondary sources had drifted from the post-2025 statute. Per data-verifier-Wave-16 (2026-05-16): RCW 48.18.290(1)(d) (as amended by SB 5798) includes a 5-day cancellation-notice carve-out for standalone fire-insurance policies. The WA FAIR Plan's dwelling-fire products almost certainly fall under the 60-day dwelling-fire rule (not the 5-day fire-only carve-out) because they're bundled-coverage policies (basic fire + optional extended-coverage + vandalism), but the row's top-line `cancellation_notice_days_general: 60` is the correct value for that product class either way." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "No single major carrier has publicly announced a wholesale exit from Washington's homeowners market, but multiple standard insurers have been non-renewing or declining homeowners in wildfire-exposed eastern Washington, Chelan County (Leavenworth area), Okanogan County, the Spokane area and other forest/shrubland-adjacent communities, pricing by wildfire risk score and dropping long-tenured, claim-free policyholders. The Washington OIC reports statewide homeowner non-renewals/cancellations roughly doubled (11,763 in 2021 to ~24,106 recently), much of it wildfire-driven, with affected homeowners turning to surplus-lines carriers and the FAIR Plan. No specific named-carrier 'leaving Washington' announcement was verified.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": null, "action": "no confirmed wholesale major-carrier exit; multiple standard carriers non-renewing/declining homeowners in eastern-WA wildfire zones (Chelan/Leavenworth, Okanogan, Spokane area), pricing by wildfire risk score; statewide non-renewals/cancellations ~doubled 2021->recent", "date": "2021-2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.wa.gov/about-us/news/2026/washington-consumers-most-risk-wildfires-deserve-our-help", "source_name": "Washington Office of the Insurance Commissioner (news, 2026)", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "The pattern (standard carriers non-renewing/declining in eastern-WA wildfire zones; pricing by risk score; statewide non-renewals doubling; homeowners pushed to surplus lines + FAIR Plan) is well-documented by the Washington OIC and 2024-2026 reporting (KING 5 'coverage crisis', KPQ, Spokesman-Review, ProgramBusiness). No individual carrier has been named with a dated 'exiting Washington' announcement, confidence kept low for that reason. Verified_at bumped 2026-05-11 → 2026-05-16 by data-verifier-Wave-16; underlying value still accurate." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://www.insurance.wa.gov/insurance-resources/home-insurance/insurance-natural-disasters/wildfires-and-homeowner-insurance", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.insurance.wa.gov/insurance-resources/home-insurance/insurance-natural-disasters/wildfires-and-homeowner-insurance", "regulator": "Washington State Office of the Insurance Commissioner (OIC)", "main_site": "https://www.insurance.wa.gov/", "consumer_advocacy_line": "1-800-562-6900" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.insurance.wa.gov/insurance-resources/home-insurance/insurance-natural-disasters/wildfires-and-homeowner-insurance", "source_name": "Washington State Office of the Insurance Commissioner", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Washington OIC's 'Wildfires and homeowner insurance' page explicitly references the Washington FAIR Plan (and its phone number) as the option for homeowners who can't find coverage after a cancellation or non-renewal, the most relevant consumer deep link for this site's purposes. OIC consumer-advocacy line 1-800-562-6900. (Regulator is the Office of the Insurance Commissioner, not a 'Department of Insurance'.)" }, { "field": "statute", "value": "No standalone FAIR Plan statute: the Washington FAIR Plan was created by the Insurance Commissioner under general rulemaking authority (RCW 48.02.060), and the program is set out in regulation as Chapter 284-19 WAC ('Washington essential property insurance inspection and placement program'), establishing an industry placement facility and joint reinsurance association. Established 1968. Participation is mandatory for all insurers authorized to write property insurance in Washington.", "value_json": { "enabling_authority": "RCW 48.02.060 (Insurance Commissioner rulemaking authority)", "program_regulation": "Chapter 284-19 WAC (Washington essential property insurance inspection and placement program)", "established": 1968, "standalone_fair_plan_statute": false }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=284-19&full=true", "source_name": "Chapter 284-19 WAC: Washington essential property insurance inspection and placement program", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Confirmed: Chapter 284-19 WAC establishes the FAIR plan, industry placement facility and joint reinsurance association; statutory authority is RCW 48.02.060; participation is mandatory for property insurers; established 1968 (per the plan's own site). Unlike most states, Washington's FAIR Plan rests on a regulation rather than a dedicated statute." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "The Washington FAIR Plan Association is a not-for-profit industry placement facility / joint reinsurance association whose members are all insurers authorized to write property insurance in Washington; it is governed by a nine-member committee (six insurer representatives, three public members appointed by the Insurance Commissioner) under Chapter 284-19 WAC, and is funded by premiums plus member-insurer participation/assessments, no public funds. It writes basic fire / dwelling-property-type coverage (plus optional extended coverage and vandalism, and builder's risk) up to $1,500,000 per property at one location; no liability, no theft, no most water-related losses, no flood. Washington's distinguishing feature among FAIR Plans is its growing wildfire exposure in the eastern half of the state (Cascades east slope, Chelan/Okanogan, Spokane area), which is rapidly increasing applicant demand from what has historically been a very small plan (~306 policies, FY2024).", "value_json": { "funding": "premium + member-insurer participation/assessments; no public funds", "structure": "industry placement facility / joint reinsurance association; 9-member governing committee (6 insurers, 3 public); members = all WA-authorized property insurers; per Chapter 284-19 WAC", "primary_use": "properties the standard market won't write, increasingly eastern-WA wildfire-zone homes", "distinguishing_feature": "growing wildfire exposure (eastern Washington) driving applicant demand at a historically tiny plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=284-19&full=true", "source_name": "Chapter 284-19 WAC + Washington FAIR Plan Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Governance committee composition (9 members: 6 insurer, 3 public), mandatory participation, $1.5M per-property limit, and the 'essential property insurance' scope confirmed from Chapter 284-19 WAC and the plan's FAQ. The wildfire-demand framing is supported by Washington OIC statements and 2024-2026 reporting." } ] }, { "code": "WI", "name": "Wisconsin", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/wisconsin-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.wisinsplan.com/", "source_name": "Wisconsin Insurance Plan", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Wisconsin's FAIR Plan is the Wisconsin Insurance Plan (WIP). Statutory basis: Wis. Stat. ch. 619 (Wisconsin Insurance Plan). Regulated by the Wisconsin Office of the Commissioner of Insurance (OCI). A not-for-profit property insurance association. Correct URL is wisinsplan.com (not wisplan.com which was unverified)." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "Wisconsin Insurance Plan (WIP)", "value_json": { "name": "Wisconsin Insurance Plan", "abbreviation": "WIP", "common_name": "Wisconsin FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.wisinsplan.com/", "source_name": "Wisconsin Insurance Plan", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Official name confirmed on wisinsplan.com. Commonly referred to as the 'Wisconsin FAIR Plan' in consumer contexts." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.wisinsplan.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.wisinsplan.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.wisinsplan.com/", "source_name": "Wisconsin Insurance Plan", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Confirmed live at wisinsplan.com. NOTE: the previously cited URL wisplan.com was unverified at compile time and may not be the correct official site. Administrator phone: 414-291-5353." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Three product lines (per Wis. Admin. Code § Ins 4.10): (1) Homeowners, a homeowners-type package 'at least equivalent to a modified coverage form (HO-8-type) homeowners policy' for owner-occupied 1–2 family principal residences, which DOES include personal liability ($100,000) and medical payments to others ($1,000); (2) Dwelling, dwelling-fire / extended-coverage property insurance ('coverage provided in the customary fire policy and the customary extended coverage'); (3) Commercial. Perils on the property side: fire or lightning; extended coverage (windstorm or hail, explosion, riot or civil commotion, aircraft, vehicles, smoke); vandalism or malicious mischief; and theft. Settlement on the dwelling/HO-8-type forms is on a repair-cost/actual-cash-value basis rather than full replacement cost. Covers 1–4 family residences (owner- or non-owner-occupied; at least 50% of living units occupied daily), mobile homes on a permanent foundation, vacant/unoccupied residences undergoing active rehabilitation, seasonal dwellings, secondary homes, renters' personal property, and condominium unit-owner personal property. Does not cover flood.", "value_json": { "lines": [ "Homeowners (modified-coverage-form / HO-8-type equivalent; includes $100,000 personal liability and $1,000 medical payments, owner-occupied 1-2 family principal residences)", "Dwelling (customary fire policy + customary extended coverage)", "Commercial" ], "base_perils": [ "fire", "lightning", "windstorm", "hail", "explosion", "riot or civil commotion", "aircraft", "vehicles", "smoke", "vandalism or malicious mischief", "theft" ], "liability_available": "yes, $100,000 personal liability + $1,000 medical payments on the Homeowners line", "settlement_basis": "modified-coverage-form / HO-8-type basis (repair cost / actual cash value), not full replacement cost", "eligible_property_types": [ "1–4 family residences (owner or non-owner occupied, 50%+ occupied daily)", "mobile homes on permanent foundation", "vacant/unoccupied undergoing active rehabilitation", "seasonal/secondary homes", "renters personal property", "condo unit-owner personal property", "commercial" ], "exclusions": [ "flood", "full replacement cost coverage", "manufacturing properties", "farms", "motor vehicles" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/code/admin_code/ins/4/10", "source_name": "Wis. Admin. Code § Ins 4.10 (Wisconsin Insurance Plan) / Wisconsin Insurance Plan", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Three lines (Homeowners, Dwelling, Commercial), perils, and the Homeowners-line $100,000 personal liability / $1,000 med-pay confirmed from Wis. Admin. Code § Ins 4.10 ('coverage at least equivalent to a modified coverage form homeowners policy'; '$100,000 on personal liability and $1,000 medical payments to others for any risk at one location') and corroborated by the plan's own materials and Wisconsin OCI consumer guidance. CORRECTION to earlier draft: the WI plan's Homeowners line is NOT 'no liability / ACV-only basic-named-peril', it is an HO-8-type package WITH limited liability; the dwelling/HO-8 forms settle on a repair-cost/ACV basis (not full replacement cost), which is the relevant coverage gap rather than 'no liability'. Ineligible property types (manufacturing, farms, motor vehicles, properties >$350K market value) confirmed from the plan's materials." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "Habitational risks (Dwelling and Homeowners lines): up to $350,000 on the dwelling/building (with the customary percentage limits for other structures and loss of use) and up to $175,000 on personal property at any one location; on the Homeowners line, personal liability is fixed at $100,000 and medical payments to others at $1,000. Any other eligible (commercial) risk: up to $500,000 combined building + business personal property. Eligibility cap: a dwelling/HO property must have a market value of $350,000 or less (not including lot or other structures), properties above that are not eligible for the Plan. (The $350,000 figure was raised from a prior $200,000 limit by an update to Wis. Admin. Code § Ins 4.10.)", "value_json": { "habitational_dwelling_building_max_usd": 350000, "habitational_personal_property_max_usd": 175000, "homeowners_personal_liability_usd": 100000, "homeowners_medical_payments_usd": 1000, "commercial_combined_max_usd": 500000, "dwelling_homeowners_eligibility_market_value_cap_usd": 350000, "prior_eligibility_cap_usd": 200000, "currency": "USD", "authority": "Wis. Admin. Code § Ins 4.10(4)(b) (basic-limits subsection) and § Ins 4.10(4)(d) (homeowners-equivalent subsection) — the coverage caps; eligibility market-value cap is in WIP's Plan of Operation (not the Admin Code subsection)" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/code/admin_code/ins/4/10", "source_name": "Wis. Admin. Code § Ins 4.10 (Wisconsin Insurance Plan) / Wisconsin Insurance Plan", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Limits confirmed from Wis. Admin. Code § Ins 4.10 ('maximum limits ... $350,000 on the dwelling ... $175,000 on personal property for any habitational risk at one location and $500,000 on any other eligible risk'; Homeowners line '$100,000 on personal liability and $1,000 medical payments to others for any risk at one location') and from the plan's own pages (the $350K dwelling market-value eligibility cap, raised from $200K). The earlier draft listed only the $350K dwelling figure and the $500K commercial figure, the $175K personal-property limit and the $100K/$1K Homeowners liability/med-pay limits are added here. The plan also notes that credit/debit card payment processing fees changed effective October 1, 2025." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "typical", "value_json": { "status": "typical" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.wisinsplan.com/", "source_name": "Wisconsin Insurance Plan", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "The Wisconsin Insurance Plan is less narrow than most FAIR Plans, its Homeowners line is a modified-coverage-form (HO-8-type) package that already includes theft as a named peril and $100,000 personal liability / $1,000 med-pay, but its dollar limits are low ($350,000 dwelling / $175,000 contents) and a higher-value home (or one needing higher liability or true replacement-cost) would need additional/excess coverage placed elsewhere. No formal named DIC/wrap product specifically marketed alongside WIP was identified; 'typical' is soft." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Available to property owners and tenants with an insurable interest in Wisconsin property who have had their coverage canceled or denied in the standard insurance market. Property must meet basic insurability standards. Ineligible property types: motor vehicles, manufacturing properties, farms, vacant properties (not undergoing active rehabilitation), and properties with market value exceeding $350,000 (for dwelling/HO policies). 'Occupied' means the residence has people eating and sleeping in at least 50% of the living units daily. Wisconsin law (Wis. Stat. § 631.36) requires that non-renewal notices for homeowners policies include information about how to apply for Wisconsin Insurance Plan coverage.", "value_json": { "rule": "insurable interest in WI property + coverage canceled or denied in standard market + property meets insurability standards", "ineligible_types": [ "motor vehicles", "manufacturing properties", "farms", "vacant properties not under active rehabilitation", "market value > $350,000 (dwelling/HO)" ], "occupancy_definition": "50%+ of living units occupied daily", "statutory_referral_requirement": "Wis. Stat. § 631.36, non-renewal notices must include WIP referral info" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.wisinsplan.com/faq/", "source_name": "Wisconsin Insurance Plan", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Eligibility conditions from wisinsplan.com FAQ. Statutory referral requirement from Wis. Stat. § 631.36 (confirmed via Wisconsin Legislature and OCI/FindLaw)." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through a licensed Wisconsin insurance producer/agent. The Wisconsin Insurance Plan does not sell directly to consumers. Agents who receive a non-renewal notice must provide WIP contact information to the insured under Wis. Stat. § 631.36. WIP administrator phone: 414-291-5353.", "value_json": { "channel": "licensed WI insurance producer/agent", "direct_to_consumer": false, "admin_phone": "414-291-5353", "website": "https://www.wisinsplan.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.wisinsplan.com/", "source_name": "Wisconsin Insurance Plan", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Agent channel confirmed by Wis. Stat. § 631.36 and WIP site. Phone from III/WIP source." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market for ACV-only, basic-named-peril coverage. A last resort, not a price-competition fallback. Wisconsin Insurance Plan policies do not offer replacement cost coverage, an important cost gap for policyholders with newer or rebuilt homes. As of October 1, 2025, payment processing fees: credit card $6.48, debit card $2.86, checking/savings $2.49.", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, ACV-only coverage", "payment_fees_from_2025_10_01": { "credit_card_usd": 6.48, "debit_card_usd": 2.86, "bank_transfer_usd": 2.49 } }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.wisinsplan.com/blog-post/changes-to-online-payment-fee-structure/", "source_name": "Wisconsin Insurance Plan", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Payment fees confirmed against WIP's dedicated 'changes-to-online-payment-fee-structure' blog post by data-verifier-156 (2026-05-15); credit card $6.48 / debit card $2.86 / checking/savings $2.49 effective 2025-10-01 via ACI Official Payments. Promoted from medium to high confidence; primary-source URL upgraded from the umbrella recent-updates page." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "FAIR Plan habitational policies approximately 5,246 / total exposure approximately $860 million per Insurance Information Institute FY2024 reporting (may reflect a slightly earlier fiscal year). Wis. Admin. Code Ins. 4.10 was updated to raise the eligible property market-value cap to $350,000 (up from the prior $200,000 limit), allowing WIP to serve higher-value properties. As of October 1, 2025, online payment processing fees changed (credit card $6.48, debit $2.86, bank transfer $2.49). Wisconsin faced significant hail and severe convective storm losses in 2023-2024, which drove standard-market rate increases and some underwriting tightening, likely increasing WIP demand in higher-risk areas.", "value_json": { "habitational_policies_fy2024_approx": 5246, "exposure_fy2024_approx_usd": 860276000, "market_value_cap_increase": { "from": 200000, "to": 350000, "authority": "Wis. Admin. Code Ins. 4.10(4)(b) (coverage maximum) + WIP Plan of Operation (eligibility cap; same $350K figure but legally distinct)" }, "payment_fee_change_effective": "2025-10-01", "current_commissioner": { "name": "Nathan Houdek", "title": "Commissioner of Insurance", "confirmed_date": "2022-01", "predecessor": "Mark Afable (Houdek served as Deputy Commissioner under Afable for ~3 years prior; appointed by Gov. Tony Evers; Houdek reappointed January 2023)", "source_url": "https://oci.wi.gov/Pages/AboutOCI/MgmtStaff.aspx", "source_name": "Wisconsin Office of the Commissioner of Insurance" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 0, "label": "0" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 4, "label": "4" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 7, "label": "7" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 6, "label": "6" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 5, "label": "5" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Wisconsin billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/WI", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/insurance-provided-by-fair-plans-by-state-fiscal-year-2024-1", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute (Fact Book, FY2024) / Wisconsin Insurance Plan", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "Per data-verifier-135 (2026-05-15): authority was 'Ins. 4.10(9)(b)' which is the inspection-waiver subsection, not coverage limits; corrected to 4.10(4)(b) (coverage max) + WIP Plan of Operation (eligibility cap; classic L16b subsection collapse). The $350K figure happens to coincide for both but they are legally distinct concepts. Per data-verifier-156 (2026-05-15): the previously-cited $1.7B WI severe-storm-loss-2023 figure could not be confirmed against III press releases, OCI WIR, NOAA NCEI, Swiss Re, or news sources; removed entirely. Storm-loss narrative kept but specific dollar amount dropped. Payment fees re-confirmed against WIP dedicated fee-change blog post. Houdek confirmed_date '2022-01-02' precision-risk softened to '2022-01'. Policy count/exposure from III FY2024 confirmed." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Wisconsin (Wis. Stat. § 631.36): non-renewal of a homeowners or property policy requires at least 60 days' written notice before policy expiration date; if less than 60 days' notice is given, coverage continues until 60 days after notice is delivered. Cancellations become effective no sooner than 10 days after written notice is mailed or delivered. Non-renewal notices for homeowners policies must include information on how to apply for coverage through the Wisconsin Insurance Plan. Wisconsin does not have a standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium.", "value_json": { "statute": "Wis. Stat. § 631.36", "nonrenewal_notice_days": 60, "cancellation_effective_notice_days": 10, "nonrenewal_must_include_wip_referral": true, "post_disaster_moratorium": "none standing" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/631/iii/36?view=section", "source_name": "Wis. Stat. § 631.36 (Wisconsin Legislature)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "60-day non-renewal notice confirmed by Wis. Stat. § 631.36 (Wisconsin Legislature primary docs.legis.wisconsin.gov + OCI PI-024 fact sheet). WIP referral requirement at § 631.36(7)(a). 10-day cancellation from OCI fact sheet. Per data-verifier-Wave-21 L13g sweep (2026-05-16): source_url migrated from FindLaw mirror to Wisconsin Legislature primary per L13g-CRIT/L19." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "Wisconsin has not experienced the wholesale insurer exits seen in CA, FL, or LA. The primary driver of FAIR Plan usage is severe convective storm (hail and wind) exposure in the Fox Valley, Milwaukee, Madison corridor and older urban housing stock that struggles to meet standard underwriting guidelines. No major national carrier announced a full Wisconsin homeowners exit as of early 2026.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": null, "action": "no confirmed full-state WI homeowners exit as of early 2026; rate increases driven by severe convective storm losses (hail/wind); some tightening in older urban housing stock", "date": "2020–2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://oci.wi.gov/Pages/Consumers/Homeowners.aspx", "source_name": "Wisconsin Office of the Commissioner of Insurance", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No specific named-carrier action verified for WI. Needs manual check before naming any carrier." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://oci.wi.gov/Pages/Consumers/Homeowners.aspx", "value_json": { "url": "https://oci.wi.gov/Pages/Consumers/Homeowners.aspx", "regulator": "Wisconsin Office of the Commissioner of Insurance (OCI)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://oci.wi.gov/", "source_name": "Wisconsin Office of the Commissioner of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "OCI is Wisconsin's insurance regulator. Consumer homeowners page confirmed at oci.wi.gov. OCI also publishes PI-015 (Consumer's Guide to Homeowners Insurance) and PI-024 (Insurance Terminations, Denials, and Cancellations), relevant to WIP." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "Wis. Stat. ch. 619 (Wisconsin Insurance Plan statutory authority); Wis. Admin. Code Ins. 4.10 (Wisconsin Insurance Plan operational rules, including eligible property and coverage caps); Wis. Stat. § 631.36 (termination of insurance contracts, cancellation/non-renewal notice requirements).", "value_json": { "fair_plan_statute": "Wis. Stat. ch. 619", "operational_code": "Wis. Admin. Code Ins. 4.10", "cancellation_statute": "Wis. Stat. § 631.36" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/code/admin_code/ins/4/10", "source_name": "Wisconsin Legislature", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-15", "notes": "Ch. 619 from PIPSO/OCI. Ins. 4.10 confirmed via Wisconsin Legislature website (docs.legis.wisconsin.gov). § 631.36 confirmed via FindLaw and Wisconsin Legislature. data-verifier-186 corrected source_url 2026-05-15: was pointing at the inspection-waiver subsection 4.10(9)(b); now points at the Ins. 4.10 chapter root (the dwelling cap is in 4.10(4)(b) basic and 4.10(4)(d) homeowners-equivalent)." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "The Wisconsin Insurance Plan is a not-for-profit property insurance association funded by premiums and assessments on all admitted Wisconsin property insurers (proportional to market share); no government funds support it. It provides basic and affordable property insurance to Wisconsin property owners, renters, and condo unit owners who cannot obtain coverage in the standard market. Wisconsin law (Wis. Stat. § 631.36) requires that homeowners and auto non-renewal notices inform the insured about the Wisconsin Insurance Plan as an alternative. Policies are ACV-only, replacement cost is not available. The WIP is a relatively small plan: ~5,246 habitational policies / ~$860M exposure (FY2024), serving primarily older urban housing stock and some rural/agricultural-adjacent properties.", "value_json": { "structure": "not-for-profit association of admitted WI property insurers; not a state agency", "funding": "premiums + member-insurer assessments; no government funds", "settlement_basis": "ACV only, no replacement cost", "statutory_referral_requirement": "Wis. Stat. § 631.36, non-renewal notices must include WIP referral", "plan_size": "small (~5,246 habitational policies, ~$860M exposure FY2024)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.wisinsplan.com/", "source_name": "Wisconsin Insurance Plan", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Funding structure standard across FAIR Plans; statutory referral from Wis. Stat. § 631.36." } ] }, { "code": "WV", "name": "West Virginia", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/west-virginia-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "yes", "value_json": { "status": "yes", "type": "FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.wvfairplan.com/", "source_name": "West Virginia Essential Property Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "West Virginia's FAIR Plan is the West Virginia Essential Property Insurance Association (commonly called the 'WV FAIR Plan'). Began operation November 1, 1986. Created by West Virginia statute. Administered by a Board of Directors appointed by the Insurance Commissioner. Administrative office in Philadelphia, PA. No government subsidies." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "West Virginia Essential Property Insurance Association (West Virginia FAIR Plan)", "value_json": { "name": "West Virginia Essential Property Insurance Association", "common_name": "West Virginia FAIR Plan" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.wvfairplan.com/", "source_name": "West Virginia Essential Property Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Official name confirmed on wvfairplan.com and WV Insurance Commissioner site. Established November 1986." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "https://www.wvfairplan.com/", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.wvfairplan.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.wvfairplan.com/", "source_name": "West Virginia Essential Property Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Confirmed live. Administrative office: 190 N. Independence Mall West, Suite 301, Philadelphia, PA 19106-1554. Phone: (215) 629-8800. Hours: Mon–Fri 8:00 AM – 4:00 PM EST." }, { "field": "perils_covered", "value": "Habitational (residential) policies: 'fire and extended coverage' per ISO Form DP-0001, covering fire, lightning, explosion, windstorm, hail, smoke, aircraft/vehicles, riot, and volcanic action. Vandalism is excluded for habitational policies. Commercial policies: fire, lightning, explosion, windstorm/hail, smoke, aircraft/vehicles, riot, sinkhole collapse, volcanic action, vandalism (when property is occupied), and sprinkler leakage. For both habitational and commercial: time element and indirect losses are NOT covered. Mandatory coal mine subsidence coverage applies in specified WV mining areas (maximum $200,000 or the fire insurance amount, whichever is less). Personal liability coverage is NOT available through the WV FAIR Plan. Flood is not covered.", "value_json": { "habitational_form": "ISO Form DP-0001 ('fire and extended coverage')", "habitational_perils": [ "fire", "lightning", "explosion", "windstorm", "hail", "smoke", "aircraft", "vehicles", "riot", "volcanic action" ], "habitational_exclusions": [ "vandalism (excluded for habitational)", "time element/indirect loss", "liability", "flood" ], "commercial_perils": [ "fire", "lightning", "explosion", "windstorm/hail", "smoke", "aircraft/vehicles", "riot", "sinkhole collapse", "volcanic action", "vandalism (when occupied)", "sprinkler leakage" ], "commercial_exclusions": [ "vandalism on vacant/unoccupied or builder's risk", "sprinkler leakage on vacant/unoccupied or builder's risk", "time element/indirect loss", "liability", "flood" ], "special_coverage": "coal mine subsidence mandatory in designated mining areas (max $200,000 or fire amount, whichever less)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.wvfairplan.com/Page?pageid=coverage", "source_name": "West Virginia Essential Property Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Perils confirmed on wvfairplan.com/Page?pageid=coverage (coverage page). DP-0001 form and fire+EC basis confirmed. Vandalism excluded for habitational (confirmed). Coal mine subsidence and $200K cap confirmed on same page. Commercial perils include sinkhole and sprinkler leakage (unique to WV given mining geology)." }, { "field": "max_dwelling_coverage", "value": "Private dwellings: up to $200,000. Commercial properties: up to $500,000. Coal mine subsidence: maximum $200,000 (or fire insurance amount, whichever is less).", "value_json": { "habitational_occupied_max": 200000, "commercial_max_per_location": 500000, "overall_max_per_location": 500000, "coal_mine_subsidence_max": 200000, "currency": "USD" }, "unit": "$", "source_url": "https://www.wvinsurance.gov/Consumer_Services_Fair-plan", "source_name": "WV Office of the Insurance Commissioner / FAIR Plan consumer page", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Per data-verifier 73 (Group B, 2026-05-14), the regulator page is authoritative; the prior $150K figure traced to a PC360 secondary source citing older rules. Coal mine subsidence cap of $200K stays as documented on wvfairplan.com (separate fund administered through the FAIR Plan structure)." }, { "field": "wrap_dic_available", "value": "typical", "value_json": { "status": "typical" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.wvinsurance.gov/Consumer_Services_Fair-plan", "source_name": "West Virginia Offices of the Insurance Commissioner", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Because the WV FAIR Plan base habitational policy is fire+EC (no vandalism, no liability, no replacement cost), brokers commonly pair it with a separate liability policy where available. No named DIC/wrap product specifically marketed alongside the WV FAIR Plan was identified. The plan is extremely small (~260 habitational policies)." }, { "field": "eligibility_rule", "value": "Available to property owners with an insurable interest in real or tangible personal property in West Virginia who are unable to secure essential property insurance in the voluntary insurance market. Property must meet basic insurability standards ('reasonable standards'). Agents must first attempt to place coverage in the competitive market before submitting a FAIR Plan application. Applications require completed forms and property photographs. Once accepted, a one-year policy is issued and a property inspection ordered to determine insurability and rates.", "value_json": { "rule": "insurable interest in WV property + unable to secure in voluntary market + meets reasonable insurability standards", "agent_must_try_market_first": true, "application_requirements": [ "completed application forms", "property photographs" ], "post_acceptance": "one-year policy issued; property inspection ordered" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.wvinsurance.gov/Consumer_Services_Fair-plan", "source_name": "West Virginia Offices of the Insurance Commissioner", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Eligibility confirmed on WV Insurance Commissioner FAIR Plan consumer page and wvfairplan.com. Agent-must-try-market-first requirement confirmed on same pages." }, { "field": "how_to_apply", "value": "Through a licensed West Virginia insurance producer/agent. The WV FAIR Plan does not sell directly to consumers. Agent must first attempt placement in the competitive market; if unsuccessful, agent submits completed application forms and property photographs to the WV FAIR Plan. Coverage is bound when the application is accepted and a one-year policy is issued, followed by a property inspection.", "value_json": { "channel": "licensed WV insurance producer/agent", "direct_to_consumer": false, "requirements": [ "agent must try competitive market first", "completed application forms", "property photographs" ], "admin_phone": "(215) 629-8800", "website": "https://www.wvfairplan.com/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.wvinsurance.gov/Consumer_Services_Fair-plan", "source_name": "West Virginia Offices of the Insurance Commissioner", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Application process confirmed on WV Insurance Commissioner FAIR Plan page and wvfairplan.com." }, { "field": "premium_positioning", "value": "Generally more expensive than the standard market for significantly narrower coverage (fire+EC base, no liability, no replacement cost, no vandalism for habitational). A last resort, not a price-competition fallback. West Virginia is one of the smallest FAIR Plans in the US by policy count (~260 habitational policies).", "value_json": { "positioning": "more expensive, much narrower coverage", "plan_size": "very small (~260 habitational policies)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.wvfairplan.com/", "source_name": "West Virginia Essential Property Insurance Association", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "General characterization, not from a specific WV FAIR Plan pricing source. The WV market is otherwise relatively stable." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "West Virginia's FAIR Plan is one of the smallest in the US, III FY2024 reporting shows approximately 260 habitational policies / approximately $30 million exposure. The plan began operation November 1, 1986 and serves primarily older urban properties (parts of Charleston, Huntington, Wheeling) and some flood-prone valley areas where the standard market won't write. The December 2024 edition of the WV FAIR Plan General Rules (available on wvfairplan.com) is the current operative rulebook. No major legislative changes or rate increases were identified at compile time. West Virginia homeowners market is otherwise relatively stable.", "value_json": { "habitational_policies_fy2024_approx": 260, "exposure_fy2024_approx_usd": 30032000, "founded": "1986-11-01", "current_rules_edition": "December 2024", "primary_use_cases": [ "older urban properties (Charleston, Huntington, Wheeling)", "some flood-prone valley areas" ], "current_commissioner": { "name": "Allan L. McVey", "title": "Insurance Commissioner", "confirmed_date": "2021-09-22", "predecessor": "James A. Dodrill (served interim after McVey's first 2017-2019 tenure as Commissioner; McVey returned to the role 2021-09-22 from Cabinet Secretary of WV Dept. of Administration)", "source_url": "https://www.wvinsurance.gov/About-Us_Executive-Staff", "source_name": "West Virginia Offices of the Insurance Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 3, "label": "3" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "West Virginia billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/WV", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/insurance-provided-by-fair-plans-by-state-fiscal-year-2024-1", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute (Fact Book, FY2024) / West Virginia Essential Property Insurance Association", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "Policy count/exposure from III FY2024. Founded date from wvfairplan.com. December 2024 rules edition from wvfairplan.com rules page (table of contents only, contents are PDFs). Main use cases are inferred from WV market context and WV Insurance Commissioner description." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "West Virginia Code ch. 33, art. 17A ('Property Insurance Declination, Termination and Disclosure') governs the area through three distinct sections: (1) W. Va. Code § 33-17A-4 (notice and specific-reasons disclosure): 30 days' written notice of intent not to renew before end of policy period, with a specific-reasons explanation. § 33-17A-4 also embeds a four-year/single-weather-claim protection: a policy in force 4+ years cannot be non-renewed for a single weather-related claim occurring within the prior 36 months. (2) W. Va. Code § 33-17A-4a (alternative non-renewal pathway, effective 2005-07-01): an insurer may non-renew for ANY reason consistent with its underwriting standards (NOT limited to the enumerated grounds) on 30 days' notice, subject to a cap of 1% of the insurer's WV policies per year, with a per-county minimum floor allowing at least one non-renewal per year in any county where the 1% calculation yields fewer than one policy. (3) W. Va. Code § 33-17A-5 ('Permissible cancellations'): mid-term cancellation grounds; after coverage has been in effect more than 60 days, cancellation is limited to enumerated grounds (non-payment, material misrepresentation/fraud, substantial increase in hazard, etc.). West Virginia does NOT have a standing post-disaster non-renewal moratorium.", "value_json": { "notice_statute": "W. Va. Code § 33-17A-4 (notice + four-year weather-claim protection)", "alternative_nonrenewal_statute": "W. Va. Code § 33-17A-4a (any-underwriting-reason pathway; effective 2005-07-01; capped at 1% of WV policies/yr)", "cancellation_statute": "W. Va. Code § 33-17A-5 (permissible cancellations; 60-day in-force protection limits to enumerated grounds)", "nonrenewal_notice_days": 30, "nonrenewal_reason_required": true, "four_year_weather_claim_protection": "policy in force 4+ years cannot be non-renewed for a single weather-related claim within the prior 36 months (§ 33-17A-4(c)(1)); statute enumerates the protected perils as wind, hail, lightning, wildfire, snow, or ice", "alternative_nonrenewal_notice_days": 30, "alternative_nonrenewal_annual_cap_pct": 1, "cancellation_protection_after_days": 60, "post_disaster_moratorium": "none standing" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/33-17A-4/", "source_name": "W. Va. Code § 33-17A-4 (notice) + § 33-17A-4a (alternative pathway, eff. 2005-07-01) + § 33-17A-5 (cancellation): West Virginia Legislature", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-20", "notes": "Per data-verifier-140 (2026-05-15): MATERIAL correction on three counts. (1) The 60-day in-force cancellation protection was attributed to § 33-17A-4 but actually lives in § 33-17A-5 ('Permissible cancellations'); § 33-17A-4 is notice + specific-reasons disclosure. Reader following our cited URL would not have found the 60-day rule. (2) § 33-17A-4a (alternative non-renewal pathway, effective 2005-07-01) was entirely absent. This section lets a WV insurer non-renew for ANY underwriting reason on 30 days' notice, subject to a 1%-of-WV-policies-per-year cap — our prior phrasing overstated consumer protection by implying non-renewal required narrow enumerated grounds. (3) The four-year / single-weather-claim protection embedded in § 33-17A-4 (4+ year policies can't be non-renewed for a single weather claim within 36 months) was not mentioned. Now separated and disclosed cleanly. Classic L16b/Article-17A statute-collapse pattern. Per data-verifier-Wave-21 (2026-05-16) P1: the protected perils enumerated by § 33-17A-4(c)(1) specifically name wind, hail, lightning, wildfire, snow, or ice; wildfire was missing from prior summary. SB 497 (2025, died in committee) and SB 452 (2026, in committee) both attempt to expand the four-year/weather-peril protection to all single claims; neither is law yet." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "West Virginia has not seen wholesale carrier exits or a notable carrier-pullback trend. The FAIR Plan exists mainly for older urban housing stock (parts of Charleston, Huntington, Wheeling) and some flood-prone valley properties where the standard market won't write. WV homeowners market is relatively stable. No major national carrier announced a WV homeowners exit as of early 2026.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": null, "action": "no confirmed major-carrier WV homeowners exit as of early 2026; market relatively stable", "date": "2020–2026" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.wvinsurance.gov/", "source_name": "West Virginia Offices of the Insurance Commissioner", "confidence": "low", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "No specific named-carrier action verified. Market stability inference from WV Insurance Commissioner and WV FAIR Plan's very small size. Needs manual check before naming any carrier." }, { "field": "state_doi_consumer_url", "value": "https://www.wvinsurance.gov/Consumer_Services_Fair-plan", "value_json": { "url": "https://www.wvinsurance.gov/Consumer_Services_Fair-plan", "regulator": "West Virginia Offices of the Insurance Commissioner" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.wvinsurance.gov/", "source_name": "West Virginia Offices of the Insurance Commissioner", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "WV Insurance Commissioner has a dedicated FAIR Plan consumer page with plan overview and link to wvfairplan.com. Confirmed live." }, { "field": "statute", "value": "Enabling statute: W. Va. Code ch. 33, art. 20A, the 'West Virginia Essential Insurance Coverage Act' (W. Va. Code § 33-20A-3 directs the Insurance Commissioner to establish the West Virginia Essential Insurance Association, i.e. the FAIR Plan, as a nonprofit unincorporated entity making fire and extended-coverage insurance available to those equitably entitled to but unable to obtain it in the voluntary market; participation is mandatory for all insurers writing the covered kinds in WV; the association operates under a Plan of Operation adopted by the Commissioner). Originally authorized by Senate Bill 565 (1985 session); modified by Senate Bill 296 (1989 session); plan commenced operating November 1, 1986. (Cancellation/non-renewal of residential property policies is separately governed by W. Va. Code ch. 33, art. 17A.)", "value_json": { "fair_plan_statute": "W. Va. Code ch. 33, art. 20A (West Virginia Essential Insurance Coverage Act; § 33-20A-3 establishes the West Virginia Essential Insurance/Property Insurance Association)", "authorizing_acts": [ "SB 565 (1985)", "SB 296 (1989)" ], "operations_began": "1986-11-01", "cancellation_statute": "W. Va. Code ch. 33, art. 17A (esp. § 33-17A-4)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/33-20A-3/", "source_name": "W. Va. Code § 33-20A-3 (West Virginia essential insurance association): West Virginia Legislature", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Enabling statute confirmed: W. Va. Code § 33-20A (the 'West Virginia Essential Insurance Coverage Act'); § 33-20A-3 directs the Commissioner to establish the West Virginia essential insurance association (the FAIR Plan), mandatory insurer participation, operation under a Plan of Operation. The plan's own site states it was 'authorized by and created pursuant to Senate Bill 565 ... as later modified by S.B. 296 in the 1989 Legislative Session' and commenced operating November 1, 1986. (The older 'specific chapter not confirmed' note is now resolved, it is ch. 33, art. 20A.) Cancellation/non-renewal of residential property policies: W. Va. Code art. 17A (§ 33-17A-4)." }, { "field": "lodging_or_other_notes", "value": "The West Virginia Essential Property Insurance Association is funded by premiums plus assessments on all property insurance companies licensed in West Virginia (proportional to market share); no government funds support it. It is administered by a Board of Directors appointed by the Insurance Commissioner. Administrative operations are handled from Philadelphia, PA (shared administrative infrastructure with several other small FAIR Plans). A unique feature of the WV FAIR Plan is mandatory coal mine subsidence coverage in designated mining areas, relevant given WV's extensive underground mining history. The plan is one of the smallest in the US (~260 habitational policies as of FY2024). The December 2024 General Rules edition is the current operative rulebook; maximum coverage limits should be confirmed from that document.", "value_json": { "funding": "premiums + all-licensed-insurer assessments; no government funds", "governance": "Board of Directors appointed by WV Insurance Commissioner", "admin_office": "190 N. Independence Mall West, Suite 301, Philadelphia, PA 19106", "unique_feature": "mandatory coal mine subsidence coverage in designated mining areas (max $200,000)", "plan_size": "very small (~260 habitational policies, ~$30M exposure FY2024)", "current_rules": "December 2024 General Rules edition (wvfairplan.com/Page?pageid=rules)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.wvfairplan.com/", "source_name": "West Virginia Essential Property Insurance Association", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-11", "notes": "Board appointment, funding structure, and Philadelphia administrative office confirmed on wvfairplan.com. Coal mine subsidence requirement confirmed on coverage page. Policy count from III FY2024." } ] }, { "code": "WY", "name": "Wyoming", "url": "https://stillinsurable.com/wyoming-fair-plan/", "data_points": [ { "field": "plan_exists", "value": "no", "value_json": { "status": "no", "note": "Wyoming has no state FAIR Plan and no state-backed insurer of last resort for homeowners. WY is not a PIPSO (Property Insurance Plans Service Office) member. When admitted carriers decline a property, the residual path in Wyoming is the surplus-lines (non-admitted) market, regulated by the Wyoming Department of Insurance under Wyoming Statutes Title 26 Chapter 11 (Nonadmitted Insurance)." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://pipso.com/members/", "source_name": "Property Insurance Plans Service Office (PIPSO) , Members", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Cross-checked the PIPSO national member roster: Wyoming does not appear among the 36 listed FAIR / Beach / Citizens plans. Corroborated by the Wyoming DOI's January 2026 Commissioner's Corner statement that Wyoming 'enjoys a robust insurance market and there are no longer any non-competitive insurance markets in Wyoming,' which is the structural rationale for not standing up a residual plan." }, { "field": "plan_name", "value": "no plan", "value_json": { "name": null, "note": "No Wyoming FAIR Plan exists. Coverage of last resort is the surplus-lines / non-admitted (E&S) market under Wyoming Statutes Title 26 Chapter 11, brokered through Wyoming-licensed surplus-lines brokers and overseen by the Wyoming Department of Insurance." }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.wyo.gov/licensing/surplus-lines-broker", "source_name": "Wyoming Department of Insurance , Surplus Lines Broker", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Wyoming DOI's surplus-lines broker page is the canonical jumping-off point for residual coverage in WY. A $10,000 surplus-lines bond is required of brokers; transactions are reported and surplus-lines taxes remitted to the Department under Title 26 Chapter 11." }, { "field": "plan_website", "value": "no plan website; the Wyoming Department of Insurance consumer pages at doi.wyo.gov/consumers are the closest equivalent", "value_json": { "url": null, "doi_consumer_page": "https://doi.wyo.gov/consumers", "surplus_lines_broker_page": "https://doi.wyo.gov/licensing/surplus-lines-broker", "surplus_lines_companies_page": "https://doi.wyo.gov/companies/surplus-lines", "consumer_information": "https://doi.wyo.gov/consumers/information" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.wyo.gov/consumers", "source_name": "Wyoming Department of Insurance , Consumers", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "There is no Wyoming FAIR Plan website because there is no Wyoming FAIR Plan. The Wyoming DOI consumer page is where homeowners denied coverage are routed for guidance and complaint filing." }, { "field": "residual_market_structure", "value": "Surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S) market under Wyoming Statutes Title 26 Chapter 11; no FAIR Plan, no JUA, no state-backed insurer of last resort. Wyoming is not a PIPSO member.", "value_json": { "primary_path": "surplus lines (non-admitted / E&S)", "regulator": "Wyoming Department of Insurance", "surplus_lines_statute": "Wyoming Statutes Title 26 Chapter 11 (Nonadmitted Insurance)", "surplus_lines_tax_rate_pct": 3, "surplus_lines_tax_statute": "Wyo. Stat. 26-11-118", "broker_bond_usd": 10000, "no_fair_plan": true, "no_jua": true, "pipso_member": false, "doi_consumer_fallback": "Wyoming DOI Consumer Affairs (307) 777-7402" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title26.pdf", "source_name": "Wyoming Statutes Title 26 (Insurance Code) § 26-11-118 (Wyoming Legislature)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Surplus-lines tax is 3 percent of gross premiums (less return premiums) under Wyo. Stat. 26-11-118, paid quarterly. Brokers must hold an active Wyoming surplus-lines license; non-resident applicants must also hold an active surplus-lines license in their home state. Per data-verifier-Wave-21 L13g sweep (2026-05-16): source_url migrated from law.justia.com mirror (third-party, 403) to wyoleg.gov Title 26 PDF (Wyoming Legislature primary) per L13g-CRIT/L19; section-level deep-links not available on wyoleg.gov." }, { "field": "regulatory_authority", "value": "Wyoming Department of Insurance", "value_json": { "name": "Wyoming Department of Insurance", "abbrev": "Wyoming DOI", "url": "https://doi.wyo.gov/", "address": "106 E 6th Ave, Cheyenne, WY 82002", "main_phone": "(307) 777-7401", "consumer_affairs_phone": "(307) 777-7402", "producer_licensing_phone": "(307) 777-7319", "fax": "(307) 777-2446", "rate_authority_note": "Wyoming is a file-and-use state for personal-lines property/casualty rate filings; carriers file rates and may use them after a regulatory review window" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.wyo.gov/contact-us", "source_name": "Wyoming Department of Insurance , Contact Us", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Address, phone numbers, and fax verified from the Wyoming DOI's own Contact Us page. The Department recovered $1.8M for Wyoming consumers and closed 445 complaints in 2025 (1,436 inquiries handled) per the Commissioner's Corner Q1 2025 report." }, { "field": "commissioner", "value": "Jeffrey P. Rude", "value_json": { "name": "Jeffrey P. Rude", "informal": "Jeff Rude", "title": "Commissioner, Wyoming Department of Insurance", "appointed_by": "Governor Mark Gordon", "appointed_date": "2019-09-19", "current_term_end": "2027-01-04", "education": "B.A. George Mason University; J.D. University of North Dakota; military citation from Air University", "naic_node": "https://content.naic.org/node/8868" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.wyo.gov/news/commissioner-s-corner", "source_name": "Wyoming Department of Insurance , Commissioner's Corner", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Rude was appointed by Governor Mark Gordon on Sept 19, 2019; his current term ends Jan 4, 2027 (Ballotpedia / Wyoming DOI). In Jan 2026 he issued a rescission of past non-competitive-market exemptions, characterizing Wyoming's market as fully competitive. Personally attended a Sheridan community meeting on wildfire concerns and homeowner mitigation." }, { "field": "DOI_contact", "value": "Wyoming DOI Consumer Affairs: (307) 777-7402. Main line: (307) 777-7401. Fax: (307) 777-2446. Address: 106 E 6th Ave, Cheyenne, WY 82002. Complaint filing and consumer information at https://doi.wyo.gov/consumers.", "value_json": { "main_phone": "(307) 777-7401", "consumer_affairs_phone": "(307) 777-7402", "producer_licensing_phone": "(307) 777-7319", "fax": "(307) 777-2446", "address": "106 E 6th Ave, Cheyenne, WY 82002", "consumer_page": "https://doi.wyo.gov/consumers", "consumer_information_page": "https://doi.wyo.gov/consumers/information" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.wyo.gov/contact-us", "source_name": "Wyoming Department of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Phone numbers and address verified on the Wyoming DOI Contact Us page. Consumer Affairs at (307) 777-7402 is the public-facing line for complaints and homeowners-insurance questions." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rules", "value": "Wyoming requires at least 45 days' written notice of nonrenewal of a property/casualty policy under Wyo. Stat. 26-35-203, and the notice must state the precise reason for nonrenewal. Separately, Wyo. Stat. 26-23-107 (Natural Causes Restriction) prohibits a carrier from denying renewal of a homeowner's policy as a result of a single claim within a three-year period arising from natural causes, and prohibits in-term cancellation as a result of any natural-cause claim.", "value_json": { "nonrenewal_notice_days": 45, "professional_malpractice_notice_days": 90, "specific_reason_required": true, "notice_statute": "Wyo. Stat. 26-35-203", "natural_cause_protection_statute": "Wyo. Stat. 26-23-107", "single_claim_protection_window_years": 3, "natural_cause_definition": "an act occasioned exclusively by the violence of nature where all human agency is excluded from creating or contributing to the cause of the damage or injury", "in_term_cancellation_for_natural_cause_claim": "prohibited", "post_disaster_moratorium": "no standing statutory moratorium", "rate_approval_regime": "file-and-use for personal property/casualty" }, "unit": "days", "source_url": "https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title26.pdf", "source_name": "Wyoming Statutes Title 26 (Insurance Code) § 26-35-203 (Wyoming Legislature)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Two separate protections worth knowing together: Wyo. Stat. 26-35-203 sets the 45-day notice + specific-reason requirement that applies to all P&C nonrenewals; Wyo. Stat. 26-23-107 is the much stronger homeowner-specific shield against nonrenewal for a single natural-cause claim. The Commissioner is empowered to order reinstatement (with no lapse) of any policy nonrenewed in violation of 26-23-107. Per data-verifier-Wave-21 L13g sweep (2026-05-16): source_url migrated from law.justia.com mirror (third-party, 403) to wyoleg.gov Title 26 PDF (Wyoming Legislature primary) per L13g-CRIT/L19; section-level deep-links not available on wyoleg.gov." }, { "field": "natural_cause_single_claim_protection", "value": "Wyo. Stat. 26-23-107 prohibits a carrier from denying renewal of a homeowner's policy as the result of a single claim within a three-year period arising from natural causes, and prohibits in-term cancellation as a result of any natural-cause claim. 'Natural cause' means an act occasioned exclusively by the violence of nature where all human agency is excluded.", "value_json": { "statute": "Wyo. Stat. 26-23-107", "title": "Cancellation and Nonrenewal of Homeowner's Insurance Policies for Natural Causes Restricted", "single_claim_window_years": 3, "in_term_cancellation_for_natural_cause_claim": "prohibited (any claim)", "natural_cause_definition": "an act occasioned exclusively by the violence of nature where all human agency is excluded from creating or contributing to the cause of the damage or injury", "enforcement": "Wyoming Insurance Commissioner may order reinstatement with no lapse in coverage for any policy canceled or nonrenewed in violation of this section" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title26.pdf", "source_name": "Wyoming Statutes Title 26 (Insurance Code) § 26-23-107 (Wyoming Legislature)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "This is the strongest statutory tool a Wyoming homeowner has after a wildfire, hailstorm, or wind-event claim. Carriers cannot legally nonrenew based on the single claim alone within the three-year window, and the Commissioner has explicit reinstatement authority. Carriers can still nonrenew citing other reasons (e.g. wildfire-exposure underwriting), which is the loophole the Commissioner publicly acknowledged in October 2024. Per data-verifier-Wave-21 L13g sweep (2026-05-16): source_url migrated from law.justia.com mirror (third-party, 403) to wyoleg.gov Title 26 PDF (Wyoming Legislature primary) per L13g-CRIT/L19; section-level deep-links not available on wyoleg.gov." }, { "field": "rate_approval_regime", "value": "Wyoming is a file-and-use state for personal-lines property/casualty rate filings; carriers file rates with the Wyoming DOI and may use them after the regulatory review window, without requiring prior written approval.", "value_json": { "regime": "file-and-use (personal lines)", "doi_authority": "Wyoming DOI reviews filings; rates must not be excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory; the Commissioner may disapprove a filing post-use", "contrast_ca": "California is prior-approval (Cal. Ins. Code 1861.05); Wyoming's lighter touch is one structural reason carriers retain more pricing flexibility here" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.wyo.gov/companies/pc-forms", "source_name": "Wyoming Department of Insurance , P&C Rate & Forms", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Wyoming DOI's P&C Rate & Forms page is the canonical filing portal; the file-and-use framework is implied by the absence of a prior-approval statute and confirmed by R Street's Insurance Regulation Report Card. Confirm specific filing-window days before publishing prescriptive guidance." }, { "field": "carriers_in_market", "value": "Wyoming's homeowners market is concentrated by national-standard measures but the Wyoming DOI characterizes it as competitive enough not to require any state-mandated residual mechanism. Mountain West Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance (Laramie, WY; founded 1948) writes approximately 11.26 percent of Wyoming's homeowners market in 2024 and is the third-largest homeowners writer in the state. National writers active in WY include State Farm, USAA, Allstate, Farmers, Nationwide, Liberty Mutual, and Chubb.", "value_json": { "mountain_west_fbm_share_2024_pct": 11.26, "mountain_west_fbm_ranking": "third-largest homeowners writer in WY (2024)", "mountain_west_fbm_hq": "Laramie, WY (931 Boulder Dr)", "mountain_west_fbm_founded": 1948, "mountain_west_fbm_ownership_change_2025": "acquired by Idaho Farm Bureau Insurance Holding Company (Sept 2025); continues to operate under Mountain West branding in WY/MT/CO", "national_writers_active": [ "State Farm", "USAA", "Allstate", "Farmers", "Nationwide", "Liberty Mutual", "Chubb" ], "competitive_market_assertion": "Wyoming DOI January 2026 rescission of past non-competitive-market exemptions", "doi_consumer_recoveries_2025_usd": 1800000, "doi_complaints_closed_2025": 445, "doi_inquiries_2025": 1436 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.mwfbi.com/", "source_name": "Mountain West Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company / Insurance Business America / Wyoming DOI", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 11.26 percent market-share figure for Mountain West FBM in 2024 was reported in secondary trade press (Insurance Business America, Idaho Business Review) covering the Idaho Farm Bureau acquisition; the NAIC 2024 Market Share Reports PDF (top 10 by state) is the primary source but was not directly extracted in this pass. Re-verify the exact percentage from NAIC before publishing prescriptive market-share rankings." }, { "field": "carriers_pulled_back", "value": "No public statewide carrier-exit / pause announcement has been issued for Wyoming analogous to State Farm's 2023 California pullback. The pattern is silent property-by-property nonrenewal in wildfire-exposed areas (Story, Sheridan County; Teton County; northeast Wyoming generally) rather than a carrier-named retreat. Commissioner Jeff Rude publicly confirmed in October 2024 that carriers are 'intentionally trying to lessen their risk and get out of certain areas' and that under Wyoming law carriers can nonrenew for any non-protected reason.", "value_json": [ { "carrier": "(unnamed carriers, aggregate)", "action": "silent nonrenewal of homeowners policies in wildfire-exposed WY areas", "areas_named_in_press": [ "Story (Sheridan County)", "Teton County", "northeast Wyoming" ], "date": "2024 (publicly reported)", "anecdotal_severity": "Story banker estimated 50 to 60 percent of his financed homeowners 'are not going to be able to maintain insurance any longer'", "source": "Cowboy State Daily Oct 19 2024" }, { "carrier": "(commissioner statement)", "action": "Commissioner Jeff Rude publicly: 'They can non-renew for whatever reason they want. And we know they're intentionally trying to lessen their risk and get out of certain areas.'", "date": "2024-10-19", "no_legislative_appetite_for_reinsurance_pool": true, "source": "Cowboy State Daily" }, { "carrier": "Mountain West Farm Bureau Mutual", "action": "acquired by Idaho Farm Bureau Insurance Holding Company; continues writing WY under existing brand", "date": "2025-09-30", "source": "Idaho Business Review / Insurance Business America" } ], "unit": null, "source_url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2024/10/19/insurance-companies-rejecting-wyoming-homeowners-in-wildfire-threatened-areas/", "source_name": "Cowboy State Daily / Wyoming Department of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The Cowboy State Daily reporting is the authoritative Wyoming-press account; no individual carrier is named in the public record. The 50-to-60-percent figure is one banker's anecdotal estimate for Story alone, not a verified statewide rate, and is reported as such." }, { "field": "non_renewal_rate_state", "value": "The U.S. Senate Budget Committee's December 2024 staff report ('Next to Fall: The Climate-Driven Insurance Crisis is Here , And Getting Worse') names Wyoming, Rhode Island, and Montana as states 'many don't consider on the front lines of climate change' that are experiencing spiking nonrenewal rates. County-level nonrenewal data for 2018-2023 (drawn from 23 carriers representing about 65 percent of the homeowners market) is published in the report's appendix; per-county WY rates for Teton and Sublette are in that dataset but were not directly extracted in this research pass.", "value_json": { "narrative_status": "spiking; Wyoming explicitly named alongside RI and MT as a non-traditional climate-risk state with rising nonrenewals", "data_window": "2018-2023", "data_source": "U.S. Senate Budget Committee, December 2024 staff report + county-level dataset", "carriers_in_dataset": 23, "market_share_in_dataset_pct": 65, "wy_state_level_pct": null, "wy_teton_county_pct": null, "wy_sublette_county_pct": null, "rescan_action": "extract WY county-level nonrenewal rates from the Senate Budget Committee dataset before publishing" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://www.budget.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/next_to_fall_the_climate-driven_insurance_crisis_is_here__and_getting_worse.pdf", "source_name": "U.S. Senate Budget Committee, 'Next to Fall' (December 2024)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-20", "notes": "The narrative claim that WY is a spiking-nonrenewal state is solidly sourced to the Senate Budget Committee report. The specific WY-state and WY-county-level percentages are in the underlying dataset; this row carries needs_rescan = true so the exact numbers are extracted before publication." }, { "field": "guaranty_fund", "value": "Wyoming Insurance Guaranty Association (WYGA) covers claims against insolvent admitted property/casualty insurers under Wyoming Statutes Title 26 Chapter 31 (Wyoming Insurance Guaranty Association Act). WYGA does not cover surplus-lines / non-admitted carriers. The Association applies to all kinds of direct insurance except life, title, surety, disability, credit, mortgage guaranty, and ocean marine.", "value_json": { "fund_name": "Wyoming Insurance Guaranty Association", "abbrev": "WYGA", "statute": "Wyoming Statutes Title 26 Chapter 31 (Wyoming Insurance Guaranty Association Act)", "url": "https://www.wyiga.org/", "covers": "admitted (licensed) property & casualty insurers", "does_not_cover": "surplus-lines / non-admitted (E&S) insurers; life, title, surety, disability, credit, mortgage guaranty, ocean marine, health", "claimant_must_exhaust_other_recoveries": true }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://wyoleg.gov/NXT/gateway.dll/2025%20Wyoming%20Statutes/2025%20Titles/1435/1521", "source_name": "Wyoming Statutes Title 26 Chapter 31 - Wyoming Insurance Guaranty Association Act (Wyoming Legislature, NXT Statute Viewer, 2025)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "Critical consumer-protection caveat: a Wyoming homeowner forced into the surplus-lines market by a nonrenewal loses WYGA backstop. The Title 26 Chapter 31 framework requires claimants to first exhaust rights under the policy, with WYGA payments reduced by amounts recovered from other sources. Per-claim dollar caps are statutorily set; the WYGA website is the authoritative source for current limit figures. Per data-verifier-Wave-21 L13g sweep (2026-05-16): source_url migrated from law.justia.com mirror (third-party, 403) to wyoleg.gov Title 26 PDF (Wyoming Legislature primary) per L13g-CRIT/L19; section-level deep-links not available on wyoleg.gov." }, { "field": "premium_baseline", "value": "Wyoming's most recent primary benchmark is a statewide average homeowners premium of $1,596 in 2022 per NAIC data (sourced via III Facts + Statistics; Wyoming ranked 20th nationally that year, near parity with the U.S. average of $1,569). Secondary aggregators using carrier rate-quote data place the 2025-2026 statewide figure in the $1,830 to $1,885 range, reflecting cumulative rate increases since 2022. Carrier-level averages from aggregator data (May 2026): Nationwide approximately $1,167 (lowest tracked), USAA approximately $1,436, State Farm approximately $1,717, Farmers approximately $2,284, Allstate approximately $2,822 (highest tracked). No primary Wyoming DOI homeowners market data-call publication is available on doi.wyo.gov; the NAIC 2022 figure is the most recent primary benchmark. Premiums are materially higher in wildfire-exposed counties (Teton, Sublette, Park, Sheridan) than in the Cheyenne/Casper population centers.", "value_json": { "naic_2022_wy_avg_annual_usd": 1596, "naic_2022_us_avg_annual_usd": 1569, "naic_2022_wy_rank_nationally": 20, "naic_2022_source": "III Facts + Statistics: Homeowners and Renters Insurance (citing NAIC data)", "aggregator_2025_2026_range_low_usd": 1830, "aggregator_2025_2026_statewide_mid_usd": 1885, "aggregator_carrier_averages_may_2026": { "nationwide_usd": 1167, "usaa_usd": 1436, "state_farm_usd": 1717, "farmers_usd": 2284, "allstate_usd": 2822 }, "aggregator_data_updated": "2026-05-27", "aggregator_note": "Carrier-level figures are from secondary aggregator sources; treat as directional. Allstate figure updated from prior $2,010 to $2,822 per May 2026 aggregator data.", "primary_data_gap": "No Wyoming DOI homeowners market data-call publication is posted on doi.wyo.gov; NAIC 2022 is the most recent primary benchmark.", "county_level_note": "Concentrated premium escalation in wildfire-exposed counties (Teton, Sublette, Park, Sheridan) vs. stable Cheyenne/Casper markets." }, "unit": "USD", "source_url": "https://www.iii.org/fact-statistic/facts-statistics-homeowners-and-renters-insurance", "source_name": "Insurance Information Institute (III) / NAIC 2022 Homeowners Insurance Data; carrier-level figures from secondary aggregators (directional only)", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-06-18", "notes": "All three figures are secondary aggregators drawing from carrier-filed rates. No primary Wyoming DOI homeowners-market data call publication is currently posted on doi.wyo.gov analogous to the NHID or AZ DIFI annual reports; this is a real gap. The county-level premium gap between Cheyenne/Casper and Teton/Sheridan is the more important story than the statewide average." }, { "field": "wildfire_exposure", "value": "Wyoming has one of the highest per-capita wildland-urban-interface exposures in the U.S. despite a small population. Per Headwaters Economics, 5 percent of WY's at-risk areas are developed with about 5,900 homes (43 percent of which are second homes); the 10 WY counties with the most potential for further at-risk development are Crook, Carbon, Teton, Converse, Albany, Weston, Uinta, Johnson, Park, and Fremont. In Teton County specifically, Headwaters found 42 square miles of WUI, 2,948 homes in the risk area (23 percent of all domiciles in the community), and 30 percent (888) of those are second homes. A Teton County wildfire-risk assessment of 725 private residential properties found 89 percent at high, very high, or extreme risk.", "value_json": { "headwaters_wy_at_risk_developed_pct": 5, "headwaters_wy_at_risk_homes": 5900, "headwaters_wy_at_risk_second_home_share_pct": 43, "headwaters_wy_top_10_at_risk_counties_in_order": [ "Crook", "Carbon", "Teton", "Converse", "Albany", "Weston", "Uinta", "Johnson", "Park", "Fremont" ], "teton_county_wui_sq_mi": 42, "teton_county_homes_in_risk_area": 2948, "teton_county_homes_in_risk_area_share_pct": 23, "teton_county_second_homes_in_risk_area": 888, "teton_county_assessment_high_or_greater_risk_pct": 89, "teton_county_assessment_n": 725, "teton_county_wooden_roofs": 4300 }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://headwaterseconomics.org/natural-hazards/wildfire/homes-risk/wui-problem-trends-solutions/", "source_name": "Headwaters Economics , Wildland-Urban Interface research / Wyoming Public Media", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Wyoming is not among Cotality's 14 Western-states focus in its 2025 Wildfire Risk Report (which covers ~2.6M homes at moderate-or-greater risk across CA, CO, TX, OR, AZ, and 9 others), but its per-capita WUI exposure is in the top tier of the U.S. The combination of second-home concentration, dispersed mountain-town development, and wooden-roof prevalence makes WY a structurally hard insurance market in the fire-prone counties even with a small absolute home count." }, { "field": "wildfire_history_2024", "value": "The 2024 Wyoming wildfire season was the state's second-largest on record, behind only the infamous 1988 Yellowstone season. The House Draw, Flat Rock, Remington, and Constitution fires collectively burned over 448,000 acres in northern Wyoming (much in non-forested grassland and sagebrush-steppe). The Remington Fire (which crossed into Montana) burned 184,127 acres; the House Draw Fire charred about 175,000 acres. By late August 2024 Wyoming had passed 810,000 cumulative acres burned for the year.", "value_json": { "season_ranking": "second-largest WY wildfire season on record (after 1988 Yellowstone)", "key_fires_2024": [ { "name": "House Draw Fire", "acres": 175000, "location": "northern WY" }, { "name": "Remington Fire", "acres": 184127, "location": "northern WY / crossed into MT" }, { "name": "Flat Rock Fire", "acres": null, "location": "northern WY" }, { "name": "Constitution Fire", "acres": null, "location": "northern WY" } ], "four_fire_aggregate_acres": 448000, "wy_total_acres_burned_2024_late_aug": 810000, "primary_landscape": "grassland and sagebrush-steppe (non-forested)", "structures_destroyed_aggregate": null }, "unit": "acres", "source_url": "https://wyofile.com/wyomings-massive-2024-wildfire-season-second-only-to-infamous-88/", "source_name": "WyoFile / InciWeb / Cowboy State Daily", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Structure-destruction counts for individual 2024 WY fires were not located in primary press during this pass; most of the 2024 acreage burned in low-density rangeland rather than WUI. The 2024 season nonetheless drove the carrier-nonrenewal narrative that Commissioner Rude publicly acknowledged that October." }, { "field": "mitigation_credits", "value": "Wyoming does not statutorily mandate that carriers credit defensible space, Class-A roofing, or home-hardening on homeowners policies. Mitigation discounts are carrier-specific and voluntary. The IBHS Wildfire Prepared Home designation program was expanded to Wyoming in April 2026 (alongside AZ, CO, FL, ID, MT, OK, TX, UT, WA); insurance discounts are not guaranteed and vary by insurer. Wyoming is engaged with insurers on WUI building codes and mitigation grant funding but is not among states that mandate insurer wildfire mitigation discounts.", "value_json": { "mandate": "none", "voluntary_credits_available_from": [ "varies by carrier" ], "ibhs_wildfire_prepared_home_available": true, "ibhs_expansion_date": "2026-04", "ibhs_program_url": "https://wildfireprepared.org/", "ibhs_levels": [ "Base", "Plus" ], "ibhs_evaluation_fee_usd": 125, "contrast_ca": "California requires recognition of community-mitigation efforts under Safer From Wildfires regulation (10 CCR 2644.9)", "contrast_mt": "Montana has issued DOI guidance on wildfire-mitigation transparency", "wy_jh_fire_iso_class_change_2025": "Jackson Hole Fire/EMS ISO audit improved from Class 5 to Class 4 in May 2025, potentially lowering insurance costs for Town of Jackson residents" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://ibhs.org/ibhs-news-releases/ibhs-expands-wildfire-prepared-program-to-10-addtional-states/", "source_name": "Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety (IBHS) / Buckrail", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The IBHS Wildfire Prepared Home program is now the most credible single mitigation pathway for Wyoming homeowners seeking carrier recognition, but carrier-by-carrier discount recognition is not guaranteed and not mandated. The Jackson Hole ISO Class 4 improvement is a separate community-wide rating that can reduce premiums for Town-of-Jackson policyholders." }, { "field": "recent_legislation", "value": "Wyoming's 2025 General Session signed three insurance-related bills effective July 1, 2025: SEA No. 0064 (Insurance Holding Company Regulations), SEA No. 0065 (Insurance Amendments), and HEA No. 0012 (Provider Enrollment Standards). Separately, Senate File 152 (Wildfire management amendments) designated roughly $49M in grants for restoring grasses and habitats and preventing invasive vegetation, restoring funds depleted in the 2024 fire season, and authorized the governor to borrow up to $30M from the state's rainy-day fund for wildfire suppression. Wyoming has introduced no FAIR-Plan-style residual-mechanism legislation.", "value_json": { "session": "2025 General Session", "insurance_bills_signed_effective_2025_07_01": [ { "bill": "SEA 0064", "title": "Insurance Holding Company Regulations" }, { "bill": "SEA 0065", "title": "Insurance Amendments" }, { "bill": "HEA 0012", "title": "Provider Enrollment Standards" } ], "wildfire_bill": { "name": "Senate File 152 , Wildfire management amendments", "habitat_grant_usd": 49000000, "rainy_day_borrow_authorization_usd": 30000000, "purpose": "restore grasses/habitats, prevent invasive vegetation, restore 2024-depleted funds, authorize wildfire-suppression borrowing" }, "fair_plan_legislation": "none introduced", "reinsurance_pool_legislation": "none introduced; Commissioner Rude publicly stated no legislative appetite (Oct 2024)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.wyo.gov/news/commissioner-s-corner", "source_name": "Wyoming Department of Insurance , Commissioner's Corner Q1 2025", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The wildfire-management bill is the more consequential 2025 action for property-insurance availability in WY, but its mechanism is upstream (habitat / suppression funding) rather than directly addressing homeowner coverage availability. SF 152's exact dollar figure was reported in trade press; cross-check the engrossed bill text before publishing prescriptive numbers." }, { "field": "surplus_lines_role", "value": "Surplus lines is the de-facto residual coverage path in Wyoming for homeowners that admitted carriers decline. Regulated by the Wyoming DOI under Wyoming Statutes Title 26 Chapter 11 (Nonadmitted Insurance). Surplus-lines brokers must hold a $10,000 surplus-lines bond, report transactions to the Department, and remit a 3 percent premium tax under Wyo. Stat. 26-11-118. Non-resident brokers must hold an active surplus-lines license in their resident state.", "value_json": { "regulator": "Wyoming Department of Insurance", "statute": "Wyoming Statutes Title 26 Chapter 11 (Nonadmitted Insurance)", "tax_statute": "Wyo. Stat. 26-11-118", "tax_rate_pct": 3, "tax_basis": "gross premiums charged less return premiums", "tax_payment_frequency": "quarterly", "broker_bond_usd": 10000, "non_resident_requirement": "active surplus-lines license in resident state", "guaranty_fund_note": "Surplus-lines policies are NOT backed by the Wyoming Insurance Guaranty Association (WYGA, Title 26 Chapter 31)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.wyo.gov/licensing/surplus-lines-broker", "source_name": "Wyoming Department of Insurance / Wyoming Statutes Title 26 Chapter 11", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Wyoming does not publish a per-year surplus-lines premium-volume report comparable to AZ's surplus-lines history; the WSIA national figures (~13 percent YoY growth mid-2025) are a directional proxy but not WY-specific." }, { "field": "consumer_guidance", "value": "If admitted carriers decline you in Wyoming, your options are: (1) shop with an independent agent , Mountain West Farm Bureau, State Farm, USAA, Allstate, Farmers, Nationwide, Liberty Mutual, and Chubb are all active in the state; (2) work with a Wyoming-licensed surplus-lines broker to place coverage with a non-admitted (E&S) insurer, recognizing the policy will not be backed by the Wyoming Insurance Guaranty Association (WYGA); (3) pursue mitigation that may unlock carrier appetite , IBHS Wildfire Prepared Home designation became available in WY in April 2026; (4) file a complaint with Wyoming DOI Consumer Affairs at (307) 777-7402 if you believe a nonrenewal violated Wyo. Stat. 26-23-107 (single natural-cause claim within 3 years) or Wyo. Stat. 26-35-203 (45-day notice + specific reason).", "value_json": { "options": [ "shop with independent agent across major WY writers", "surplus lines via licensed WY broker (no WYGA backing)", "pursue IBHS Wildfire Prepared Home designation (available in WY since April 2026)", "complaint to Wyoming DOI Consumer Affairs (307) 777-7402 if Wyo. Stat. 26-23-107 or 26-35-203 violated" ], "no_fair_plan_fallback": true, "key_statutes": [ "Wyo. Stat. 26-23-107", "Wyo. Stat. 26-35-203", "Wyo. Stat. 26-11-118", "Title 26 Chapter 31" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.wyo.gov/consumers", "source_name": "Wyoming Department of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The 'no WYGA backing' caveat is the most important consumer-protection trade-off when a Wyoming homeowner is pushed into the surplus-lines market. The natural-cause single-claim protection at Wyo. Stat. 26-23-107 is the strongest statutory tool a WY homeowner has against a post-claim nonrenewal." }, { "field": "key_statutes", "value": "Core Wyoming homeowners-insurance statutes: Wyo. Stat. 26-23-107 (cancellation and nonrenewal of homeowners insurance for natural causes restricted , no nonrenewal for a single natural-cause claim within 3 years; no in-term cancellation for any natural-cause claim); Wyo. Stat. 26-35-203 (nonrenewal notice , 45-day written notice with specific reason for property/casualty policies; 90 days for professional malpractice); Wyo. Stat. 26-35-101 (manner of providing notice); Title 26 Chapter 11 (Nonadmitted Insurance / surplus lines); Wyo. Stat. 26-11-118 (3 percent surplus-lines premium tax); Title 26 Chapter 31 (Wyoming Insurance Guaranty Association Act , covers admitted P&C only).", "value_json": { "wyo_stat_26_23_107": "no nonrenewal of a homeowners policy as a result of a single claim within a 3-year period arising from natural causes; no in-term cancellation as a result of any natural-cause claim", "wyo_stat_26_35_203": "45-day nonrenewal notice for P&C policies (90 days for professional health care malpractice); must state precise reason", "wyo_stat_26_35_101": "manner of providing notice", "title_26_chapter_11": "Nonadmitted Insurance (surplus lines); broker licensing, eligibility, and oversight", "wyo_stat_26_11_118": "3 percent surplus-lines premium tax on gross premiums (less return premiums); paid quarterly", "title_26_chapter_31": "Wyoming Insurance Guaranty Association Act; covers admitted P&C only; excludes life, title, surety, disability, credit, mortgage guaranty, ocean marine" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title26.pdf", "source_name": "Wyoming Statutes Title 26 (Insurance Code) (Wyoming Legislature)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "These statutes are the foundation for every consumer-rights conversation in Wyoming homeowners insurance. Cite the specific section number when telling a homeowner what their carrier owes them. The natural-causes protection at 26-23-107 is unusually strong for a state without a FAIR Plan; it does not, however, prevent a carrier from nonrenewing for non-natural-cause reasons (claim history, age of property, wildfire-exposure underwriting). Per data-verifier-Wave-21 L13g sweep (2026-05-16): source_url migrated from law.justia.com mirror (third-party, 403) to wyoleg.gov Title 26 PDF (Wyoming Legislature primary) per L13g-CRIT/L19; section-level deep-links not available on wyoleg.gov." }, { "field": "post_disaster_protection", "value": "Wyoming does not have a standing post-disaster nonrenewal moratorium analogous to California's Cal. Ins. Code 675.1. Wyo. Stat. 26-23-107 provides a narrower but powerful protection: no nonrenewal based on a single natural-cause claim within a 3-year period, and no in-term cancellation for any natural-cause claim. The Wyoming Commissioner can order reinstatement (with no lapse in coverage) when a carrier violates 26-23-107, but does not have CA-style emergency authority to suspend all nonrenewals across declared-disaster ZIP codes.", "value_json": { "standing_moratorium": false, "moratorium_authority": "none statutory", "natural_cause_single_claim_protection": "Wyo. Stat. 26-23-107 (3-year window)", "natural_cause_in_term_cancellation_prohibition": "Wyo. Stat. 26-23-107 (any claim)", "commissioner_reinstatement_authority": "yes, for violations of 26-23-107", "contrast_ca": "California Cal. Ins. Code 675.1 (1-year nonrenewal moratorium in declared-wildfire ZIP codes)" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title26.pdf", "source_name": "Wyoming Statutes Title 26 (Insurance Code) § 26-23-107 (Wyoming Legislature)", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-16", "notes": "26-23-107 functions as a per-policyholder protection rather than a geographic one. A WY homeowner who has filed exactly one natural-cause claim in the previous 3 years has a strong statutory bar against nonrenewal; the protection weakens once a second claim is filed or once the carrier cites a non-claim reason (e.g. wildfire-exposure underwriting independent of any claim). Per data-verifier-Wave-21 L13g sweep (2026-05-16): source_url migrated from law.justia.com mirror (third-party, 403) to wyoleg.gov Title 26 PDF (Wyoming Legislature primary) per L13g-CRIT/L19; section-level deep-links not available on wyoleg.gov." }, { "field": "market_outlook_2026", "value": "Wyoming's homeowners market is structurally bifurcated: low-WUI counties (Laramie, Natrona, Albany population centers) remain competitive and stable; high-WUI counties (Teton, Sheridan, Park, Sublette, Crook, Carbon) are seeing carrier-by-carrier silent pullback even though no statewide exit has been announced. Commissioner Rude's January 2026 rescission of past non-competitive-market exemptions is a statewide-aggregate statement; the per-county reality in fire-exposed areas is materially worse. Forward risks: another 2024-magnitude fire season, reinsurance pressure flowing through admitted carriers, and the absence of any FAIR-Plan-style backstop if more carriers pull back.", "value_json": { "doi_market_characterization_2026": "robust; no non-competitive markets statewide (January 2026 rescission)", "reality_in_high_wui_counties": "silent carrier-by-carrier nonrenewal; no named statewide exits; no FAIR-Plan backstop", "high_wui_counties_to_watch": [ "Teton", "Sheridan", "Park", "Sublette", "Crook", "Carbon", "Albany (WUI portions)" ], "forward_risks": [ "another 2024-magnitude wildfire season", "reinsurance pressure flowing through to admitted carriers", "Mountain West FBM integration into Idaho Farm Bureau (Sept 2025) , underwriting-appetite changes possible", "absence of FAIR Plan backstop if carrier exits accelerate", "no current legislative appetite for a reinsurance pool (Commissioner Rude, Oct 2024)" ], "monitoring_signals": [ "IBHS Wildfire Prepared Home uptake in WY (expanded April 2026)", "Senate Budget Committee follow-up data (WY county-level nonrenewal rates)", "Wyoming DOI annual complaint volumes by line and county" ] }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.wyo.gov/news/commissioner-s-corner", "source_name": "Wyoming Department of Insurance / U.S. Senate Budget Committee / Cowboy State Daily", "confidence": "medium", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "The structural-bifurcation framing is editorial synthesis grounded in the primary sources cited; treat individual forward-risk items as medium confidence. The single most important monitoring signal for WY is whether any major national writer (State Farm, Allstate, Farmers) announces a statewide pause or exit, which would force the legislative conversation Commissioner Rude has so far publicly resisted." }, { "field": "industry_data_sources", "value": "Authoritative Wyoming-specific datasets for tracking homeowners-insurance availability and pricing: (1) Wyoming Department of Insurance Commissioner's Corner (quarterly updates); (2) Wyoming Department of Insurance complaint and recovery statistics (e.g. 2025: $1.8M recovered, 445 complaints closed, 1,436 inquiries); (3) U.S. Senate Budget Committee 'Next to Fall' report (December 2024) and county-level nonrenewal dataset 2018-2023; (4) Headwaters Economics WUI development research; (5) NAIC 2024 Market Share Reports (top-10 by state); (6) WyoFile / Cowboy State Daily for in-state wildfire and insurance reporting; (7) InciWeb for individual fire incidents.", "value_json": { "wyoming_doi_commissioners_corner": "https://doi.wyo.gov/news/commissioner-s-corner", "wyoming_doi_consumer_information": "https://doi.wyo.gov/consumers/information", "senate_budget_committee_2024": { "url": "https://www.budget.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/next_to_fall_the_climate-driven_insurance_crisis_is_here__and_getting_worse.pdf", "level": "county", "years": "2018-2023", "carriers_in_dataset": 23, "market_share_in_dataset_pct": 65 }, "headwaters_economics": { "url": "https://headwaterseconomics.org/natural-hazards/wildfire/homes-risk/wui-problem-trends-solutions/", "scope": "Western WUI development and homes-at-risk" }, "naic_market_share_2024": "https://content.naic.org/sites/default/files/publication-msr-pb-property-casualty.pdf", "wyofile": "https://wyofile.com/", "cowboy_state_daily_insurance_coverage": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2024/10/19/insurance-companies-rejecting-wyoming-homeowners-in-wildfire-threatened-areas/", "inciweb": "https://inciweb.wildfire.gov/" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.wyo.gov/", "source_name": "Wyoming Department of Insurance", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-14", "notes": "Wyoming DOI does not publish a homeowners-market data call report analogous to NHID's annual July release; this is the largest open data gap for Wyoming. The Senate Budget Committee county-level dataset is the closest available substitute for per-county nonrenewal-rate transparency." }, { "field": "recent_changes", "value": "August 2024: Wyoming's second-largest wildfire season on record (House Draw 175K acres; Remington 184K acres; 4-fire aggregate 448K acres; total season ~810K acres by late August). October 19, 2024: Commissioner Jeff Rude publicly acknowledges carrier silent pullback in wildfire-exposed areas (Story, Teton County) and says no legislative appetite for a reinsurance pool. December 2024: U.S. Senate Budget Committee 'Next to Fall' report names WY (with RI and MT) as a non-traditional climate-risk state with spiking nonrenewals. May 2025: Jackson Hole Fire/EMS ISO rating improves from Class 5 to Class 4. July 1, 2025: SEA 0064, SEA 0065, HEA 0012 take effect (insurance amendments + holding-company regs). 2025: Senate File 152 (Wildfire management amendments) authorizes ~$49M in habitat grants and $30M rainy-day-fund borrowing for suppression. September 30, 2025: Idaho Farm Bureau Insurance Holding Company acquires Mountain West Farm Bureau Mutual; WY operations continue under existing brand. January 22, 2026: Commissioner Rude issues rescission of all past non-competitive-market exemptions. April 2026: IBHS expands Wildfire Prepared Home program to Wyoming (and 9 other states).", "value_json": { "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08", "event": "WY's second-largest wildfire season on record begins; House Draw, Remington, Flat Rock, Constitution fires" }, { "date": "2024-10-19", "event": "Commissioner Rude publicly acknowledges carrier silent pullback in WUI areas; no reinsurance-pool appetite" }, { "date": "2024-12", "event": "U.S. Senate Budget Committee 'Next to Fall' report names WY as a spiking-nonrenewal state" }, { "date": "2025-05", "event": "Jackson Hole Fire/EMS ISO rating improves Class 5 to Class 4" }, { "date": "2025-07-01", "event": "SEA 0064, SEA 0065, HEA 0012 effective" }, { "date": "2025", "event": "Senate File 152 (Wildfire management amendments): $49M habitat grants, $30M rainy-day-fund borrow authority" }, { "date": "2025-09-30", "event": "Idaho Farm Bureau Insurance Holding Company acquires Mountain West Farm Bureau Mutual" }, { "date": "2026-01-22", "event": "Commissioner Rude rescinds past non-competitive-market exemptions" }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "IBHS expands Wildfire Prepared Home program to Wyoming (Base + Plus designations)" } ], "current_commissioner": { "name": "Jeffrey P. Rude", "title": "Insurance Commissioner", "confirmed_date": "2019-09-19", "predecessor": "Tom Glause (resigned May 2019; Rude served as interim then was formally appointed by Gov. Mark Gordon)", "source_url": "https://doi.wyo.gov/contact-us", "source_name": "Wyoming Department of Insurance - Commissioner" }, "chartable_series": [ { "year": 2014, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2015, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2016, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2017, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2018, "value": 3, "label": "3" }, { "year": 2019, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2020, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2021, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2022, "value": 1, "label": "1" }, { "year": 2023, "value": 2, "label": "2" }, { "year": 2024, "value": 1, "label": "1" } ], "chartable_unit": "events per year", "chartable_caption": "Wyoming billion-dollar weather and climate disasters per year, 2014-2024 (NOAA NCEI)", "chartable_source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/state-summary/WY", "chartable_source_name": "NOAA NCEI Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" }, "unit": null, "source_url": "https://doi.wyo.gov/news/commissioner-s-corner", "source_name": "Wyoming Department of Insurance / WyoFile / Cowboy State Daily / IBHS / U.S. Senate Budget Committee", "confidence": "high", "verified_at": "2026-05-27", "notes": "Keep this field current. The next major signals to watch are the post-2024-season carrier loss-ratio impact (visible in 2025-2026 NAIC market data) and whether any major national writer announces a statewide Wyoming pause or exit, which would force the FAIR-Plan / reinsurance-pool conversation Commissioner Rude has so far publicly resisted." } ] } ], "states_without_fair_plan": [ { "code": "AK", "name": "Alaska", "has_plan": false, "substitute": null, "reason": "No FAIR Plan and no residual-market property mechanism; small, stable market, homeowners use the private/E&S market. Verify before publishing.", "confidence": "low", "source_url": "https://content.naic.org/insurance-topics/fair-access-to-insurance-requirements-plans", "source_name": "NAIC", "notes": "Not on the III FAIR-Plan-by-state table or the PIPSO member list." }, { "code": "AZ", "name": "Arizona", "has_plan": false, "substitute": null, "reason": "No state FAIR Plan; Arizona homeowners (including in wildfire-prone areas like Rim Country / the White Mountains / parts of the Tucson and Flagstaff WUI) must use the private and surplus-lines markets. Wildfire-related non-renewals are a growing issue and a FAIR Plan has been discussed but not created as of early 2026.", "confidence": "medium", "source_url": "https://content.naic.org/insurance-topics/fair-access-to-insurance-requirements-plans", "source_name": "NAIC / Insurance Information Institute", "notes": "Watch this one, Arizona is a candidate for a future FAIR Plan if wildfire pressure worsens. Not on the III FAIR-Plan table or PIPSO list." }, { "code": "CO", "name": "Colorado", "has_plan": true, "substitute": null, "reason": "DOES have a FAIR Plan (Colorado FAIR Plan Association), legislated 2023, began accepting applications April 10, 2025. Listed here only to clarify it is NO LONGER a 'no plan' state. See data/states/co.json.", "confidence": "high", "source_url": "https://www.coloradofairplan.com/", "source_name": "Colorado FAIR Plan Association", "notes": "Included so the 'no plan' list is not mistaken for excluding Colorado on out-of-date grounds." }, { "code": "ID", "name": "Idaho", "has_plan": false, "substitute": null, "reason": "No FAIR Plan and no residual-market property mechanism; homeowners use the private/E&S market. Wildfire exposure exists but no last-resort plan as of early 2026. Verify before publishing.", "confidence": "low", "source_url": "https://content.naic.org/insurance-topics/fair-access-to-insurance-requirements-plans", "source_name": "NAIC", "notes": "Not on the III FAIR-Plan table or PIPSO list." }, { "code": "ME", "name": "Maine", "has_plan": false, "substitute": "Statutory authority exists to create a residual-market arrangement (Title 24-A) if a coverage becomes unavailable/unaffordable, but no FAIR Plan has been activated.", "confidence": "medium", "reason": "No active FAIR Plan; the Maine Bureau of Insurance has the statutory means to create one but hasn't. Coastal-Maine availability pressure is rising.", "source_url": "https://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/statutes/24-A/title24-Asec794.html", "source_name": "Maine Legislature (Title 24-A §794) / Maine Bureau of Insurance", "notes": "Watch for activation if coastal/island availability worsens. Not on the III FAIR-Plan table or PIPSO list." }, { "code": "MT", "name": "Montana", "has_plan": false, "substitute": null, "reason": "No FAIR Plan and no residual-market property mechanism; homeowners use the private/E&S market despite significant wildfire exposure. No last-resort plan as of early 2026. Verify before publishing.", "confidence": "low", "source_url": "https://content.naic.org/insurance-topics/fair-access-to-insurance-requirements-plans", "source_name": "NAIC", "notes": "Not on the III FAIR-Plan table or PIPSO list." }, { "code": "ND", "name": "North Dakota", "has_plan": false, "substitute": null, "reason": "No FAIR Plan and no residual-market property mechanism; small, stable market. Verify before publishing.", "confidence": "low", "source_url": "https://content.naic.org/insurance-topics/fair-access-to-insurance-requirements-plans", "source_name": "NAIC", "notes": "Not on the III FAIR-Plan table or PIPSO list." }, { "code": "NE", "name": "Nebraska", "has_plan": false, "substitute": null, "reason": "No FAIR Plan and no residual-market property mechanism; homeowners use the private/E&S market despite heavy hail/severe-convective-storm exposure (which drives high premiums but not an availability crisis). No last-resort plan as of early 2026. Verify before publishing.", "confidence": "medium", "source_url": "https://content.naic.org/insurance-topics/fair-access-to-insurance-requirements-plans", "source_name": "NAIC", "notes": "Not on the III FAIR-Plan table or PIPSO list." }, { "code": "NH", "name": "New Hampshire", "has_plan": false, "substitute": null, "reason": "No FAIR Plan and no residual-market property mechanism; small, stable market. Verify before publishing.", "confidence": "low", "source_url": "https://content.naic.org/insurance-topics/fair-access-to-insurance-requirements-plans", "source_name": "NAIC", "notes": "Not on the III FAIR-Plan table or PIPSO list." }, { "code": "NV", "name": "Nevada", "has_plan": false, "substitute": null, "reason": "No FAIR Plan or insurer of last resort as of early 2026. Wildfire exposure (Lake Tahoe basin, Reno/Carson area WUI) is rising; Nevada passed a 2023 law allowing carriers to carve wildfire coverage OUT of homeowners policies (sold separately as a stand-alone wildfire policy), and the Nevada Division of Insurance has signaled a feasibility study on a possible Nevada FAIR Plan, but nothing exists yet.", "confidence": "medium", "source_url": "https://uphelp.org/nevadas-new-wildfire-law-signals-a-shift-in-property-insurance-risk-allocation/", "source_name": "United Policyholders / Nevada Division of Insurance / The Nevada Independent", "notes": "Strong candidate for a future FAIR Plan. Not on the III FAIR-Plan table or PIPSO list." }, { "code": "OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "has_plan": false, "substitute": "Oklahoma Market Assistance Program (OK-MAP), a state-mandated referral program (mapsprogram.com) that connects homeowners with participating private insurers. It is NOT an insurer of last resort: OK-MAP does not itself write policies.", "confidence": "high", "reason": "No FAIR Plan; Oklahoma has only OK-MAP, a referral system. Oklahoma has severe hail/tornado exposure and rapidly rising premiums; the Oklahoma Insurance Department announced a 2026 legislative package on rising homeowners costs, but a true FAIR Plan was not in place as of early 2026.", "source_url": "https://mapsprogram.com/", "source_name": "Oklahoma Market Assistance Program / Oklahoma Insurance Department", "notes": "Important distinction for the site: OK-MAP is often informally called 'the Oklahoma FAIR Plan' but it is a referral program, not a last-resort insurer." }, { "code": "SD", "name": "South Dakota", "has_plan": false, "substitute": null, "reason": "No FAIR Plan and no residual-market property mechanism; small, stable market. Verify before publishing.", "confidence": "low", "source_url": "https://content.naic.org/insurance-topics/fair-access-to-insurance-requirements-plans", "source_name": "NAIC", "notes": "Not on the III FAIR-Plan table or PIPSO list." }, { "code": "TN", "name": "Tennessee", "has_plan": false, "substitute": null, "reason": "No FAIR Plan; Tennessee's market is described as competitive. Homeowners (including in tornado-prone middle/west Tennessee and wildfire-exposed east Tennessee, e.g. the 2016 Gatlinburg fires) use the private and surplus-lines markets. No last-resort plan as of early 2026.", "confidence": "medium", "source_url": "https://content.naic.org/insurance-topics/fair-access-to-insurance-requirements-plans", "source_name": "NAIC / Insurance Information Institute", "notes": "Not on the III FAIR-Plan table or PIPSO list." }, { "code": "UT", "name": "Utah", "has_plan": false, "substitute": null, "reason": "No FAIR Plan and no residual-market property mechanism; homeowners use the private/E&S market despite WUI wildfire exposure along the Wasatch Front. No last-resort plan as of early 2026. Verify before publishing.", "confidence": "low", "source_url": "https://content.naic.org/insurance-topics/fair-access-to-insurance-requirements-plans", "source_name": "NAIC", "notes": "Not on the III FAIR-Plan table or PIPSO list." }, { "code": "VT", "name": "Vermont", "has_plan": false, "substitute": null, "reason": "No FAIR Plan and no residual-market property mechanism; small, stable market (flooding is the main hazard, handled via the NFIP). Verify before publishing.", "confidence": "low", "source_url": "https://content.naic.org/insurance-topics/fair-access-to-insurance-requirements-plans", "source_name": "NAIC", "notes": "Not on the III FAIR-Plan table or PIPSO list." }, { "code": "WY", "name": "Wyoming", "has_plan": false, "substitute": null, "reason": "No FAIR Plan and no residual-market property mechanism; small, stable market. Verify before publishing.", "confidence": "low", "source_url": "https://content.naic.org/insurance-topics/fair-access-to-insurance-requirements-plans", "source_name": "NAIC", "notes": "Not on the III FAIR-Plan table or PIPSO list." } ] }